JOURNAL OF THE F.M.S. MUSEUMS,
N T T E
'I'liis Journal takes tile place of the *' Perak Mnsenm Notes''
tlit> iii-st nniiilfov of •wliieli was issued in 1893.
pa
1 ' \ -iV I, c
JOIRNxVL
FEDERATED MALAY STATKS
MUSEUMS.
Vol. IV.
December. 1909, to November. :9ii.
KUALA lAMn U
FRINTKD AT TIIK K.M.i<. tiOVERNMENT PRlNriN*; ..FFK K
»n/i2-n.
'^
■^
r'ONTKXTS.
Xo. 1.
I'a-.'.-
'I'lie Flora of iho IVIoia and lialaiiir I'a.laii'^ N'lillrv.-, I.v II. N. Ki.lj, ^ ... |
On Mammals from the Uhio Arcliipclaj^o ami Malay I'oiiinsiila, liy Oidd.l.l
Thomas and R. C. Wrougliton, ^vitli notes by tlie Collectors W
Xotps on' Birds now to. or raro in. tlio Malay Poninsula. I.v Hr»r»i'-ii
f, Tiobinson ... ... ... ... ... ... ];»fi
\... -2.
On .Maiiiiiial> and |{irtl> IVotii 'I'lvni.'-aariii, l>v ('. Hoiji'ii Kl'>.-v . |;t.-
Ou Mammals nml Binls fmni ili(> [.owlamls of Paliaiiff, li\ C. lio<l<-ii Klo>> III
Notes on ludu-Malayan Sijiiirrds, In lI(M'l)ei'r ('. IJobin-ion ami It. ('.
Wronghton ... ... ... . . ... ... ... ... ... Iti*;
On Six New >rammals from the Mala.v Peninsula nml Adjacent Ixlami.",
by Herbert C. Robinson and C. IJoden Kloss \(YJ
NOS. 3 AND L
On a Collection of Mammals and other Vertebr.-iti's from ihe TronjrK""""
Archipelago, by C. Boden Kloss 17.'>
Notes on Twenty-three Specimens of Plrroim.f hiiiHiuirhniiiM lif,i<liiH, by
Knud Andersen ... ... ■•■ .•• ■■• • -'-
On Mammals ami l!ii-ds from ilio llilK of Nrirri Smd. ilan. by C. IUhUu
Kloss -"•
Nores on Birds new to. or rare in, the .Malay Penins^nla (-.'cond s.ri<'*V b\
C. liodeu Kloss --"'
On Five Now Sub-species of Oricnial S.|iiirrels. by lb rb.ri »'. Ib.bin.xon
and R. C. Wrongliio)! ... . • •■ ••■ -''"'
A list of a Small (olh-ciion of .Maninials .and iliid- from iIm- Moinitnin« of
rill Laiiii-at, Selan.g<ii'. Ia 111 rb.n ('. b'obinson S^'
On New .MamnniU from llir .Malay I'.idiisnla and a<ljar.nt Man.b. I.>
Herbert C. Ib.liiiison .and ('. Mod. n Kloss -O
On n Horned Oul. niw lo il.,. Malax r.'ninsula. by H.Mb.ii < li..i.n. 1' Irt
THE FLORA OF THE TELUM AND BATAN<; I'AhANO
VALLEYS.
By H. N. IMDLEV, r.R.s..
DlRKCTOK OK n.AROEXS, StRAITS SkTT r. K MK \TS.
TN u-lviutr an account of tlu* plants ni.-t with in tli.-s.- .li..trirts, I
must premise that this portion of Perak was visitcl l,v Mr.
Wray in 1888, wlio collected largely in the Batang Pa.laiiu: vall.-v
and on a hill known as Gunong Berunihan, but whieli is not th.-
mountain described in this account. He does not seem to have i,'<.t to
Telom, where the greater part of the novelties wen- obfaiii<'<l, nor
apparently did Father Scortechini, who got to the main range some-
where in the Batang Padang district. I have retained the name
"Telom" for the camp and country round, and "Telom River" for
the river at the head of whidi the camp was situated ; but the projM'r
name of the camp appears to be Lubok Tana in and of the riv.-r
Sungei Bertang or Berotang. The other nanu-s, how.-v.'r, hiiv.-
appeared on maps, and are perhaps more identifial)le.
The final point reached was well on tlie central mountain chain of
the Peninsula, and the important thing shown by the l)otanv of this
region is the prevalence of a strong Himalayan element, pushing down
along the main chain towards the south. This will Ije dilatt^l on a
little later.
During the period when I was awaiting the arrival of the rest of
the expedition at Tapah, I was enabled to make a fairly good collection
of the plants of that district, the flora of which is that of tlie low
couutrv, l)ut containing many elements wliirh are fbstimt from the
low country districts of Selangor or Johore. This flora continues
to the 12th mile on our route and alters slowly as we pass into the
Batang Padang valley, where the flora completely changes, resembling.
to a considerable extent, the flora of Ginting liidei in Selangor.
Bamboos become very abundant, not only in number of siwcimeiis l>ut
in species, though as too often happens few plants ci>uld U' found in
flower and so identified. The flora differs strikingly from that of the
other Perak Hills, noticeably in the paucity oi Dichjmncarpi. Pnndam
and Mapnuue; Auonacete, abundant at Tapah, are scarce: Dipiem.
carpeie are hardly seen anywhere. At one point in the Bjit«nu'
Padang valley we came upon th.- chai-acteristio lime8t<uu'-r«M-k plant
MouophijUea, together with Forro'tid mononperma, which I have ranOy.
if ever, seen away from the limestone formation, altliougii there are no
signs of limestone anywhere in the district. Noticeable, t<Mi. is the
Dec, 1909.
Javaiif^so ZiffrVln, a licib Ix-loiigini;- lo thr Fl[>friice.v with Lurr-
likc fruit, iiud Destnodium meyaphyllnm, a liandsome shrub witli
violet flowers, also a Javanese type ; these and a few other plants
oecurriui,' in Java and not as yet known from the Himalayas, though
di itinctly mountain types, certainly suggest an invasion of a flora from
Java.
Crossing a tril)iitary of the Batang Padang, we come to the ridge,
which is the lioundary line of Pahang, and immediately the flora alters,
Balcnophoras are abundant, the golden balsam, Impatiem oncUJioides^,
the violet, Sanlcle, Di^jtornn,, Begonias, Rhododendrons, Bichroa,
several spei-ies of StrohihatUmx, uud other Aconfhacen; appear. A
strong Himalayan element prevails, which is, to a certain extent,
accentuated on the higher ridges, such as Gruuong Berumban, where
Ave meet with Pentajiterygmm, Carex, Ganltheria, etc.
Noticeal)ly absent from this region are AnonacecV, Blpierocarpere,
Myristicaceiv, and the characteristic plants of our other mountain
ranges, Tii><f(iiiia, B.vclda, Leptosjmimwi and Matonia. These genera,
exi-ept Matoiiiii, are rather Australian types, and this element seems
to be wanting on the main chain, though abundant on the hills nearer
the coasts.
On these hill ridges we find a number of plants common to the
Semangko Pass on the borders of Selaugor and Pahang, but absent
from our other mountain ranges, such are Didijmocarpus venusfy)^,
jf^fn-hynauflnis longlcnlyx, P^ychotria brachybotrys, Filetia Ridleyi,
Rhododendron Wroi/I, Labli<ia Jonifisfyla, Strobilnnthes Hcnhridtii^.
NepentheK ramliipiiin and Bambusa elcgan.^. But none of the Hima-
layan types have been met with there as yet.
Tlie Himalayan ty[ies, of which so many were added to our flora by
this expedition, seem to be centred in the main range, and most of them
also occiu' in Java. They include the folloAving : Vlohi serpens,
Sanicula europea, OpJiiopogon intermedia, Castanopms argentea, Begonia
Roxhurghii, Deshtodlum scaJpe, Disporum, Dichroa febrifitga, Balano-
phora, several species: Ganltheria, Fentapderygium, Talaunia mutabiUs
and Tricallittra, Ijelonging to the group Twpistrew, which is Indo-
Chinese. The TwpistrexK' are represented in the Peninsula by two
species of Tupistra, Avhich, it is noteworthy, have hitherto been met
Avith almost exclusively on Bujang Malacca, a hill at no great distance
from Telnin. The genus is otherwise Himalayan and Burmese only.
It Avoidd takf too long and j)erhaps (till further, researches have been
made in the highlands of the Peninsula) Avould be premature to
discuss fully the relations of the Himalayan, and, one may say, the
Paliearctic element of the flora, and its distribution in our area. But
it may Ije noted that it is almost confined to the main chain of the
Peninsula, and Avhere species of genera belonging to it do occur in the
hwlands or on the out-lying hills away from the main chain, there are
connecting stati<ius for these plants with the main chain. Further-
more that this element re-appears in Java, but is remarkably absent
iNlll
from Borneo aii.l Mpi^uviitlv (tlmn-li il,,. ||,,|„ |,i^^ ii.,t y.\ \,
ade|uately exauiinod) from Simuilni also; iiuii.' of tli.'s.. Hiiiiuluvan
plants have been met with on Matau-,' in Sarawak uor ou Kiuulmlu.
the only hi^-h mountains of Borneo, which liav.- I.kmi tli(.r(Mij;hlv .-x-
plored. It is intor'-stiu^;, too, 1(. n,,te that, acvunliip^ t<. Mr. KuImii-...ii.
the hirds of the Tt'lnm valley arc also Himalavaii in t >!•••.
I have only to add some notes as to tli.> kin«l ..1" ruuntrv in
which the Telom district lies; the whole country consist k, ^'cnernlly
speaking, of heavily-forested hills, lietwecn which run streams r.f
various sizes. The rock of which these hills consist is a inixtuiv
of slates and schists. At the Telom Camp an<l further un t..wardi
Gunong Berumban are patches of perfectly flat i^n.uu'l, lowdvinj; and
muddy; these are of some size, and rather to the north of (Itmom,'
Berumban lies a similar flat area, apparently much niore extensive,
w'hich is jiresnmably the plateau descrilted many years ai,'o liy Cameron
and known by his name. In these plains the flora is difiVrent fn.m
that of the surrounding country, the forest is comparatively thin, the
trees scattered, the characteristic ones l)eing Saiiraujn and Piirfnnrii ;
I have seen no similar flat lands anywhere else in the Peninsula.
The highest land we visited is much less xerophytic than is usiial at
such altitudes in the Peninsula, and the xeropliytic fluni was met with
chiefly on the ridges connecting the higher points. This may. fiorhaps,
be the cause of the absence of such plants as Bievhut, Lfjito^jifninini
and Mafoit'iii, so abundant on all our other hills. A ridge iM'hind the
camp, called Telom Ki<lge in this paper, was a goo«l example <>f
these somewhat drier ridges ; the fli.ra was poor in s|ie<-ie8. it
l)eing mainly coveivd with bushes of a new s|)ecies of Pimiuijo,
Pandatua^ coUinii>t and AUonioriihia rofiea, and the groun<l lj<>twe«Mi
these was remarkably poor in herbaceous plants, ferns, etc., such as •.ii#»
usually finds abundant at these altitudes ami on similar ri<lges
elsewhere, ft is possible that these bush palms may have s..m.-thini; to
ilo Avith the poveily ..f herbaceous plants, fur one muld n«.t but
C(unpare the flora witii that of the lirrf'ini hills of Tapah. To
a botanist nothing could be more barren than these hills; U'lween
the great clumps of the berlum {KiiiitissuuK //•/>/ /k) hardly a fern
or a herb was to be seen, although the ground was <piite b.ire
and there was plenty of light and n-om.
Palms were bv no means so abumlant and a.s varied in the Telom
woods as they are on the Taiping Hills :md other hill i-ang»'s in the
Peninsula, and as we travelled from tlie Tapah road t.» Telom. one ...uld
note the circumscribed areas of the different species, which markeil .b-
tinctly the complete changes of fl..ra. At the IJth mile from TajMih
Eii,iei.<<.^a,i(( was abundant, and Omnia ,)i,irr»<-l,nl,(.-', the lU.l. .ipj^xin^l
as the Eiifiei-^^inta began to get scanty, but only c.mtinued f..r a nule or so.
when both disappeared. In the Batang Pa<iang valley Ann.,., »'.>/♦ r-
honti, the Langkap, was the i)revailing palm till at the u\,\'*'T md.
livL<to„o cochhu-hi,ieu.<ix an.l a Caryut.f, apparently ..U.m,. were the
]>roinln*'ii< palms. As soon as tlio Paliani^- lioiindurv ridye was crossed
all of IhtMii complotoly disappeared (I saw a single seedling of the
Llrixtona near the caniji Vmt no more, and young Caryotas of some
species were seen beyond the Telom Camp). Beyond the boundary
ridge Pinangas and Areca, with a few Calamex, were the only palms.
Lli'uahiK, Ifiiiamiraft and Oncoi^penna, abundant in most hill forest, were
not seen anywhere after leaving Tapah. As will bo seen by the list
which follows the collections made were very extensive, considering the
compamtively short time at our disposal and the season. I have
suocwded in identifying most of the plants collected, b\it in addition
a lai'ge collection of Mosses and Hepaticas was made, w^hich have not
as yet been worked out. Mr. H. C. Eobiuson and Mr. C. B. Kloss
assisted very materially in adding to the collections in every possible
way. In an expedition from Telom to Gunong Iran they brought
back a n\unl>er of specimens, some of which prove to be of great
importance, and Mr. Kloss also obtained plants on the track from
Telom to Kuala Medang, after he and Mr. Robinson parted from me.
LIST OF FLORA.
MAGNOLIACE^.
1. Illicium cambodianum. Ho nee.
A small bushy tree, with rose-pink flowers, rather a large-leaved
form.
Telom, banks of the river above the water-fall and also on
Gunong Berumban.
Distrib. — Cambodia.
2. Talauma mutabilis, BK
A shrub in fruit, on low swampy ground Ijeyond Gunong
Beruml^an.
D!><tr!h. — Java, Moulmein.
3. Kadsuea lanceolata, Kiiuj.
A dimlier in fruit only.
Telom, in the forest. Endemic.
ANONACE.'K.
4. POPOWIA NERVTFOT,TA, MdilKjaij,
Small tree in young fruit. Endemic.
MENISPERMACE^I.
5. Pericampyi.us incanus, Miers.
Telom, about Sakai clearings, in ilower and fruit. Common all
over the Peninsula.
Pistrib. — India, Java, Sumatra.
\H)i,\(i;j';.
G. Viola serpens. Wall.
The Violet was very abuudiint in npcii i)ail> <•! tin- \\.j<m1 ;ii
Teloni uu the river banks and in ><\<\ deariui^'K of tin* Sukuih.
wliicli had been abamluued by them and were ovi-rj^rown with
^snlall trees. The flowers were ul' a \m\v lavi-nder nduiir
(rarely whitej, tlie lower petals streaked willi daik«r violet
purple. The form is var. ijliibni.
Distrih. — India. Java. China.
I'Ol,^ G.M.ACK.K.
7. PoLYUALA VENENOSA, Jlix.<.
This large herb or half-shrul) is very abiiud;inl at IVIom. and
also in the III u Batang Padany. Jt is nsually about i fi-et
tall. The light green leaves have the midrili and veins on thi-
^ baek of the leaf violet purple. The sepals are translucent,
tipped with pink. The petals trauslueent while, the k»id
brilliant chrome yellow -. on withering the jH-'tals kronie of h
violet-pink, darkest in colour at the tip, the k.rl iH-eonies
crimson lake.
This plant does not occur ••in all the provinces at low eleva-
tions." as King states in the " Materials." It is only met
with in dam[. shady woods from l,00<»feet elevation upward^
to about 4,000 feet, rarely Ixdow this. 1 have met with it
below^ 1,000 feet only at Pulau Tawar in Pahan- and
Tambun near Ipoli in Perak. and at elevations of aln^ut
1,000 feet and upwards at dinting Bidei and Scmangko Pass
in Selangor and in the Larut Hills in IVrak. and in P.-nang.
It is also a native of Java and 8uniatr;i.
8. Xanthophyllum affine, Kortli.
A small but wide-spreadmg tree hanging oT.-r l he river. Klow.i-.
-white. The comnumest species in the Peninsvda. It i.- oitm
a bush onlv: but. as King says, it is really otherwise wrx
constant and cannot ronvenieutly 1k> broken up. even into
varieties.
Banks of Telom River, in Howcr and frui!.
2)ig/,-;6.— Tenasserini to the Philippines.
(il'I'tifkim:
1». (jtAKCINIA, Sji>. , ., ,. 1
a 1 f. ,• tv...v ..II the hidi rid-.^ rouud lelmii. witli
Some verv ]ott\ tieo on lut m^n n'o • .- i i
lar-e vellow flowers, and th.- stamens nunu-rous m tour l.r...M
oU-uneate masses wcr- probaLly a. >liccr.ij"lio. King. »-.
specimens were uni)rocurabl.'.
10. G. Maingayi, Ho'A-. jU.
Ulu Bataug Padang. near the Batan--' V.A.u^ Kivef. .u llo«o.
Endemic.
(')
ti:i;ns'|'I!.i;,miach^1':.
11. KURVA Aci'MfNATA, Dr.
Common at Telom Camp.
Uisfrlb. -Imlia, Malaya, Fiji.
12. TeKNSTK(KMIA HCOKTEOHINII, Kitty.
On Cuiiong Berumlnin at 0,000 i'eet altituck'.
I ouly found tliis iu fruil, but 1 believe it is the jVlaut iuteuJed
by the description, althoii^'h the fruit is mucli smaller than
that described. The fruit is black, with the seed enclosed in
a bright red aril. Endemic.
13. PyRENARIA KUNSTLEKl, KlttfJ.
A branching tree about 30 or 40 feet tall. The leaves, when
dry, were not pustulate, and the nerves Avere more conspicu-
ous than iu the type specimens and others I have seen. The
fruit is globose yellow and covered with rather stiif hairs.
Abundant in low swampy groiuid near Teloin Camp. It was
in fruit only, and the ground, in many places, was thickly
strewn with the fruit. Endemic.
14. GrORDONIA, tfj;. '
Very large trees of a Got'ihmiti were seen on the upper ridges
all over this district. It was impossilde to get specimens,
owing to their great height, and only fallen corollas coidd be
secured ; it is probably (?. cxcelsa, Bl.
15. SaDRAUJA TRISTYLA, l)i:.
In flower, with its small pink flowers, at Jor. Common in all
the higher woods of the Peninsula.
IG. y. NUDIFLORA, Dc.
A fairly big tree, with rosy white flower buds. Common at
Telom, up to alxait 4,000 feet elevation.
Dlsii'ib, — Java and Sumatra.
17. Saurau.ja granbis, tt. sp.
A large tree about GO feet or more tall, young parts hairy.
Leaves elliptic, subacute, base broad, 9-12 inches long, 5-5|
inches wide, a1)ove dark green, beneath nearly white (young
red) ; nerves 12 pairs, elevated Ijeneath, reticulations promi-
nent, margins undulate, subserrate ; young leaves above
sprinlded with pale hairs ; adults glabrous beneath, in young
leaves hairy, especially on the nerves, beneath glabrous or
nearly so scurfy ; petioles 1! inch long, glabrous panicles,
usually ])cndent from the ends of the branches, occasionally
on the trunk ; peduncle about 4 inches long, branches 1 inch
long, covered with short pale lanceolate, acuminate hairs,
as are the pedicels. Ciilyx Imirv. sepals four, orbicular ^ inch
luuL,^ Coiulhi yliil.ruus, 1 inch atru.ss, i»ftuU <.liluii^' -^IjIh^c.
white (ucciisioiially rose). StiiiiiHiis ovor -H), uuuu-hjuh, ^'la-
l)rous, openin«,' hv tcnninal pores. Styles five, fix-e t.. the huhc.
Telom Eiver baiikt;. Oue of the eoiuiuonest trees here; a n-rv
fouspicuous tree, with kr<^'e flowers Ic.r the •/emis. Alii*-"! |.>
S. caulljlorK, but a •iii,'y;er phiiit with 'iinVrfUl li-avc.-, : it \\,\s
well ill flower at the lime i>l cur visit. mikI tli.- '^'ruiUKl
was stn'wii with its Mnssnius.
.M.\L\.\CK.K.
l8. UkKNA Luli.VTA, /y.
Al>iiii(laut ill S;il<ai cliMriii-s. 'ri'lnm.
ll>. Hiiiiscus Abelmuschus. />.
A weed in SaUnt elearin'^s.
2(}. H. MAOKOPHYLLUS, Uo.ih.
Big trees seen iu Ulii lialaiig L'a'lang.
21. BOxMBAX MALABAIUCL'M, Dr.
This tree was vcrv eoni'uou as far as .F<.>r in tin' llalang
Padang valley. No speoinieus ec)uld Ik* procured, hut the
fallen flowers were }iicked up and were light yellow.
STHRCLLlAL't:.!;.
'2'2. Stkkoulia uostkata, n. sjj.
Small tree abuut 20 feet tall. Leaves ..buvate. ..bl..ng a.ut<-.
with a short cusp narrowed towards (he rounde<l base ; nerves
12 })airs, elevated beneath, retieiilations also eleva(e«l, 8 in-
ehes long, o inches wide, above dull green, beneath yeUowixli
when alive, glabrous, except a few rusty hairs on the niidril»
and nerves above, U-neath hairy <>n the nerves and with
stellate liairs on the leaf surface; jR-ticle hairy. 2 ineh.-.s long.
Panicle from an iii.jier axil few l)raurhed.t;inrhes l..ng.bnin<-lies
few and short at the top. hairy ; mal." flowers. /., inrh long, nnl,
lobes lanceolate not tailed eonnate at llu- tips, hairy, ranipa-
nulate, tube very short anthers, altout live on a v.-ry .^hort
colunm ; female flowers not swu. Fruit c!inH.ds four, elonir.ite.
lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed at the l>ase into ii stalk. [. inch
long, and ending in a long terete curved beak. '. in.-h long,
whole carpel i inches long, and 2 inch.s a. ross. « lu^u
flattened. Seeds six. \ inch long, bhi.k. Telom iJiver bank
A very distinct siKries iu its very small flowers, au.l ciuiuuu
loug-beaked car[>cls.
-2'S. 8. KNSIFOLIA. Muxf.
Plants of this were seen near Jor,
8
"XSa. Leptonychia glauka, Furca.
Cummou round Teloni. A common hill junjj-le tree, all over the
Peninsula, and occurring also in Burmah and the Malay
islands.
Tl LI ACETIC.
24. Triumfetta pilosa, lioth
Abundant along the track to Jor, not at all a common plant as
would appear from King in the " Materials."
GEGANIACE.-E.
25. Impatiens oncidioides, Kidl., Kew Bull., 1909, 11.
A succulent herb about 2-4 feet tall. Stem fuscous brown
succulent, } inch through, ascending. Leaves plain green,
ovate lanceolate to lanceolate acuminate, acute, narrowed
to the basi^, margin crenulate with short processes in the
crenulatious, fleshy (thin and flaccid when dry), dark green
above, paler beneath, I-0-6 inches long, 1-2 inches wide; nerves
(primary) about 18 pairs, (secondary) hardly less distinct ;
petiole 1-1^ inch long. Racemes subtermiual, with two
flowers or more. Bracts, lanceolate, acuminate, | inch long,
green. Pedicels 1 inch long. Flowers, opening singly or
occasionally two together, large and showy, bright yellow.
Sepals three, two laterals, ovate, cuspidate, ^\, inch long, pale
green keeled, posterior ovate, yellow, darker above, ^ inch
long, 1 inch wide ; spur slender, \\ inch long. Petals,
anterior, hooded, ovate, yellow, Avitli a green rounded keel,
\ inch long ; laterals, with a short narrow base limb, three,
lobed on the outer margin, upper lobe linear, oblong,
horizontal, obtuse, tip rounded, middle large but no longer,
semi-circular, terminal lobe short, oblong, obtuse, inner
margin straight, the two petals together forming a lip 1^
inch across — all pure chrome yellow. In one form the upper
lobes have Indian red lines. Capsule fusiform gTeen, nearly
1 inch long, seeds orbicular flat.
Telom ; abundant, growing in masses in wet deep mud, sporadi-
cally along banks and on rotting trees in dark shady spots.
This beautiful balsam has flowers resembling in form and
colour those of some Oncidimn, hence its name. It shows
some amount of variation in the form of the two large
petals, the lobes being often narrower, and some forms are
conspicuous from having Indian red streaks on the upper
lobes.
2(.;. I. SARCANTHA, Hook. fil. MS8.
A herb about 4-0 inches tall, occasionally 12 inche.s. Leaves
numerous, opposite lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, 3-4
inches long, \.^ inch wido, upper surface dark green, sprinkled
with very shurt unicellnlar hairs, more prominent on the
voiiis, l>t'Ueiitli }i;ilL'-euluuivtl ;^'l;uni»iis. <li>tt«.'<l willi hair»>
siiiiihir to thuse above but loiigtT, iiud deiiHrr <>ii the uerv»*>»,
mary:iiis wavy with short processes: i»etk)K' 1 iiuli loii^,';
uerve.s six i)airs asceiidiii^'. Flowers in upper axils on sleuder
pedicels, 1-, iiieli Ioiil;;. }»iilK-'scent. S^-pals. luti-nils <>vHt«'.
cuspidate, keeled, I iucli loivjf. posterior, ovate, .UHpidat.-.
pale pink, { iuch ; spur slender, curved acuminate, 1 ', in« h
long. Petals, anterior, obovate. rose-pink, with a k*-*-! ending
in a short point, laterals connate, Viilobed, hi<le loU-s oblong'
(jbtuse, midlobe suborbicular euiar<<inate with dark<T e\e.
Stamens deep crimson. Capsule I'usil'orm, 1 inch lon-^'.
Telom, on rocks in the river. Allied to /. (irifithl. Hook . with
broader liairv leaves, and vovui-j: l)arts of tin- >tem
pubescent and longer petioles.
KUTACEJ;.
27. EVODIA I'lLULIFERA, Kimj.
Telom (13539).*
28. E. PACHYPHYLLA, Kiinj, \dV. GRANDIS.
A much sto\iter plant than the type with lai-ger leaves. Uiif-
lets elliptic, rounde<l, narrowed to the base. 5-6 inches lon^'.
3 inches wide, with a stout petiole, 3 inches long: jK-tiolules
i inch long; cymes 3 inches long (more lax than in tyiH-).
including the peduncle 2 inches long. CV-ci of fruit \ mch
long.
Gunong Berumban at the top. There .seem to l^e thni- f..rm>
of this plant. The type locality unknown has short almoM
obovate leaves, 2 or 3 inches long, with cymes over 1 iuch luug.
A form collected on Bujang Malacca by myself is mucli
dwarfer with acute leaves, 1-1', inch long, and very short
cymes less than 1 inch long, and the variety de.s,TiU'd
above. The flowers and fruits are much the .same m all.
The species is confined to these mountain ranges so far u«
is known.
29. Zanthoxylum mykiaca.vthim. U'"//.
A fairly large tree with the trunk, thickly arnuMl with thorn..
The fruits are verv aromatic. In a iSakai .-learmg at I.-lnui.
one large tree in 'fruit and a numl.er of .sei-dUngs : not ratl-
in the Peninsula, even at low elevations.
30. MicROMELUM HIR8UTUM, Olini:
Telom, near the river. A shrub iu tluwer and young fruit.
* The mnnbcr. nn.U.l tlm. aro tl.c di«.ribuHon nun.K-n. of the Sing«pu«
Ucibiuini,
10
iMKLIACEJ-].
1)1. Ch1S()(!HKToN LAXIFI.ORUS, KitUJ.
A tree with stout-asceudiug branches about 40 feet tall, with
hard-wood, the fruit in long pendulous spikes, 2 feet long,
Jjright pink, glabrous. The leaves are larger tlian those
descril)ed bv King, having six |)airs of leaflets, and the fruits
of the type are said to be tonientose : but the })lant does not
agree with the description of any other species.
"62. Beddomea bacemosa, it. sp.
A large tree, young parts covei'ed with ferruginous tonieiituni.
Leaves simple, thinly coriaceous, ovate to elliptic ovate,
subacute with a short cusp, base narrowed a little, eventually
4-8 inches long, 2i-4 inches wide ; nerves 18 pairs, somewhat
horizontal, meeting in loops intra- marginally : young leaves
covered with ferruginous tomentum ; adults glabrous ; petiole
j-1 inch long, tonientose grooved. Racemes slender, 2-6 inches
long, two or three together in the lower axils, tonientose,
occasionally branched. Flowers small, rathei' remote, j\, inch
long. Bracts small, linear, tonientose. Sepals five, oblong,
suljacute, tomentose. Petals, larger, roiuided orbicular gla-
brous imbricate, five. Stamens five. Anthers lanceolate cells,
diverging at base, connivent into a cone, subsessile on very
sliort points in a ring, fleshy, composed of the filaments and
disc, dehiscence intiorse. Pistil superior and connate with
the disc, ovary hairy above. Stigma conic, angled.
Perak, Ulu Bataiig Padaiig on the Pahaiig border. Flowers
greenish white. The genus Beddomea has been hitherto
confined to South India with two species, one B, Indica,
Hook., a shrub with pinnate leaves, and one B. s'nnpUc\folia,
Bedd., with simple leaves. The addition of another species
from the Malay Peninsula is of considei'able interest. This
species resembles B. indica, most in the form of its flowers and
especially its stamens ; but in its simple leaves and arboreous
habit it resembles B. sinqjilicifolia, Bedd.
OLACINE^E.
oo. GoMPHANDltA OKACILlS, King.
A bush. Guuoug Beruiuban at (.>,000 feet altitude. Common
in the mountain districts.
o4. G. LANCKOLATA. KiniJ.
Teloui and Gunong Berumban.
1L1C1NK.^E.
lio. Ilex GuiFFiTHii, Ibujk, jil.
A bush, with small rose-pink Howers. A form on Teloni Kidge
was peculiar in having long .slender erect shoots about
10 Iwl tall, ont'ivd with clusf s.-l Miuill «<viiU- lt.'u\ch Iimhi '-
^ inch lull-', ami i.ulK-scml on l.uili sides, tho l»ran<|ie«, too.
were verv jmbesc-eiil. This plant has, at first «i-i,t. a||
the appearance of a Viicriniinn, esiteciallv when in I'niil.
Telom Ridge and Uunong Jierumban. l-.fjno t'cet. (Jmumumu ,il
these altitudes all over the Peninsula.
X>«Wr('?>. —Assam, Sumatra and Java.
('EJ.ASI'UINEJ:.
36. Elton VMUs Wkavi, K'ukj.
A little tree on the lower sloi)es ol (luuoiij,' H»'runil».in at alM.iii
5,000 feet elevation: occurs also <>n Clunon;^' Batu Tuteh and
at Ivota Glangui in J'ahan.i;-.
o7. Celastkus Champiunii, Bridh.
A climbing shrub, with white flowers, and a capsule runiauiin;,'
a single seed wilh a bright red aril. 'J'hc leaves an v.,-rr
much thinner than usual : but the plant a))i»ears t«> Ik- v»rv
variable.
Telom, on the river IninK, sciambling over tnis, in Mowrr and
fruit abimdant .
Bidrib. — Hills of the I'cniusula and Hongkong.
i;ii.\.mni:j:.
38. GoUANIA hEPTOSXACllVA, Dc.
Abundant on the road to Jor about the K>tli mil'-, in ll"\\er.
List rib. — India and J'erak.
.\mim:i,ii)i:.1';.
3i*. VlTIH LaWSONI. KtlKJ.
Gunong Berumban at tsOOti feet elevaliou.
Visfrlb.—Miihiy Peninsula.
40. V. FUKCATA, LitV')-.
Telom, about the canijt.
41. V. GLABEKRIMA, 11'"//.
Telom, at the camp. Gomiuon in the low rountn .
42. V. THIIOLIA, //.
Telom Gamj.. A coinnioii lowland |.li(nl.
sai'ini>.\<-"i:j;.
4o. Ali.uj'Jivllus Gohhk. L.. \:ir. .;i,AiuiA.
A tree, with quite glabrous, trifoliate leave.>: ihe leafh-l.s I»ui«y«»-
late acuminate, shining on both surfaces pule. sulv..riiuxi»u»
nerved, 3.1-5 inches long, 1.1-2^ inches wide, entin-. Ktt*-eiiif«
branched "slender, thnv fo five on a ihhIuu.I.'. ra.-h 4H in.-h.«H
lom,'. Bracts small. TdOm, banks of the river.
i-2
In spite ul' the siuiibu-ity uf the liowers and I'niil, it is very diffi-
cult to bring oneself to class all the plants included as varieties
by Hiern as varieties only. In life no plants of a genus could
look more dissimilar than the tidal swamp bush (var.
racfiHosa) and the tree (jlahra.
('ONNAKACE.E.
44'. ROUREA CONCOLOK, Bl.
Telom Forest, on a fallen tree. Specimens nearly jjerished and
in very bad condition but apparently this species, which
occurs als(.> in the low country and in Sumatra and Borneo.
I>EGUMIXUSyT<:.
45. Desmodium laxum, Be.
A slender wiry plant, hardly more than a herb, with pink
flowers. Telom, in a Sakai clearing, scanty, also obtained in
Ulu Bataug Padang by Wray, and occurring in India, China
and the Malay islands.
4(3. D. SC'ALPE, I)c.
A blender plant like the last but with orange scarlt't flowers.
Telom Camp, not previously recorded from the Peninsula.
Distrlb. — Africa and India.
47. D. MEGAPHYLLU3I, Zoll.
A beautiful bush about 8 feet tall, with violet flowers. Ulu
Bataug Padang, collected in the same district by Wray, but
not known elsewhere in the Peninsula.
Di'6'///6.--Tenasserim and Java.
48. Erythkina, sjA, probably lithosperma, Miq.
One or two big trees of an Erythrina in flower, but too lofty to
obtain specimens from, were seen in the forests of the Ulu
Batang Padang, luidoubtedly wild. The occurrence of any
s])ecies of the genus wild in the Peninsula has been extremely
doubtful except in the case of the Lankawi plant, perhaps.
E. .siiherosa, E. indiea, E. strida and E. ovcdlfolla are planted,
and the specimens referred to in the "Materials,"' as well as
at least most, if not all, of the E. lithosperma are also from
remains of cultivation.
40, Bauhinia, sj).
A large climbing species, with red and orange flowers, was seen,
drapiug a mass of trees from the lower slopes of Gunong
Berumban, and seedlings were seen scattered through the
Telom woods, but the flowering plants were quite iuacces-
sil)le, and the species could not l»e identilied,
13
KOSACK.K.
50. RUBUS GLOMEllATUS, HI.
Teloin, in Sakiii clearing's an<l Ity tlio livt-v liank. 'J'liis t;ikt's
the place of M. Moluccauuit, which is an cxclnsivelv Kiwlan<l
plant, in the hills.
.')1, Tv. ros.*;fot,iur, Sm.
Common in al)an(loned Sakai clearin<^s romul Tfloin. It Ik
quite common at elevations of 2,000 feet in many parts nf
the Peninsula. The elon<,'ate(l oranj^e red fruit is sweet an<l
juicy when ripe, hut (piit*- Havourlt'ss.
SA\IFHA<iACE.'K.
52. DiCHROA FEBRIFUGA, Loiir.
This Ijeautiful shrub is abundant round Teloni, in nion- ojm-u
parts of the woods. The buds are white; an«l in the o|mu
flower the petals, stamens and stigmas are in<lii,'o.bliii'.
Dixfrlb. — India, China, Malaya.
MYHTAC'fLE.
58. Eugenia Robinsoniana, n. .-</<.
A fairly lartje tree, with pale bark. Leaves thinly coria«<'..ns.
elliptic, shortly acuminate, obtuse, base slij^ditly uarrowi-.!.
paler beneath; nerves slender about 2.') pairs, int.'rmrdi.ii.-
ones conspicuous, rather straight intra-niargiual. J„ inch fr-.m
the margin, 6-7 inches long, 3 inches wide ; petiole Kss than
] inch long, rather thick. Panicle short, 2 inches hmg or h-ss.
with a few about four short branches, 2 inches long. Flowers
small, ] inch long, sessile. Calyx funuel shaiH^l, sujontb.
green, mouth entire ; corolla, i)etals white, orbicular, small,
four ; stamens fairly numerous, short ; filaments sleud.T ;
anthers small, oblong. Fruit globos.-, h inch through, .Tosva-
ed with the raised ring-shaped calyx mouth.
Telom, by the cascade. T cannot uKitch this with any d.-rril-d
s])ecies.
54. Eugenia pendens, Diitliir.
Banks of streams in forest. TelAm.
This sniall lax-spreading tr.v oe.-urs in surh situations all -vor
the Peninsula from Sin-ap""-*' ^'' 1*'^»'«>"-'- -'"'^ '" Sumatm.
55. Rhodamnia trinervia. HI.
Small trees of this, nearly typical in char.icter. wer.. s.vn in the
Telom woods, though it is by no m.-ans .-onunon to t.n.l .f m
forest.
14
]y[ELA.STOMACE-E.
56. Melastoma malabathricum, Linn., var. polyanthcm, sub-var.
MONTANUM.
Teloni, near the oamp and high up on the lower slopes of
Guuong Berumban.
This form is the one commonly met with at such altitudes. A
tall plant about 10 feet high, with large, dark-coloured flowers.
57. M. PEBAKENSE, liidl.
M. itwlnhatlirioni) vnr. pf-ral'pyiiiP, Kliuj, Mat. Floy. Pft). MnJ., ii.,
p. 415.
Telom, by the i-ivor bank.
This is a very distinct plant from M. itiaJahathrlcnm in its
greater size in all parts, and its very large flowers an<l
pecidiar hairs on the calyx tube ; no one seeing it alive couhl
take it for a form of M. waJahathrlcinn.
58. Allomorphia alata, Scort.
Telom.
Common on the river bank at Tapah also. Endemic.
59. Allomorphia rosea, d. ^t^^.
A shrub about 8 or 9 feet tall, much l^ranched; the liranches
velvety, Avith soft hairs (brown when dry). Leaves opposite
nearly equal, ovate with a rounded base, subcordate, 4-()
inches long, 3-4 inches wide, above glabrous, 1)eneath
hairy on the nerves and nei'vules ; nerves three pairs, two
rising from the liase of the mi<lrib, one pair from higher uj) ;
petiole 2 inches long, velvety hairy. Panicle terminal, 8
inches to 1 foot long, 4 or 5 inches across, hairy. Floweis
numerous, small, rose-pink. Bracts minute hairy caducous.
Calyx obovoid strigose, with four small acute points, rose-pink,
-i\f inch long. Petals four, very small lanceolate acuminate,
pink. Stamens eight, luiequal, four narrow linear oblong,
apex truncate, base shortly cordate, four oblong ol)tu.se half as
long. Style cylindric long, rather stout, stigma capitate.
Capsule urn shaped, strigose y\,- inch long, apex convex four
celled. Seeds numerous, narrowed to the base, elongate
straight.
Telom, very common, the prevailing shrul) on the ridges at
4,000 feet and lower. Almost out of flower. A very pretty
plant in bloom, with its large panicles of rosy-pink flowers.
I refer this species to AUomorphia, as it seems to be nearest
to A. exigua, Bl., although cj[uite a different style of plant.
The three genera, Oxiiaponi, Alhimorplila and Aiierincleif^fva,
as laid down for o\ir species in the *' Materials," require
1.')
somo r.'visi..n. TIm' lati.-r -.ims is jKiit i.tiliuK iiii\.-.l. ,1
Jlorihuiidu.-^, Kiu<<, heiii','. ucTunliu^' to Co^'aiuux, ()xtj»iH,r.,
macrophylla, Treub. ; while Ihu IVikuik' plant .l.-s.-riUil um
Allomorphia exigua var. ininor, :i piuU-tluwiT*-.! tllill^' iA.
exigiia bavin-,' <,'reeiiish flowers) is. ] tliink. eurrn-tlv n-f.-in-.l
bv Havilund and dtlicrs to Anfrlnrh-I^tuit.
00. A. ALIilFLORA, n. ^11.
A glabrous shrult. with torclc lirown bninchcs. r^oavcs niilx-ori-
aceoiis glaln-ous, opposite 0(ju;i], laiiueolate, ovate, acniniiiate.
4 iuehe-s L)n<;', "2 inches widi'; iierses ihriM-, ri.^iuj; from tie-
base, with a finer one running shortly witliiu tin- mar'/iii.
nerves and horizontal nervules elevated l)eiieutli. m nrfv. ulM.ve
dark green, beneath paler; petiole ',-1 ineh l«>ng. I'aiiirle
terminal, 4 inches long, lax with a shoi-t pediimle. FIowith
white in threes on the end of short jH-dicds, ,',, inch long.
Calyx funnel shaped, -j^, inch long, with four short ovate lolutt.
Petals fonr, oblong qiiite obtuse, ,'., inch long, broad white.
Stamens eight, all ecpial, filament long pustular, anth»T an
long acuminate with a shoi'tly-bilobed base and a small pro-
cess on the l)ack, yellow. Style stout cylindric. stigma snjall
capitate. jDroterogynous. Fruit uni sha|>«'<l with strong
ribs, dehiscing loculicidally, ^ inch long.
Gunong Bemmban at (i.OdO feet elevation.
Gl. Blastus CoGNiAUXir, Stojif.
A big shrub, overhanging the river banks. Teluni IJivir. ■ onimon.
Flowers yellowish.
Disfrib. — Johore and Gunong Pantai. Gunonu' Janimr: rahang:
Kuala Lipis, Tahan Kiver: Selangor: Gintiug Hi<h-i. Hukit
Kntu ; Perak : Taiping Hills, Bujang Mala4ea. AN., in
Borneo. Sarawak'.
G2. Anerincleistus macrantuis, Kimj.
A shrub or a small bu.shy tree alx.ut lo f.i-t tall. The great
characteristic of this curious plant lies in the thnv bnu-t«
which enclose the unil>el. The.se bracts are lanceolate,
acuminate and rose-i)ink iu colour, 1 inch long, and nejirly
I inch wide. The inflorescence on its sh'ud.r .Irooping
peduu<-le with these c.nnivent pink bra.-ts has .i stnujg»'
rosemblame t«.the flower of some anonaoous plant. lU-lwivu
the bi-acts can be seen the small inconspicuous white Hower«
slightly tinted with pink. The bracts M-om t.. fall oflf early.
The allied species .4. /»//>'//»*. Korth.. of Sumatra, .b-^'s not
appear to have these <haracteristic bra.ts.
The plant is very abundant at .-,.<hm ►.«;.( hk) tWt el.'vati..n ..ji
Gunong Beruniban. where we found it in Howcr .ind fnut
10
63. Sarcopyramis nepalensis, Wall.
This little i)liiut closely resembles some si>ecies of SonerUa, but
its extremely shortly- stalked tlowers, with their eight stamens
and oblong anthers and the curiously-veined large valves to
the capsule, distinguish it readily. It has never previously
been met with in the Peninsula, and is an interesting addition
to our Flora, bemg another of the Himalayan plants which
have found their way down the mountain chains to the heart
of the Peninsula. It is recorded from the Himalayas,
Khasiya, Sumatra and Java. In the forests at Telom at
3,000-4,000 feet altitude.
04. SONERILA TENUIFOLIA, Bl.
Not rare in the Telom woods, nearly out of flower at the time
of our visit.
Bytrih. — Mt. Ophir; Gunong Batu Puteh in Perak ; and
Java, Sumatra and Borneo.
05. S. HIRSUTA, V. sp.
S. teiinifolia var. hir.oUa, Stccpf.
A slender erect plant, 3-8 inches tall, little or not In-anched.
Stems bright red and hairy. Leaves usually bright red
purple, lanceolate, acuminate, dentate, ba.se rounded, \-\ inch
long, \ inch wide, closely hairy on both sides with multicellular
of 10 crimson hairs ; nerves inconspicuous. Flowers axillary
and terminal on short pedicels, solitary. Calyx narrow
obconic, nearly glabrous, \ inch long, teeth very short subacute.
Petals white, ^ inch long, oblong, mucronulate. Stamens
shorter, \ inch long, anthers graceful-cui-ved acuminate
yellow. Capsule turbinate, \ inch long, smooth shining,
valves low and straight edged, pedicel | inch long.
Grunong Berumban on mossy banks at 6,000 feet elevation.
I take this to be the plant referred to by Stapf. as a variety
of S. tennifolia, Bl. ; but as it differs so conspicuously in the
form and hairiness of its leaves and larger flowers, as well as
other minor points, I consider it advisable to keep it as a
distinct species. The plants described by Stapf. were obtain-
ed on Grunong Bubu, and in other parts of Perak, of which
the localities are not given.
6G. S. PICTA, Korih., KrindhtDuh, p. 249, t. 52.
This species was based on a plant obtained in Sumatra at
"Batang Bessie" (Besi), and is well figured in the above-
mentioned plate in 1897. I obtained on the Ivelantan River
in Siak, Sumatra, a plant exactly similar to the one figured by
Korthals, and found that a plant by no means rare in the
Malay Peninsula, but omitted from the "Materials of the
Malay I'ciiiusula," was id.Milical rx.vj.i Im- il,.. ;iI..,uuli- of lli.-
silvery marks on the leaves of the lyiK: There ure ulm iu
the Malay Peninsula a nuinhcr of (|iiitt' <lwurf plaiitH. oft»-ii
Avith white-spotted leaves, whidi. .lilT.-iviil as the .-xtiviurH an-.
I am unalih' to sejiarate. except as varieties, uh then' un-
«unnectin<4- links Letween them. I will therefore dewriU« them
hero as scjveral of tlie varieties oeeiir aljiimlautly ut Telom.
SoNERiLA I'icTA, KoHli., a dwarf herli, ;J-12 ineheh in hei^jht,
usually about (i inches tall, (|uite •jflahrous. Leaves lanceo-
late to ovate lanceolate or ovate in dwarf plauls, narrowed
to the base, apex acute or acuminate, unequal, oiie not more
than half as l»i(^ as the other, \-o inches lon-^', ',-1 ineh wide,
margin obscurely serrate with short i>r<x-esHeK, dark ;;rwa
above (often marbled or veined white), j^laucescent Iteueuth ;
nerves three pairs, all rising from above the base ; |)etiole J-i
inch long. Flowers iu axillary and terminal uml>els iilxnit
five in an umbel, small rose-j>ink. Calyx funnel shajn-d, ,'„ inch
long, with three trianouUir a<:uminate processes. Petals thrw.
lanceolate acuminate, ,1 inch long. Stamens three, hlumentM
slender, anthers lanceolate acuminate. Styh" fairly »t«»ut.
stigma cai)itate. Capsidc smooth pale shining turbinate
with low rounded valves.
Malay Peninsula, Sumati-a and IJorueo.
Var. ((. TYPiCA.
Leaves l|-3 inches long, !-l { inch wide, lanceolate, margins litlK"
toothed. Calyx and peduncle covered with glandtdar liaint.
lobes more closely haii-y. Leaves ofton with a broad silvery
band on the midrib and nerves.
Sumatra, Kelantau Kivcr. Siak ( Ki.lley, b;•(J8^
Var. h. coNcoLOK.
Plant about 6 inches to 1 foot tall, bran.hed. Leaves lunitHdute.
plain green. Calyx and pe<licel tpiite glabrous. I'lu liitang
Padang, Gunong Angsi, Maxwell's Hill, iitikit Kutu , ''-nO).
Mt. Ophir, Bukit Hitam (7:321), Siak, Sumatni (rtl)i»4): with
traces of the hairs on the calyx as has a f->rni from Ml.
Ophir (No. 32i»l), with short oval leaves. Pahanu'. K«'t»
Glanggi, Tahan Woods. Telom.
Var. '■. dwarf form iasii,i.\
Not more than (» inches tall Leav»'s crowd.^l ovate
Sub-var. o. Leaves i)lain green. Telnm.tiunoug Pantai. S,ir.iwiik.
Quop (Ha Vila ml), Tawarar Kiver (12H4-).
Sub-var. b. Leaves with a white median bar. Liug^'a ( Hullett i.
Sub-var. c. Leuves spotted with white on upi^r >.tirf.Ko T»li*tt
Valley Woods, Tel«'»m, (iunoug Berumban.
Ifcc, looo.
18
(37. S. YELUTINA, //. Sp.
Steins 6-12 inches tall, densely rufous, hairy, with longer hairs
at the nodes. Leaves ovate obtuse, base rounded, margins
denticulate hairy on botli surfaces, 2 inches long, 1| inch wide ;
nerves two pairs, radiating from the base, one pair from above
the base ; petiole ^ inch long, hairy. Flowers three or four
on a short ^ inch, hairy peduncle, um belled, rose-pink or white.
Calyx, iV iiich long, narrow funnel shaped, with short points,
green hairy. Petals, oblong obtuse, f- inch long, and half as
wide, hairy, live, with glandular hairs on the keels. Stamens,
cylindric acuminate curved, three, yellow ; base cordate, l inch
long ; filaments pink. Capsule cup-shaped turbinate, j inch
long, with a few hairs on conical bases. Valves short rounded ;
pedicel nearly ^ inch long, thickened, triquetrous with de-
current bosses from which rise hairs ; peduncle 1 inch long,
triquetrous above, with similar processes. Telom and Gunong
Berumbau, 3,000-6,000 feet altitude, covering the banks. A
pretty plant with its velvety bright gi'een flowers and large
pink or white flowers.
A more slender form rooting at the nodes. Leaves less hairy,
lanceolate ovate ; peduncles of flower more slender. Banks
at Telom and in the Ulu Batang Padang.
68. S. CAl'lTATA, Sfd})/.
This plant, described from specimens collected on Gunong Batu
Puteh, is somewhat variable in foliage. In the type the
leaves are obovate, elliptic or oblong, with a short stout
petiole. The Telom plants differ in the length of the petiole
and the form of the leaf, and may be described as a
variety.
*S'. aqntahi var. lorujijietiohda. Leaves quite glabrous above,
lanceolate acuminate to ovate acuminate, 6 inches long, and
2^-3 inches wide ; petiole slender, 3-4 inches long. Petals
red and white. Stamens yellow. Telom, in forests by
streams, Nov. 21-08.
Some plants gathered in different spots were very much weaker
with narrow leaves ; the petiole and peduncles crimson hairy,
and the fruits densely hairy muricate, but otherwise they
resembled the local plant.
69. S. KEPENS, Siapf.
Telom, on the ridge Ijehiud the camp at an altitude of about
4,000 feet. Flowers white. This seems to be confined to
Perak, occurring also on the Taiping Hills, and Bujang
Malacca (oddly localised by Stapf. in the " Materials for the
Flora of the Malay Per.insula," all through the article as
"Malacca; Bujang").
19
7U. fc>. c.KsiA, Sfapf.
Telom, banks uftlie .stream, iiut vt-n al>uu(Jaiit. Fliiwerr, wliit**,
Stapf. gives them as pink. Apparenth' jKH-uliar U> IVrak
aud this locality. Wniy ubtaiiit-.l it at Ouik.iii,' Ilatu I'ult-h.
71. PHYLLAtiATHIS HISl'ID.V, KiiiiJ.
Abuudaut above Teloiu au<l <>n (Juii«.ii;4 llfniiiib.ui. In Irml ul
this time. It is common in th'' hills ul' IVrak and I'aluiiiij.
72. Ph. kotundifolia, BI.
Common in theTapah forests and in the Batiiu*^' Tadauu vullev
up to the border line of Pahanij, but not seen anywhen- in
Telom, or its neighbourhood.
It is common in the forests of the plains from Johoiv,
« northward, also in Uurmah, Sumatra aud Java.
73. Makumia nemorosa, BI.
Telom, near the river, ronuiion and widely distrilmte«l iu the
Peninsula. Sumatra and IVirueo.
74. Anplec'trum i'All?:ns, BI.
Ulu Bataug I'adang.
75. L)lSSOCH-«TA PALLIDA, BI.
At Telom. The form here, as at high allitu-les iu the TuipiuK'
Hills, differs from the form in the plains in its l.-avcs en.liiig
al)ruptly in a long point 1 inch in length. 1 should tak*- it to
be the Sumatran D. nioufaua. Cogn.. but the stuineus an- of
full si/e and not short a>; in that .si.eeies.
7Q. MeDINILLA PENDl'LIFLUKA, *' . x^'-
A large epiphvtic shrub, branches four angled. Ia-uvcs «es«ile in
pairs, ovate acuminate, tleshy, with a single i«iir of m-rvi-*
running to the apex from the base and an intni-marginal i«nr
verv close to the margin. (> inches long. 21 m.l»^ «id.-.
Inflorescence uml.ellatc on a long slender iKnluncle. G-H imb."-
long, with live or si.x branches at the fud : the brunche-
slender, Hexuous, and o.va.sionally bran.h.'d agiiiii. M!- ••««•••
long, angled, and U'aring one to thrif llowrs. Flowcn. on
pedicels \ inch long, pure white and fnigniut. CaU x cupiiUr
with a short raised cd:,'e undulate, with six bhu'k ^poU ( wbt-n
drv) n.arking the sepaL. Corolla IoIh-s five. oIk^vhU'. «.lb
a broad base rounded at the til*. !, iu^l» l""h'- ^'*"'-'>"
10, all similar, little shorter than the i»etal.>*. 1
short and anthers long curved aeuminate. U«o i
shortlv into a blunt-biloU-d pnH-ess. a low triaUKn-br L«-l en
the back, ending in a short .tniight in-int. btyU- .horter,
slender, cvlindrie. Sti-uM capitate.
20
GrUDon<4- Berumbau at 6,000 feet elevation
This is a most exquisite plant. Its long hanging peduncles, with
pure white deliciously fragrant flowers, would make it attrac-
tive anywhere. Only one plant was seen on a tree overhang-
ing the track up Gnnong Berumban. Its nearest ally in the
Peninsula is M. jjemkensls, King.
77. M. VENUSTA, King.
Common at Telom, on trees by the river. A large- spreading
shrub. Flowers white.
78. M. CBASSINERVIA, Bl.
On a tree by the Batang Padang River.
7!:>. Pachycentria tuberculata, Kvrtli.
Telom, un trees by the camp.
Disirih. — Tenasserini and Borneo, not rare in the Peninsula.
BEGOXIACE.E.
80. Begonia (§ Casparya) Roxburuhii, Dc,
Stem about 6 feet tall, stent succulent glabrous, dull red.
Leaves lanceolate acuminate, with a long point, base unequally
cordate, margin sparingly toothed, 6-8 inches long, 2 inches
Avide, longest lobe of leaf rounded, |-| inch long, glabrous,
light green ; nerves five short ones from the base, the upper
ones from the midiib. Flowers in clusters on short axillary
peduncles, ] inch long, few, white ; male \ inch across.
Sepals two, ovate obtuse. Petals two, equally large, obovate.
Stamens numerous in a head ; filaments distinct half the
length of the linear oblong blunt, not apiculatc anther.
Females, sepals and petals as in male, ovary bluntly trigonous.
Stigmas two, each bilobed with spirally-twisted linear lubes.
Fruit green-pulpy, ^ inch long, trilobed, lubes rounded
at the bank not winged, but with a ridge ending in a short
blunt process. Seeds minute brown, with few large oblong
reticulations.
Tolom Woods, also Giuting Bidei in Selaugor.
Distrib. — Nepal, Buriuah and Assam.
This is the first of the fleshy-fruited Begonias from the
Peninsula. I cannot distinguish it from the Indian B. Box-
hiinilii! (of which, however, I have seen no specimens) excej)t
that the leaf is lanceolate rather than ovate.
81. B. CARNOSULA, It. S2).
A succulent acaulescent plant, with a creeping rhizome. Leaves
ovate cordate, oblique, the lobes almost or quite equal short
rounded with an entire margin, 4-5 inches long, 3-4
inches wide; nerves six from the base of the leaf, the two
21
ceutralouos soon l>ruii(liiii»,^ iv.l Iiairv. oth.-rwiM- tin* plant in
glabrous succulent light green (drying vi-rv thin iiu.l Hii.-.i,l) ;
petiole 3-5 inches long. glahn.iiH. Pr-iuiK-l.' axillarv. ."i-?
inches long, glabrous, with i»nt> or two l)ran«'h<'H. I inch hmg
at the top. Flowers whito. Males with two very thin oModk
obovate sepals, ^% inch long. Petals two, linear oblong, uiuch
narrower. Stamens in a globular ball on a inMlunt-!.- t,i ••«|uul
length; filaments distinct, as long as the anther. Antlu-ni
spathulate obtuse truncate. Femah's not .sc<-ii. Fruit thrw
winged, i inch long, one wing larger, roundfd. \ in. h ncruwM,
the others much narrc)W('r.
Ulu Batang Padang, growing on muddy sloi>eH of the hill hide
in thick forest.
This pretty species is evidently near B. ihhUii, King, of wliich
I have seen no specimens, differing in the fonn of the hiif;
petals very different from the sepals. <lifferent form of thf
anthers, which are borne on a cylindric fN-diuicli'. and th.-
posterior fruit wing rounded, semi-ovate not oblong.
82. B. PE^.CLARA. King, Mat. Fl. Mai. Pen., 13.68 (594) lf><>2.
B. decora, Sfapf., Ke>r Bull, 1893, 20.
A beautiful plant with deep green or purj.h- re<l Ipave^. niarko^l
along the veins with lighter coloiu*. usually n^l undiTin-iith
and hairv all over, very variable in colour and al»o in siw.
The flowers vary in size. In some the petals ar.' only \
inch long, in others 1 inch long pure white or in n^X forniB
pinkish. King describes his plant as having " a few .scatterwl
hairs on the nerves Wneath" and the jK'tioles ax having " ii
few flexuose hairs near the apex." The Teloni plant i.s d.-nwly
red hairv on thenervesliencath.and thepetiol«MH alsover^- liair> .
The sepals are ^-1 inch long and f int-h wide; jx'tnlH ovftt«\
smaller. The stamens are spathulato obtus.- in lif.-. showing
no distinct filament. It is abundant in the T.'lum w.xhIh.
I cannot separatethis plant from B. fhcnrn. Stapf.. u plant obtain-
ed by Mr. Curtis in tli.' Lankawi Islands and s<'nt to M.'mp«.
Veitch's Estal)lishmeut in 1891 or lH92. It was exhibit.-.! at
one of the Horticultural Shows in London us Ii. hirKtt,,, but
the identification was shown to Ih' frron.'..us and it wa»
called B. decoru. No des( ription was ever pnbli«he«l of it to
far as I can make out. but in the list of n.-w plan;** of tlu*
vear, published in the " K.nv Bull.-tin " alxnv .,uof.^l. th.' namr
with a few lines about it. is given, and the Kvality i* given m
Perak. It was under cultivation under the name of U «/«-.'r.i
in the Singapore Botanic Uardms in 1891. b.it did .mt.
In \h^^ Index Kewensh it is put d..wn as a (bird.-n HtItuI. and.
perhaps on account oi this error, was not mentioned by
Dr Kino iu the •Materials" und.T the name B. <lecon».
22
A siniilcir fiite iK'iVll Bcyoitia Rajali, a native of Tivngyuuii.
I have retained Di'. King's name B. ptwchiro, as Stapf.'s
B. decora is ])racticallj a nomen muJum. To add to the cou-
f vision there is another Begonia decora from Brazil, mentioned
in the Supplement to "Nicholson's Gardener's Dictionary."
83. B. VENUSTA, King.
Wliat I take to be this species with beautiful white flowers,
3 inches across, occui'red on the flat plain, north of Grunong
Berumban.
84. B. PAVONINA, V. Sj).
Ehizome creeping red, short. Leaves ovate cordate acuminate,
or acute, base unequally lolied, lobes rounded, margin entire,
glabrous, except when very young, when they are sparingly
ciliate on the edge ; nerves nine, including the midrib from the
base of the leaf, 5 inches long, 4 inches wide, largest lobe,
1 inch long, light satiny green above when young, eventually
deep green shot with peacock blue, the whole leaf appearing
often of a superb blue, beneath red ; petiole, 7 inches long, red,
glabrous, succulent. Flowers few on a peduncle, 5-6 inches
long, and glabrous. Bracts linear oblong soon caducous.
Male flowers, sepals two ovate obtuse unequal (^ inch or
more long, | inch wide), white-tinted pink. Petals narrower,
linear, oblong obtuse, white, often tinted with pink, i inch
long, ^ inch wide. Stamens in a small sessile or very
shortly- stalked head, yellow; filaments slender distinct;
anthers olilong obtuse, slightly narrowed towards the base
(apiculate when dry). Female sepals two, ovate, white.
Petals two (rarely three). Styles two, separate about half
way down, divided above into two spiral arms, ovary three-
winged wings sul)equal. Fruit with two small and one
large elliptic wings.
Telom Woods, abundant.
A most beautiful plant, tlie leaves of which in most specimens
are of an exquisite peacock blue above and red beneath.
This colouring is not similar to the blue iridescence which
appears on Selaginella Willdenovii, Phyllagathis rohindifolia
and other plants in wet corners of woods, but seems to be
normal to this plant. The leaves, when young, are of a bright
light green, passing later into the l)right blue. The flowers
are 1 inch or more across.
85. B. EoBiNsoNii, n. sj).
Ehizome stout fleshy, ^ inch through, with ovate sheaths.
Leaves ovate subacute, base unequally lobed, lobes rounded,
3 inches long, 2 inches wide, rather fleshy, bright green quite
glal)rous, polished above, dull green beneath, margins entire ;
nerves five to seven from the liase, midrib not distinct, all
braiicliin^' low duw n ; ].r|i.,|,. ^rlal,rnii> -J iiicli.-^. l*.-l«iii. |.«
l-\ im-h lou^- from tlu' axil of a leaf, u.siiallv •,'liil.roiih. lir.u-lM
below the iutloresceuce two lar^,'c ovate griMMi, .', inch luut».
and nearly as wide, acule; male fiowerH, jKnlicel, | iu<-h lou^.
white. Sepals two, ovate obtuse, '^ iiirh loii^^, J inch wi<l<',
white. Petals two, oV)lon<^ obtuse nearly as lurj,'«?. .Stium-nH
capitate on a short cohunn, iilaments .short, as lonjjus the nhnrt
oblong' anther, connective short rounded olilon^.
Telom Woods, occasionally climbing a sliort way up tn-*'
ti'unks. This .species in a drie<l state niurh n"MMiil»l«*H
]}. 2>(ivoiiui<i, Imt is easily distinj^uished by it.s thirk rhi/ouu*,
more succident green leaves, and thf large Imu-tn iMTMiHtiu^
till after the flower opens. The ])t'f;ils in //. jiiii'ininn iin«
narrow«n' in })r(»portion to the se[)als, and the Hf|Hil.s niuru
distinctly acuminatt'.
l.YTinUCE/i:.
M. DUABANOA SONNERATIOIOKS, Hillll.
Fallen calyces of this tree were seen scattcrcl all over th»« Tfluiu
Woods up to about 4,000 feet altitu.lc.
Jllttfrih. — India.
S.\MYl~>ACE.'f;.
87. Casearia Kunstleri. King.
Telom Forest.
(TCrKBTTArE.K.
88. GrYNOSTEMMA PKDATA. Bl.
This elegant little climber was in tlow.'r. on ih.- tr.u-k to .I..r.
at about the 15th mile from Tapali
f.Mi!i:i,iJii:i!.i:.
89. Sanicula europo^v, L.
The Sanich" was abundant in aband-.ncd Sakai i-i.-Jirin^rs. Thi«
is the first record of th.- occurnMic ..f this plant in the Malay
Peniusula. It occurs in Run.]"' and throUKd. ten.|K'r.ite A-.u»
to the Himalayas. Java.
90. Hydrocotyle javanica. T/mnh.
Till a,]...; ..l.w,iiiii'< if Trlom it also (HVUPi in th«'
In aband<nied bakai i-le.inugs ai i.iom. n
Tiipim-- Hills and in India and Ceylon, m all tiie MaUv
islands^hi-h enouud. f-r it to the Philippine, and Auntn.ha
M! \l,l ACK.K.
91. ArALIDIUM PINNATIKIOIV. .V17.
Plants seen in the woods round the Telon, Cau.p. »"« in fl"«-^
abundant in the low country of ,he Peninsula, len.. ro„,mon ...
the hills.
Distrib. — Sumatra.
24
92. Heptapleurum lubidum, Kiikj.
Gunong Beriimbau at 6,000 feet elevation. It also occurs in
the Taiping Hills. The leaves are rather larger than
described by King, being often over 4 inches long and 1
inch across. The fniit which is undescribed I obtained on
the Taiping Hills. It is as large as a pea, five angled with
five flattened, half elliptic seeds.
Oo. H. CORIIFOLIUM, n. ,<!j).
Shrub stems pale wrinkled, rather stoiit. Leaves five, peiiolate
stiffly coriaeeons, petiole 3 inches long, leaflets unequal, elliptic
abruptly acuminate, 2-4 inches long, 1-2 inches across, midrib
on the back strongly elevated and wrinkled ; nerves 12 pairs,
distinct beneath and elevated in the upper surface ; petiole
1 inch long. Stipules large, coriaceous lanceolate obtuse,
nearly 1 inch long. Panicle shorter than the leaves, 2-3
inches long of two or three branches stout angled from a
short (} inch) thick peduncle. Branchlets short, 1 inch long,
ending in umbels of five or si.x; flowers ; pedicels very short, 1
line long ; calyx cupular with a thin-spreading margin. Buds
bluntly conic. Petals five, subtriangular with a broad base,
norrowed upwards to a rounded, tip, 1 line long. Stamens
five, as long Avith h.ng slender filaments and oblong anthers.
Styles in a short cone. Fruit l inch long, strongly five ribbed,
ovoid, crow^ned by the cone-shaped stigma. Guuong Berum-
l)an at 6,500 feet altitude. In flower and fruit.
Certainly allied to H. friste, King, of Ulu Batang Padang, but
that is described as trifoliolate with reflexed petals, and
narrow oblong fruit.
94. Trevesia palmata var. cheirantha, CJarlce.
Common in the Tahan Woods.
Dhfrih. — Malay Islands.
95. Dendropanax Maingayi, Kivg.
Gunong Berumban. Common on all the hill ranges at about
4,000 feet. Endemic.
9C^. Arthrophyllum montanum, n. s|».
A tall plant with the habit of A. dirersifoltuin. Leaves 2 or
more feet long, simj^lv pinnate ; leaflets about 12 pairs,
lanceolate acuminate, or linear lanceolate acuminate acute,
4-6 inches long, ^-1 inch across, thinly coriaceous drying pale ;
nerves three to four pairs, sunk above, elevated below ; petiole
] inch long. Umbels terminal on simple peduncles, -i- inch
across, crowded on the ends of a branch or on compound
umbels, primary peduncle 4 inch long, secondaries 1^-22
inches long, all glabrous. Flowers very small, 9-20 in
an iimliel ; pedicels ~ inch long. Calyx shallow undulate^
Petals very small, five, ovate triangular obtuse calyptrate.
Stamens five; filaincuts sK-iKltT. tliickcncil ut tin- Uw, 1..iij,it
than the anther; anther rt'uiforui. St vie whort c-onir. Kniit
1 inch loni,', crowned with tht* sinuute calyx au«l nhurt r..air
style, one celled, one seeded, ovoid j,'l<ibo.si'.
Gunong Beruniban at t),000 feet altitude. AIh«. Hiilu S«-iiKiHK'kc.,
Selangor, and on Gunont,' Khnlau^', Perak (Ki<lh-v, ^Ct><i).
Easily distinguished from ,1. iHrir^ifnlluni, <>i which it Iiun
the hahit by its narrower and iiiuclj smalh'r flowerx, mon>
coriaceous leaflets. In the Uunong Kh'<lang plant tin-
leaflets are very narrow, (5 inches long and ' in«h wiih-
The whole plant is <[uit<' glabrous. A. iHrfrni/oliiini, HI.
is a common plant in the low country, but A. mouUmum
appears only at high elevations. King descrilx^s the Kuvch
of A. divers if olivm, Bl., as bipinnate. I have never .s<'«'n any
bipinnate leaves on any Artfirtq'liijllitni. A. tlivt-rnijoHuui
is very common in Singapore, an abundant plant iu hoc^u-
dary growth and coming up everywhere, but all I hav«-
seen have simply pinnate leaves.
97. BrASSAIOPSIS PALMATA, KliriJ.
Telom, near the camp, and scattered about thr<>uudi tin' fon'sts.
It is common near Tapah.
Distrib. — India.
CORNACE^i:.
98. Mastixia propinqua, n. sp.
Branches brown when dry and gr<)ove<l. the inteniodes 1 in. h
or more long. Leaves ovate acute entiiv, ba.s*- slightly nar-
rowed, rounded, coriaceous glabrous alx»ve with iiiipr»'S'*«".l
nerves, paler beneath, the midril" ;iiid nervi-s niueh «'leviit«Nl.
the midrib puliendous, becoming at l«*iigth glabn.us. whole
leaf drying dark black above, whitish U-neath. '> in.h»'« loug.
2 inches -wide; petiole pubescent \ inch long. riiuiclo
shorter than the leaves, pubescent. Bracts lanceolate, hiugle
at the base of each branch, puK-scent. Flowers shortly
pedicelled with a pair of ovate lau.-eolate a»ute puU-mfUt
bracts, pedicel and ovary hairy. Calyx loU-s very nhort
pubescent. Petals ovate fleshy pulx'scent. (.utside glabn.u»
keeled within, four. Stamens four, anthers ovate cordate on
very short filaments. Dise fleshy, indi^^tinctly loU^l. nitl..-r
tall. Style stout, sti-ma Hat l.road.-r. ..Jw.un-Iy loU.,1.
Telom.
I think this must W' the plant n-fern-d f .. ,,s M sp. U) by Kin^ ••
distinct, but of which fruit only wa.-* obiain.-l by W my mnd
Kunstler at an ehvation of 3.«MK).:},4<K> f.vt iu Pen.k. It i«
certainlv close to M. }[mn<,,iyi. btit \h more gUbnnm. Kidk'
refers to the latter as to j^MitHmerous in the Synopi. and
in describing Wrav's plant, but des.riU-n if a. tetmmenv...
2r)
EUBIACE/l'L
99. Argostemma pictum, Wall.
Gunong Iran. Not rare m the Peninsula.
100. A. Yappii, King.
Teloni, in damp spots in the forest. The corolla is white like
that of other species, not green as in the " Materials."
Distrih. — Perak and Selangor (Semangko Pass).
101. A. ^:quifolia, Bidl. A. R'uUeyi, King.
At ^J'elom and on Gunong Beruniban. Except in the more
erect habit and rounder leaves with longer petioles, this is
quite like the Ophir plant, on which the species was based.
King overlooked the paper on wliich this species was de-
scribed — viz., Flora of Ophir, " Journ. Eoy. Asiat. >Soc. Straits
Branch," No. 35, p. 15.
102. A. INVOLUCRATUM, Hemsl.
Telom. A tall form.
103. A. HIRTUM, Ridl.
A. invoJncratuni var. mollis, King.
Telom. This species was also published in the paper mentioned
above. I think it is specifically distinct from the species
A. involvcrafnm, Herasl., which was described from plants
from the Taiping Hills.
104. A. SUBCRASSUM, King.
Telom.
105. A. LANCEOLATUM, n. S]).
A gucculent erect herb, 8 inches tall, simple or with a single
branch. Leaves very unequal, the larger lanceolate long
acuminate, the base usually less acuminate than the tip, mar-
gins subserrate or undulate with short thorn-like pi'ocesses,
above glabrous, beneath thickly sprinkled with short hairs,
and paler in colour ; nerves six to nine pairs, meeting in intra-
marginal loops, 4 inches long and \ inch wide or more, ovate
lanceolate, 3 inches long by 1^ inch wide ; petiole } inch long,
pubescent ; small leaf lanceolate, \ inch long, resembling the
stipule. Inflorescence terminal, of three umbellate cymes, on
a peduncle, |-1 inch long. Flowers about 12, nearly i
inch across white, all glabrous. Sepals ovate acute, very short,
yV inch long. Corolla lobes lanceate acuminate, narrow.
Stamens in a long cone, longer than the petals, with linear
lanceolate anthers, terminating in a long terminal process,
filaments very short. Fruit small cupular, ci-owned with the
very small calyx teeth, \ inch in length. Telom.
Allied to A.s7(bcrassum, King, but distinct in itspubescent leaves,
glabrous inflorescence and much smaller calvx lobes.
loo. A, VISOIDUM. II. .-y*.
A dwarf plaut, 4-t; iiicli.s \a\\. [jmws (..|ual uvaii. Uiir.-,,lui«-
entire obtuse, 1 1 iiu-h lonjr, ], iiu-h \vi<l... I.hh,. r..iiu.li-«l ;
petiole slondor, \ inch loii^', above ^'lal)r.)UH. luinuU-lv piihtuUr.
beneath similar but j)aler ami with the ncrveH coventl with
short viscid hairs. Stipules ovate herbaceouH, obtuw with u
few short hairs on the tip, ,',, inch lonfj, ^'rwn. Cvnif m.litar\
t«nninal, ;',' inch lon^', peduncle, nearly ', iu.-li l.m^. HrnctM
ovate hairv on the edj^e. Flowers about shortly iKNlii-t-Ue*!,
pedicells thickly white liairy. Calyx short, cupular tleuitf»ly
woolly hairy, lobes five, ovate obtuse, as lon^» hh the tuUv
Corolla lobes lanceate obtuse hairy, within n«-arly \ imh
long. Stamens anthers lanceolate acimiinate, connivent into
a cone, half the lenLfth of the petals, L,'lal'rous, style stojit aud
stigma globose, longer than th»' stamens. Capsule, \ iu<h
long, viscid hairy.
Telom Cascade, on rocks by the stream. This is allied to
A. Bequifolinm, Rid!., but erect or nearly so, with smaller
flowers, and peduncle shorter than the leaves. The whol««
plant appears to be very viscid as the saud in wliieh it wan
growing sticks thickly to the speciinens. 1 found v.-ry littli-
of it.
107. Hebtotis capitata, WhU.
Scrambling over Inishes by the river bank and in ;ib.md-'n«-l
clearings. Common all ovov the Peninsula.
108. H. STiPULATA, R. Br.
A small white-flowered plant, growing sometinns in maH«t4H on
rocks in the Telom Kiver. octMirs also .'Isewli. if in I'.T.ik. and
at Kota (xlanggi in Pahang.
Distrih. — India and Java.
109. H. MACROPHYLLA, WoU .
Telom. Occurs in Mahuva and Penang ( Widley. WW ). I hate
not seen a tvpe specimen. l)Ut I tliink tlie identifii-ation is
correct. The petiole is, how.-ver. louir-r (1 in. h I'Uii) than
in the description.
110. H. AURICULARIA, L.
On a high ridge between Telom and th.- Piitang P.-idan^r tailor.
Klossia, h. gfii.
A herb w'ith the habit of Ophiorrhiza. Sten> Hiinpli' or
branched, hairv. T^'aves herbactn.tis .'lliptie or laow^Uto
acuminate, in pairs. e,)nal. Stipules gn-^-n folinrc-nw or«t«.
acuminate, free. Intlores.em-e of s..venil thnv-tlowerwl cyme*
on an erect teminal pedunele. with ovate folia-o.im bmrl..
congesttHl into a small capitulum.. Cilyx short .^ipanuliUr.
with five blunt obovate loU's. Corolla white tubnUr. much
28
long'or than the calyx, lobes five, shorter than the tube.
Stamens four included; filaments long, but free only in the
upper part of the tube ; anther linear oblong. Style cylin-
dric, stigma of two large elliptic lobes. Capsule urn shaped,
two celled, many seeded, seeds subquadrate brown punctate.
One species in Malay Peninsula.
111. K. MONTANA, V. Sp,
Whole plant 6-18 inches tall, often branched, stem hairy.
Leaves elliptic to lanceolate acuminate, base narrowed to the
petiole, dark green above, whitish beneath, glabrous except
for a few scattered hairs above, beneath red scvirfy pubescent
on the nerves ; nerves 13 j^airs, conspicuovis beneath slender,
meeting in intra-marginal loops, 3| inches long, 1] inch wide ;
petiole red hairy, \-\ inch long. Stipules, \ inch long, ovate
cuspidate foliaceous, green. Peduncle red hairy, H inch
long. Cymes three flowered, several in a head, with ovate green
]»racts glabrous. Calyx campanulate glabrous lobes five,
obovate and unec^uals deeply separated green. Corolla, \ inch
long, glabrous white, tube narrowed in the middle dilate
upwards, hairy in the mouth, lobes short. Stamens four;
filaments running along the tube w^all and adnate to it for
most of their length ; anthers fairly large. Style and stigma
nearly as long as the stamens. Capsule, \ inch long, glab-
rous. Disc elevated.
Telom, abundant in the forests in wet spots by streams. Also
met with in Selaugor at Ginting Bidei, and on Bukit Hitam
(Ridley, 7411), and on the Track to Semangko Pass from
Kuala Kubu.
This cannot, I think, be referred to Hedyotis, though it somewhat
resembles H. stijmlata on account of the form of the corolla ;
the stipules and bracts are peculiar, lieing quite foliaceous.
In habit it resembles Ophiorrhiza, but the capsule is different.
112. Ophiorehiza brubescens, Wall.
Telom and Gunong Berumban.
I take this to be the plant intended by King in his description ;
but a plant distributed by him under this name (Perak
Kunstler, 5853) and quoted in the "Materials" is a small
plant with hairy leaf margins, and not a completely glabrous
plant except for the inflorescence, as he describes 0. erubes-
cens. The Telom plant is our largest species, tall with broad
glabrous leaves. Flowers, | inch long, white, and large
capsules. It occurs also in Penang.
ervbescevs is also a native of Burmah.
113. 0. HISPIDULA, Wall,
Telom.
2'. I
114. O. MUNa(^;s, L.
Teloiii. It' all the plauU I'n.in iii.lia. (.'•■sl..ii aii-l the MaUv
Peninsula that are classed as O. iiiiiiujoh, ],.. aiv HiH-<'iticullv
identical, the plant is indeed, as Kin;,' savs, vorv vuriablo.
115. 0. KUGOSA, Wall.
On Grunony Beruniban an<l in the I5atang Padiuif^ valh-v.
Bistrib. — Himalayas.
116. AdENOSACME LANCEOLA.TA, ii.\-<ji.
Shrublet, about 2 feet tall, stem -,dal»r<nis pale, sliiniu-,,' witli
distant nodes. Leaves few terminal laneenlate ai-inniuiitt*,
narrowed gradually at the base, 8 inches li>u<^'. '1\ iinju-h wide
or less, herbaceous entire glabrous except that the )iii«lrib <>\\
the back is scabrid ; nerves Iti pairs, visil>Ie alx>vi-. i-unhpicu<>u»
beneath, ascendinj^ to the margin, b-rniinic iiitra-umr^'inal
loops; petiole 1 inch luni,'. Flowers in lax, cymes fruni the
nodes of the bare part of the stem tw«j or three toj,'ether;
peduncles slender, \ inch loni;, beariii'^' each thre*.' |je<lic<>l«,
each with one or two flowers : pedicels [ iiuh lonj; ; all
pubescent. Bracts linear acimiiuate, ,'„ inch louj;. Calyx
cupular, j\; inch lony, with five to six linear acnniiiiate IoIu'm.
scabrid. Corolla yellow, tube slender cylindric, \ in«h Ion;;,
lobes five, short oblong ovate, all *;labrous, but tiil>e hli^ditly
scabrid. Stamens five, in the mouth of the UxW anthers
oblong, almost sessile. Style stout as lung a« tlie staiueus.
stigma bilobed lobes broad ellii)tic. Fruit. \ inch h-ug.
subglobose, crowned with the sepals.
Telom, damp spots by the streams. This Ix'lougs to the group
of A. Sforf echini!. King and CTand»le. l>iit is a more sjouder
plant, with very ditterent leaves.
117. A. ILAVA, //. SJJ.
Shrub, 2 or 3 feet tall, stem woody, h.dlow ; inch throu-h.
leafy only at the tip. Leaves thin oJM.vate. abrupth mimu-
uate, narrowed gradually to the base. 12 inches louu. 5
inches wide or less, ghibrous above, midrib and nerves nifous.
hairy beneath ; nerves about \o pairs, n.-arly stniight. met-ting
within the margin, nervules nearly vertical. Cynun nhi-rl.
pubescent on the old w.kkI cn.wded. aU.tit 1 inch long;
pedicels short. Calyx urn shaiK-d. with tive lancoate riwpi.
date teeth nearlv as long as the tuln-. puU-Mvut. .\. im'h
long. Corolla yellow, cylindric dilated ab..ve pid-^-mt-nt. h.iir>
outside and in, loV)es four, obhmgrouude.1. little shorter thun
the tube. Stamens five, anthers linear obloug in the uiouth
of the tube. Stvle short, stniight. hairy ut tlio W.
Stigmas two, fihform. Telmn woods by stmi.n UuA.. Thi.
plant is certainlv aUied to and resembles A Sr..Hrrk,m„.
Kin.-, but I think it must Vh; distiuguis^hcil. The Howon lu
30
A. Iviujlfolia, Wall., are di- or triiuorpliic iu the matter of
stameus aud style, aud it may so be iu Scortechinii. In
that species the stamens are sessile in the base of the tube
and the style five armed. In this the stamens are in the tube
mouth aud the style arms two. The Scortechinii group
require careful study in the woods, but unfortunately they
are l>y no means common.
118. Ukoi'HYLLUM trifuroum. Pears.
Telom Camp. A large shrub, with large showy orange-coloured
fruits.
ll'J. U. MACROPHYLLUM, Kovth.
Forests at Telom.
120. Braohytome Scortechinii, Kimj and Gamble.
Flowers small, Avhite. Telom on the banks of a stream above
the camp.
GrARDBNiA (§ Uardeniella), new section.
DAvarf shrublets, little or not branched, unarmed, often pubes-
cent. Leaves opposite, stipules ovate, ending in slender
points. Flowers one to three on short peduncles from the
lower part of the stem beloAV the leaves (i.e., where the leaves
have fallen). Calyx tube cylindrie, slender, lobes very
narrow setaceous. Corolla tube elongate, gradually dilating
upwards, green or creamy yellow with red spots. Stamens
included, forming a cone round the style. Capsule elongate
cylindrie, narrow, pendulous, crowned with the narrow
linear sepals. Seeds numerous, minute, oblong, not fiatteu-
ed, pustulate. Species three. Malay Peninsula.
The plants of this section are so utterly unlike those of a
typical Gardenia that were it not for a connecting link in
the form of Gardenia tentaculata, Hook, fil., one would
have no hesitation in proposing a new genus for them. The
plants have the habit of a Didy^nocarpus or Didissandra.
The flowers borne below the leaves, on the lower bare part of
the stem, are of fairly large size, yellow to green with piiik
streaks, gradually dilated upwards after tlie manner of
(r. Kotltni<(nniii, but much smaller. The stamens aud style
are those of a typical Gardenia, but the fruit is long slender
and cylindrie with innumerable dry seeds of a minute size,
rounded oblong, and pustulate. This form of seed is quite
chai'acteristic of the small half shrubby plants which grow on
the hill slopes in the Malay forests, such seeds being dispersed
by rain water. Gardenia tentacidata. Hook, fil., is a bush
Avhich grows in tidal mud, on most of our rivers, and is
referred to the section Bofhmannia by Hooker. It resembles
these hill plants, in its green red-spotted flowers borne
in the lower axils of the branches, the shape of the corolla
and uariuw sfpals. its I'niil, liuweviT. i.s sw..lU-u an.l ..blouj,'.
resembling; that uf tspkal aari/ftiius ; an.l it.s wv-lh are imirli
laryer ami Hatteued, l)ul like tLdse of (i. pidclnUa are Wrowii
and pustular, it heiug a j-laiil u husc sttMl« are di«iKTHc«.l
l)y water.
121. Gardenia ( § (jrardeuielia) I'ULcuella, n. xji.
A shrublet, -nitli a woody erect stem, aljoiit 2 IVet tall or le*i*,
^4 iii^li throutjli, hrowu. liairv. Leavi-s thin ol.lan.c.,hit««.
subacute or acuminate, glabrous abo\e, pulx'scent on the
nerves beneath ; nerves seven to nine pairs, InconKpicunus
above, elevated beneath, asceudiu'^' },'radually to tin- niaryiu.
G-7 inches long, 2;l-8 inches wide: petiole T, in.-h long.
Internodes lo-2 inches long. Stipules large, ovate, ending
in a number of setaceous points, \ inch long. Flowern
solitary or three or more on a short J-incli pedumle from a
leaf axil on the denuded base of the stem. Pediit-js vi-ry
slender, li-2^ inches long, pubescent. Calyx tulK* Nlendcr,
cylindric, about 1 inch long, lobes linear acute, l-l inch,
green, pubescent. Corolla 2:^ inches long, ba.se cylindric
slender, gradiially dilated upwards to the limb, which is
J inch across, live lobes, short rounded, creamy white
outside, densely spotted streaked with red inside, tips of lolich
cream Avith a violet spot at the apex, all ghibrous. Staimiis
included, fuscous, connivent : filaments long, slender, frev
nearly to base ; anthers linear acuminate. Style short thick,
stigma clubbed. Capsule pendulous, cylimlric. obsctirelv
angled, glabrous, 1! inch long, i inch through. .•rowne«l with
the sepals, two celled, seeds oblong-pustular brown minute,
very numerous.
Common on banks at Telom.
This curious and pretty plant is certainly e\livm.-ly unlike »
typical Gardenia and very different from (i. lintlumtnnu,.
Tliuub., the type of the section. In niiiny point.s, hourvi-r.
it is closely allied to G. tentuculaia. Hook. fil.. a comiin»u
tidal swamp plant, especially resentbling it in it.s >«nmll
size, a.\illary flowers from old leaf axils, its long narn-w
sepals, and' the colour of its Howers. The long hlmdir
capsule with its oblong rounded se.ds. an-l elougiite ...n-Ili
tube, however, separate it widely from that »\nxiv». Weiv
it not for this connecting link one would a-rtainly pn.|M.«>
a distinct genus for this plant and its allies. I h«Tc
met with two other si.eiies of this sivtion u. the IVnu.^n!...
one of which Pearson uameil Acntnthvra dnlym.KorpHt. but I
cannot find that anv description of it w,ui piiblii»he.|. TImj
.renus Arranthn^K h<.wevcr. contains only i.lanl-H with .tn.ogly-
peduncled terminal .n mes. and is alli.^l t- .V«..... ..,/,.. to
which genus one si^rics ha-, l-een r^-brnil.
82
122. Gr. DIDYMOCABPUS, H. SJ).
Acranthera didymocarpus, Pearson MSS.
Shrublet, with a stem 2 or 3 inches tall, tleiisely hairy. Leaves
ol)lony, or ol)loug- ovate acuminate, narrowed slightly at the
base, hairy all over with long soft hairs, especially on the
margins and keels ; nerves inconspicuous above, 7 to 10
pairs, 6-7 inches long, 2 inches wide ; petiole 1 inch long
or less. Stipules lanceolate acute, densely hairy. Flowers
from the bare part of the stem solitary or in threes, Avith four
or live linear acuminate hairy bracts, j inch long, on the
very short peduncle. Calyx lobes five or six linear acuminate,
1 inch long, hairy. Corolla campanulate, base of tube shortly
cylindric, then dilating hairy outside and especially on the
edges of the lobes, 2 inches long and over 1 inch across,
yellow with pink spots in the tube, lobes rounded five or six.
Stamens connivent, included five or six, anthers linear, ^ inch
long, filaments as long. Style thick, stigma fusif<->rm. Capsule
nearly 1 inch long, cylindric hairy on i-inch pedicel and
crowned with the long persistent sepals.
Sclangor at Gintiug Bidei, and Bukit Kutu at 2,000-3,000 feet
altitude (Ridley, 7573), and on the Raujb track at the 15th
mile from Kuala Kubu.
123. G. viRESCKNs, n. .^p.
Stem woody over 1 foot tall, scabrid hairy on the young parts.
Leaves in remote pairs, thin, broadly lanceolate or elliptic
lanceolate, 5-6 inches long, 2 inches wide, glabrous above
except for some scattered fugacious very small hairs, beneath
shortly scabrid hairy on the nerves and midrib ; eight pairs of
nerves ; petiole 1 inch long, slender, glabrous. Stipules ovate
fringed with long jDoints, j inch long. Flowers solitary or in
pairs from the axils, usually below the leaves. Peduncles,
l-j_ inch long, slender, scurfy hairy. Calyx lobes linear,
acuminate, scurfy hairy, t. inch long. Coi'olla tube, 2 inches
long, glabrous, cylindric for nearly half its length, then dilated
mouth I inch across, lobes short, undulate, green with pink
spots. Stamens H inch long.
Perak, Taiping Hills, near the " Cottage," only a single plant
seen in 1891.
124. TiMONIUS BIFFUSUS, n. S2>.
A big tree, much branched with slender twigs. Leaves thin
glabrous, broadly lanceolate acuminate, almost equally acumi-
nate at both ends, 4-6 inches long, 2 inches wide ; nerves eight
pairs, curved up to the margin, slender, most conspicuous on
the lower surface ; petiole f inch long. Stipules linear acumi-
nate, cuspidato, vorv nam>w, ', iiuli l.-n^'. Cviiu'h vr^rv Ins
and slender; poduiu-le 2, imh |,.ii^', lilit'onn, ulaliruUM ;
branches few, very sloii Icr, 1 ur 2 iinlieH lou^^. Flowfn*
sessile at the fork and ends of the cviiic-linincli. Mal<* Hower,
calyx funnel shnped. with tivf '^liurt tfctli. ,',, im-li l«>in»,
glabrous. Corolla tube sleuder cyliiulric, a httle ovi-r i
inch loDg, pubescent, yellow, lobes four, short uhtiiMV
lanceolate, pubescent, not a (juarter of the leu^h of the
tube. Stamens four, long narrow, linear almost HrHsili-.
Femaleflower on solitary axillary jietliccls, \\ int-h h>iv^, ], iu<h
wide, ovary obovate, gla1)rons. Calyx lol)e8 four, vt'ry Hhort.
ovate. Corolla j\, inch long, sillcy tonientose. Iol)es art lonj;
as the tul)e, ovate, short, foiu-, Heshy, chaniH'lIi-d inHid*-.
Staminodes tliin flat four. Style short thi.-k. Sti-^uui l>i-
lobcd, lobes fleshy. Fruit ] inch long, ovoi-l -lobnsc. t..|. fl.^t.
four lobed.
Teloni, very common in forests. A big tree fi >r a Timon inn. Th.*
plant is evidently allied to T. Icu-ii^, King and (iaml.ii', hut
differs in its being almost completely glabrous, with thp
corolla tube of the male flower only sliglitly pul.e.sr«'nt out.
side and quite >ilal)rous within, and with vt'ry shcrt 1o1n>.s in
|m.].ortion to llic tube. On one cyme 1 fiii<l the H..\vi-r
replaced l\v a rosette of lam-eolate leaves, the lon---' -m. 1.
long, strongly hairy on the edges and keej.
V2!'). Webera purx'HRA, /;. ■'<i>.
A lar^-e-spreading shrub. Leaves br-.adly lane.^.hite or oblftn-
ceoFate to nearlv obovate, rather ahruj-tly a.-..uunat... kinc
cuueate or crraduallv acuminate, thin ( .Irving hhuk ). udaLr-uiH.
3-9 inches long, \-U iuches broad: nervs 12 to 14 p.un..
slender gracefully curved, elevated on both si.les when dr>- ;
petiole f inch long. Stipules stilY. bnear. . 'J^'' ' . '""K^-
Panicles lax spreading, of four or five l.ranelu^s. 1 ,-1 .n.-h.^
lono- on a peduncle of 1 inch long or U-ss. in.ar.ng lax tennuml
cvmes about 1 iueh long; flowers on short jH^luvb , inch
i;>no-. Bu.ls cvlindric, ! inch long. Calyx campanulate w.th
• four short points, - inch long. Corolla wlnte .u.-^. o^
the tube slightly dilated upwards, ; u.ch long. h.U-n hn.^
oblon^^ a little longer, all glabrous, except for a nug of .h.U^
ha r in the mouth. Sta.uens exserted. authe.-s bnear. narn.w
^^^ - -^/t;ut•"rh :;:^;^:
:::p^St;:rfu!rdun:;:;.:e.„. sj^.ui.h.....it..«n
excavate base.
l.v the cascade. Its affinity .see„,s to 1. w.th l» . yn.m/.y ••
34
12(>. W. RAIJCINA, v. SJh
A large shrub. Leaves elongate, lanceolate, narrow acuminate,
almost e(junlly to lioth ends, glabrous; nerves eight pairs,
ascending and ending in loops at the margins, 6-8 inches long,
1-H inch wide; petiole winged for most of its length, ~ inch
long. Stipules lanceolate obtuse, cymes axillary oj^posite ;
peduncle 3 inches long; branches few, slender, I. inch long;
pedicels very slender, filiform, H inch long, bearing a single
wliite flower. Calyx tube obconic, minutely pubescent, limb
sho)-ter, nearly entire, cup shaped, I inch long, glabrous.
Corolla white, | inch long, base dilate shortly, tube abruptly
narrowed, lobes wider, linear oblong, four, glaln'ous subobtuse,
longer than the tube. Stamens four, anthers long, linear
nearly as long as the corolla lolies, apiculate. Style stout,
puliescent, almost as long as the stamens. Stigma bilobed,
lobes elliptic, flat. Fruit glol^ose ovoid, | inch long, seeds
two. Telom Water-fall. An elegant slirul) remarkable for
its long narrow leaves and diffuse cymes.
127. W. Napierii. v. ><2k
A shrub. Leaves elongate, lanceolate acuminate, narrowed to
the base, thinly coriaceous, glabrous above, hairy beneath,
especially on the nerves and nervules, 7-12 inches long, 2^-4
inches wide ; nerves 8 to 12 pairs, elevated on the lower
surface; petiole 1:1-2 inches long, hairy. Stipules triangular
acute, hairy, | inch long. Peduncle 6-8 inches long,
pendulous, bearing at the end about four cymes, compact
in a head, 1 inch long (more lax in fruit), very hairy. Calyx
five lolled, densely covered with hairs. Corolla white, h
inch long, hairy, lobes four oblong obtuse, about half the
length of the tube. Stamens foiir as long as the lobes,
glabrous, antliers linear apiculate. Style much longer than
the corolla. Stigma very slender narrowed at both ends.
Fruit globose, greenish grey.
Negi'i Seml)ilan at Bukit Tanga, near Seremban (W. CI. Napier),
Telom (in fruit).
This species is most nearly allied to W. longifolia, Hook, fil.,
differing in its much larger and more hairy leaves, and long
hairy peduncle beai'ing densely clustered hairy cymes. The
only flowering specimen I have seen was obtained by Sir
W. (jr. Napier, who made a small collection of plants near
Sereml)an, after whom I name the plant.
128. IXORA GRANDIFOLIA var. ARBORESCENS.
Slopes of Cunong Eerumban. A tree with smaller leaves than
usual in this sjiecies.
12il. T. PENDULA. Willi.
Near Teloni Camp. A slinil. with th.' .•.,r..|l.i iuIm- |,ii,k an.l
the lobes white. Tlie leaves are hn.a.lor aii.l ibiuu.T than iu
the coimiKui low-couiitrv l.>nii.
130. P.^^.DKRIA VERTICILLATA, Jit.
On the road side at llie 12th mile from Tapah. Th- flowt-ni
only in bml, tlie whole flower spray of u ritli ^W], purpli*.
Not rav.' all <.v<r iho Peiiin.siila ami in Tionico.
131. SaPROSMA ScORTECHINir, KilliJ ami (htmlilr.
Woods at Telom. in flower and fniit.
V-Vl. HtdNOPHYTUM FORAriCARU'M, Jiich.
Teloin, a mile from tin' camp, towards niLiiiu' P.il.iif«' A
narrow-lfMveil fonn.
133. Geophila reniformis, Jjun.
Ulu Bataug- Padant,'.
Di-<trih. — Moist of the tropics.
134. LaSIANTHUS MYRTIFOLIUS, H. «j).
A tall shrub, lower part of the branches pale, yonn^for [Nirtt
pubescent, dryint^ black, branches slender. Leaves coriai-ttMi-H
lanceolate acuminate, base cuneate, nerves and nen-iiltii
elevated on lioth surfaces, fjlabrou.'?, shinintr alwve ; nonrw
beneath (much raised) pubescent, l-\ inch lon^'. I to nearly
i inch wide : petiole pul>esient, ^\, incli loni,'. Stipules i*hort«T.
acuminate, pubescent. Flowers very small, one or two N*>Hi«il«>
in the axil of a leaf. Bracts minute, ovato. C'»Iyx very
short, pubescent, campanulate, four Iol>e<l. loU»« .nhort. blunt
four. Corolla \ inch lou^', white, cylindric. with four line«»r
lobes, obtuse, pubescent without, and white hairy within,
lobes shorter than the tiil>e. Stamens foiu*. uutherH nearly
sessile, oblong with two short points at the l»n«*. St\le
shorter than corolla tiil»e. rather stout. 8ti^nn»i^ very minute.
Telom Ridge at o.nOO feet. A very distinct plant in hat»it and
foliage.
135. L. SALICIFOLIUS. u. .»•/).
Bush, branches ^lender. thickly c.v.r.^l with feltM liair.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, endini? in a Ima |)«>int. U«o
shoi-tly narrowed suKMUieate or ri>un'l' ••
drving black, pale olivaceous In-neat h. u • I"*
the midrib and veins covered with vellow Imir... ei.-rly
appressed l>eneath. midril». nerves and nervn'. - • '- ■•-'
deuselv vellow liairv ; nerves awendinir IH pai
hmg, '\ inch wide: ix-tiole { iueli lon^'. luiiry .-n^ui..
86
hairv. Flowers one or two axillary, sessile. Calyx campanii-
late, -,V inch long, with iive acute points, liairy. Corolla j'^-
inch long, liairy, dilated at the base, narrowed upwards,
limb dilated with five ovate lobes, much shorter than the
tube. Fruit globose, hairy, | inch long, crowned with the
sepals. Telom Ridge.
loG. L. KHINOCEEOTIS, BJ.
A large shrub or almost a tree, the l)iggcst species I know.
The flowers are pale rose-pinlc. All the other species in the
Peninsida have white flowers.
1:37. L. coNSPicuus, v. sp.
Shrub, about 6 feet tall, glalirous. Loaves lanceolate or oblong
lanceolate, abruptly acuminate, wdth a broad base, very shortly
narrowed, 5-7 inches long, l7r-2 inches wide, thin textured,
drying dark brown or black ; nerves inconsiDicuous above,
elevated beneath, eight or nine pairs, gradually ascending
to the margin, not meeting in loops ; petiole ,\j inch long.
Stipules small lanceate, base broad. Bracts linear glalirous.
Cymes shorter than the petioles or little longer. Flowers
several. Calyx campanulate, hardly toothed. Corolla white
cylindric. I inch long, lobes five nearly half as long as
the tulie, all glal^rous. except the strong tuft of white hairs in
the mouth. Fruit small ovoid, ] inch long, crowned by the
five-toothed calyx, pyrenes five.
Telom, common and conspicuous in the forests from its quite
large showy white flowers.
This resembles L. Lowianus, but has a totally different vena-
tion of the leaves, the shape and petiole of which are quite
different and the fruit is not angled and has five pyrenes.
IHS. L. HIRTUS, n. si^.
Shrub, branches densely hairy, with brown hairs. Leaves
lanceolate acuminate, with a long point, nearly sessile, 4-4i
inches long, ^-1 inch long, hairy on both sui'faces ; nerves 10
pairs, indistinct above and impressed, midrib fringed with
long yellow hairs, and the rest of the leaf covered nither
thickly with yellow hairs, beneath nerves elevated, nervules
conspicuous, all liairy : petiole J^-j inch hairy. Cymes
shorter than petiole, densely hairy. Stipules lanceolate
acute hairy and stip])ed with longer hairs. Calyx lobes five,
densely hairy. Corolla not seen. Fruit small, y^ inch long,
hairy at first eventually glabrous, crowned by the densely
hairy sepals, pyrenes four.
Telom Forests.
This sjecies is near L. (hiixifo'llii!^.
lo!*. L. I'KKAKKNSIS, Khi'l mill (ImiiUlr.
IVIuin.
14-0. L. Lo^\i\i<vs, Ktiiij ami (JiiJiiblv.
Telmu.
141. L. (§ LiTOSANTHESj (iKACIMS, K'liijinul iininhli.
Litosanthes hljlora, Bl. (Bijilr.. WA). A H|K'<-iiii«'ii nf ii |*laiil n*-
feived from Buitenzori;' iiiuliT 11k- luiiiu' Litoniiulhin bijhifu,
BL. and :n:!;rwiii|4; Avitli Bluine's de8cri|itiun. \h ulmoltitclv
idoiitical uitli <1h' jilaiit disti-il'iitfil l>\ Kiii',' uh Lnn'uinlhHa
ijnicilix.
142. LaSIANTHU.S (IjITUSANTIIKS) PKNIHM.A. ;/. .<y..
A tall shrub, G or 8 feel hi<;li. witli l.-n.^ |)i-ii<lul<>»is liraiu-lu-*.
densely hairy. Leaves lauceulate atiiiiiiiuile. scssili- or iifiirlv
so, petiole very short, Itase rounded, ajx-x 'rus|.i<hit»', i-Mfia-
eeous, above glabrous ami sliiuin^' Ix'iieuth. deuwiy Iiuiry ;
nerves eight pairs, niueh elevated lieneatli. d»'pn'hw-! ■'
nervules transverse, o-4 inches \>nv^, 1-1! iiirh wid-
pules lanceolate linear, densely hairy. IVfltiuelt-s t.ne la t.uU
leaf axil, hairy, 11 inch long, bearing three or four iLmi-m
surrounded liy a nundier of tiliforin long hairy l>iiict». I iiu-li
long. Calyx short with five long laneeate subulut*' hiiiry
sepals. Corolla short, glabrous outside and inside whit.-.
tube nearlv as long as the lobes. Stanu'ns fiv... anth.TH
linear oblong. Stvle little hmger, stout. Stigma bn^id.
trinicate bilobed. Fruit \ inch long, uboviito. mirrowM^ to
til., bas.., Hvr lob.MJ, and .-rownod with ihc five hair-.
lobes.
Guuong Beruuil)an at C.tHMt t'et-t.
A verv curious j.lant \vith longd.anging brauch.-s v. tn ...i..;
and' with the young parts tinte.l with violet, very d.Htiuvl
from any other species in tlie section.
143. L. (LlTOSANTUKS) KulilNSoMI, H ■ Xf-
A tall shrub, stems pubescent, internod.'s :l .u.l.c. lou^'. i.a*.-^
elliptic, rather thin, acun.inato. slightly narn.w..l to tl.o ..l.tu«.
base, glabrous above, beneath hairy ou the nerv... u«»rlv
s^ssi e^ nerves depressed above, eleu.ted and cou.p.c.u.u.
Wneath. ei.ht pails, ascending gntdualU to .bo m.r«,u.
nrrx ules subl.ori/.ontal devuted hairy. -. mi- '
wide : petiole . ,, inch pubescent. Flower. -.
.. the ond of a long fililorn» .k.IuucIo. ^f "-';;, »,^
2 shorl. teeth elon^Ue .ubulate longj-r. deUM-U ha.r. JW.
Corolli ' iuch long, hairv outside and ui. tuU- svrj ......
K^^tng:^ oblo.:^. rounded a. tUo ti,. St.n.u, f.ur.
g-labrous linear, iiicliicled. Stylo shorter tbaii corolla, fetoiit.
Stigma oljovate flatteueJ retiise papillose. Fruit (unripe)
obovoid very hairy and crowned with the long linear !-:e})al!5.
Teloin, abundant.
This is allied to L. sealarifvrniis, Kirig and Gamble, but differs
in its pale leaves, hairy nerves, peduncle and calyx.
144. PSYCHOTEIA BKACHYBOTIIYS, It. .^ji-
Scandent with slender stems, ^-^^ inch through. Leaves lanceo-
late coriaceous, acuminate obtuse, base acuminate, glabrous,
minutely black dotted and dark green or black when dry,
l.T-2 inches long, by | inch wide ; petiole | inch long ; nerves
four pairs, inconspicuous. Stipules short and ring shaped
with two short points. Cymes very short, j iucli long in
flower, lengthening in fruit, terminal almost completel}^ gla-
brous. Flowers very shortly pedicelled, ^\j incli long. Bracts
linear obtuse. Calyx very short, cop shaped, five lobed, lobes
very short pubescent. Corolla very short, lobes five, pubescent
outside, hairy within the tube. Stamens five, anthers oblong-
obtuse, longer than the short filaments. Style short. Stigma
bilobed. Fruit on lengthened pedicels (^ inch long) and
cyme branches lengthened to half an inch, ellijitic pyriform,
I inch long (unripe) ; pyrenes three, ribbed.
Grunong Berumban at 6,000 feet elevation, and also nu-i with
on the Seniangko Pass, Selangor (Kidley, 12072 j.
This sipecies is allied to P. Scortechinii, King, differing in the
smaller leaves, short cyme and coriaceous leaves.
14-5. Fs. FULVA, Bnrh. ILiui.
Sporadic in woods, Telom. It also occurs in the Taiping Hills.
The very small flowers are pinkish white and the fruit orange.
14G. F.S. VIKIDIFLOKA, JJJ .
A variety with rather larger and thinner leaves. A bush, Telom.
147. Ps. CONDENSA, KiltiJ ClIlJ GidllKf.
(junong Berumban. I only got a few scraps of this plant in
bud. It appears to be the i)hint intended luider this name,
but the flow^ers have not been described, and I have not seen
fruit,
148. Ps. anctUlata, Kurth.
A single specimen of what appears to be a foi'ui of this common
wide spread plant was obtained on Gunong Berumban.
149. Chasalia cukvifloka, Tlnr.
Common in woods, Telom. The form much resemlilcd the
ordinary lo\v-counlr\ one.
1'JO. CllASALIA MINUJ;, )?. syy.
.Shrill) or liiisli, steins woudv. Leaves .sniiill, liiiu-«'«ilutf iu-uiiii.
luiie thin, luiirowed lu tin.. I.usi'. '.i\ inclie« l..u^'. ', iiirh mLW*.
i;hil.ii-uus, iii;iri;iiis faiiitlv iiinluliiti' ; uervr» n'ix |(aiiH Cviim-h
teniiiual, sli(»rt with three .sh'U«h-r-sj.reiidiu^ ImiUeliCM, uliulit
^ iiieli luiig, beariiif,' three (lowers on the end nf iiieh.
Flowers white, shortly ,'„ iiieh jiedieelliHl. (Jnhx fiium-l
shaped Avith live .sluu-l-rouuded IoIh-s. Corollii liiU- iihurt.
dilated slit,ditly upwards, | iiieh lonj:;, eiirvnl. 1oIm*»« five,
lauceohite acute half as lou<^, three uervetl. Stuinenii four,
protrudiu<;" from tlie niuuth, authers liiieur, nith«T UfKi?.
ytvle eyliudrie, sti^iiiatie, lobes ohluu;,', two. l)i(.e eii»hioii
shaped. Fruit lilaek, \ ineh louv,', two eelled, twu Hcvled,
seeds plaiiu-euuve.v.
Guuoug Beruiuljaii. A veiy ditVfreiit j-laiit fruni any form uf
Chasalla cHvrif{iiii.i I'roui the plains, varialile tliou'^h that l«.
It is much more of a spreadiu-^' l>ush with .sJi-ndiT twij»i«.
The flowers are smaller, the tulte nuieli short«;r in pro|Hjrti<*n
to the lobes, ami the i)edicels not swollen an«l \\i-A\\ tithi-r iii
flower or fruit.
151. Ckphahlis cuneata var. kllu'tka.
xV small ]>laut than usual with eilipti<- leaves, aeiunimitf al tin*
apex aud narrowed at the l»ase, thin in texture, and 4 iucImii
long, U inch wide; nerves 10 pairs: petiole .' inch loUK.
stipules'thinly coriaceous acuminate : jK-dunrle 2 inrli»-« lon^;.
Telom Woods. s[)oradic and nearly all in fruit at th«- tjn»e.
I thinli this is a distinct species, but the whole yi'iiUH. m
far as the Peninsular species go, rcpiires revising;. Thnv
species are given in th.' -Materials," and v.f the^- then- i^vm
some .loubts about. There an-. how».ver. eertuiuiy uion-
specic-s, but these tleshy plants pa's<.-rve ill, aud arv «imicwh.l
ditticult to separate when dry.
CU.Ml'MiSnM:.
\'yl. VkkNoMA t'lNKKKA. /->"»"■
Telnni, in Sakai clearing.', and In the river Ul»k. The btler «
t;ill much branched form.
loo. AOENOSTK.MMA VlSCUSl'M. l'''>r,<t.
Telmn. abundant in a wet si^.t along the tn.ck ami ... o,*u
spaces roun.l the can.p. It w.u- hUu found far u,. .n tl.-
re-ion of Can.erons plateau, upiwreutly iudigi-uou.. It ..
alio to be n.et with al.mg the track to Jor m tbo B|»ti.K
Padan.'- vallev. The variety rouna Tel..n. .- •
from the ordhiary Malay PeniuM.lar form and :
into anv of the varieties meutiout^ U Clarke in ti«Cv-|-**^
-to
hidicR'. It is about 18 inches tall, with a large' lax-
spreading- panicle, 8 inches across. The branches which, as
well as the stem, are viscid-piibescent, are slender. The
leaves are thin, glabrous, ovate acuminate, narrowed at the
base and decurrent on the petiole, and the margin is almost
completely entire, occasionally obscurely serrate, 6 inches long,
and 3 inches wide. The heads are \ inch across, involucre
glabrous. Flowers pure white. The fruits are perfectly
smooth, and not at all muricate,, covered with glands, exuding
a viscid gum and very adhesive. It seems to be nearest to
the var. microceijhala .
The plant, which is very variable in form, is distrilnited all o\^er
the tro])ics, and usually occurs as a village weed. I never
saw it looking so thoroughly wild as I did at Telom.
15 k AUKRATUM CONYZOIDES, L.
Telom, in a Sakai clearing.
155. MiKANIA SCANDKNS, Wilhh
Teloui, Sakai clearing.
Bistrib. — Common in the Peninsul;i, Tropical Africa and Indo-
Malaya.
15G. MiCKUGLOSSA VOLUBILIS, Dc
Telom, not common in the Peninsula. I have it from H(.'rmitage
Hill, Perak, and from Chabau in Malacca. It has also been
collected in Penang, and is met with in India, Burmah aud
the Malay islands and China.
157. Blumea balsamifeka, Dc.
Telom, Sakai cleariug.
158. Bl. spectabilis, Dc.
Ulu Batang Padang, on the track, common on 1)anks in the
hills. I have it from Selaugor, Ginting Bidei and Kuala
Lumpur ; Suugei Ujoug and also from Christmas Island.
151'. Gynuka sarmentosa, Dc.
Telnm, on trees near the camp. A common t'orewt plant all
over the Peninsula in wet jungle, also occurring in Siam and
the Malay islands.
IGO. C BICOLOK, Dr.
A weed, abundant in the Sakai clearing at Telom.
Didrih. — Malay islands and China.
161. G. PSEUDOCHINA, Dc.
With the last but less abundant.
162. SlEGESBECKIA ORIENTALIS, L.
In an abandoned clearing near Telom. This is by no means
common in the Peninsula, and I have only seen it of late
years in Singapore, a\ Iiere it appeared as a garden weed.
II
1GL>. JjIDKN.S I'll, (ISA, Ij.
Telom Caiui. iiii.l in .S;.k:u il.-ariii-s. (|„.. v.iric-l.v y..7o*.. |,r.>i-.r.
with white i'av-ll(.icts.
CA.MI'ANL I.ACK.l..
KJ4. LOBKLIA AFFINIS, WoU.
Ulu Batang Padang ; TelAiii. i I'nvin.l u \,tv Hmall-H..w,-r.„l
form of this witli white Howers ami a ;,'!al>r.Mirt i-aU \, trmwinu
iu Very wet inud in the forest at T.-irnn. Tlie h|)f.-i.'ii mmux^
to vary a good deal. It is eonmiun in duuip inii.l.K -i-.i.
usually iu open plav-es all unci- I In- FeuiuHulu.
165. PENTAPHKAGiMA BEGONI.KFoLIl' M , WnlJ
Teloui, hanks iu the forests. Tliis s[»e(ics oeeiirs. t<Mi, m iVnaii^
aud Perak and at Teloui. The loeality ,Siugjr|M.ri', yhnUi) iu
the " Materials," is ohviously an error ; LoMi no «luul»t y^>\.
it iu Penaug, aud the loeality ipioted from Tahiin c-uIhrUil l>\
me is also an error, the Tahau plant l)eing P. Srortcrhinii
lOG. P. SCOKTECHINII, KllHJ and Gdiiihh:.
Teloui. The Mowers of this are (piite white, and not \elIowit.|i
with violet spots iu the lube as in P. UnU'iji ; Kinji iiiiJ
Gauihle give Singapore, Bukit Tiniah, a^^ u locality fur a
variety of P. Scurfcrhinil. The sjieeies does Uot
the ouly plant there is J^ WnUciji.
VACClNlACK.lv
1(J7. Vacc'INUM SeUKTECUlMI. A"/'/';/.
A compact bu.sh. (luuoug IVniml-an al (;..>m i. .
108. V. VISCIKOLIUAr, Kimj.
A bush, stems red, Howers pal<- ro>_N \sl.,i.. i ..■ -.j-..
coriaceous leaves easily distinguish it. The HiHi-iiiMMm .!•••
scribed were flowerless. so tiial the llowi-rs Imve ii.'ver Uvii
described. They are borne in ra.enies. \\ in.li Ion;; fn-iii
below the leaves', axillary, pedicels I-,'., iueh lou^ tltfunr.-.!.
glabrous. Calyx .ainpanulate with .six »hort ovutr aculf
lobes. Corolla ! inch long <> lindrie. slightly .lihil.-J at ihi-
base with very short-rounded IoIk-h rosy whit.-. " '".
filauieuts broad, tapering u|)wunls. wmdly. autr
with two l..n- apical aj-iKJuduges elubUHl auil bifim-alr at
the tip. no basal apiR'n.lages. Disc low «uU'iitirv. 8l*lc
stout glabrous.
Uuuoug Beruiuban. ti.iMM) feel.
10l». PENTAI'TEKV.nr.M .ScUKTKClUMI. Kin.J OhJ li^inhlr.
On the .summit ..f (iuuoni: IVruniUui,
A Wautiful shrub NMth its large cherry ix.l calvi all.l ix*i4la.
42
Ellii'ACKJ':.
170. Khododendbon Teysmanni, Mlq.
An epiphyte on the high ridge behind Teloni Caiup.
I think R. Teyxinanni should be kept as a distinct species from
R. javanicum as Mi({uel put it. It differs apparently con-
stantly from R. javan'waui. in its colour, pubescent ovary,
and hairy bases of the stamens.
171. Kh. VVkayi, Kituj.
Bush, on Telom Kidge and (lunoug Eerumlxm, in fruit. There
seem to be two forms, possibly species, of this. The typical
plant is a slindj about 4 or 5 feet tall with very coriaceous
lanceolate or oblong leaves, rather short, white beneath.
Flowers white spotted with red on the surface inside the
mouth with orange red stamens. This occurs in Perak and
on the Hulu Semangko liitlge, where Mr. Burn-Murdoch and
myself found it.
The other var. dUptica, it. var., is a large shru!) or sniall tree, 15
feet tall, with longer and narrower leaves elliptic coriaceous,
and pale (but not white beneath). The ilowers pure white
unspotted. This occurs with the other variety on Hulu
Semangko, where Mr. Burn-Murdoch collected it, and is the
plant I ol)taii)ed on Gunong Berumban and also on the Telom
Kidge, and Mr. liobinson got it on Gunong Tahan. Mr.
Burn-Murdoch considered that the two plants o:i Hulu
Semangko were quite distinct specifically and perhaps they
should be separated.
172. li. JASMINIFLOKUM, Hook. jU., var. PUNCTATA.
Straggling shrub, epiphytic with ovate nearly sessile leaves
very coriaceous. Flowers rather smaller than in the ty])e,
white with bright pink spots in the mouth of the tube ;
pedicels pubescent slender, 1 inch long.
Teluui Ridge; Taiping Hills (fiidleyj and probably all the
Perak ])lants mentioned by King and Gamble in the "Materi-
als." The type of R. jasunit'iflortnn was the plant obtained on
Mt. Ophir by Lobb, and figured in the "Botanical Magazine,"
t. 4, 524. It appears to lie pccidiar to Mt. Ophir, where it
has often been collected — viz., by Loblj, Griffith., Maingay,
Derry, No. 624, and by myself. It differs in the flower
being pure white without spots, and the pedicels being thick
and barely .1 inch long, making the umbel very much
more compact and giving the whole plant a very different
appearance. The description in the " Materials " seems to
)je a mixture of these two plants, which seem distinct enough
to merit ^'arictal names at least.
17o. ii. I.ONCIl' LWUL.M, Lliiill.
Epiphvtic at Toloiii, ill lull l|..\\vi-. 'I'lii« in lli.- plant f.,uu.I ..u
lofty trees on Bukit Tiiuali in .Siii^,'uj»or.- aiiJ iiut li. jammemiH
as recorded in the '• MuU-riuls." U. ln„,jij(<,nim lian uUi
been met with iii Ne«<ri Seuil.iluu. near Kuala I'ilulj, un'l in
llie only species wliidi liiis 1-ecn I'uiiiid in the luw i-ouutrt.
It occurs in Perak. alsu llunicn mid Siini.itiM
174. Khododkndko.n Ki,(JSS11, //. .-y..
A tall iree, 50 feet tall. liCavo. oj.po.site in puirx, w|iiirl««l
llie ends of the branches, thinly curiacfouh ^'lal»roim, lUrk
L;reen, very sli<;ht]y paler jjeneatli. laii'-euIuU- lu-uU" Imiw,
acumiuate to the petiole. 4-4.\ inches loiij,'. 1-1! iiieb wiili*;
nerves faint, reticulations visible. nitluT larj^r. iii> - i'-
petiole .! iuch loni;-. Flowers in thrci- In six uinU-lH ti-rii
peduucles [ iuch lon;^,', thick. Bracts numerous, low. i
small, ovate obtuse, upper ones lanceolate. ! iuch Ionj», Imj-t >
pale, margined with short white hairs. Pedicels Hl«'n<h>r, '•!
inch long, glabrous. Calyx very small, nearly Hat wi''
verv short lobes. Corolla iui»e cylindric aliout us loii^
lobes, lobes oblong obtusi', whole H<iwer 1! iuch lonj?, wbitr.
Stamens nearly as long as the corolla Pt, iilauieutN •.!
iiliform, anthers small oblong white. Stylo rather 1
capitate, ovary acuminate, glultrous. Cluuuug B(fniiiii>uii
at 6,000 feet altitude.
A fiue tree. The biggest tree Khododendrou 1 hav.
Peninsula. There are usually only two lluwem on iwli
peduncle and si.v pediuides in the unii>i'l. making » hwul of
12 ilov.ers. The tree was in full llower. anil m<mt tUlnu'tivv
in its mass of white blooms.
l7o. KlIOUODENDKUN LKUCOBOTRYSt, It. Hji.
A shrub, P2-li feet tall, with straight eivci i.r.m.i.rs (...,,.,
lanceolate acute. narn>wed u little to the Iwm'. I.ut uol
acute, coriaceous 2!,-'3 inches h-ng. 1 iuch wi-l-. >\uHv
glabrous and not scaly, smooth slightly puler U-miitli .
nerves elevated bem-ath sl.-nd.-r. 10 imiix; jK-tiok? 1 inrh
h.ng or less. rml>cls two to f«.ur ; • . ' ' r\
short I inch. Buds 1 inch K>ug. b •
about ; inch with ciliate umrKiuH. i'Mower* two J •
umbel: pedicels 1 inch hmg. hlendi-r Culyx x .. . i.
margins undulate, nearly tlut. Crolla 1'. iuch loDg. lul*
under .'. inch much shorter
lobes ;"inch across, 1 i«i^'« '' ■
vellow spot in the throat. Sluiueu- m-orly m i
lobes, filaments slender puU-<ceut at l'- '■- '
third of their length, al-ou- gl.ll•l^.•vl^. ••
44
style louger, stigma capitate, pistil quite glabrous. Capsule
fusiform, uarroAved upv^ards, 1 iucli long, J iucli through.
KeJuh Peak. (Guiioiig Jerai) at 3,U00 to 4,000 feet altitude,
June, 1893. (Ridley, 5531).
This beautiful plant is apparently peculiar to Kedah Peak. I
did not describe it Ijefore, as the part of the " Materials "
dealing with this genus was not published. As, however, no
description of it has appeared, I now describe it : It is allied
to B. Khjssll.
170. K. liOBlNI?ONII, It. s^t.
An epiphyte of no great size, gro\\ing usually on very lofty
trees, branches pale 1 >elow. Leaves in whorls of three, of which
one is smaller than the others, blade coriaceous elliptic to
lanceolate, obtuse to subacute, the smaller leaf lanceolate
acuminate sometimes, glabrous, dark above, paler beneath ;
nerves about eight pairs, conspicuous above, hardly visible
beneath, 3^-5 inches long, 2 inches wide ; petiole thick, i inch
long. Flowers in a terminal imibel of tive on a very short
peduncle ; pedicels 1^ inch long, glabrous. Calyx very small
and flat Avith very obscure rounded lobes. Corolla cam-
panulate, 1 inch long, 1] inch wide, l)right yelloAv, occasionally
flushed with red. Stamens included, shorter than the corolla,
nine, filaments filiform (piite glabrous, anthers oblong, keel
thick. Ovary glabrous style short, rather stout. Stigma
Ccipitate.
Common in the Telom District from 3,400 to 5,000 feet on
Gunong Bcrumbau, growing often very high.
The shorter, broader, thicker leaves, smaller flowers, entirely
glabrous, easily distinguish this pretty plant, which I am
pleased to associate Avith Mr. H. C. Robinson.
177. R. MALAYANUM, Jack.
Epiphytic. Gunong Berumliau and Telom. Common at high
altitudes all over the Peninsida.
178. Pkbnkttyopsis Malayan a. King and Gamhlc.
Summit of Gunong Berumban, originally found liy Wray on
summit of Gunong Batu Puteh (=7,000 feet) and by Scor-
techini.
179. Gaultheria leucocakpa, BI.
Gunong Berumlnm.
I am rather doulitful as to this identification, as the plant does
not entirely agree Avith King's description, and I haA'e seen no
specimens or figures of the plant. It is a plant Avith long
pendulous branches and aromatic foliage.
45
MVKSINK.K.
180. M^SA PERAKENSIS, U . sy^
Small tree, with slender l.riglit ivd l.n.wn l.raiu-hfM. \A-av«%
rather distaut. elliptic-laiu-eolat«', atuiuinat*'. nuirijini. rrfiui-
late with short teeth in the crfnidiitiniiH, C, mrlifH Innj;. 2
inches wide; nerves rather im-onspicuoiis uIm.v*', wvm |win«,
elevated ])eneath and nit>t'tiii>„' in Inups within thf nintxin.
Petiole ] inch lon«i^. Tiilloii's.t'inc usually nu-«-nu»W', ocvanion-
ally shortly panicled, \ t<. nearly 1 inch htw^, few-Hnwen*)!
peduncle, and branches rufous velvety. P^Iuw.ts minuti*. mtv
short pedicelled, lirown, calyx tul»t' vrry short. w'uU-, InU-n
five, ovate, acute, all ])uliescent. Ci)rnlhi IoIm-s tiv*-. pul»«^-<'Dl,
narrower and hardly lon»er than thf calyx. IuIk- inui-h MhoiiiT
than the lobes, stamens shortly protruded. anlh»T< niiniil**,
ovary superior. Fruit small, ,'„ inch lou^', ri d:
Teh an Woods.
This is a common plant in all our hill woods of over '2,if(H) f«>*-t
and has been sent from theTaipin;,' Hills under the uunibeni
(Ridley, 3103, 5512, 10680, 11451 ; Curtis. 20i»0). l>ut none
of them are quoted l>y Kim: or Mez in th»' " Matoriuln " or tho
Monograph in the " PHanzeureich." It sf«'nis very diHtiuct
from M. indica, the leaves being not dentat«'nind the inflore*-
cence red hairv. From M. tniprt^fitiiifrri.* it ilifferx in ita
larger leaves, pubescent raceme, acute prlals and >*liort<T
lube to the corolla.
181. M. RAMENTACEA, Willi.
Batang- Padang valley up to I'.ooo feel altitiid.r
182. Embelia ribks var. ruoosa.
A form with rather larger leaves than usual and le-s.^ puU-»«-«'nt
inflorescence.
Telom, near camp.
183. E. CORIACEA, Wall.
On Telom Eidge and (iunong Rcrumban
This plant is not rare in the low country. It ih le»m »«'««1 t.»
find it at such an altitudi-.
184. E. MYRTILLUS, Kiirz.
Gunong Berumban. occurs on nio.sf of our higher hilU.
185. Labisia pumila. Ih'utli, var. i.anckoi.ata.
Woods, Telom.
18>3. Labisia longistyi-a. KIh'I xml (i,iuthl>\
Sporadic on Telom Ridge and Ouuoug BonimUo.
This is de.scribed as nndershrub. 2 foot tall, in th.' " MalcruU"
It is seldom so tall as thi.s in fact. I only know it n* » aw«rf
plant, no bigger tlian /- I'lnnH'i.
40
187. x\rdisia chrysophyllifolia, K!ti(/ and (ronihle.
Gnnong Berumhan. I liave seen no authentic specimen of
.this species, which was collected at Gunong- Batu Puteh by
"VVrav. The MyrsinesB of the Wiuy and Scortechini collec-
tion have not yet been distriljuted, or at least there are none
in the Singapore Herliarium.
188. A. COTiORATA, Bo.sh.
A tree on t-lie lovrer slopes of Gunong Berunil)an and round
Telom. In fruit. This tree has larger and tli inner, more
elliptic leavi's tliau usual.
189. A. ROSRA, Kiiiij Olid G(i}uhh\
Gunong Berumlian. A form with narrower petals, stamens
only half as long and l»lunt, luit it varies somewhat according
to exposure and altitude. Flowers ])ink.
190. A. VILLOSA, lioxh.
Telom Woods. Common in the low country.
191. A. the^:folia, Khuj and Gamble.
Bukit S'tempat on the lower slopes of Gunong Berumban.
192. A. Maingayi, King and Gnudde.
A bush or small shrub, not a tree. Flowers pink.
Telom Woods. I have also met with it in the Sempang Mines
at the Seniangko Pass in Selangor.
193. A. GLANDULIGERA, .'?. Sj).
Shrub, stems moderately stout. Leaves alternate, lanceolate to
elliptic-lanceolate, longacinninato to acute, base acuminate,
eoriaceous-chartaceous, glal)rous, entire, glands obscure, 6-7
inches long, 2-8 inches wide ; petiole stout, i inch long ; nerves
inconspicuous about 10 pairs, meeting in an intra-marginal
vein. Inflorescence axillary, not longer than the petioles, on
very short peduncles, j inch or less long, thick, umbels of
three flowers, pedicels i inch long in flower, longer in fruit.
Flowers pink, ^^^ inch long, buds globose, bracts narrow,
linear. Calyx lobes ovate subacute or ol>tuse, glabrous,
densely gland dotted, slightly overlapping. Petals not seen.
Drupe globular, dotted with prominent glands, } inch long,
bearing at the top the short filiform style.
Telom. Unfortunately ou.t of flower, but not identifiable with
any known species.
SYMPLOCA 01^.1^;.
194. Symplocus pruniflora. n. qx
Tree a1)out 25 feet tall, branches blaclc wdien dry. T.'eaves lanceo-
late, acuminate glabrou.s, tliinly coriaceous, narrowed at the
base, but sliglitly (light green Vidien dry) paler beneath ;
nerves four to six pairs, slightly elevated beneath, ascending
^^1'^ 'ii'K ill '■\lr;i-iriai--:iiiiil mnvs. 1 ,iuUi-n \„im. \.\[
inch Wid,.; jH'tiul,. ; iiicll Inn-,'. IllHulVMr.-Un. of tWo Of
three racemes in a eluster fn-iu the h-af uxiln. H4,i„..tiim^
honie on a short |.<Mlmi,l,.. 1 i,,,-!, 1„„^,, wurfv l.n.wii.
Fk)wers verv sli.,rtlv |,.Mlirrll...l. I'.nu-ts verv humII. UnnN,!
hito. BraeteoU's two. Ovarv ami ealvx \ in.-ii 1..||^,^ iMMirf*.
].ul>escont. Calvx h)lies nmn.h-.l. vi-rv siuiill. ('..rolln wliit...
\ im-li aeross, 1uhe vrrv .«.horl. In).,.-; r..iiii.l.'.l. .-Irft iii«arlv to
the l)ase, olalinuis. .Stamens aliuut UK etuml, ohtM-iirflv
eonnaie at tin' hase, filaii*ent.s slender. LflalimuM uk Iuuv; iin
tlio corolla h)l»es. Antliers snliL,'l<>l)nlar. Stvie v«tv »h«»rl,
([iiitc olabrous. Fniil ovoi.l, small. i,'r»'fn rnot riix*).
Teloin. a iiiile ti-oin r,iiii|. t.. wards IJataiiu' Padaii^,'. A |»r*«llv
tn>e allietl to ,S'. sj,ir,fhi, R..\)).. l.ui with M-nrfv ltr«.\vn inf|.».
reseence and entire leaves.
195. S. CURTTSII, Ollv.
TeK.m.
OLEACK.K.
19G. Jasminum Maincayi. Chirh-.
Telom Camp.
Disfrih. — Penani;', Perak ainl F.orneo.
COXVOLVCLACR.K.
197. Lettsomia peguensis, Clarke.
At the l-5th mile on tlir road to J««r frnm Tajiali.
SOI,AN.\CE/K.
198. SOLANTIM P>T,ITMET, NeCS.
Tehnn Forest, on hanks of streams, almndaut in snnio i*\h>\». In
most of the hill woods of tin- P.-ninsjtla : alsnin Juvn. Sumfttn*
and B(n-neo.
199. 8. TORVUIM, i^ir.
In Sakai clearings near 'IVloiu ('ami'.
SCl!<>rilLI.Ai;INK/K.
200. BONNAYA VER0NIC.*:F0LIA, Sl»riltJ.
On stones in the rivrr at Tt'h'im.
201. CURANGA AMAllA, ,///>-•.
Dam]) spots near the riv^r T.-lnm.
202. TORE.N'IA I'EOITNCULARIS, //'/'//'•
On the track toward.s Jor.
20;l T. ATi;opi'urrREA. 7?/V/.. var. bicoi.or.
. ATi;oPl'UrUREA. nun., »iii. "•'
A handson.e varietv. over I foot tall ftiul «tou«..r. Tho con
tube deep violet, the limb cn'an.y whit.v Pap-ulo , inch In
Leaves 2 inches loni;. L'h. r.atuiii: Piulanc ••» il«'' ir.-W
.lU
l«ntf
48
ORO BR ANC H AC E 71-: .
204. Christisonia Scortechinii, Pralii.
This beautiful white flower Avith a l>road yellow bar on the lip
was a,bundant in the bamboo woods of Ulu Batang Padang,
the flowers just appearing above the ground. It appeared
to be parasitic on the bamboos.
APOCYNACEyE.
205. Alyxia Forbesii, Kini/ and Gamble.
On Telom Ridge. The f ruitis, however, larger than usual, quite
^r inch long. A hill j^lant in Penang, Perak and Pahang ;
and found also in Java and Siunatra.
20r.. A. ScoRTEOHiNTi, Kiiiij arid Ganihh'.
In flower on Gunong Bcrumban and Telom Ridge.
ASCLEPIADE/E.
207. DiSCHIDIA COCCINEA, Griff.
Gummg Berumban. Common on all hills at high elevation.
208. P. TUBUmFI-ORA, Kiiiij and Gaiiddr.
Telom Ridge.
20!). T). HiRStiTA, Decne.
Telom. Common in tlie low counti'v.
210. D. MONTICOLA, Kiiuj and Gatidih'.
Gunong BerumV)an.
211. Pbntasacme oaudata, Wall.
Rocks in the Batang Padang River.
LOGANIACE^-].
212. GiERTNERA KoENiGii var. oxyphylla.
On the higher ridges at Telom and Gunong Berumban. This
variety seems to me very distinct from the G. Koenigii, of
Wight, as figured in the Icones, 1B16, so much so that I should
certainly be inclined to keep it specifically distinct. It is
a small shrubby tree with white flowers. King in the
" Materials " omits to notice that the corolla inside is thickly
white silky.
213. Fagr^ea oblonTtA, King and Ganihle.
A big terrestrial shrul> in fruit. Banks of a stream, Telom.
GESNEEACE.E.
214 iEsCHYNANTHUS PARVIFLORA, H. SJ}.
A t\;fted epiphyte with slender branches, over 1 foot long.
Leaves opposite, fleshy, entire, narrow lanceolate, acuminate,
3 inches long, }, inch wide ; petiole i inch long. Flowers
40
solitavv, on slondcv jx-dicels. [ in.-li Ion;,' CuUx inli-*. in-,
to tiic hiisc. vcrv iiiin-uw. linour a«iiiiiiiial.'. kIuItmiim, '. mi.),
lon;^-. Corolla greenish vt'll.>w, lian'lv ,', incii l«uii;». tiilii<
narrow, cvlinclric, lol)os oMon^'. ruuutUHl, iiiuru'inH ciliiitf
minutely, stamens inchulfd, anthfrs Mul.^,'lolM.w■ ; .apnulf
narrow, linear, eyliu<lric. acuniinatf, 4-.') inrJii-H \i>im, m-^-*!
with a tuft of hair at one en<l :uul a single hair at tin- otlwr.
Telom, near tlic cani]), on hves nvi-rhaiii^iiit,' the river. Thin
plant is undoubtedly near ^fJ. jinijiiiratirriiH of Java, luif i*
distinct in its .smaller narrower entire leavi'H, and hiiiuIUt
flowers with the corolla hardly as luuu' a-^ tlie m-paJM. whi<-h
are free to the base.
21-5. ^llIsCH. PERAKENSIS, RitU.
Common as an epiphyte, ot'tcii on vt-ry iii<„di lre«'s. r<»ind 'r<-lMiii
and Gunong Berumlian.
21 1). J^]SCH. LONGICALYX. lil'll.
A splendid plant. Calyx and eorolla of a l>rilliant red Th.-
capsules are 8 inches long. Ei'ii.hytie on (JnuoU),' It-niin-
ban and also on Gunong Iran, whence Mrs.nrM. K1«»hh and
Robinson brought it.
217. DiDISSANDRA B'lLICINA, Ri(JJ.
Extremely abundant at Telom and up Gmiong IV-rmnUn,
on banks and rocLs. The flowers are of a l»oftutifiil violot
blue, paler inside the tnl>e and nearly white outside and. with
its fern-like leaves, a very attractive plant.
218. D. Wrwi. /.'/■'//.
Flowers white with longitudinal vioh-t stri|«^s in tin' tuUv
Telom, on rocks by the stream and at (Junong Iniii. Mueh h-^-.
c«munon than the preceding and but few in tlow.-r
219. D. LONdlSBPALA, //. .-/'.
Six inches or m.uv tall, with a liairy stem. I^avcH |ift.uU>l.
distinctlv elliptic, aoite edges Semite. 5 ineh.-« luHjC. 2
inches wide or smaller, ab.e.e sprinkled with .H«Mtt..n.l U^r•.
beneath hairv <.n midrib and nerves; nerveH \\ i^iir.. fa.rly
eonspicuous "beneath and lens ko nlx.ve : i>otiol.> hairr. -i
inches Ion- Pdi'vl of flower shM.der. hairy. 4 im-h.*« lonff.
Sepals line;ir acununate. the edge.s s..rmte with « Im.r o„ .^rh
sen-ative. i inch long. ,'. ineh w.de. Corolla w.do 2 .uc-Ih,
long, grad'uallv dilate.1 upward.^ \oWh n.u«d,.l. t.oM. |-I*r
in the tube, stamens four. tilamentH slender.
Cameron's plateau on the tn.k to Onn.u,g ^^^J^^^
This is allied to V. ^\'nn,l. Kidl.. but d.ffep. .u tho Ur^r
serrate hairy sepals and different colouring.
220. DiDYMOCAKPUS SULPHCBKA. /^'/^
On the top nf Gunou.. B,>ru,nban. al.noM out of Hower.
Dee., 1909.
50
221. T). VENUSTA, BldL
This remarkable plant was abundant on the upper part of
Gunong Berumban at 6,000 feet, but the flowers were
neai-ly all destroyed by some insect. Its tall woody stem and
serrate leaves with prominent veins make it a veiy striking
plant and quite unlike any other species. It occurs also at
the Semaugko Pass.
222. D. HispiPULA, Bidl.
What appears to be a form of this, but was only in bud, was
met with in the Telom Woods. It is al)undant on the
Taiping Hills.
228. D. (§ Heteroboea) lanceolata, n. ,sj).
Stem woody, covered with densely appressed hairs. Leaves
lanceolate acuminate, decurrent to the base of the petiole,
closely and finely dentate, dark green sprinkled with pale hairs
al>ove, beneath thickly hairy on the nerves; young leaves
thickly pubescent all over. Peduncles slender, solitary or
in pairs, pubescent. Bracts linear, acuminate, i inch long,
narrow, hairy, pubescent. Sepals lanceolate acute, densely
silky hairy, i inch long. Corolla glalirous, 1 inch long, tube
dilate gradually upwards, white with yellow spot in the
mouth. Stamens filaments, filiform, straight. Anthers
glitltrous. Style and ovary thickly glandular, pubescent.
Capsule narrow, cylindric, over 1 inch long, pubescent.
Cameron's plateau on the way to Clunong Iran. Messrs.
Robinson and Kloss brought a single specimen of this plant,
which is certainly allied to D. /(n^ctafa, Ridl., l)ut there is
no white central bar on the leaf, the peduncles are larger, the
sepals wider and the corolla shorter and differently coloured.
224. B. crinita, J(((]i.
Occurs plentifully from Tapah up to about the 12th mile,
but there it seems to stop.
225. D. ALBiNus, Bidl.
The type of this species is a plant obtained on Gunong Batu
Puteh l)y Wray, and differs from a plant most abundant
on Telom in its being much less hairy or, more correctly,
in possessing much shorter hair. This may be a slightly
different local form, or perhaps due to some accident in
drying. The Telom plant was 4 feet or more tall and
often branched. The stem olive-fuscous and thickly viscid-
hairy. Leaves dark green above, paler beneath, with a
purple midrib. The panicles w^ere ixsually four in the upper
axils ; peduncles 4 inches long and diehotomously branched.
The flowers are I inch long and pendulous. Sepals lanceo-
late purplish. Corolla tube f inch long, the upper lol)es
oblong truncate, lower one longer, the two outer ones olilong,
51
ino.lian ovate, all wliil.' with hv.. \.-||..w l.ur« ..ii t)i« .li~-.
odo-tid witli violet dots. It is en.' ..f i),,' talJ.-Mt HiMH-i.>M of tlir
g-euus aud a most attrarliv.' and .j.-i^'ant plant. It j^rtir
everywhere in tho Teloni Vallt-y.
226. D. ALBINELLUS, II. xi).
Stem-s over 1 foot tall, but shorter tiian thoso of I), albittms,
Ridl., pubescent hairy. Leaves equal or huIh.'(iuh1. ovat.- or
lanceolate, acuminate subobtusc, basi* connat*', :j.4 itu-hen
long, 1.2 inches wide, iibuvc <,dai>ri<us, cxn-pt in y<iun;,'
leaves where the niidril* is Iniiry, licjow hairv mm thi* mTT«««.
midrib and on the edfi;es. Prtiul.- hinry, ,',-j inch lonjj.
Raceme n little lonovr than the li-avt-s, '.i-i iin-h«»H l«»ui;,
sim]>le or with one or two short bram-hes. ;;Ian>lidar. hairy
Bracts linear, ^ inch long. Calyx lobes linear. m-uiuinut«',
glandular, hairy, J, inch h»ng. Corolla ,' inch long, the tuU»
broad, the lobes rounded, white with violet strifies. Staineiw
included. Pistil pubescent. Fruit ( unripe) elonjjjsite cyliu-
dric, acuminate pubescent.
Gunong Berumban at 6,000 feet altitmle. This diflfiTs from D.
albiiiKs in its smaller size iu all parts aud more Biiuple
inflorescence and in the colouring of the flowers.
227. D., !^p.
On the Telom Ridge behind th.' lanip. A sp.-eie.^, uppun-ntly
allieil to I). oJhoinani'uiiitii. but no Howers could Ik? found.
228. Pakaboea pubiflokv. n. x/*.
Stem brown, rougli. Leaves lanceolate a<'uniinate obin.—. \k\m>
decurrent on the jietiole in an \mdulate nii»r>rin. murtfiuii
serrate irregularlv with Iilunt serrations, above jrlabroun,
dark green, beneath re<ldish, paler, the nerves puU-nivut ;
nerves about 16 pairs, 4 iuche.s long, i; iuch wide; |>otio|«.
ruo-ose, winged to the base ; peduncles 3-4 inches li»nn. •lpn«l»T.
ere'ct, two-flowered pubescent. Brm-ts broa.lly liiuc*H.Ulf.
persistent, \ inch long, puberulous on the til^r,^. P.^li,-,.].
short pubescent. Caly.v lilies free to the ba.s.'. linear Reiimmnli'
pubescent, \ inch long. Corolla pulx'^-ent oulmdi' and in
white, tube short. \ inch long. limb widely roundwl. an lontf
as the tulie; ob.)val'.-, stamens two short as long a« the tuN- ;
anthers oblong, yellow, filaments pulK's.'ent. Style a little
longer pubescent, stigma capitate.
Gunoug Trau (Robin.son an.l Kloss). Me^m. Rolnn»on^an.|
Kloss brought a single spc-imen of this ouriou* |.!-' '■ -^
their expedition to (iunong Iran. The fohai:.- i^
like that of Dldymororpu'^ iv,i«i./.M. The tl
broad at the m.mth in proportion to the leu^-
and the shortened stamens with thick pub«r,'Ut. fiUmeoU
are those of the -enus i'.»/-../H^.. It is uuuMinl to hiid lb.-
,..„.„lla hairv on both sides as it in in thi^ plant.
52
22f(. TiHYNCnCxJLO&SUM OBLIQT7UM, /?/.
Ulu Bataug- Padang at the Second Camp.
2o0. MONOPHYLL.^'^A HoRSFIELDI. B. Br.
Ulu Bataiig Padang, abundaut at oue point on the track. I
have never liefore seen this plant elsewhere except on lime-
stone rocks.
231. Staueanthera grandifolia, Bentli.
TJln Batang Padang towards the Pahaug boundary.
232. Rhtnchotecum parvifloeum, B1.
Ulu Batang Padang.
233. Cyetandromcea mecjaphylla. JJ^msl.
A large- spreading bush, almost a small tree. On a Sakai clear-
ing on Gunong Berumban lower slopes. Flowers white.
234. CYRTA>rDRA CUPULATA, Bi(ll .
In the Batang Padang valley, absent from Telom.
Very widely spread over the Peninsula.
235. C. DisPAR, Bee.
Ulu Batang Padang between Jor and Telom.
236. C. GRANDIFLORA, 71. Sp.
A lai'ge stout plant about 3 feet tall, stem fuscous, glabrous, four
angled below. Leaves oblanceolate. acinninate. decurrent on
the petiole, ghibi-ous, except when quite young, margins serrate,
except on the lower quarter, deep green, purple on the back ;
nerves about eight pairs, prominent on both surfaces, midrib
thick, 8-12 inches long, 3-4 inches across. Bracts cup shap-
ed, I inch long, truncate ciliate, on the margins with ovate
points. Corolla tube short and stout, no longer than the
bract, limb 2 inches across, upper lobe l)ilobed, wdth oblong
lobes, lower three also oblong, all white, the mouth of the
tube yellow outside, all white, silky. Stamens recurved
included, ochre yellow. Style short, dilated upwards. Fruit
cylindric conic with a short sharp point, 1 inch long, \ inch
through, corky, tesselate, rugose, light brown.
Growing abundantly in masses by the stream near the Teloni
Camp and elsewhere in damp spots ; nearly out of flower.
Remarkable for the very broad corolla and the short utricular
bract.
ACANTHACE.^:.
237. SxAURoriYNE SETiGERA, Kwize.
Telom.
238. S. ARcuATA, C. B. Chn-h\
Not rare at Telom. but only one plant found in flower. The
corolla dark brown, red on both lobes. It occurs also on the
Taiping Hills.
230. S. .SUBOLAUKA, Cl'.irlc.
Tc'lolu Woods. C'oiiuiioii. (.'larkf -/iw-i lljin nn vi-rv Kimilur
to S. orrinihi in ;ill csM-iiti;!! jK.ijits, llic ilifTi'iviifCii Iviiij; iu
the glabrous ^5ep;ll.s uml l;iiu'(.'<.latu It-iivt-h, liut iti life no tnn
sj)ecie.s could bo more dissimilur. This siM-eii-H i». for lb«'
yeuus, tall with a h>u^-aivhia<jf niceiue of jmre whitf Hi»wer».
the raeeme ofteu b inches lou>.', verv dilTerent from the »horl
more compact racemes, with i>ue or two red Howerh o|jcu at
a time, of. 8. arciiolo. The racemes wt-ri- HoUtarv in iill
the Telom plants, but iu those of the Taipini; HilU the pluiitn
is often branched and bears several spikt-s. It <xrun» at tin-
top of the Taipiuijj Hills and on Kedah PraK.
24;0. yxKOCILANTHES HIllTISKPALLS, Chirki'.
A much-ljrauched herl>. abi.iil 1 feet tall, with wjjite ll<»wi-r».
In dani|i muddy ground in the forest near Telom Camp,
abundant but local. The hairs in my herlwirium h|»t'<imi«u»
are rather black than rufous as described in tlii> .si^'cii-H
■Jtl. S. RUFO- PAUPER, Vhirki.
Ou Telom Eidge and (iuiiMU- I'.iMiinibaii at fn-m
6,000 feet elevation.
24'2. S. RUFICAULIS, n. S2>.
Stems ascending from a cjvcping l.a.v, .^k-ndcr, simpi- . . .-
one or two branches, roughly red hairy, the iutermKlii* i-'i
inches long or less, 8 inches to over \'2 inches tuli. Ia-am*
herbaceous, opposite. sul»c«jual, ellipticdanceolatf ucumiuui*-.
base cuneato. margins undulate ereuate. 4 inclin* hni}:. I.
inch wide, hairy on I'otli sides, especially on the umvu. *illi
scattered but abun<lant long y.-lluwish hairs. lleatU 1 im-li
long, few flowered with si.\ or eight laii.eolate ..Mubi' bnid*.
projecting beyond the llowers deus.-ly ivd hairy at the Ui*.-.
apices less hairv. .'. inch louj,'. ,\, inch wid.-.
Corolla campanulate with a narrow tuU- ut the Uum-. liuib
dilated lol^s broad ri»unde.l si.aringly hairy. I inch l.-i.;.'
and nearly as wide acr..ss the mouth, pale blue. Staim-o>
four, anthers subglobose.
Gunong Beruml)an near the top.
I cannot lit this in with any of Clark.-',^ s|Rvie» U-lou^um
to this section, nor have 1 seen it elsewheiv.
243. S. vuLPiNUs, tt. q>.
Stems 1 fool or more. bmnchcMl or Miupl.- ^l-nder. d.-..^b
covered with short curled dark brown l...n> U-.i.,-, op.u).
broadlv lauceolato to rhomUi»l. .leuiiiiuutc. or ctim-to .1
the tip, narrowed at the Ui»<'. aU.ve .pnuklcl w,th • fr«
hairs or glabrescent K-ueath. ueHrly KdubnM... e»o-|.t f-T
• a httle rough puU>seouce on the m^rveM ; neoi* uuh- p.u.
mar-dns un-lulate or civnnlute. 5 iucbw iMUf. '-.^ - «'" ' ' '
54
wide; petiole ' iuch luwj;, sliui'lly rovti;lil_v Imiry like the stem.
Heads elongate, one or two together terminal on short or
long 1 inch peduucdes, 2 to neai-ly 3 inches long, i
inch through. Bracts linear or obloug-liuear blunt, bases
densely rufous hairy, xipper ones aliout .V inch long.
Sepals linear obtuse, i inch long, with long red hairs. Corolla
I inch long, curved, dilated rather suddenly at the lobes,
pubescent light, blue. Capsule dilated upwards from a
narrow base, ^ inch long. Seeds four.
Teluni and Ulu Bataug Padaug.
'244. S. ALBOSTRIATA, /(. S^J.
A weak herb about 1 foot tall, ei'ect, little branched with
short brownish hair, soon glabrescent below. Leaves sub-
ecjual or often unequal ovate or acuminate, base cuneate,
margins crenulate ; nerves five to seven pairs, above gla-
brous, dark green, with white bars along the veins, beneath
dark red, wdth scurfy puljescent veins ; petiole 1 inch long,
scurfy, hairy. Heads three or four terminal, Avith one in
each axil of the uppermost pair of leaves or only terminal
peduncled. Peduncles hairy, I to ueai-ly ^ inch long. Calyx,
sepals linear, acuminate, hairy. Corolla blue, 1 inch long,
tube at l)ase narrow, then suddenly broadened and ciu'ved,
lobes ;; inch long, roiuided ; tube haii'y. limb glaljrous,
stamens four.
Abundant at Telom and conspicuous from its bcautifidly-
marked foliage.
245. S. SCABRIDUS, II. t<p.
Somewhat robust, stems closely shortly Ijrown hairy, internodes
3 inches long. Leaves very luiequal, lanceolate, acuminate,
narrowed to the winged petiole, margins crenulate ; nerves
six pairs, ])rominent above, texture coriaceo-ehartaceous, above
glabrous scabrid, beneath smooth paler, midrib closely
pubescent, hairy ; largest leaves 6 inches long l)y 2 inches
wide, smaller one about half as large. Ca]>itulum terminal,
sessile, globose, about 1 inch long. Bracts ovate to
orbicular, elliptic, apex rounded, thickly dotted with raphides.
Flowers white. Corolla over 1^ inch long, tvdje narrow at the
base, dilated upwards, 1 inch across, lobes rounded, glabrous ;
stamens foiu\
Clunong Berumban. I also ol)tained this plant at the Semaugko
Pass.
246, S. (§ Nudatep) pedicellata, n. ^ji.
Leaves ovate acuminate, base cuneate, margins serrate, glabrous,
very unequal : nerves inconspicuous on both siu-faces, six
to seven pairs, bohlly curved and meeting in iutra-marginal
curves, l.l;irk uIm.v \v|...i, .In. ,,a|,. L.,„.at|, ; U, ■ ■ •.
mclies luiiir, 2 iudirs ui.l.-: sniiill.T I', ii,,-!, l.,,;.
-i'o iuch \un<r. lulluivs-jL-uce o( ll.ive lu-a.U uu »l..|i.i..r |ie.
duiu-le.s, 2! iuche-s l.>n-(. with u lai,- .,f IwiMiko \nAcl» at
the Ijube. Flowers severul in u hi-iul wilh oblouff pulii'MtfUt
obtuse braels I iueh lou;^', ami sevi-nil ob|..u^,' liueur linu-l.
at the base of the pedicels. Peilici-ls hhorl uii<l nt.iul.
Sepals linear, obtuse, pul>esceiil ami eoveivl with raphi-l.--.
I iuch louii'. eouuate at the base. Corolla \\ inrh |..uu.
white, tube sliurth .vliii-bir. then ciimi«iuultttr. luU-,
rounded, subequal, t^ialaous outside, witli \,,u\: whit.- hair*
on the nerves inside. Stamens lour. didvuaiuoUH. und till-
ments with long white hairs, .\iithers ovoid. ntuuiM, Iwo
eelled, mutieous.
Cameron's plateau ..n th.- traek to Gunou;,' Inui ( M.'Biir.
Kobinson and Kloss). A single sj>ecinien of thih plant w.i*
brought by Messrs. Kobinson and KIohs. To u it'rtuiii
extent it resembles S. penttli-innnoidtK, Mi<j., I»ut itH {n.'Oiiflk^l
flowers make it very distinct from uuy of that •_"••■:
From Miquel's description it might l»e S. i>fli(Hciil»tni .
that the corolla is glabrous outside. This latter »|Mxtv* u
Javanese.
■J47. FlLETIA BKACTEUSA, C 1). Vlnik- .
A large shrub, eonsjiieuous fr<>m it^ whiti J1..\s».m>. alH»ut \ f»vl
tall or more, w ilh Irruiinal spikes, '1 inehes or s.i l<tug. Ilr.i«ti»
ovate, white. Caly.v a little longer, white Hni'-tfuli-jt t»M.
lanceolate, white. Se[)als live, lanceolate, frev lo the lw«i'.
Corolla tube short and thiik. no h.nger than the calyx ; up|^.T
lobe of limbs broadly ovate, obtuse, slightly ret ms4'. white; l.m.-r
lip oblong bilid side lobes, linear obhrnu'. a little K>ng«'r than tln.»
central elevated one, which is l»roud ami light yellow. ending in
a rounded white tip. The whole corolla i-^ alniiit 1 inch l«»nk'.
stamens four in two pairs, fdanients white, anther i-*ll« nn--. «
little above the other white tinte<l with fawn colour on the
back, which, like the ba.se of the stamens, i.s ciliat** with while
hairs. The capsule cluli .shaped. snbiu'Ute. 1{ incb Junv.
seeds flattened elli[.tie ina-piilatenil on very short n-tiiuciiU.
Clarke's description, or rather .liagnosis. is .so nhort that lUu
description taken fn-m living plants may umke the |>Unt
easier to recognise.
It is verv conuuon r-.und Teloin. The original |.Uul w«»
collected in Perak by Scrleehini. but no l«x-«litv w fvCi.nW
248. F. EiDLEYi, Cl'td'-.
Gunong Berumban at o.<KM» feet und tipwanls.
This resembles F. hrnrl,»^ii. but ix dwarfer
leaves. I« occurs on the drier i«iis ■•• •'■•
also ou the Semangko I'as^.
-v;
2i0. JUSTIOIA VAS0ULU«A, Wall.
Teloui. About 3 feet tal]. Flowers ])ale vellow entirely.
250. J. BKACTEATA, II. .^J^J.
A straggling herb, 2 or 8 feet tall, nearly glabrous with slender
branches. Leaves opposite, e(|iial, ovate to lanceolate, thin,
acuminate or acute, base cuneate, somewhat unequal, micU'ib
on the Ijack pubescent with close hairs ; nerves 6 pairs, 4i
inches long, 1-2 inches wide ; petiole pubescent, 1 inch long.
Cyme nearly sessile, terminal, about 1 inch long. Bracts
lanceolate, obtuse, green, } inch long. Sepals lanceolate
acuminate, obtuse, green, glabrous. Corolla less than ,j inch
long, glabrous, white ; the upper lobe inside striped with
purple; the lower lip with violet. Stamens two, filaments
glabrous. Anther cells, one above the other, elliptic oblong-
brown, both with white appendages, those of the lower cell,
twice as long as those of the other, as long or longer than the
cell. Capsule glabrous, ^ inch lorig, club shaped with a long-
point. Seeds four, flattened, round, juile brown, closely
pustulate.
Teluni and Gunoug Berumban.
The Berumban forjn is smaller in leaf and rather more rigid
and the bracts appear to have been purple.
251. Leda subcordata, G. B. Clarice.
A small, low-groAving weedy plant, with pure white flowers,
growing in the Batang Padang valley, among bamboos.
252. L. obovata, C. B. Clarice.
About 2 feet tall, with a weak slender spike of small flowers.
The calyx is brownish in colour with glandular hairs. The
corolla glandidar hairy on the back ; the upper lip dull
red with two yelhjw streaks, the tip inside bright yelloAV ; the
lower lip is yellow, streaked ou the palate with six red stripes.
Stamens two Avith very unequal red brown anther cells,
the filaments yellow Avith a red streak on the inner face.
This is common about Teloni and in the Batang Padang
valley from Jor to Tel 6m in wet spots in the woods, esjjecially
by streams.
VEliBEKACE.E.
253. Callioaepa lonoifolia, Lam,
In a Sakai clearing at Telom. Conimon in the low country.
254. Cleeodendron, sp.
A large shrub, almost a small tree with deltoid leaves entire and
corymbs of flowers several inches across. The flowers were
not seen, but the calyx is large with acute lobes, and red.
It is allied apparentlv to C frayraus and C. (■olehroolclanuui,
Walp,
On Cameron's pltiteuii, in low ,swtim})y ground.
LAIiJM/K.
255. (SCUTKLLAUIA DI.s<'Ol-(n{. Culi-lir.
AbuiKleiiit iit Teloiii C'iilii|t. I>\ lln' ihcr l.uiik aifl iu .Sttk«i
oleariiii;-s in sauily sjjuls.
Flowers Itlue.
Distrih.- YwVvA iiinl Javii.
256. GOMPHOSTEMMA UBLONGUM. ]\'iill.
Dr. Praia gives this plant t'lom the Au'laiuaiis uml mij.'vji'wt.i
tliat it may perhaps uecnr in the Malay iVniuHiilu. Wlmt
(after carelul ouiiii>arisuii uf description ami ilniwin;,'!. i up|Har<<
to uie undoubtedly this s[)eeit'S is ipiite eoMinioQ in tin- I't-nm-
sula. far more so than (.!. Srorlcr/ilnii. It Iuih wliity flowi-m
and a glabrous style and short teeth to the calyx tuU*. 1 1
was growing iu close masses round Sakai cK-jtrin^^H Hud in
other ]iarts of the Tehnn AV%jods, but only a few pliint* in
Hower. 1 have also cullected it in Johore on Bnkil iy>i^
uear Batu Pahat (Ridley. llo<»). i'ahang at Kotu (ilttuggi.
Pulau Tawar (No. 2148), Tahan Kivt-r and .-n the ruutv to
Semaugko Pass (No. 8504- ).
257. (Jr. CuKTisii, Praiii.
Telom, near a Sakai clearing, and plcntitul in a very wet »wtiiii|i
among Impat'u;n>' oui-'uliniihs.
258. Paraphlomis kugosa, Froln.
Damp low-lying ground, Telom.
APETAL/E.
AMAUAN'I ACK.K.
259. DfclEKlNOtA CKLOSl()ll>KS. Jtr.
About the 15th mile fn-m Tapah to J.-r.
The form of this i-laiit met wiili hciv i^ tin* iulaiul olie with
small tlowers and leaves. It is an e.vtreniely difTfrvnt.l.H.kiii^'
plant from the tyi)ical sea-sh..re siH.vies. but it »«tvm» tu \v
«reuerallv considere.l l'\ I'otanists an 8iK.Tilicully idfUli*-!!!.
2(30. Cyathula prostata, JU.
In Sakai eleariugH at Telom.
201. AcllYRANTHES ASPKKA, />•
In cleared groiuid. Telom.
1-(»I.V(;()NA(-'K.K.
262. POLYOONUM CUINKNSK, I,-
Scrambling over grass and bushe. at J.r. Telun, anU uo Ihc
lower slopes of Guuoug IJerumkin
Flowers white or roM'-pink.
])L.(nh. India, :\I.day i^hiud.-, Cliiim and Jaimu
riPERACE.-E.
263. ZiPPELlA LAPPACiJA, Bflill.
Ulu Batang Padaiig iu dense i'uresls.
Vistrib. — Java.
264. PiPEK MUKIOATUJ'J, i>. C.
Teloui.
265. P. POliPHYROPHYLLUM, N. E. Bl\
Bataiiy Padaiig valley.
266. P. PELTATUM, WUIJ.
Batang Pa<laug valley.
266a. P. MAGNiBACcuM, C. De C.
Telom ou rotten logs.
266/^. P. TRIANDRUM, C. I)C C
Telom.
266c-. P. KiDLEYi, C. Be C.
Telom.
266f?. P. PENANOJENSE, C. Bc C.
Telom.
Three more Peppers were found, which I have been unable to
identity. The most striking plant was an erect herbaceous
plant with a zigzag stem, usually unbrauched and very
oblique lanceolate leaves, the spikes short and in fruit
large coiled iu a circle with orange yellow fruits, nearly
as big as those of black pepper. It might be the plant
intended by Blume under the name of Piper arciiainm, but
that appears to be a climbing plant.
CliLORANTHACE.^O.
267. Chloranthus brachystaohyus, Bl.
Porests at Telom. Common in hill forests.
LAUIIJNE.E.
This order has not yet been worked up for the " Materials for a
Flora of the Malay Peninsula," and the whole collection
of Lavrinece, belonging to the Herbarium in Singapore, has
been sent to Mr. Clamble, who is at work on them, so that it
is impossible to fully work up the species collected. There
Avere, however, obtained, the following plants :
268. ACTINODAPHNE SESQUIPEUALE, HooJi. Jil .
A small-sized tree iu flower at Telom.
269. Endiandra, sp.
In fruit. A big tree, with large coriaceous leaves and elliptic
fruit, slightly narrowed towards the base, 3 inches long.
Ciilyx not enlai'ged in fruit.
Tehuu Cau)p.
5V)
270. Al.SKODAl'llNK i'r )
SliruL), with iuiri\)\\ ^itv Icaws.
(jrunoiig Btruiiibuu.
271. LlTSKA MYl;iSTlC'-KFt>l,I.\. Wnll.
A snuill-k-aved form. Tel<uu Kklj^'f.
Aud three other Lilf<r(i.<.
.NKL'KN 1 iiAi i:.i:.
Nei'ENTHES were reiiuirkalily sciuve all llir<»U','li thi-i riio<>n.
thoii<j,'h I'oiir species otTurrfil.
272. Nepenthes macfaklanei, Jhinl:. jil.
On Giinoiiy Beruml)iin. This plant lias app.ir«-ull\ ojilv Ixvu
recorded from Guuoii;j; Bulni. wln've all coJlf«t<.r« liavo
obtained it. It occurs also ( u the hills above the S.'HiaHK'l»«*
Pass.
273. N. SANGUINEA, Llthlc.
Telom.
274. N. GRACILLIMA, liUU.
Teloni, also occurs on Gun.>n^• Tahan.
275. N. KAMISl'lNA, /'. xp.
Stem climbing nearly tente. piilK."seent abovi-. wu^^ly Univ.ii
elliptic lanceolate ample.xieaul not de.-um-nt. i«u.liu« in .i
cirrhus. coriaceous. -I'^^'i'^^'^- except for the midrib on
both sides, whieh is pubescent; nerves iuviriible: :J-i m. !—
louy, .'.-■ inch wide; cirrhus 2-H inches lonj,'. puU- '
Pitchers (ascidia) cvlindric. narrowed at thr lni«^' and Um.
(3-8 iuches long, 1 inch thruu-h. puU-.scent ..ui.id.-. ^inu-
low keel like, usually bearing' bristl..«. [ inch long or k*..
sometimes nude. Peristome very narrow with cW. «rt
ridges, rumiiug up to the narrow nerk. I.id (..jH-n-uIuuU
orbicular, cordate. 1 1 imh across, a l.ttlo w.der •
•dabroiis, glands circular scattered, not very .•■. . •
Spur of three or four bifurcate proees«.-« puUt^-ut, . inch
Ion- Kaceme sknd.-r. nnbnui.he,!. «; in.lu^ Inn^. r -
pubescent. Pra.ts linear subulate. .',. in.h n.f..«.
Flowers solitaiv ..n skuder puU-s.-ent i^iluvU ,
Sepals four. ..bovate obtuse. .'.. inch lon^'. Uu-k ,
ed-ed with rufous hairs, thkkly coveivd w.lh .-hi
above. Staminal column al^-ut as huiw'. ml ;
Authers P2, glabrous. Fenuile rncenu' hhorfr '
inch Ion-, fus^iform. truncate. puU^H.-ent. T.^
on the top of the Semangko H.lls. Mnngor ( N - ^
eolkction). KemarUabk for th. bran-h-d .pm*^ on ■
:.;• the neck l.tueeu the ora-uluu. and .^n> ''kc •»..- -
JV. knt':ixu'':'l<i.
GO
nALANOrilOEAt'E.E.
These curious plants were uiore abuutlaut here than I have ever
previously seen in the Peninsula, not only in numbers of
specimens but in species.
276. Balanophoka gigantea, Wall.
Not common. A plant in the Telom Valley and one in the
Batang Padang valleys. The tuberous rhizome, about 6 inches
through, was dark orange colour. Bracts ovate subcoi'iaceous,
dark red. The spike of male flowers 3 inches long. Flowers
scattered on short white stalks. The ])etals four, reflexed
oblong obtuse, whitish with dark red tips. Anthers niune-
rous on a white column.
277. B. FoBBEsii, Fawe.
The commonest species, abundant all through the Telom Forests
and into Ulu Batang Padang. Bright red.
278. B. multibrachiata, Faivc.
Less common. Telum Forests and brought by Messrs. Kobiusou
and Kloss from the further woods towards Guuoug Irau.
The brillictnt scarlet branches of the rhizome of this handsome
species resemble a scarlet coral.
279. B. POLYANDRA, Grl£.
Tuber rather large, about as big as the fist, deeply buried, and
branching stems, only males seen, 4-8 inches tall, eylindric,
slender, dirty yellowish with white anthers.
This appears to be parasitic on a large woody liane.
It is not rare in the Telom Woods.
I'KUTEACJ-IJ':.
280. Helioia, xp.
At Telom, in fruit. This is a common species in the Malay
Peninsula, but is not to be found in the " Flora of British
India." It resend)les H. petiolata, but has entire and much
thinner leaves with longer petioles.
THYMELEACEJ;.
281. Daphne involucrata, Wull.
A shrub, with long-stalked white flowers, very pretty.
Ulu Batang Padang.
Dislrih. — Himalayas.
282. W1KSTR.EMIA Candolleana, Meissn., "Chandan."
On Gunong Berumban. A form with narrow lanceolate acute
leaves on Bukit S'tempat, one of the lower ridges of the
same mountain.
(U
l.<»i;.\.N riiACK.K.
283. LORAN'JHUS FORM08US, HI.
Toloin ; onlv fiillcji flcwfi^ cmiiM !..• ..l.taim-.l. nn it j^^w on %.rv
lofty tret's.
284. L. FERRU(:iNF.US, lio.ili. (r)
lu fruit. The f()lia«;o oxactly ivs.-ml.liiii,' tlmt of L./rrrtitjiHrma.
The fruit elliptic in outliii.', li'iru'^'iinuis, t«.iii.iif'.».-. ' nwh
long. On trees over tlie river, Tcloin.
];ri'll(»l!l!l.\(K.K.
285. PHYLLANTHr.«i MCSCOSUS, //. .</».
Large shruli, l>rauelies slcn<lii- l.r.iuii; vnin-^' partK nnl ik-iirfv
Leaves alternate, cliartaffoiis elliptic. sul>a<-ut«> t<> innin; ■
base rounded, iua-quilateral, glahnms, cxeept lli»' inidn'
the back, which is scurfy, 2-3 inches lon^^, 1 inch wide ; D«»rT«
inconspicuous above, about .six pairs, n.se<»Mdin>; din^-tlv ;
petiole sciu-fy, ■^\, iuch long. Male 11<»;v<ts l>«>nj«' on ntillAry
panicles, ] inch long or less, of three to tiv»> xhort l.niu<li«-«
covered with persistent rusty-brown bnwts oviite. I'eili.id
slender, -^\- iuch long. Perianth lobes four, r)btrinn^ilar, Uut»-
rate red disc of four henuspheric IoIh's. Stamens two, unthern
reniforni sessile. Female flowers in up|K'r axils sohturv or two
together. Bracts linear. Fruit trieocrous, nipsiile on a l«»n»{
slender peduncle. "2 imhes long. <lark brown eoven^l all oriT
Avith short papillae, ■, inch long. ShhIs n'uifonn with a
convex back and sharp inner angle dark red l>rown ohininc.
} inch long, finely transversely lined.
Gunong Berumban. This is allied t.. Ph. ijomph'trarftH*. but
differs in the bnu-teate paniele of the male flownp.. «hi<-b
resembles tufts of brown dry moss.
286. Breynia anoustifolia, Hool: fil.
A small tree. Fruit r.d with a v. ry Ur^ showy <-aKi Tlu
Batang Padang.
287. Baccaurka motlkvana. Ilnuh.jil.
A tree in the Telom Forests, only «e<»ms to .liff.T from iho mriU
known cuhivate<l "Kaud-ai" in its hiives. U.inj; iiAirowca
at the base, and the male rt..\vers In.rne on short.-r |»tl»o'U
I have never seen the " Kambni "" tnr wdil nnvwhom cl»r.
288. B.. .«/».
Telom. In fruit. Thi^ i.iueh rcM-mble^ 11 l'i>^ ' !•'" th.
leaves, which drv blaek. are ijlabrous and shim:
and nearly .sessi'le. The fruit spikes nm n.-arly 1 l-t i>-i»^
289. Cr.AoxYi.oN r.oN.jiK.M.iiM. .U'"//.
On Guuong Beruml«an.
62
290. Alchornea discolor, Hool-. jlJ.
Telom on tlie further side of the river. Small tree with red
leaves.
291. HoMALANTHus popuLiFOLius, Gray.
Coiiiiuou round '^IVloiu Camp.
292. Maoaranga triloba, Muell.
Teloni. This common low country tree ascends to about 4,000
feet altitude. Its bark was much in reqiiest for tying loads
293. Mallotus maorostachyus. MneJJ.
Telom near tlie river.
TTRTTCACE/E.
294. Ficus POMIFERA, Wall.
In damp low-lying ground by the Telom River.
Figs very large dull green blotched.
295. F. RosTRATA, Lani.
In forests, Telom. Figs orange.
29(1. F. LEPICARPA. Bl.
In forest at Telom.
297. F. CHARTACEA var. torulosa.
On Clunong Berumban.
298. F. iNuiCA var. gelderi.
On Grunong Berumban.
299. F. HIRTA, Vahl.
Common round the camps, Telom.
300. F. ALBA, Beimrdt.
Common Ijy the camp at Telom.
Leaves much larger than usual and upper part of stem
hairy.
301. F. PYRIFORMIS, Jfoo/c. _//7.
A little shrublet on rocks at a cascade at the 13th mile from
Tapah on the Jor route, growing well in the splash of the
water. Figs purple.
302. F. VARIOLOSA, Llll'U.
A bush with purplish figs. Common on Gunong Berumban.
303. F. DIVERSIFOLIA, Bl .
On Grunong Berumi^an.
304. HULLETTIA DUMOSA, Kil/q.
A tree of some size with large, deep green, coriaceous, shining
leaves. The inflorescence is a decurved fleshy circular disc on
an olHOiiic liast', vdlowisli ;;r.-cn, fn.m which |.i-..ji'«-i ]i', „r
more foiir-cent-d anthers. The <lisc is alx.ut I iueh ncrutot
aud veiT t'rai,'raiit.
Telom ill dense forest.
o05. Pellionia jatanica, BI.
Telom in low damp places l»y thr rivt-r.
oO(). Elatostemma macropuvlm M, linnjii.
Telom.
n07. E. LINKOl.ATUM. 117.
Damp spots, Telom.
o08. E. SESSILK, FoM.
IJucks in till' slrcams. Telom.
309. E. ACUMINATUM, Bi-nijii.
Telom.
310. Procris frutescens, B1.
Not rare, Telom.
311. POUZOLZIA BENNETTIANA, WL
In grassy places near the eamp at Telom. .N.^w t.. the
Peninsula.
312. P. VIMINEA, Weill.
Forests, Telom.
313. BoEHMERi.x sid.t;kolt.\. Wohl.
Telom.
Distill. — Tn<lia and Java.
( rmi.iFKH/i:.
314. QUERCUS PCJLCHRA, Kiinj.
A tree overhanu'ing the Telom River, (^nly m-nled fn-m
Borneo. Sarawak. Init the plant si-onis identical with theplftnt
figured by King.
315. Q. OMALKos, Korth.
Fruits gnawe.l l.y s,,uinels weiv pieked up in Telom.
31G C.A.S'rANOPSIS AROENTK.V, A. I>. C.
(^n the first rid-e In-tween Ulii I?ntan- Padai.ir anil Telnni and
at Telom Camp. Quite a small tree for a r - New
record for the Peniu.sula. As it ha. K.m. ue ^ '-"•l.v
iu Tenasserim aud Bnnnah. and uIho m th.- M i^
Dr. King in the "Annals of the Cnlcntta lj..ta.u. ;*•
e.xpressed an opinion that i. wouhl «1^^ U' found n„ th^
central range <.f the Peninsula, which pn^ph-vy !.«« tl.u. I^n
found correct.
(>[■
CiNETAC'EvK.
317. CtNetum brunonianum, Gr{f.
A small shrul). Commou on many hills of the Peninsnla. On
a dry ridge leading- from Telom to the Batang Padang valley.
318. G. LATiFOLiuivr, Bl.
A big climher in flower and fruit on a large tree at Telum
Camp, not previously recorded from the Peninsula.
CONIFER.^'].
319. PODOCATiPUS CUPRESSINA, Bv.
Forests in Telom Valley. Some large-si/ed trees and many
seedlings seen.
320. Dacrydium elatpm, WnJJ.
Some very hig trees on thf Telom Kidge.
MONOCOTYLEDONS.
OKCHIDE.E.
Although there were very many orchids growing al>ont Telom,
l)y far the greater number w^ere out of flower, so that this
list does not give any idea of what might be ol^tained earlier
in the year.
321. Oberonia porphyrochila, Eidl.
Apparently this species, originally obtained from Bnjang
Malacca, but it was in fruit only here.
322. 0. FLAVA, 7^ xp-
Stem short, 1 inch long, flexuons. Leaves narrow, linear,
falcate acuminate, 2 inches long, -^^ inch thick ; scape slender,
6 inches long, quite glabrous, the lower third nude except for a
few linear acuminate bracts, spike rather dense, flowers
minute yellow. Bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate,
entire, as long as the ovary sej^als ovate entire, obtuse,
reflexed, shorter than the ovary. Petals narrower lanceolate
entire, lips three lobed, lateral lobes short l)road ovate blunt,
middle much longer oblong, ending in two short acute
straight slightly divaricate lobe.*.
Telom Forests.
Allied to 0. gracilis, Hook, fil., and 0. caudata. King, but
with longer more distinct lobes to the lip than the first,
but not caudate aciuninate like the second.
323. LiPARIS ELEGANS, Liltdl.
Common on dry banks, Telom.
324. L. COMOSA, Ridl.
Common on trees at Telom. Pi-eviously only known from the
Taiping Hills.
(ir,
825. L, (§ MoLTjroij.i:), xp.
Common in dam]! spofK at 'I'fir.iii, Iml milv in fniir.
320. MlCROSTYLIS ACUTAN<iUr,A, 7/.'«,/.-. ///.
In fruit, Telom,
327. PlATVCLINIS UNKARirOLIA, lil'll.
Gr\iuouo;Bevuml)au on tlio top ti, ')()(• iVt'l. ()c<-\irs <.n Mt, Ojihir
and several of the Perak Hills at liiirli altitndf' Fl'-wi-rx
pale green, the keels on thf li). I.iown.
328. DenDUOBIITM LONOIPKS, Hunk. Jil.
On tlie top of Gnuon^f I'enunl'an in Howor. Sepals and |rf>tals
white rose tinted. Lip wliite, hdK's streaked brown, tipx
yellow, midlolie with au orange yellow Motrh and whiii- tip,
column white.
329. D. (§ Pedilonum) clarissimum, v. >*p.
Stems about 1 foot long or more, flexnous. [ imdi tllroll^dl.
slightly flattened. Leaves tliin, lanceolate, acute. 2-t iu<ln'H
long, :,- inch through, l>ase rounded, ul)]i(|ue. Haceiiif
subterminal, of about four or five flowers on a rarluH. 2 inchi-n
long. Bracts very small, ovate, acute. Pedicels slender. I'
inch long. Flowers 1 inch across, white. .S'i»als ovate,
acute, broa 1. Petals obovate, obtuse, larger, witli a round***!
tip slightly tinted with pink. Mentum 1 incli long. cyHn-
dric, then dilated, ending in a short point. Lip base linear,
blade quadrate, finely fimbriat<> on the margin entire.
Stelidia of the oohimn short rounded obs.mv onin,'.-. antli.T
ovate, blunt.
Telom. A single plant in flower near t lie ca.s. ad.- .md •■u.' or two
more seen nearer the camjv
A verv pretty species near Jh Ininttimjil- ridn, H<M.k. til., with
broader leaves and a dilYerent mentmn and lip.
330. BULBOPHYLLUM (§ SeSTOCHILUS) POLY-STICTIM, II. »}>.
A long-creeping rhizome, rather st.uit pseudobiilbs diMtant,
cyliudrie, 3 inches h.ng. Leaves coriaceous elliptic oblong.
petiolate obtuse at the tip an.l gradually narrowisl to the
petiole, 8-12 inches h.ng. 2 '. inches wi.h-. ^'a\<*' -ne llo«en>l.
4-6 inches long, with three or four oblong cuspidal.- ».h.«.ilhi
at the base. Flower large. Upp'r .sepal, -i inches long. J
inch wide at the l»ase, lanceolate acuminate, the Imvk y.'llow.
thicklv spotted with red. passing into d.dl manvou n-l on tho
edges,' in front palco. invous yelh.w. lower s^'i^ils thnv-fourlh.
the length of the upper one, lanceolate acuniuiiilo. 1 inch
wide lit the base, connate with the column f—t. outjude
o-reenish. spotted with blackish rM at the tip. the Xjmo UiH<^l
with red, inner fa.-c reddish pun.-tate black |>etal.. Lip
Dec. Ifm.
ovate, cordate with a deep noteli at the base and roiinded
lobes open, acuminate, fleshy, curved, sides elevated, upper
surface jjiukish with an orange spot in the notch, under sur-
face pinkish, thickly spotted with black purple at the tip.
Column foot long, curved, yellow with red spots, stelidia
obscure, hardly distinguishable, orange. Anther orange.
Telom on the track to Gunong Berumban, climbing up a tree
trunk. A handsome species, perhaps as near B. LobhH,
Lindl., as any, but with very different distant pseudob\ill)s.
831, B. (§ MONANTHA PARVA) TINEA, H. .^p.
Rhizome very slender, filiform, pseudolmlbs oblong, prostrate,
with the tip ascending, distant, ^ inch long and as far apart.
Leaves narrow, oblanceokite, spathulate, dilating from the
base upwards, obtuse, 1 inch long, ~ inch wide. Scape
filiform, 3 inches long, with a small lanceolate, appressed
bract. Flower solitary, I inch across, upper sepal lanceo-
late, acute, I inch long, lower ones semi-ovate, obtuse, broader,
all yellow orange streaked with dai'ker orange. Petals very
small, linear, oblong, yellowish with a pale green midrib. Lip
fleshy, blunt, longer than the petals straight, oblong,
pustular, dull reddish purple. Stelidia long, subulate, longer
than the column.
On trees on Gunong Berumbtm at 6,000 feet altitude.
This is allied to B. catena lium, Eidl., differing in its larger
leaves and ])seudolndbs and broad-roimdc^l sepals, which
suggest the appearance of a small orange-coloured moth,
whence the specific name.
332. Bui.BOPHTLLTJM (§ Hirtula) trichoolottis, ». .';/).
Rhizome short with crowded pseudobulbs, \ inch long,
cylindric, covered with fil»rils. Leaf elliptic, narrowed to
the base, apex obtuse, coriaceous, 6 inches long, 2i inches
wide, haixUy petioled ; scape very slender, 2-j inches long,
pale green, Avith one or two lanceolate, acute, sheathing leaves.
Flowers six, crowded at the tip subcapitate, small. Bracts
ovate, acute, veiy small, green. Pedicel and ovary, -^ inch
long, pink. Sepals equal and subsimilar lanceolate, acute,
upper one gibbous on the back, -} inch long, margins of upper
one ciliate, yellowish reticulated with dark maroon purple,
lower ones more ovate connate at base. Petals rather more
than half as long, linear oblong subacute yellowish edges and
lined with maroon purple, margins Vmg ciliate, lip shorter
than the sepals fleshy flattened, tongue-shaped obtuse, thick,
pustular base of limb refuse with two acute points deep
crimson, paler in the centre edge, ciliate, claw thick channell-
ed, pale greenish yellow. Column stout, stelidia green, of
G7
two l)roa.l sliort aciil,. lul.,..s. .Mill....- Hal l.r..a.l ..l.ln.iif.
iiuiroiu ciliate. Telmu, l.n.ii^Mit |„„„,. aliv an-l H.-w.-n-O in
the Botauic Gardens, Fel>niar\, |!m»:».
This species beluun-s i,, <he -inni. ul' JInlula ami PH,.|iil.ltii
-B. Irirfnhn>i, Ri.ll., and /y. Inn'nlH,,,, Lin. II.. in umnv |Hjinl-.
The flowers indeed are very lik.' lhc..,r ..f //. liiHuhini, l.iit it
differs from both of these in its much hir^,'.T l.-aves, und tin*
flowers crowded to^'eth.-r into a head. Th.- nizi' of th«*
infloresoenec is al)sur.ll\ small \\,v the si/.- ..f \U,- foliayi'.
333. B. CONIFERUM, II. sj).
Rhizome sliort and thick, jiscndnlndlis ', in.-li Inii^j. rr.»Hd-
ed toi^-ether cylindric, cu\('i-i'(l witii tii.riU. Li>uv<ti v»tv
coriaceous, thick, spathuhite iian-uwcil to a thannfll.Ml |M-ti.i|i..
rounded at tlie tip, inches km:,', and 1 1-1 ! inch in th.- wi.lr.it
part, light-shiniug green. Scape purple, 6 inches lon^. ,", inch
thick, with one or two lanceolate acuminate nheathinjj hractH.
] inch long. Flowers very densely set in a conc-shaiK'd tipiki'.
very small. Bracts ovate acute, much longer than the ovury.
cuspidate purple. Ovarv extremely small, sunk in tht* lhi<k-
eued rachis. Upper sepal lanceolate green striped and tipj»-<l
with fuscous purple, .^\^ inch long, lower pair connate into iin
oval organ olttuse, as long, green edged with purple, nil
minutely pnberulous. Petals linear lancolate, grei-n, puU's-
eeut, half as long as the sepals. Lip shortiT, ovate. Hut
fleshy base, truncate retuse, apex rounded, light gre<Mi. Column
very small, stelidia ovate, obtuse, entire: anther broad trann.
versely oblong, rounded, grooved Ijetwivn the eell.M. margin
truncate emarginate, nearly as largo as the lip anil rpiite a«
In'oad and bigger than the column.
Telom, on trees. Flowered in the Botanic Cianlens, Febniar}-.
1909. This species approaches Jl l,i»lf, Hdib. fil . and
B. gracilijjex, King and Pantling, but is quite .liff.T.'nt in
foliage from either, and the Howers are smaller and form a
dens(^ head.
334. B. GIG AS. Bidl.
In fruit. Telom. O.curs also on the Taipim; Hill*.
335. B. CAPITATUIM, L'unH.
Gunoug Beriimban. Usuall\ f.-und at most hijrh altitudi'* in
the Peninsula.
336. B. (;j Kackmo.sa) .\KArM\nKs. n.^p.
Rhizome woody. P.seudobulbn clos.', ver>- small ''vUii'ln'' Irun-
cate, ' inch long. Leaf coriaceous lanee<i!nto
gra«lually narrowed to the ix»tiole, 6 iuclien 1.;.-. ;
petiole 2 inches long. Raceme. 8 inches long, oni-t. Flowr*
about 12. Bracts small, ovato. pnn- whilo like the oranr.
68
Sepals ovate, lanceolate filiforin caudate, base rounded jj-ib-
bous, white nearly 2 inches long, the tail being 1^ inch long.
Petals oblong truncate orange, shorter than the broad part of
the sepals. Lip oblong, obtuse, flat, rather thin yellow.
Stelidia of column erect, short setiform.
Telom on a fallen tree by the first stream to the East.
The finest species of this group I have seen, the white sepals
Avith their long tliread-like tails give it a very pretty
appearance.
337. Eria bidens, BUUeij.
On trees on Telom Kidge. Fruit only.
3o8. E. LONGIFOLIA, If OOA-.//.
Clunong Berumban and other high ridges near Telom.
339. E. MAJOR, BUn.
On Gunong Berunil)an.
340. E. TENUI FLORA, JRltll.
On trees at Telom.
341. E. FEROX, Bl
Gunong Iran.
342. E. TERETIPOLIA, Grljf.
Com mini on Telom Ridge. CTunong Beiiimban. etc. Occurs on
all our higher hills.
343. E. (§ Bractesoentes) carnea, n. sp.
Stems tufted cy lindric, 8 inches tall, | inch through, with long
wiry roots. Leaves elliptic lanceolate acuminate acute, nar-
rowed to the base, 10 nerved, subpetioled, G inches long, 1
inch wide. Racemes two in the uppermost axils lax, about 12
flowered, slender, 3 inches long, subtended at the base by a
lanceolate acuminate papery bract, H inch long. Bracts
persistent oblong lanceolate, thin, pale, ^ inch long. Pedicel ^
inch long, slender, pubescent. Upper sepal narrow lanceolate
linear acute curved, 1 inch long, laterals broad at the base,
falcate acuminate, mentuni scrotiform rounded. Petals nar-
rower than the upper sepal, linear curved. Lip three lobed,
lateral lobes 1)road, ovate, falcate, large, minutely papillose,
midlobe ovate orbicular acute with a very short narrow ba.se,
prominently marked with radiating veins, two short-raised
ridges run on the base of the side lobes, thickest at the termi-
nation, and three lower undulate ones run along the disc to
the midlobe. Coliunn short and broad as long as its foot.
Anther oblong.
Telom, on trees overhanging the river. The flowers are small,
dull flesh colour with some yellow on the lip. It is allied to
E. recurvafa, Hook. fil.
09
o4:4:. I^HKKATIA OUASSIFULIA, tl . sj>.
Stems very short. \ iucli lun-,'. six-leuvd. U-av... Ilc-liv.
linear curved, 1 [ inch loiif;, ,'„ inch acrom*. 8ptk«-H Ioo^it
from the upper ;ixils, 1 '. inch loni,'. I«ise witli one or t wu Lucv-
olate acuminate sheaths, the l»iKK«'»l I, iueh luu^^ Howit*
densely crowded, numerous, white. Ih-.ictM jmlo laiictolaU.-
acuminate. lou<,'er than the Ikiwi-rs. Ovary nhort. thick |«i|iil-
lose shortly stalked. Sepals ovute obtuse, meutuiii hliuii
serotiform. Petals lanceolate olttuse, nearly u.h hrwiui un |Im«
sepals. Lip ovate subacute, cordate uu the frvr- narruw
colunui tout. Ct'lumu very short, margins of cliuaiidriuiii
elevated. Anther l>road, distinctly two celle<l.
Near Teloni (Mr. H. C. Kohinsonj also on Taiping HilU.
This small species ditl'ers noticeably in the elo»t'-»vt Hiiiliy
sul>terete curved leaves, nuich shorter and conipacter tliaii
those ol" 1'. niinuiijim-ii, Jjindl.. of which I pn'\iou«l»
considered it a form. There is. however. lM->,idc.-. ihiH.u differ-
ence in the flowers: the lij). instead of U'in^,' ab.-.<ihite|y adiiiitf
bv its base to the column l>ase, is borne on a short fuut. ami
is mort- widely ovate at the base.
345. AuilOSTUFUYLLU.'M MAJUS, Hnok. jH.
On trees. Telom Woods, a lar<,'e form.
U4b*. Ckratostylis okacims, ///.
TelAm Woods.
0-t7. COLX-AHIUM N'KIU'LUSLM. />'/.
Sporadic in daiii[) woods at 'J'eloiu. Jn flower. b_> the iiMc^ik*.
o4S. Nephklai'hvlia.m i'li.luui.m. />'/
Telom.
349. N. TENUIFLOKUiM, Ul.
On Gunon'4 Berumbaii. Petals and .M-pal.-> olive '^r^xu. Ii|> wbilc
with violet edi;e and streaks in ceutn-.
35U. Spathoolottis aiuea, Limll.
Telom.
351. Calanthk vekatkikoi.ia. A'. Jti'
One of the various forms with a lax raceme.
Woods towards Cann-ron's phileau. l.elow Ouuou- IW-nnnUui.
just coming' into flower
352. C. OVATA, //. xj:
Leaves several. ..bovale to Ian late ciiHpidalo. i«m.^-
base, plicate, five ribU-d. ^labrou.. H mclu^ h^u^. ^
wide ; petiole 6 inches lon^^ S.»l.- :i«) im-ln* t*ll «.lh nu-
ns flowers, slender, nicenie i inches I • *
hortly cuspidate. pub>^.vut. lH.-n»lslcut. ,
70
cues lauceolate, acumiuate, cus]>idate. Flowers about 25,
smaller than those of C. veratrifolia, on slender pedicels, w
inch long. Sepals and petals Avhite, ovate, cuspidate. Petals
narrower, subspathulate, j, inch long. Lip short, a little
longer than the sepals, four lobed ; lateral lobes erect, oblong,
rounded, niidlobe obovate, bilobed ; lobes short, broad,
I'ounded edges, fimbriate. Callus horse-shoe shaped, yellow.
Column violet. Fruit elliptic, 1 inch long; spur filiform,
^ inch long.
Telom, banks of the stream near the camp.
Allied to C. veratrifolia, but with more distinctly-petioled leaves,
smaller flowers and shorter, broader lij).
353. C. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Lilldl.
Plentiful on Gunong Berumban. Flowers pure Avhitc, except
the two horn-like calli and base of the obovate midlobe
yellow. The spur as long as the short ovary and pedicel.
354. C. ANGUSTIFOLIA var. flava.
With the pure white form of C. anyustifulia, Lindl., on Gunong
Berumban was found a plant, which differed conspicuously
in its flowers being of an ochre yellow. The leaves are
somewhat broader, but not as broad as in C. albolutea, Eidl.,
and the petals and sepals are short and blunter as in
C. angastifuUa, the lip is rather more deeply cleft. Possil.ily
it is a natural hyljrid.
355. C. ALBOLUTEA, RicJI.
Gunong Berumban.
850. C. MONOPHYLLA, ll. SJ).
Leaf solitary, ovate, acute, slightly narrowed at the base, five
nerved, 6-7 inches long, 3 inches wide, glabrous ; petiole
slender, 3-6 inches long. Scape lateral erect, 7-9 inches long,
glabrous, bearing four or Hve nodding flowers at the top.
Bracts lanceolate acuminate, ^ inch long. Ovary and pedicel
nearly 1 inch long, sepals and petals ovate, cuspidate,
^ inch long, rose-pink. Lip tvilobed, lateral lobes short,
oblong, acute, midlobe narrow, spathulate bilobed w^ith
roi.uided lobes, spur very short and straight, not dihite at the
tip. Fruit elliptic, narrowed at the base, 1 inch long,
pendent.
Telom by the track near the eamp. Only two plants seen.
It has the general appearance of a Geodorum in its small pink,
never expanded flowers, and is apparently self -fertilized.
357. DiLOCHIA CANTLEYI, RuU.
Summit of Guuuug Beriunban. In fruit. It also occurs on
Cuuong Bubu and Guaou-- Inus.
B58. Akundina si'ij('1()sa, ///.
Saul to bf cMimun'U in tiiis distrid. I tli<l ii<»t tilnl it, liiit
Messrs. Kobiiisoii ami Kluss i'<»uu<l it l>cwffii 'IV-loni iui>l
Kuala Lipis.
359. CCELOGYNE SVEClOSA, LilnU.
Oil trees uear r'anicrun's jilatt-au aii'l < iiiii'«ii'_' Iran lit lluwrr.
360. C. I'KllAKKNSIS, Iloiih. Jil.. C. SUI.I'IILKKA. /t'"//. M->t>r'utl», I,.
p. 132, not h'riih. Jil.
(jrunou*;- Iran (Messrs. K(.>laii,>>i>ii and Kluhsi.
Doubtless Hooker is rii,'lit in separatiu;; tLe Mulav IVuiuhuIu
plant from the Javanese C. t>uli>lnin,i.
3<'»1. C. CARNEA, H'lul;. /il.
Guuuii^' Iran.
Several other C<elijtiyiir.< were seen, but ii'-t in ll"W<i < hie
a])peared to be C. asjin-atu, Liiull.
3(i2. PhOLIDUTA I'AKVIKI.oKA. H'xih. Jil.
Oil a fallen tree at Teli'uii.
363. EULOPHIA MAC'KUKKHIZA, HI.
On the track to Jor, Ulu Batan- Fa.laii-. This riiri'-UH U<«fl.>*
and apparently saproi»hyti<- species is almost entirely of a
dull reddish cJlour. The fh.wers dull red, the lip pink with
a whitish Ijar in the centre, and a piirpl.- ba^-. tlic npur
Avhite. It ap[)ears to I'e exactly IWuiue's plant
Oijk Dll'UDIUJl riCTL'.M. Urhh.jil.
On trees between the Sakai .•le;irini:> and the nver and eU--
Avhere at Tehuu in full th-wer. A very h-ht-euluurvil form
with few and small white spots. This plant s.vmH .-luallx
at home in the damp i-resls ..f the pl.iin.s and on the dix
mountain ridj^es. 1 have b-und it in the SeHiaiiK'ku l'a«« ««
a hei^d\t of t.<"><' f<'''t. as \sell as in the h-w furv»l» of
Sing-apore.
365. Grammatoi'kvi.i.i.m si'E»iosi-m. ///.
A small plant seen -n a lallen W across the river ut T.-Immi-
366. Kenantheua mail- una. /-""''
On trees overhan^dnu'th.Tel.-.m Itivcr. Coiumuii. hut o,,h *
few in flower.
367. SaCCOI-AHU \I MINl,MKI,OUC.M. /'. "i'-
Stem. 3-4 inches Ion,'. L^-ive. linear, llchv. cur.ol. Jl .ochr.
h.nj;, ,\, hich wide; sheath., i ineh h.n,'. ribU^l !nfl..n^n-
panieled. very slender. T, inchi-b lou^ ; l-i-l
branches fouV. n eiy -Kudei . 3 iucU* Wu. li ■ .:- - .
the base. Bniets persisleut huiceulute, aeuuiiucite, .,',, iueli Itjug.
Flowers uinuerous, minute, wliite. Upper sepal lanceolate,
latei'als broader, ovate, cuspidate, keeled. Petals as long,
linear oblong, truncate narrower. Lip, lateral lobes indis-
tinct, rounded, hemispheric, erect, midlobe fleshy, base
narroAV, apex dilated, elliptic, ovate, obtuse in the centre, a
rounded callus, beneath a larger conic thickening, spur
elliptic, thick, obtuse, shorter than the ovary, as long as the
lip, pendent not partitioned. Column short ; anther hemi-
spheric, grooved above, beak triangular up-curved. PoUinia
pedicel linear, disc triangular.
Telom, on a fallen tree by the track.
Allied to S. i)eriJusHhim, Hook, til., but differing in its l)ranched
inflorescence, glabrous flowers and the curious form of the lip.
368. Thrixspermum, s/j., near lilacinum, Eclib.fil.
This plant, which was abundant on dry banks at Telom, bore no
trace of flowers. I haA-e also met Avith it on the Taiping
Hills, near the top, but equally flowerless. It has the
habit of T. lilacinum, Rchb. fil., but is much more slender and
weaker with smaller leaves.
369. Sarcochilus acuminatus, n. sjj.
Stem ^-2 inches long. Leaves few, elliptic, narrow insequilateral
at base, apex obtuse, 3-4^ inches long, f-l inch Avide.
Raceme rather stout, 3 inches long, hardly thickened above
the pedicel. Bracts persistent, small, ovate, acute. Sepals
and petals long lanceolate, acimiinate, 1 inch long, yellow.
Lip three lobed, side lobes skin, midlobe short, straight, white
spotted with purple on the base. Spur long. Column
yellow.
Telom, on a tree by the river. Remarkable for its long narrow
petals and sepals.
370. PoDOCHILUS SCIUROIDES, iic/ifc. y^/.
Completely covering dry banks like moss at Telom. Very
abundant at some spots.
o7L P. UNCIFERUS, /foo/i-. /f7.
On trees, Telom.
372. P. CORNUTA, Schlechter.
Gunong Berumban,
873. P. LANCiFOLiA, Schlechter.
On trees at Telom and near Cameron's plateau.
374. P. HAssELTi, Schlechftr.
On trees by the river, Telom. Also occurs in the Tahan Valley
ju Pahaug and Java.
•375. LiALKol.A lAVANK A, liinlll.
A tiiu- duiH|. ..f this plant. i-xa.llv .vmMiil.lii.- Uluiiu,'. Hkuw in
KumpLui. 1. (J<>, wus iuuM.l l.v ll... plant «.IKvt.,r in tlir
-Batau^' Pa.Ian^' vaiirv ..n tiii- ivturn joiiniLV. It U.r.-
both tiuwers ami fruit. This is u fin.- u.l.liti..u U. th.. fl..ni.
It is a nativ.* ..fJava. l.iit a -Irawin^' .,f th.- plant fn-ni A.«.ii..
by Masters and siM-rinit-ns fmni C.-vh.n .•..ll.ct.-.l l.% Thw.m. ,
show its wider ilistrihiitiun.
370. TkOPIDIA StiUAMATA, HI.
On drier ridges at IVlnin and <{iin>'n.r litriinilmii.
377. Aphyi.lurchis »'ai.lii»a. HI.
Lower shjpes of Crnnon^' Bennnl>an.
o7b. LecANUKCHIS MALACCEN.S1S, A'/'//.
Telnni Woods.
379. An.4;ctochii.us KEiNWAiarrii. III.
Teloui, uot ]>leutifid.
380. Zeuxine biloba, h. .>2'.
Stem below the leaves siKculeiil. •> iiuhes tall. will.
eight iuternodes. Leaves ovate. laiic-olate, in-tiolci. juut.-.
base rounded, 2i -3 iuehes long, ,-1 imh wide, with uuiuer\>iu
nerves; petiole o-, inch long, slender; Mheuthii uiiipUatf.
cvlindi-ie, with an a<-uniinate, ovate \nAn\, en.linu' iu tlw
petiole. Scape 8 inches lony, pulH-seent, l<asahi iniluii. nud.*
except for some three sheaths with acuminate ti|M, j luch
more or less. Kaceme lax, about 2t» tlow.-rtil. puUmvui.
Bracts lauceohite acuminate. l'p|Mr sepal laneeiilati* obliu**.
thin, white at tip. reij spotted at the Uuse. luL-nilii ••bl..tj^'.
obtuse, larger, red hairy, J inch long. IVtaU ibin. |«1.-.
linear, obtuse, forming a galea with the dorMtl iH-|»ttl nnd littlr
smaller than it. Lii> l»a8e sa<Tat«'. narrow iiiu' forw«nl» iu
the claw of the niidloU'. which is short clmu^t■l!t^l. with •
pair of triangular lol>es. very small, on th.- mar ^'
of two large, white, oli .vale, rounded lob -* a;
to the line of the lip. Whole lip 1 in.h long lUiil »* l..og
across the loU-s, calli in the wu- of two l.>w nburt rivnuUlc
rid-es. Column short, with two low rjilv"-" in fr>>nl Anthrr
tap long and narrow, lanciolate acui.
length of the upp.-r sepal. I'olliuia l.i _
a large linear oblong disfc. Kosttdhir »iru»» linmr. ubUm-.
■IVlom. on the ri.lge alK.ve th.- Uiitaug PwdaMg taJk-y.
38L HeT.KKIA I-AICIKL'-KA. »'. "/'.
stem Ulow the leaves. •> iuche» 1
Leave- !!;iir..w l,iii.,ale acuniin
7-1.
base, 2 iuelies long, t inch wide ; petiuie ^',, inch long : slieatlis
I inch or less, narrowed npAvards to the petiole, five ribbed.
Peduncle with raceme 3} inches long, slender below, 2^
inches, nude except for two acitmiuate sheaths, raceme 1
inch long, six flowered. Kachis pubescent. Bracts lanceolate
acuminate, enwrapping the ovary and as long, jV i^*-'!^ long,
glabrous, ovary pubescent. Flowers ^\ incli long. Sepals
ovate, obtuse, glabrous, red, dotted with white spots (rap-
hides'?). Petals white, linear, much uari-ovver. Lip shorter
than the sepals, saccate, ovate (when expanded), Avith the tip
rolled i;p into a tube ; calli, two semi-ovate ridges at the
base and two fleshy, short, central keels. C\)lumn broad and
short. Anther large, ovate, acuminate. Pollinia pyriform,
elongate, with a large conspicuous, elliptic, thick, fuscous disc.
Stigma deep and wide, wuth long-projecting rounded walls.
Kostelhnn broad, with two distinct subulate points and
refuse betw^een. Telnm. Only a single s])ecimen. In the
form of the lip perhaps this resembles H. frisfata, Bl., as
much as any. The pollen masses with the largo thick disc
and the large stigma are unusual.
382. H. ELATA, Hook. Jil
I obtained this on banks by the track up Grunong Berumban,
near tlie top, and, having compared it with the figure of the
fvpe in IcoHes FlantarNDi, 2191, have no doubt that it is the
plant intended, which was desc-ribed from plants collected by
Scortechini and by Wray in the Batang Padang valley. The
plant I described, however, froju Mt. 0]jhir seems to be
distinct. Sir Joseph Hooker had some difficulty in making-
out the structiu'e of the lip and column. My specimens,
however, were good enough to make it out clearly. His
description in the " Flora of British India" is so short that
it is, perhaps as well, to give a more full one.
Stem very short below the leaves, about 1 inch long. Leaves
three or four frojn near the base, ovate, acuminate ; base
rounded, 4 inches long, H inch wide, rather prominently
three nerved ; petiole 2 inches long, rather thick and sheathing
for half its length. Peduncle and raceme 18 inches tall, lower
part nude, except for three or four distant, lanceolate, acumi-
nate sheaths. Raceme very dense, many flowered, 4 inches
long, Ipubescent. Bracts lanceolate, long, acuminate, cuspi-
date, 4- inch long, longer than the ovary. The sepals ovate,
obtuse, -fV inch long. Petals oblong, obtuse, as long. Lip
shorter, ovate, saccate, sides towards the tip thickened and
involute, folded, tip ovate, subacute ; calli two, thin, oblong,
laminas from the inside at the base and one horizontal,
obtuse, median. Column short. Anther short, pyriform,
beak blunt. Ixo^telluni broad, ■with two bhorl points, !>ti^'-
/ •>
iimtic wall broad with tw.j short iL-i'th. (.•.i|ii.uli- flliplk-, ;
iiK-h loi)|4', fiowiiHd witli tin- [n-rsiHtrut i-uhiinii.
Banks on the toj) of Gjiiion;,' liiTimiUin. \lrut •.hiujnitl l»r
Wray iu Batang Padaii-;.
383, Habenaria inconsi'icua, //. /<y..
Whole plant uoarly 2 IV. t tall, v.-rv hlender l-aM? of i.tt'iu. 4-iJ
iuehes, undo exeipt 1'or a IVw shwiths. L)>ave« uliuut tit.
thin, riaecid, lancc'<»latf. a<-iuninatf, 3-4 iuuln-n loug and !-;
inch wide, above a iVw linear aciimiMatf hmctM. Kattiu**
(5-8 inches luni^, slender. Flowers nuiiicroUH. ' I.
very small <^Teen. ratlier di.stant. Bijuth lan<eoI .
uate, keeled, I inch lou^r ; sejiuls ,'„ inch louj,' ; u|.|j«.'r one
erect, lanceolate; lower ones deHexed UMu-alh the liji, Um-w-
late, acuminate. Petals lar^'er, entire, erect, triuu^iikr with •
broad base. Lip three loK'd, central loU' linear, obi iiiM-,iilM>iit
as long- as the sepal, three nerved ; sith' JoU-s Hlif<>rin. Iint-ur.
nearly twice as lonj,'. Spur slender, cylindric. ciirvtil, i»li;;htly
dilated toAvards the tip or n<it, I. inch lou-,;. C'uUimn wry
small ; anther cells short, rounded with thivk u|M'urvi-d •(iur»,
nearly as lonsj;-. I'ollinia small with a .short j».ili. . ' ' .
nearly as lowj:. SliLrmutir ji.bcs r"und>'d. *niall n
linear.
Damp flat ground at Teloiu. in l.-pst, but niili.-r o|«-ii •^'p-uiuI.
A very inconspicuous plant.
Al'06TASl.\(i:.K.
38J-. ArosTAsiA Wallrhii. h'. Br.
Woods at Telmn. Comui-.n all -'v.-r th.- I'mmaula.
385. A. LATIFOLIA, lliilf''.
Telom Kidge. This ditlers tr-.m KolfeH tU-Mc-riptiun iu iU
bracts, which, he says, are not .^^o di.stiuctly devel
base of the panicle as iu .1. Wollirhii, U. Hr. Th' .
ever, very conspicuous and large, over 1 iucli K»ug. Uncri'Utr,
acuminate, in these siH.'ciniens.
SCiTAMINK.K.
386. Gl.OHHA CKKNl'A. Ilil'.
The commonest species at Teloui.
3b7. Gl. I'KKAKliNSl-*. 7i/'//.
Not rare at Telom.
'6^'6. Gl. REGAl-IS, II. Xj'.
Whole plant 4 feet tall. I'a^' liude ex^vpt f. :
with short stitT hairs, ligule oblong tnin.ii:. *
lanceolate or ovate. lan,-e..|»to «ith « Ten l..ntf iwrr.w |-»ut,
narroNved sliirhtly to the Uxhv and •«"
Ion-, 3 inches w ide , the cu^l. 1- 1 \ twU 1
7(i
(>u the back, Lairv, lip aud cusp scabric!. J;*aiiicle strict, 18
inches lung', with iiuineruus distant l)rauches i inch long,
bearing two or three flowers, all ivory white. Bracts deci-
duous lanceolate, /g inch long ; ovary small, globose, glabrous.
Calyx canipanulate, very short and broad, 1^ inch long, wi1,h
three short teeth, cuspidate. Corolla tube twice as long
]>ubescent above. Petals I inch long, boat shaped, violet.
Staniinodes broader, shorter, obovate. Lip narrow oblong
shortly bilobed, lobes rounded. Stamen filament I inch
long, anther elliptic with two linear acuminate deflexed spurs,
rising from the base, all bright orangw
Telom, l>y stream banks, not rare but few plants in Hower.
Near GI. violacea, Kidl.
389. Gl. VALIDA, n. sji.
Plant ab(-»ut o feet tall ; sheaths spotted with purple glabrovis
except on the edge near the mouth which is hairy ; ligule
refuse with hairy edges, ^\,- inch long. Leaves elliptic or
ovate lanceolate, shortly cuspidate, 7 inches long, 2 inches
wide, pale beneath, glabrous. Panicle 18 inches long, with
distant rather stout branches 1 inch long, bearing two or
three flowers. Bracts caducous. Calyx cupular, ^^^ inch
long, with three cusps. Corolla tube i inch long, lobes
cvmbiform, half as long. Stamiuodes linear oblong obtuse,
much longer, all orange yellow. Staminal tube j',, inch
long. Lip shorter linear oblong refuse. Stamen filament
from aljove lip over i inch (whole flower 1^ inch) long.
Anther oblong cells shightly divaricate at the base, spurs
subulate slender from the Itase two, shorter than the anther.
Telom Woods, distinct in the very long stamiuodes. A big-
stout plant.
390. Gl. (§ Maranteilaj 3iAoiiANTHERA, //. .s^*,
Plants 3 feet or more tall. Leaves ovate to lanceolate-ovate,
cuspidate base, shortly cuneate, glabrous, paler beneath ;
petiole j'„-inch winged to the base ; ligule short, rounded,
hairy ; sheath hairy on the edge. Panicle 8 inches long,
slender with distant few-flowered branches, i inch long.
Bracts persistent linear oblong, nearly ^ inch long and i\
inch Avide. Calyx cylindric teeth short, lanceolate, j inch
long, orange. Corolla tube ^ inch long, lobes ovate lan-
ceolate, upper one hooded yellow, ] inch long. Stamiuodes
elongate linear oblong, j inch long, yellow. Lip base narrow^
lobes divaricate excurved, yellow with a small central orange
blotch, fuscous in the centre. Stamen filament very long, 1^
inch long, translucent, spurs four, long acuminate. Telom,
l)v the stream.
/ /
Tliis is ijociiliav frum llic i^rcaf l<'n;,'tli nf tin- >■<
Descrilted from livin<:f l.lant.s ; wIr-ii ilrv, tin* |.r«'i i
the flowers are smaller.
It seems allicil to 67, rmnhi, Bak.
391. Camptandra LATIFOLIA, liidl.
upper part of Guuoni; liemniliaii.
Flo\Yers pure Avhito, except for a V(ll..u sp.it in th.- mouth.
392. CONAMOMUM UTRICULnSI'M. liidl.
Telom Woofls, out nf tluwi-r.
393. CosTus. .>•/-.
A uuml)er of small i)lants of a sp«'ri«\s of t'onlun i,'n'w m a
clamp spot by the river, but there were no siguu vi ioflorrw-
ceuce.
394. ZtNGIBER, i^jip.
Two species seen out of flowt-r, T.-lniii \V Is.
395. Amomum lappaceum, mr.
This plant fonml at the water-fall near T.«lum Camp .lifter* a
little from the plant .leseribed from (iintin-^' Penu. but not
sufficieutlv to (listini^iiish sprritiially, TIl- l.-av.-n rnvrv
more linear oblont,', sheath mari,'in.s .iliate. 'I'li.- iipj-T \^'U\l
obloug, roundecl at the tip, pinkish r.'.l. r.-ntnil lar u-llow. th»»
red part veined with white: thr lower ones not half an brwl.
Lip sub.piadrate retnsc brilliant yell..w in the tx-ntre. liglilrr
towards the tip. There are two small staniin-Hl.^ al th.' U-*
The anther, narrow liii.-ar. has a .ivst .-utin- r.-iiud.-I.
The type plant hail no stamiiw.d.'s or .n-sl.
396. HORNSTEDTIA r.RANUIS. Ixldl.
Very alnindaut in damp sp..ts by th.' rivr. Tel/.m.
397. H. MACROCHILUS. Kiill.
In the same locality.
308. H. VEXUSTA, liidl.
In fruit at the upp-r (.art of .h. Ulu B.»tttnK' Pa.Umj Trnl^jr.
The fruit is of a brilliant n-d.
399 Elettauiopsis exserta. Buh.
This is common about T..p..h. bn. I only fo«ml a ««*W
flower. It occurs in th. liatan^ I^ndang vlU-t m f.r M tk.
river from .Tor.
400. Geostacht.«i penan«»kssis. I\>-11
Prv banks at Telom. out of riow.«r
78
401. Carenophila, v. gen.
Stem tall witli large linear oblong aeuniiuate leaves, narrowed at
the base, hairy Ijeneath. Inflorescence spicate basal on the
rhizome, peduncle short, covered with papery l>racts. Caljx
bifid, longer than the corolla tul)e. Corolla tube short, lobes
oblong ol>tuse. Lip entire oblong obtuse narrow. Stami-
nodes represented by two short thin oblong lobes at the base of
the lip. Anther large olilong with a large-rounded entire
crest. Ovary glabrous polished. Fruit globose smooth, deep
claret colour.
This plant seems to l)e nearest allied to Aljunla. from which it
differs in its entire lip and crested anther and i-adical spike.
402. C. MONTANA, n. Sp.
Stems about 3 feet tall. Leaves large, sheaths over 6 inches
long and | inch through, densely yellosv hairy at the tip,
ligide rounded, woolly hairy, | inch long, blade linear oblong
acuminate, narrowed to the Imse, 12-15 inches long, 2
inches wide, above glabrous, beneath densely woolly hairy,
with a prominent midrib. Spike 5 inches long, the liase
thickly covered Avith ovate papery bracts subacute, rather
hairy, dark pink ; the lowest A inch long, the uppermost large,
3 inches long, 'j^ inch wide, head 2-3 inches long. Calyx 1 inch
long, bifid with mucronate lobes, glabrous pink, longer than
the corolla tube. Corolla tube pink, lobes oblong, 1 inch
long, white obtuse. Lip a little longer entire with upcurved
side, white speckled with red. Staminodes two oblong obtuse
lobes at the base of the lip. Anther large, oblong white crest,
large-rounded entire. Ovary glabrous polished, claret colour.
Fruit globose, as large as a big cherry, claret coloured.
Summit of Clunong Berumban.
403. Alpinia auranttaca, n. sj^
A tall plant, about 6 feet tall. Leaves lanceolate cuspidate nar-
rowed gradually acuminate at the top, loss so at the base, 12
inches long, 3 inches wide, above glabrous, beneath softly hairy;
petiole slender, 1-2 inches long, pubescent, sheath keeled,
pubescent above ; ligule ^ inch long, truncate entire edges
pubescent. Spike dense 3 inches long, peduncle very short, not
projecting from the sheath, raehis thickly pubescent. Lower
bract papery ribbed, margin pubescent lanceolate, li inch
long ; upper bracts more ovate, shorter ovary hairy. Calyx |
inch long, brown, bilol^ed, lobes very short, glabrous, third
lobe very obscure. Corolla tube as long as the calyx.
Petals oblong hooded. Upper one submucronate with a
raised rib in the centre grooved, laterals liroader, all orange.
Lip a little shorter than the petals, broadly obovate, tapering
to a point ending in two short cirrhi orange with red streaks
on the side lobe. Staminodes erect, fleshy, glabrous, rather
70
Wo. .l,ri. ,v.l. fthin;..,,. nia....nf an-l anil...,- |.ri«I., omn^n
Anther ohloii": ivtnsf i-ivstlrss. '
On the hills Lading, to iUuunv^ IJnun.l.an at aUx.e 1,'A)U f..^
and at Tcloin.
lu the colouriao- this rec.iils J. l{oj)l...i.n.„. Wall., but it diff^m
in height of phint, short corolla tulx», th.- .shu|« of th.- lip
and the staniiaodes.
404. A, (§ Cenolophox) pui,riii:ii,;iMA. //. x/..
Stems few, ahuut 2 f.M-t tall .,r l-ss. Leaven ovato CHpi.l.tr
deep oreen. base ronnd.-.l. I.n.ad. sli^diflv iiiu..,,uibitt.nil •
nerves very fine and in.onspi.uuns, irlaLruus. l.'. i,„|,.., l..n{f'.
Sh inches wide; the cusp 1 ii,rl, l„^^.; |H.tioI,. 7 in.-|,..H lon^'.'
slender sheath, 12 inches lun.r, puin'sc-nf . deiisi-lv l,r..wn liuirv
at the top, ligule short retuse. Kan-uic p.ndulnUH, h) iDohe«
long, pubescent. Flowers about 22, 0I>enin^,' one or two at A
time. Pedicels yV inch long. pul)e.scent. Ovarv Milky. Bractii
caducous. Calyx cylindric. dilated above, whit.-. 1 inch \ntm,
lobes short ovate acute. iul)c sj.lit <.n on*- fac«». Corolla tuU*
as long as the ovary, lobes broadly oblong blunt whito. Lip
2 inches across, broadly orbicular, inargiu.s nndulnto. p«le
yellow, with red radiating veins. Anther <»bl<.ng. cn-nt fivi«
lobed, central lobe rounded, s(>mi-circular, lateral loU-s two on
each side : upper one short, triangular acut.- ••iinH«l : lower om.
longer, narrower, lauccolatt'. Style Hlifonn. .Sti;;niu nnl.
small. Fruit fusifonii, A inches long, \ inch widr, hairy.
Seeds numerous, oblong, bl.ick. !, inch lom;. Tcluin WtHxl*.
common. Also at the .S'liiaugko Pa.ss in S«»laMgitr (Kiilli<r.
120:^1).
This beautiful plant rescmblfs .1. j;,li.ihit,i, Ilik . but in «li»-
tinguished by its hairy .'^heaths, larger orbicular lip iin«l firr-
lolx'd anther crest.
40o. DONAX GR.A.NDIS, RlilL
Batang Padang valley as far as .I.>r, fh-'ii di.sjip|M>nnnir.
406. PhRYNIUM .MALACCENSK, Jli'll.
A Phnjniiint, very abundant at Teloni in wit s|-.r>. iir.ir tb^
camp, appears to Iwlmig to this s|H'«ic««. I only found ««v
or two plants in fruit, and saw no Hower?».
407. Ph. basifloru.m. Ridl., var. Nonn.K.
A very tine variety of this plant was found ot Ta|«h Tli*»
leaves, with tin' {letiolc. wen> alxuit 8 fwt tnjl. iIm* I>U<I<>
\h inches or )n.>re long and tJ-H inch«>«i a«n»*«. ' •' ' •'*'*^
above with dark gri-^Mi ImjM*. radiating fn»ni •».
beneath in vouug leaves P'-^e colour. Tlio p ..'•'
clumps in forest swamjis. an«l i* far the '»r
Marantacese. recalling sonip of the C«l«th«'«* vt boatli
America.
80
408. Stachyphrynium Geipfithii, Srhvm.
Also grew in great masses near Tapali, densely covering some of
the hill sides in the forests towards Temoh. I found a fresh
pig's nest made entirely of this plant, dug up and piled into a
long-domed mass.
MURACBiR.
409. MUSA TRUNCATA, V. Sj).
Stems. 20 feet tall, 1 foot through at the base, deep brown pur-
ple. Leaves, with a thick petiole, 45 inches long, blade with a
rounded liase, apex trimcate, quite straight, the midrib project-
ing in the form of a filament, 20 feet long, 2^ feet Avide,
light green. Spike pendulovis. about 4 feet long, bud deep
violet conic pointed. Bracts deep purple violet, young ones
maroon pink, darkening later. Male flowers whitish, shortly
stalked, H inch long. Calyx boat shaped, longer than
the corolla, four lobed with narrow cuspidate lobes. Fruit
narrow eylindric, hardly angled, 5 inches long, in two rows
of 11 each.
The common Banana at Telom ; allied to M. malaccense, but
very much larger. It has much the habit of the cultivated
Banana " Pisang Rajah Hudang."
410. M. vioLASCENs, Bid].
Common in the low country, disaj^pears soon after entering the
Batang Padang valley.
411. M. MALACCBNSIS, Rifll.
Ascends higher l)ut disappears before Telom is reached,
AMARYLLTDE.^..
412. CuRcuLiGO RECURVATA, Brijand, var. longepedunculata.
A form with peduncles 1 foot long and the leaves narrower.
Telom Woods. The same form occurs on the Taiping Hills.
413. C. LATiFOLiA, Dryand, var. angustifolia.
Cameron's plateau (Messrs. Robinson and Kloss). This form
has very narrow grassy leaves, quite glabrous.
BURMANNIACEJi].
414. BURMANNIA LONGIFOLIA, BecC.
Gunong Berumlxin. Nearly out of flower at this time. It
occurs all over our hill ranges. The flowers here were
\n\ve white.
TACCACE/E.
415. Tacca cristata, Jacl-.
Telom, ])y the stream at the camp. A large form with dirty
green involucre and flowers.
si
l»l<>sioi;i;.\iK.lv
U<), DiOSCUkKA I.AlKIlMl.IA. \V„ll.
Trloiu, cl-^a-.s of Salviii ckMriii-s aii.| l..iiiL ..I riwr.
•1-17. D. UHBICLI.ATA. //..'-/.•. ///.
IV'loiii.
■11«. 1). SATIVA, /..
Sakcii (.'It-iniiiucs ;il Tt-loiu. c\ i-l.-ntlv iiiti-.).liKr<l |",,|- f,j,j,|,
'ill'. rKuToJJKioN i'AicAi>(.>\i-.\i, Riill. and <irif,,ii.
GunoiiL,' Beruiiiluui and Teloiii Ki<lj,'f,s.
I- "JO. PkLIOSANTHKS, Xjij,.
Noue uf these were in fit.wer, uii.l it i.., iliHiiiilt in muku
eertuiu of tliese plunts liv fiuitiiii,' siHriiiien> \n\\\ .
i'Jl. 1*. STELLAHIS, H'uH.
On tlie track Irum 'iVl«iiii \<< Kuala l,i|ii!i ( Mt.*?»si'». K<«l>iii««.ii
and Kloss).
IJl*. P. LURIDA, RkU.
Teloni and Ulu JJalang I'adan^'.
i'Jo. P. viuLACEA var. [': )
A plant with more Dvate louj^'-pctiHlfd lra\r« ihaii t\|iiiiil
P. f'nthiciii. It luav bea distinet spccit's, (tnii.-ii' Imi iiiiikiii
i'i-t. Ul'HIUPOGUX INTERMEDIUM var. .MA(KAMIIIM
Stem woody, covered at the base uitli thf |.a|«TA' white nlMtttha
of the leaf bases. Leaves nunu-roiis, •_'i-.is>.v hiiear luumiDMte.
18 inches lonj,', \ incli wide, a little paler I<*'MimIIi. Sv-u|m'
(iueonipkte; 8 inL-lies oV muuv loiii;, b.m.il '» iii* iH*9, mijf
tolerably tituut. Flowers few, .-xditary in the uxiU. nUh«T
distant, whitr. r<ra<-ls biu-ar acuminate. \ iiiub lutty.
Pedicels i inch luni,'. Flowi-rs iaiu|>;inulalc. \ iuch turMw*.
Sepals and petals similar. • inch loni;. «.l(l..n^' truu'uli- with
a rounded \\\), one ner\td. Stamenn shorter, (ilunu'tit* xvrj
short, hardly visiljlc. Anthers linear nuin'W. .*St»lf l«>ti},*vr.
Cameron's [dateau by streams (Me8»rH. Kubiu'Miu lUiU Ki<«*)
The Indian species ('. W'ltHii/iintnnn. M«N»k. fil . jiuJ O. imlrr-
lutdiuiii, Don., are. in tiie Himalayas, \vr\ variaM*-. and
the forms of I'uth pa.^s into wieb other. lu lln? MiUav
plant the llowcrs are of the ni/e of O. ir.i//iVAi.iH«»i ami tb»
leaves as liroad as in that si^-^-ies. Tlie anllnr<» an-. h.'««»rr,
linear or linear oblong' and bhujt «ith hat mI.
Perhaps it is best classed an iutermi-«lnite ' -u
under 0. inier medium vur. marniHtkHiH. Tlic plant i« rnj
different from the O. ut.ihnjonHtn, Hidl.. frvin Pmik "' -
nmeh ui- -re distinctly a llinnlaxuu \^\k
82
425. DiSi'OKUM puLLUM var. multii'lokum.
Stems several, about 2 feet tall, soinetimes brauched. Leaves
lanceolate acuminate, slightly narrowed at the base, 4
inches long, 1-2 inches wide, with a short petiole ^ inch long.
Flowers five to six in axillary or subterminal umbels, pedun-
culate on peduncles, h-1 inch long, pedicels 1-1^ inch long.
Sepals and petals ^ inch long. Sepals lanceolate, oblong
cuspidate, | inch long, greenish tinged with red saccate at
the base, not spurred. Stamens about half as long, filaments
broad flat, tapering upwards about as long as the anthers.
Anthers thick elliptic with a rounded base and a short
prolongation above the cells. Style and stigmas three, linear
curved stout, little longer than the stamens. Berry dark
blue as big as a pea, one to three or more seeded.
Telom, sandy woods, near the river, abundant.
This species, which is new to the Peninsula, has, in its large sense,
a wide distribution from the Himalayas to Java and China.
It varies a good deal in size of flowers, colour and proportion
of anther to filament. The Telom plants exactly resemble
Javanese plants collected by Hullett, except that in these the
anther is much shorter than the filament. The Javanese
plant is given by Miquel as D. jjarviflorum, Don. Syn., J).
Horsfieldil, Don., and its sepals are said to be puberulous,
which Hullett's and my specimens are not.
426. Dracaena gracilis var.
River bank at the cascade, Telom. A largo fonn with big
leaves.
427. D. GRAMINIFOLIA Var. ANOUSTISSIMA.
Jor.
428. D, AURANTIAOA, Walt.
Ascends to about 2,000 feet in the Batang Padaug valley.
429. DiANELLA ENSIPOLIV, Bed.
Telom.
430. Smilax l.evis, WaU.
Telom.
431. S»l. EXTENSA, Well,
Near Jor. A form ^^•ith the leaves thinner and more elliptic,
432. Sm. myosotiflora, A. I)c C.
Grunong Berumban.
433. Sm. leucophylla. BL
At Telom. Out of flower, but unmistakca1)le.
s:;
to4. Tki<jali«tka, iicir (jtins.
Stem v.uudv, cveciiiii^-. Lr.ivis hirt,'*-. <»lilan(t'.>|;iti' |Hti..lalf
subcoriaceous. Spike iixillarv rn-i-t. iJrarts oviit.- olitaM*.
Flowers small, scssik" oumpaimlatf with Hliort IoIr'm. Sf|>MU
and petals similar. Slaiiuns siiiHTior six. blmrt. Aiitlifnt
(>lil(>n;j,-. Pistil short, siilK\vlin<h-ii-. Slvh* uliwMit. Hti^tiiuii
lluw, liippoereuit'orm sessili; ovary. umi'-ccIKmI ovuUii two.
Fruit drupaceous i;reen, lar<;<', l,'IoI)<i8«', out' sff*!^!.
435. Til. OOHKACEA, //. )<p.
Stem thick, .7 inch throui,'h, woody, rjcavcis oldjiun-uluti' ucuiai>
uate, uarrowed at the base lo tlie petiole, ^liilm)UM. dark j^nvu,
thinly suhcoriaoeous : ]'2 nerv«'d. 1«5 iiudies loiii;, •^ iMrli«>ii
wdde ; petiole in<'hes loii;^. SpiUf H inelu-K tali. Uiw for
moi'e than halt' nude, lour an^di-d. IJraets ovale', roumli-*! Ht
the tip, eadueous. ^ inch lonij. Flowers HosHile, tulji* Ijaniii
shape, lobes all similar short reeurved ovate blunt, ull dull
oohreons yellow. Stamens six .shurt in the inouth of the lub«'.
filaments short, anthers oblom;. Pistil e\ lindrie. llmv loUrtl.
short. Sti;^ina three lobed. lol>es voun-l-d. Fruit unrii-'.
globose, as large as a bullet, gneu.
Telom Woods, to the slopes of Gunong JJiTund-.ui. .\ plant
with the habit of Scxmn iituluijunnni. Hook. fil.. but with a
rather sliort stout rhi/.on)e, sometimes partly erv«t. Tli^
flower spike is fleshy and densely eoveml with huuiII |«le
vellow flowers 01 the form of those of Tnyfirn. but difTrriuK
Irum anv deseril>ed ]>lant of this group in th.- al-hem-*' of aiir
style, the trilobed stigma being sessile on the truneute lop of
the short ovary. This and the general stnietiirf of the Ho\».t
suggest an affinity with PcUo^uitln*, to whieli group I would
retV'i- it, were it iiot b.r the fruit whieh i.s .lnn«Ki>Mi!i with
a single seed. Unfortunately. I was n-.l al-h- i'» lin-l « rii*'
fruit .\hich is. indeed, rare to find in any .d" the .|.y.i./../rr;,- .
l,ui it is clear that the fruit is similar to that of Th/.l/oi.
The ovary in section sl.uws tra.es of thrtv .arjifk Uit
only one contains any ovides.
CoMMKIdNM K.i;
l:i(,'>. FuI.MA THVliSll-l.oKA. /•-'"'/'•
L'lu F.atang Padan-.
437. P. SOKZO<:oNENSIS. A'/((//.
On the track to Jor. Flu Jjatang I'adanu'.
438. COMMELINA OULlylA. H'l "
On the river bank at Telom in biiudy and mud ;
lar'c blue flowers make it .luile ultmcti^o. 11
it, too. at Gintinu Bidei in Si'huigor. but it a«» not appcv w
be common in th" Peninsula.
84-
43y. Ankilema pkoteissum, Wall.
Herb with weak stems, about 2 feet tall, glabrous. Leaves lau-
ceolate acuminate acute, narrowed gradually to the petiole,
quite glabrous, 4-6 inclies long, ^-1 inch wide; petiole ^ inch
long ; sheath tubular, ^ inch long, the mouth ciliate, otherwise
glabrous. Panicle very lax spreading, widely with branches,
very slender, 4 inches long, quite glabrous. Lower bracts
with a narrow^ oblong limb. Upper bracts cup shaped, acute
ovate, iV i^*^li long, persistent. Sepals ovate obtuse, not
reflexed, small. Petals three, orbicular clawed, pure white.
Stamens five, two with linear yellow anthers and wdiite glab-
■ rous slender filaments one anther, reuiform, and two with
a slender brown filament, bifurcating and ending in two glo-
bose yellow balls. Pistil densely grey hairy. Style simple
acuminate, minutely capitate. Fruit subgiobose, narrowed
below, densely covered with grey-hooked bristles and strongly
adhesive, ^^ inch through. Seeds three, oblong convex on
the back, angled within, white, transversely rugose. Telom
in damp spots by the river.
Distrlb. — Of type India, Sumatra and Java.
I have considered it best to describe this plant under the name
of A. jjrotensuw , Wall., as it certainly closely resembles
Wight's figure, t.c. 2071 ; but his figiu'e and description of the
stamens do not coincide with those of the Telom plant. The
figure in Clarke's Commelinacete, t. 24, of A. irrotensuiti, does
not bear the least resemblance to either the Telom plant or
to Wight's figure. It represents a whole plant and seed and
a copy of Wight's drawing of the flower. The Telom plant
is quite glabrous, and the panicle is not viscid as described
in A. ^yrafevi^v)!}. None of the describers mention that the
fruit is anned with hooked bristles, making it very adhesive,
but Wight's figure shows something like this. A. scaberri-
niicni, Kuutl). (CoiuineUna scaberriina, Bl.), docs not fit it in
the least.
440. FlOSCOPA 8CANDENS, Lo>(l\
XJlu Batang Padang. Common all over the Peninsula.
441. FORRESTIA GLABRATA, BL
A stout, tall, almost comjtletcly glabrous herb. Stems ~ inch
through, Leaves lanceolate acuminate with a long point and
gradually narrowed to the sheath, 8 inches to nearly 12 inches
long, 2 inches wide, completely glabrous, except for the scanty
marginal hairs, sheaths 1-1| inch long, finely ribbed glab-
rous, except some white cilia at the edge. Capitula compact,
1 inch through or less, quite glabrous. Sepals oblong obtuse,
I inch long, keeled, quite glabrous. Fruit elliptic oblung
Avith a rounded top, ^ubtrigonous pale, much shurter than
tllO srpiils, J imli lull;,', ;,'liil»l-MUs. iiii<l liTlnilUili-^l l>y llif
sk'udt'i- stvlc. .Sct'ils l\vi» in mt-h r>-\\ roiivcx n^l l<ru«ii,
cerebri form. 'iVlom. A new rt'curd lor thf iVuiiiMuL.
JDiVn"/^. Iii<liii,.Jiiv;i. Suiiiiilni :in<l Tonkin.
442. F. MARGINATA, Han^k.
Teloni. TluH phml appears v.n viuiiil.lf. ..r then- ii» inon* than
one species iiicluili'il uniltT the ikhh.-
44:^. F. MONOSPKKMA. Uliirl,'.
Ulu Bataiiii' Pa<lan<^' xm-.w .Ini- in il;ini|i ravim-n. rHually fiiiin<l
ill till' iifiLililMiiii'li I tit' liiiii'-Htoiif r.M'ks
.IINC VCK.K.
444. JOTNVILLEA MALAYAN.*. U'nII.
On Ijauks on a ri(li,'e, al>ont a niilf tr-.iii tlir Toloui (.'ui; .
flowrv ami Iriiit, tlir ilnip.-^ I.riu'lit ifl.
445. SUSUM MAI.AYANUM, lU .
Teloni Woods. The f<.n!i with laru't' frnils as l>i« w* a. rli.Tr*
I'.M.M.K.
440. Arroa p('>tiT-A. /?/.
Woods near Telnin. Thr l.-athls .s,-em narruw.-r than th..-^- ■■i
the Larut Hills. U\X 1 think it is apcrifi.-allv th.« Haiii.
stems were solitary, aliout »> t<i't tall.
447. PlNANCJA ScORTEC-HINir. Ihrr.
Tehnn Woods.
448. p. C§ Spirantha) dknsikoi.i.v. ii.xi>.
A tufted plant, forniin- thi.k Lushes. .Stem nl-.ut :• .-r 1--
feet tall, ,'. inch thick. Leaves j.-n^r. tin«-I.v '-ut int- imrrow
leaflets, raehis trigonous yellowiHh. l.-aH.'tH wry uum.-n.ii..
narrow' linear ac-uminato. lonvr enspidato. dark K'r«'U. wn^\.
1.5 inches h.ni.. ', inch wide, terminal pair hr.«d. i! ui.-l»«i loOK.
1 inch wide. Spathehn.adly lan.-.'olate ..vat, ' " *.<l.
smooth, 7 inches loni;. '1 in-hes wide, inner ll >.•.
Spadix of five to ei«ht rath.-r .stout hmnchoM ».n « "hori. I inch
Ion- l.road peduncle de.urved. O in.hos lou»;. Fl-wn^ •»
four'rows. Males; inch lou- S,.p«lH nhort ..mlo lmil»(W.
lar hardlv a.ute. Stamens K* filamentM. xerv -• ' '' •
broad base, abruptly a.-uminate. Authern Ix u^.
shorter than the petals. FemaU^ Va /"^h '*;?»?•./'::'""
palsround..Kdabrous. ,..talH«U.ut ft. long. Fttul rll.pUr.
, . 1 .1 1. i;m1.. iiii>rf than '. inrli lontf. »•••»
Sepals round..Kdabrous. ,..t«lH«U.ut ft. long. Fttul rll.pUr.
narrowed to b..th ends, little mor.. than ' .nrl. Ion.,. 8^1
elliptic smooth with thick rumination-, f. ••
to the centre. Very abnndant on th.« ridu'
both sides of the river. In «>tno pliU-.-* —
to exclude almost anythim; Hw. T
tnfts. mu.h r..<.„,Min^'th...eof rAry.
86
419. P. POLYMOIIPHA, Bt'CC.
This species was based on a plant collected in Perak by Scorte-
cliini, and is well marked and not really very variable. In
Kini^'s distribution of the Wray and Scortechini collections,
however, he distributed a very distinct plant as P. jjohjmorpha
var, robnsta, and another as var. minor. The latter is obvi-
ously what Beccari intended and should be kept for that. It is
extremely abundant in the Telom Woods, lornnng quite dense
thickets, and at first sight much resembles Plnarnja dutirlia,
JBl., even to the dark and light gi-een mottling of the leaves.
A more full descrii^tiou of it, taken from life, may serve to
distinguish it readily.
A slender- creeping ascending palm, from 4 to feet tall, bran-
ched fi'om the base, the stems ] inch through. Leaves 12-14
inches long. Sheaths 3-4 inches long, the blade l>roken
up into two to four pairs of leaflets, the lower ones
narrow acuminate or broad, strongly nerved, 7 inches long,
up to 6 inches across the blade or more, mottled light and dark
green as in Pinaiuja (llxfldia. Ligule usually breaking up
into fibres and soon disappearing. The petiole 3 inches long.
Sfathe 2 imhcs l»»ng, papery lanceolate. Spadix If incli
long, flexuous with two branches on a petfuncle, | incli long,
rachis red eventually. Flowers distant, spirally arranged.
Male flowers, petals ovate triangular, shortly acuminate, j
inch long. Females, sepals short rounded, ciliate, petals
narrower, hardly longer. Fruit black, ^ inch long, narrowed
at both ends, when dry, deeply i-uminate.
Telom Woods. The plant collected by Wray on Grunong
Berumban Putch (365) belongs here and not to P. disticha
as T previously referred it. The .Singapore Lobb plant is,
however, doul)tless P. (Ji>^ilchri, which is a lowland plant and
not a highland one.
450. P. SUBINTKGRA. BifU.
Abundant at Telom. This plant resembles P. suhruminata
at first sight very closely, and is usually about the same size,
about 2 feet tall. Its large brilliant red fruit on much
longer spikes and leaves almost roiuided at the base dis-
tinguish it easily. I add the folloAving notes to my original
description : Leaves oblong obcuneate, base only shortly
and slightly narrowed, lobes 3 inches long. Lower sheaths
3 inches long. Flowers sunk in long elliptic oblong depres-
sions with a short acute point (Bract) above. Sepals
glabrous, ,\, inch long. Fruit, in life, elliptic pulpy, red,
when dry, cylindric.
451. Arenga Westerhouti, 6rr7^''.
Common in the Batang Padaug valley to the Pahang border,
but not seen bevond.
87
4"'>2. Carvota. xj).
A hh^ Ciu-ijohi was sci-ii in the IJalaii^' I'ii.luu;; \allr_v ami ■uiull
plaut.s ill tin- Tt'loiii \\(M.ds. Thi'V wi-io probulily C. »jhlmM
\'ar. n^qiuitoriiillf.
453. LiVISTONA OOCHINCHrNKNSrs, Miiil.
In the Batan^ Pa<lan;^' valloy. Soiiu- tr^'s <.f iii):u«'ii<u> n'u*',
(lisapppariui;- as thf Paliau^j- Koimilarv rifl^t- was it-a' h«-<l . I>ul
a small seedlinL;' was luimd near tlic Teloin ('aiu|'.
454. EuGEI.SSO,\A TKISTIS, Grij)'.
The •• J^i'vtaiu "" disappear.s i>ii Icavin.; th-- plaiiis at al»>ut thi-
l"2tli mil-' troiu Tapah.
455. Okania macrocladus, (//•///'.
Goes to about the ]2th iiiilc aipl thfii crasoH.
45<l. D^MONOKOPS I'KKIACANTm'S. M'lif.
A small form on the 'rclnin l«'iilij:es.
457. CaI-AMUS FII.IPKNDri.rs, ll>rr.
Telom Woods.
458. C. Curtis 11. Ui.ll.
T.'lom. Tlie fruits of this were ol.tain.-d for tlir fir-t liimv
Tli.y resemble tho.se of C. rr»7M. (Iriff., of Mt. Ophir.
Thev are cylindric fusiform, l)eakrd at th.- tip ami »iip|K>r1«Hl
in the tubular eylindric perianth. ' iii<ii louu' Th<' ><.-uUi»
small, in 10 rows, j.alt' buif. .dLXt'd aud tipjK-d with brown.
longer than ln-oad, and roiMid.-d at thf tip.
459. C. PERAKENSI.S, Bi'i-r.
Abundant at Telom on tii.- Iimh-T rld-.s and oii Onnoiu:
Berumbau.
4^)0, C. .TAVKNsrs var. rrRPURASCF.Ns.
Plants were seen, not in llow.-r. of tiiis s^..vl.•^ at T.'K.in.
4G1. C. EI.KOANS. Riill.
I was fortunate .-n^.n-li to -rt .•oniph-tv s|)«H-iiiM'n« of this
rattan, which was only known from a iN.rtiou of u W«f
and spadix. which I i,'ot on Bujan^' Malanu hoii..- >itin. **:".
and some doubtfid s[KvinH-n8 and dniwiuK of Wr»y mid
Scortechini. I am. thcn-foiv. able to -.v.- now a full a.*rn|'.
tion of the plant.
The stem was ] ineh or rather mon- thnmu'l.. of » .UrK
colour, thicklv armed with tlattent^ npine.. ..n«i^r ..r in
threes together, and [ inch long or Ie«. I-r«f ♦ f^
long with' a spinv base, spines slmrt ten^fe with « bn^d |«lr
base: petiole 15imhes hmu : leaflets in di^ant f.^-.. !.- of
five or six. 4-ti inches aprt. narrow lniu-o,>l»''
R in.hes Ion- by \ ind. wi-le. dnrk u'v
88
W'ith scattered thorns on the slender rachis ; flagellnm ter-
minal, 18 inches long, slender with black-tipped thorns in
threes. Male spadix very slender filiform, 3 feet long, bran-
ches about three, 8-9 inches long ; the lowest sheath 2 inches
long, with a few short sharp straight thorns on the edge ; upper
sheaths with one or two very small-hooked thorns, internodes
with one or two minute thoi'ns, sheaths of the branches short,
gradually dilate, unarmed, with a short point. Spikes 20,
j-1 inch long. Bracts ovate acute, strongly ribbed. tSpathel-
lules ribbed. Calyx campanulate, lobes ovate subacute, ril)bed.
Petals oblong o1»tuse, twice as long. The whole flower ,V
inch long. Female spadix 3 feet long, slender, armed as
in male, branches few, two 5-6-inches long spikes, about 6
inches each, l-lr, inch long. Flowers about 20 on each, leather
distant. Calyx and corolla as in the male, style stout. Fruit
cylindric oblong, beaked, j inch long; beak -/„ inch long.
Scales in six rows, yellow, edged with brown convex and
grooved rather deeply.
Telom, hill woods.
402. Plectccomta Griffithii var.
A species of Fleet ocom la was alnindant on the Telom Woods,
but only portions of decayed spathels were seen. These and
the plant itself resembled P. firifithil, Becc. ; l>ut we»'e very
much smaller, probably a moiuitajn form.
403. KORTHALSIA, sp.
No flowers or fruit, near K.ferox, Becc. Telom Woods.
404. Plectocomiopsis geminiflokus, Becc.
Common in the Batang Padang forests near Jor. Calamus
inrhinatiis, Ridley, must be reduced to this. It was based on
a fruiting specimen, the fruit not having been previously
described, and differing from that of other species of the
genus in having the regular scales of a Calaonts.
PANDANACEyE.
465. Pandanus obnatus, Kvrz.
Cameron's plateau. (Messrs. Robinson and Kloss).
466. P. coLLiNus, Ei(U.
A branched, rather bushy. Pandan from 8-12 feet tall, forming
large tufts Mitli narrow leaves, glaucous beneath. Fruit
glaucous green.
Very common on the Telom Ridge and on other high ridges
between that and Berumban. Also collected on Gunong
Batu Puteh by Wray and on Kedah Peak by myself.
Seveml species of Freycinetia were seen at Telom, but none
showed signs of flowers. One was apparently F. Ivcens, Ridl,
ft9
AltOlhK.K.
467. AEISiflMA KoXHLH.Jllll. Kunlh.
Ulu Batang PaduuK' axA Td'nii.
468. A. ANOMALUM, Hentvl.
Tolom in ilainp «h;i«ly spots, nut nmv
469. A. Wkayi. n>;n><l
Tolom Wooils. less Odinnn.n.
470. A. FILIFORM K, Hi, var.
A very tiiio Arls^tuni, witli a l.ir-^f liili l>r->\\ii huiihi'. w.i«
Imniijlit l)y Messrs. Koliinsc.ii mikI KI<.sh fi-nin tli<-ir Iriii to
Gunoiir;- Iran, aud I t)l)t;iiiifil uiw ..r two in<.n* n|Mvtiiu'iM
from the low-lying woods of Camerou's plaU-au noiir Uudod^c
Beruniban. This plant agrees very wi-ll with th** fn,nirv of
Blume's A.fiJiforme and the description in " limnpliiu." ncprit
in a few points, and with sonif sjK-i'iMifiiN fr.-in Mf (i«IU»
in Java, collected by Mr. HuUctt. which 1 tuLo to )•• A
fUiforiiie. The plant collectt'd on the expi*dition had hnn-*
about 1 foot tall, with thive ovate cnHpi«hitc N-itflcfH with
rounded bases, the oul«r pair obliipif, l-.'i inchcn loinj and ;i
inches wide; the nerves, usually f«'w, nu'et iu inlm-iiiiiruMnal
arches ; petiobdes '. im-h long. The |»«HluncI«' In 4 iito)H-«
or more tall. The tube of tlic spathc 1 inch lon^; njid l>n«il.
the lind> oltloni,' broad (iispidatc, 4 inches lonu' i»nd 2 iin*h«^
Midt', with a 2-inch point, the »h1i;«'s an- widely everteil. It
was of a dark maroon Im-wn colour. Thi* H|>iidi\ whiu*. llw
appendage conic at the l»ase. gradually pawsinK into the l<»nK
tiliforni tail, the conic portion about I inch louj;. U-wm a
number of short subulate pr<x-ess4'«, o»-casicn»iliy Itntn- lirJ.
the tail is 3-i inches lontr. All the plants fouml w.n* n»*l«««
The flowers consisted of tivc or six anthem U>rnf» on a ihnri
stalk, and were disi>ersed over th.- male portion.
Mr. Hullett's plants clo.sely n'sembh'd niine, ewpi iu ibf
anthers being iu two.s or tlireos and »«*«Hile. iw i« «l«wrilic«i
and fi>,'ured bv Blunie Blume Ntat«'s that the Uwflet« mrr
usuallv m..re than thn-e. and Iuh fiK'un' »howi. a .liffrrvnt
spathe, colouring much paler, and then*- .hxtin. ti ' -T.
in such variable plants as A riii.-*'iiui». arv lianlb • '•>
constitute a distinct sps-ies.
471. AMORPHOPH.M.Lrs BlKo, ii . Hf.
Tuber hemispheric, al)out :i inches .ncp.sH I-
tall, petiole fairly stoiif. niotthil gnn- and gr-
18 inches a^Moss, much dividwi lobw. ot«I.« lo Unonrkir.
cuspidate d.HMirrent. nerves nnmenuw mid fine fVliioclr
:{ feet tall. 1! inch throuch at the ham\ n»otll.-l Aiid bl •»• 1*^1.
90
greenish grey with six fiiscous-purple spots darker purple in
the base of the tube. Spathe tube 3 inches long, and as
Avide at the moutii, limb very broad, 6 inches long, 4 inches
across, oblong ovate in front, curiously blotched with circular
greenish blotches with a brown purple back ground, back
paler olivaceous with pale greenish spots. Spadix 6 inches
long, appendage a blunt cone cylindric, 3 inches long and
1 inch through, dull purple. Male portion yellowish cylindric,
1 inch long, anther cells two, parallel ; flowers oblong
crowded. Female portion I inch long, pistils very shortly
stalked or rather aiarrowed at th(^ base, style cylindric distinct,
stigma discord, A^ery crowded.
Abundant all over the low-lying parts of the Telom Woods. The
great abundance of this AmorjyhophoJJii^ show^ed the scarcity of
wild pigs. In Borneo and Johore, where these animals
abound, AmorplwphaUi are scarce or, if fairly abundant, the
tubers are deeply Iniried beneath big roots or under rocks,
where the pigs cannot get them. The Sakais had practically
exterminated the pigs here, hence the abundance of Amorpho-
phaJIl, whose tubers wei'e only just below the . surface.
This species is, perhaps, as near A. cornea, Eidl., as any
other species. Its curiously -mot tied spathe with its circular
blotches of dull green on a purplish ground, and its shape,
reminds one of the head of some curiously-blotched reptile.
472. Alocasia dencdata, EngJ.
Telom, large and typical.
473. A. Beccarii, Engl.
Telom Ridges in dry spots.
474. Aglaonema angustifolium, JV^. E. Br.
A broad-leaved form passing towards A. scliottlanion, Miq.
Telom.
475. A. OBLONGIFOLIUM, Schotf.
By the Bataug Padang Eiver, not seen further than Tapah
side.
476. HOMALOMENA PUMILA, Hook.JlI.
A considerable variety of forms, as far as the shape of the leaf
goes, were at Telom, from the typical little green round-leafed
form to forms with elongate rhizomes and long-petioled
leaves passing towards H. ^iropinqna, Ridl. The piu'ple-
leaved variety purfitrnscens grew also on damp banks of the
streams.
477. SCHISMATOGLOTTIS CALYPTRATA, ZoU .
Var. concolor, Hallier, was commonest, var. jj/c/a scarcer and
var, aJhidomacvlata was local. All about Telom.
in
478. S. RUPESTRIS. Zoll.
Telmn. I take this s[H-iics. .'sfK-riiilh iii.irk.-<| |,v lln- l-.u^j liap-
space between the male and feniulr HowerM, to l>e what ia iu-
tendecl by the above dmiho. It li;is onlv |.rfvi.tuiilv U-.-n
recorded from Java.
479. PrPTOSPATHA ELONGATA, R'uH.
Abundant in all the rocky streams at Tt-lom and in thi- Ritan;;
Padan<4- valley, (tften a}ii>an'ntly tlirivii))^ r.>inj.li'ti-lv iinil
permanently luider water. Tlicrc is a form in th** Tclmii
Kiver with the leaves spotte(l li^,dit i^nn'n on a darker (;r<>iin>l
like the typical form of 1*. h'idh ijl. It i,'n>ws with I lie pUiu
flfreen form.
480. SciNDAP.sus piCTA. HuxkI:.
Common at Telmn, as all over \\\>' Teninsidii.
481. Sc. SCORTECHINII, HooJc.jil.
Telom Ridf];e and riunons^ PJeniniban ii]. t.> tl.oiMi f,,.t altitude
Common.
482. Raphidophora nr>rii.is. h'iill.
Abmidant on dry l«anks, Telom.
488. R. GIOANTEA. Hi'lf.
Telom Camp.
484. R. Wrayi, HooJc.jil.
Comnicm (m trees at TeloDi.
485. R. L^TEVTRENS. Ei'^l.
Seen near .Tor.
48*3. R. Beccarii, EmiJ.
On rocks at the Telom cascade, n-.t in H..wer.
( YPKK.VCK.K.
487. Mariscus siehkkiants, AV.k.
In a Sakai <learin- af T.-l-'.m. d-ubtless intn"luo^l by th*-
Sakais.
488. Gahnia javanica. Morit~i.
Top of Gunon^' Berumban.
489. SCLEKIA .MIT.TIK.I.IATV. /^f"•^'.
Some very weak forms at Tel."iin.
490. Sci.. oHiNE.Nsis. Kiniffi.
Telom.
491. SCL. ELATA. Tlnr.
A very tall plant, ab-.t.t 12 f.-t tall, very ^t-ur. ..Lun-bnt »H.t
nearlv (>nt of flower.
02
402. Oarex cryptostachys, Bnujn.
Woods, Telora.
493. C. PERAKENSis, Clarke.
Abundant on Grunong Berumban, and conspicuous from its
Avliitisli spikelets. Sporadic plants at Telom also.
494. C. BACCANs, Neei^.
On Gunong Berumban and also on Telom Ridges.
A new addition to the flora.
Dii^frih. — India and Java.
GBAMINEyE,
495. Paspalum conjugatum, Berg.
This grass has established itself in great abundance on the old
Salcai clearings and covers the open parts of the tracks to them.
496. Isachne albens. Trim.
Telom Camp, also occurs on the Larut Hills.
497. Panicum myosuroides, Br.
A few plants at the camp at Telom.
498. P. PLiCATUM, Lam.
Abinidant at the Sakai camps, Telom.
499. P. MONTANU3T, JSo,r?».
Telom, near the camp.
500. P. ORYZOIDES, 8w.
Eidge between Telom and the Batang Padang valley.
501. P. PiLiPES, Nees.
Abundant. Telom Camp.
502. P. PATENS, Linn.
Telom Camp and Sakai clearings.
503. ICHNANTHUS PALLENS, MvtirO.
Ridge between Telom and Batang Padang valley.
504. Thysanol^na agrostis, Nee.9.
Telom Camp and river bank.
505. Oplismenus compositus, Beinv.
Rocky places and stream banks in the Telom Valley, very
tall forms.
506. MiscANTHUs SINENSIS, Atiderf^.o.
On the ridges between Telom and Batang Padang and large
clumps at the camp. This grass has not been recorded
l>efore from the Peninsula. It is conspicuously abundant in
Sarawak, Borneo. According to the description in Haeckel's
1);)
" Moiiu^nu|)li " (.f Andnjpdtjunt'.r, the leal" ('.Jj^t-r, of thih '^'ratti.
are sciibrid as tlioy are in a specimen I have fruni Japan, l.nf
they are not so in Borneo and Mahnan plants. The .li-,tril.n-
tion given for tliis plant is Vh'uv.i. -Japan and Horneo.
507. POGONATHEUUM SAOCH.VKOIDKU M, Bt.'inn\
On rocks in a streani cascade on the Jor track aitoiit the 12lh
mile from Tapah.
508. POLLINIA CILIATA, Tvlli.
Sakai clearing at Teloni, plentiful. An Indian species, which
I also found in Eastern Pahang.
509. Garnotia stkict.\, Bnajn.
A slender-tufted grass, growing ahundautly in the ruckn in tli<-
river at Telom and often submerged. A new record fur fh.-
Peninsula. Its recorded distributiun is India and tin- Sand-
wich islands. I have it too from 8. lionieo.
510. Lol'HATHEBUM OKACILK, Bniijil.
Common aud tall in more open spots all u\er the Tflom \V....dh.
511. Centotheca lafpaoea, Di'itc.
In the Batang Padang valley common, but curiously eiioUL'li
I coidd not find it at IV'loiu.
512. Dendkooalamus pendui-us, RaU.
On the Jor track.
51^. D. GIOANTEUS, MlUllo.
Fine clumps of this Bamboo occurred in the Bat.ini,' Padang
valley.
514. SCHIZOSTACHYUM ZoLI.INGEKI, iSttOiI.
Fh^veriug specimens in a bad state, of what a|ipearN to U- ihi>
species, were obtained on the Jor tra<-k.
515. Bambus.v elegans, Riill.
Top of Gunong Berumban and covering it with a den>e !■•«
thicket. Also occurs in the .Semangko Puss.
FEKN8.
510. GlEIGHENIA ELAGELI-AKIS. Sj.r.
Abundant at Telom.
517. Gl. glauga. H""I,-.
As common as the last.
518. Als(^i'iiila gomos.v, H'jol:.
Tel. on.
5PJ. A. GI,AHKA. Ilunl:.
Telom,
520. A. DUBiA, liechl.
Guuong Berunibau.
5'Jl. A. GLAUCA, Sir.
Cuiiimou about Teloiu aiul un the Bataiiy Padaiig valley.
522. A. CRENULATA vai'.
I am doubtful as to this. The piuuules are uot ereuulate
and the sori in a single row close to the bases of the piuuules.
Telom.
52o. CiBOTiuM Bakometz, Link.
In the Batang Padang valley, abuudaut
524. Lkoanopteris caknoha, BI.
Tel6}u Eidge and comuion arouud Teloin.
525. Hymenophyllum Neesii, HouIc.
Telom.
526. H. JAVANicuM, Sj>re)i<j.
Guuong BeruDibau ; Telom.
527. H. POLTANTHOS, Sir.
Telom.
528. H. affine, V. I). Bo.<ch.
Tflom and Guuong Berumbau.
529. H. 7JENTI0ULATUM Var. FLACCIDUM.
Telom.
580. Trichomanes pallidum, Bl.
Telom, not very common.
531. T. DENTICULATUM, BL
Telom.
5o2. T, PLUMA, Hook.
Guuoug Berumban.
58o. T. mpuNOTATUiM. Fvir ( =T. iilicula, Bomj).
A large form at Telom.
534. T. MAXIMUM. Bl.
Telom, near the small water-fall.
585. T. oBscuRUM, Bl.
Telou).
53(3. HUMATA PINNATIFIDA, Buk.
On banks at Telom and Gunong Berumban, plentiful.
537. Pbosaptia Emersoni, Pvesl.
Tel()m Kidge.
U.'3
588. P. OONlKiUA. Sir.
Tt'loui ,111(1 (lUiioji'.;- IJcniiiiliaii.
iJ'SiK Davallia blvli.aia. ]V(iI(.
Guiiou«4- Beruml>;iii.
540. D. LuRKAINEI. HaiKW.
Telom. New to the Hura.
541. D. soLiDA. Strart::.
Teloiu Camp. Couiiiioii.
542. D. MOLUOCANA, Bl.
All extiviiiely liaiiclsoiue and laryu JJaca/ll'i <'ii \\u- Imiiks of tin-
stream l»y Tclom C'aiiip. New to tlie ili>ra.
54i). MiCROLKPIA PINNATA, Car.
Common at Telniii ami liy the Batany PadaiiL,' KivtT.
544. Stenoloma chixensijs, Smo-f?:.
Bataiii>' PadaiiL;' valley iifui- Jor.
545. LiNDSAYA KEPENS, Tlnc.
Telom.
546. SCHIZOI.OMA LOlsATA. 1)1.
Telom and dinoiii;- BeruinlMii.
547. LiTOBEOCHIA INCISA, Tlillnh.
G-uiiono- Beniml)an.
548. PtEKIS AQITILINA, L.
Telom Camp.
549. Plagiogvrja euphleijia. A':.'.
On the to]) of Gunontr Beniml>aii.
550. Blechnum orientale, L.
Telom. near the ciiiip.
551. ThAMNOPTERIS NlUUtl, /,.
Cuiumou voiuid Telom Cam|i.
552. ASPLENIUM SCORTECHINU, Di(hl.
Gunoiii^' Berumlian.
55o. A. NORMALK, Don.
Telom.
554. A. BELANOERl, K?:e.
Common round Telom Camp
555. A, RESECTUM. HoiJi.
Telom.
55(3, DiPLAZIUM SUBSERKMI .M. /'/•
Trees. Telom.
90
0-57. 1-). AHPKKHIMA, Bl.
IVlAui.
558. Anisogonium lineolatum, Mclf.
Teloni and Gimong Berumhau.
559. A. DKCUSSATUM, Siv.
Comniou by the banks v1c the Teloui Kiver in Uauip spots. A
very large feru.
5(30. A. HETKKOPHLEBiUM, Pred.
At Tehnu. A new record for the Peninsula.
561. DiDYMOCHLiliNA LUNULATA, DeSV.
Banks of the stream by Telom Camp, near the water-fall.
562. ASPIDIUM VASTUM, Bl.
Common in the Batany Padang valley.
563. A. KiDLEYi, Christ.
But the leaves are dentate.
Abundant. Telom.
504. Lastkea oalcakata, Bi, var. sebioea,
Banks of the Batang Padany Kiver and Telom.
565. L. Dayi, Bedd.
Telom and upper part of Clunong Berumban.
566. Nbphrodium unitum, L.
Telom.
567. N. LINEATUM, Bedd.
Telom.
668. N. PAHANUENSE, Chrld (sub. uryoptbkis).
Telom cascade.
569. N. HETERUOAKPUiM. Okrid.
Telom.
570. N. LARUTBNSE, Bedd.
Telom.
571. Athyrium oarvifolium, Chrhi, a. .^[j.
Griinung Berumban.
572. Nephrolepis davallioides, Kze.
Telom.
573. Oleandra neriieormi.s, Car.
Telom Ridge and Gunong Berumban.
574. Pheoopteris Hasselti, Bl.
Telom.
575. PoLYPoniUM triohomanoides, Su^.
Tcloni Hills oil llio route to Ounoug Berumban.
97
^j76. p. malaocanum, Bah.
Gunoug Berumban.
•577. P. OBLItiUATUM, Bl.
Common at Telom, on treess.
578. DiPTEBIS HOKSFIELUU. Br.
Common on dry ridges, Telom.
579. Drynaria Heracleum, Kze.
Abundant at Telom and up towards (jruuuiig Ucniinliiui.
580. Pleopelti.s Wrayi, Bah:
Gunong Berumban.
581. Pl. accedens, BL
Common on tree.s, Telom.
58-. Pl. rupestre var. uniskriale n. var., C/irii'l.
Telom.
583. Pl. platyphylla, Sic
Dry spots, Telom Ridge.
584. Pl. palm at a, BL
Gunoug Berumban.
585. Pl. incurvata, BL
Gunong Berumban.
58G. Pl. punctata, L.
Telom. Comm< m .
587. Pl. leiorrhizon, HvI:.
Telom. New record iV>r Peninsula.
588. Pl. angustatum, BL
Telom.
58!». MONOGRAMME PARADOXA, FlC.
Telom.
590. M. TRICHOIDEA, .S'(».
Telnin.
591. LOXOGKAMME INVOLUTA, Dun.
Telom with a curiously-branched fonn.
592. Syngramme qcinata, Ifonk. jii
Telom Ridge. A new record for the IV-ninsul.i.
593. Antrophyum reticulatcm. Kanlj.
On rocks iind trees at TelAn. cu.-Hiide. A vrry lai^.' f-m.
594. VlTTARlA iwlcata. Kzi\
Gunong Beruml)an.
.5.95, Ta:nitis blechnoidks, Sv.
Dry »i[)ots, Telom.
98
590. Elaphoglossum CONFOEME, Sir.
Telom.
51*7. SxENOCHLiENA SORBIFOLIA, L.
Teloiu. Cujumoii.
598. Gymnopteris spicata, Linii.jU.
Telom, ill dry spots on trees.
699. Gr. flagellifera, V/aJl.
Muddy spots by Telom Kiver.
GOO. Chrysodium bicuspe, Hook.
Dry banks at Telom.
601. Angiopteris evecta, Hojf'v.
Very fine aud of imuieiise size ou islets and banks of Telom
River. Abundant.
G02, Kaulfussia ^sculifolia, Bl.
Batang Padang valley.
G03. Ophioglossum malaccanum, Schlechter (0. petiolosum, Desv.).
In crevices of rocks in the Telom Eiver.
LYCOPODIACE.^.
604. Lycopodium phlegmaria, HooTc.
Telom and Grunoug Berumban. Some specimens had the ends
of the fruit spikes teiuiinated by a tuft of leaves.
605. L. SQUARRosuM, Fovd.
Telom. This, too, had the fruit spikes terminated by a tuft of
leaves.
606. L. casuarinoiues, Spr.
Telom, ridges at 5,000 feet altitude.
607. L. LUCIDULUM, Wt.
Sporadic and scarce, Telom.
608. Selaginella plumosa, Frei<L
Telom.
609. S. PLUMEx^., S^iriinj.
Telom.
610. S. CANALICULATA, Sj^)rtn(J.
Telom.
611. S. TENERA, Sjjrln'J.
Uunong Berumban.
612. S. PRONiFLORA, Balc. ('r j
But differs from the type iu haviug the leaves not ciliate.
Telom.
99
ON MAMMALS FROM THE KHIO AKCJII I'KI, \< ;< j \M)
MALAY PENINSULA COLLECTED LV Mk.s.sus. II. r.
EOBINSON, C. BODEN KLOS.S AND E. .SEIML'NI^. AND
PKESENTED TO THE NATIONAL MUSEL'M HV THE
GOVERNMENT OF THE lEDEKATED MALAY STATES.
Bv OLUFIKLD THOMAS, i-.k.s., amj K. C. WUOLGUTON, t.z.s.
WITH NOTES.
B\ TUK CoI.r.LCTOKS.
{FahlUhcd li!/ nennissioti of the Troftves of the liiili>'h Mimeiint.)
INURING 1908 Mr. H. C. Robinson, Director of Museums, IVk-r-
ated Malay States, and Lis assistant Mr. E. Seiinuud made a
collecting trip to the Rhio Archipelago, south ol" Singapore, and
obtained a magniticent series of mammals, prepared in the be-.t niudern
manner, and forming a very full representation of the Mammal Fauna
of the islands. This collection was supplemented by a series of otlnM-
specimens obtained in Singapore itself and on the coast uf S.-E.
and E. Johore and the adjacent islands, as well as by other ^l^ecimenM
from the vicinity of Kuala Lumpur in Selangor, and from the
hills near Taiping in Perak. which latter were secured in coujunctii>n
with Mr. C. B. Kloss.
By the enlightened generosity of the authorities of the Federated
Malay States a full set of these specimens, numbering nearly GO<J
skins, has l»ecu pr.'.scu(ed to the National Musevun, in urdcr that
the result of so important an e.xpedition should In? of U'UeKt to
science in general as well as to the local institutions.
The Rhio Archipelago has been hitherto entirely unrepreseutctl
either in our own Museum, oi", so far as \vc know, in any other.
except the United States National Museum, which posse.sses the
series obtained by Dr. W. L. Abbott during his various visits to
the islands and some smaller collections from Uv. Kloss. Ou thestJ
latter have been based the only papers pul)lished <.n the Khio
Mammals— viz..
Miller, G. S. : -The Mammals collected by Dr. W. L. .VI.Ik.II
in the Rhio-Linga Archipelago." P. U. S. Sal. Mn'>.. xwi,
pp. 247-28t), PJOt;. AVith map :
Lyon. M. W. : "Mammals nf P.alam hlaiid. IJIiio Arelui^-iuKi.."
Tviii. rii.. pp. (553-057.
The present collection, therefore, i> "t tii<- iiu.>t uuiteriul iiuiM.rtnu.v.
l)oth in tilling up such a considerable hiatus iu our eoll.vtionh and in
enabling us to appraise the value of the many siK«eies desml^il by the
American naturalists referred to. In addition, we have found .hvjm.|oi»
to describe from the collections 10 additional nptvies and Hub.«peiMt^.
some from the islands and some from the adjonung mainland. <|f
these new forms, we have given preliu.inary di;ignoM>> ui ihc " Annah
and Magazine of Natural Historv - for May, IWJ.
100
With regiml to ilie "species" fouuded by Messrs. Miller and
Lyoii, we cau ouly reiterate our opiuiou that the majority of them
should have been called sub-species rather than species. Their dif-
ferences are, for the most part, average differences, based on series, the
series overlapping in the characters used, and therefore, even though
insular in locality, trinomials, and not binomials, might well have been
used for them as indicating the nearness and more or less inconstant
nature of their relationship to older known forms.
In conclusion, we would express our appreciation of the public
spirit and sympathy for science shown by the authorities of the
Federated Malay States, who have permitted the party the use of a
specially-chartered vessel for these explorations, and have therefore
helped materially in carrying out this extensive collecting trip. Of
these authorities the names of Sir John Anderson, g.c.m.g., Governor
of the Straits Settlements, and High Commissioner for the Federated
Malay States ; Sir William T. Taylor, k.c.m.g., Eesident- General,
Federated Malay States ; and H. C. Belfield, Esq., c.m.g., Eesideut of
Selangor, who was officiating as Resident- General at the time the Rhio
expedition was projected and carried out, should be specially mentioned.
Thanks are also due to H.H. the Sultan of Johore for facilities
afforded in his territories and to Mr. H. Spakler, Cousul-General for
the Netherlands, for providing introductions which were of much
assistance in islands under the Dutch Flag.
[The whole of the collections reported on in the present article, with
the exception of those from Selangor and Perak, were made during a
cruise, which lasted from the commencement of June, 1908, to the
4th September, 1908. The vessel used was a large Chinese tongkaug,
or sailing lighter, of about 70 tons measurement, which had formerly
been used for conveying granite from the quarries of Pulo Ubin
in Johore Straits to Singapore. She measured about 70 feet in
length by 16 feet beam and drew when running light, as we used her,
about 5 feet. She was ketch rigged and carried a crew of four Hokkien
Chinamen and on a good breeze we could get six or seven knots out of
her, though, with the light airs prevalent at the season, our progress
was usually very slow and we took six days returning from Pulo
Tinggi to Singapore Straits, a distance we had covered on the north-
ward journey in 18 liours.
Our party consisted, for the greater portion of the trip, of two
Europeans, four Dyak collectors and a couple of Malay servants,
\mt Karimon and Kundur were not visited by Robinson, who had
to return to Kuala Lumpur. We lived on board the tongkang, in
^vhich a comfortable and commodious cn.bin had been built amidships,
collected from dawn until about 9 a.m. and again from 4 p.m. until dusk,
the intervening time being spent in skinning. We secured in all
i-ather over a thousand mammal skins and about two hundred birds.
The latter, however, are of no particular interest and only include one
rarity, the pigeon Cohonha grisea, G. K. Gr., ^vhich was shot on
101
Kariinon, It ]ia<l provionsly Ixvu <)l)tiiinoil In- Messrs. AI>lM.tt ami
Kloss on Pulo Tava, south-east of Liufji^f^.i Islaml. aiul in the chain of
islands, off the west coast of Snmatva, an<l is c-ununon on sonic* of
the islets, near the Sarawak coast, Imt, until rifontly as ouo of
the rarest species of its group, the British Museum only posHeBsiug ouo
antiquated specimen.
The collections described by Messrs. Thomas and WroUj^ht(»n in
the following pages were obtained in numerous localities, which may Ije
conveniently grouped in five main divisions, regarding whii-h it may Iw
of interest to give some account.
From the north, southwards, these divisions are :
(I.) The Larut Hills, iuimedintely above Taipinir. l!io capital of
Penile:
Specimens are listed from two localities in this range — viz..
(a) " Maxwell's Hill," a clearing of about a hundred acres iu
extent, at an average altitude of about 3,<)00 feet and
surrounded by heavy jungle ;
(b) Guuong Ijau, the culminating summit uf the Larui
Range, about 3 miles from Maxwell's Hill and nW>\\t
4,700 feet high.
From these localities two species of rats, hitherto knuwu only
from the type localities, were secured— viz., Miisf»'rrPoennu$.
known only from Dr. Abbott's three skins from Traug. and
Mus bulcit, which was described from Bukit Besar in the
Patani States— and also the type of nhinoi>ri,rntx i,.r>trer.
Thos. and Wrought.
(II.) Selangor :
Five localities in this State are mentioned— viz..
{n) Dusun Tua, about 17 miles from Kuala Lumpur, the
capital of the State, near some thernuil springs in the
vicinity of orchards an.l rice fields, though there is still
much old jungle left ;
(h) Cheras, half-way between Dusun Tua and Kuala Lumpur.
close to a big block of old jungle :
((;) "Klang Gates," about '.» miles from Kuala Lumpur,
beneath a range of pi*ecipitous limestone liills. of no
great elevation, covered with primary jungle. The
spiny rats "were found to be very common hon\ es-
pecially the obscure form. Mux pellnx. wlii.-h Imd
hitherto escaped our notice. Mu^ Khitii. or what we
thought was a form of Mu$ asper. Miller. wa« nln"
very numerous :
fj) Gunoug Mengkuang Lebah -
A mountain on the main range <»f the Peninsula U>twe«'n
SelauiTor and Paham:. attaining a height of al-Mit
,5,800 'tVet. Only small series of mammals hare liwn
]02
collected on this hill, Init it is known to possess, in
common with other ranges of similar elevation, species
that are not met with in the low country, such as
Mus ciliatus, Bonh. ; Sciarus tenuis tahari, Bonh. ;
Sc. novemlineaias, Miller; and Demomys rufiyenis
helfieldi (Bonh.) ;
(e) Semauglvo Pass, 2,700 feet—
A pass on the main range between Selangor and Paliang,
to the north of the preceding locality with high hi] Is,
on either side of it reaching about 4.800 feet.
(Til.) Singapore and S. Johore.:
(a) Bukit Timah, 680 feet—
In the centre of Singapore Island and the highest hill
on it. Being a forest reserve, tliere is still some old
jungle left, thoogh it is very much damaged, most
of the really large trees having been cut out. The
hill, or its immediate neighbourhood, is probably the
actual type locality for such species as Sciurtis tenuis,
Tupaia ferriujinea and Tvacjvlns ]i a nchilfulvi venter ;
(//) Changi, Singapore Island —
A locality at the north-east corner of the island at the
eastern entrance to Johore Straits, where there is
still 300 or 400 acres of old jungle, and where mam-
mals, especially I'ats and slirews, were found to be
numerous ;
(c) Tanjong Surat, S.-E. Johore—
On the coast of Johore, a few miles N.N.-E. of Changi.
A large village with considerable groves of coconuts.
There is no old jvmgle in the neighbourhood, all
having been felled for gambier and pine-apples. Most
of the plantations are now abandoned and have
grown u)) in coarse grass (lalang) and bracken
(resam) ;
(d) Si Karang, S.-E. Johore—
On the coast, 4 or 5 miles east of Tanjong Surat at
the foot of the hill marked on the charts as Little
.lohore Hill. There was a certain amount of jungle
here and characteristic sp'ecies, such as 3Ius vnciferavi^
and L'Jilt/osciuriis leo were obtained;
(e) Tanjong Boi, S.-E. Johore—
A promontory between the estuaries of the Johore and
Lebam Rivers and opposite Tanjong Sm-at.
A grove of coconuts yielded specimens of ^SV*. ji^ninsu-
taris, and not the new form luteolns, wliich occurs at
Tanjong Surat and Si Karang, and also a few com-
mon rats ;
(/) Bentau and Tanjou!^' Pcnan<„' —
Places on the soutli baulc uf tli.- [i-liani cHtuarv. nt
eacli of which we liad oiu' nij^lit's tnlpI)in^,^ wN-urinjf
spechnons of Mva /r/oxs/ and Mha i'IIIohum. The whole
of the district has been devastated \>y piue-applo
growers and no old jungle could be roatMied ;
(g) Tanjoug Gomok, S. Johore —
West of Pulo Ubin, on the north bank of the Johon-
Straits. This locality is only of interest on account
of the presence of 8c. v. mlniahiif.
(IV.) E. Johore :
(n) Lenian Point —
A small rocky knoll, projecting from an cxtmHive
sandy beach, whiih is frin;4<'d with ajiano\\ grove <)t
casuariuas and ba(;ked with a swamp so thorny a« to
be almost impenetrable. The locality, of which we
had great hopes, proved most di.sappoiutiiig and
yielded nothing but squirrels and a few rat.>4. (tante.
however, was abundant, and the fresli tracks of deer
and tiger were much in evidence during the thnv or
lowx days we remained at anchor off the point. The
village hard by had been deserted owinir to the nivagen
of bears :
(h) Sibu Island—
An island almut 4 miles long and 500 feet IukIi, ulwut
4 miles off the shore oi)posite Lenian P«»int : tho
intermediate depth ])eing under 10 fathoms. We
spent one night here and .secure.l a series of yfu»
rattm, which, we wore told, was tlie only maninuil .m
the island ;
(c) Tiuggi Island —
A loftv island, 5 miles by 2:' . and alx.ut 2.n(j(» f.vt high.
7 or 8 miles north-east of Sibu Tshnul. and junt
inside the 15-fathom line. It is inhal^it.-^l by ft fe*r
"orang laut" of nuxed Jakun and Malay ori«in. ami
has several large coconut groves on it. With tho
exception of a few hours spent on it by one of uh id
1906 it had never been collected on an.l it wft* hoped
mi^-ht vield species as interesting as its n.-igbUnin.
Tioman and Aor. Such was not the cav. howcvor.
and the collections were most uninteiv.tn.u'. .oiiMst.
iu- merelv of yiaeaca fa^dcuhri^, « •q«»rri-l of
peluu.uhn'is type: Mus concolor; and a ( y^opten,,.
which is pioV>ably C. uw,>tano,.
A mouse deer is said to exist but it is very rare an. .he
existence of anv other species i9 demed by he uatite*.
Even the planiain squiin-l was exm^liugly m-nrr.-.
104
Dnyong (Halieore fhiyovg) were not uiiconimon in some
of the bays ; but though two specimens were shot,
they sank at once and were not recovered,
(V.) The Khio Archipelago :
(a) Bintang Island—
With the exception of the outlying island of Panjang,
or Mapor, which we were unable to visit, owing to
unfavourable winds and currents, Bintang is the
most easterly, as it is also the largest, island in the
group. It is nowhere high, the biggest hill, Bukit
Bintang, which forms an important mark for vessels
entering Singapore Straits from the east and north
only reaching 1,200 feet. The greatest part of its
area consists of undulating land, from which all the
jungle has been cleared in years past — for pepper,
gambler and pine-ap])les — and has now, for the most
part, relapsed into secondary growth, which is very
difficult to penetrate. In places the ground is swampy
and portions of the coast are fringed by mangroves,
which, however, nowhere form a very broad belt,
except on parts of the south coast, which we did not
visit. On the north and east the shore is, for the
most part, rocky with occasional beaches of fine white
sand, and is nearly everywhere fringed by coral reefs.
We collected at three places — viz., Tanjong Tombak,
Pasir Panjang and Simgei Biru — all on the north
coast, and the latter close to Tanjong Berakit, the
north-east extremity of the island, and also visited
for an hour or two Telok Dalam, a small settlement
on the east coast ;
(b) Bat am Island —
Batam is the second largest island of the Rhio Archi-
pelago and lies west of Bintang, from which it is
separated by the Rhio Straits which form the highway
for vessels proceeding from Singapore to Java and
the Sunda Straits. It is even more cleai'ed than
Bintang, and those districts visited by us possessed
very little original jungle indeed. The collections
made by Kloss and reported on by Dr. Lyon were
secured on the north and west coasts, while the
present ones were made on the east at tAvo localities
Avithin a few miles of each other— viz., Tanjong Sauh
and Tanjong Turut, A full accoimt of the island is
given by one of us in the "Journal of the Straits
Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society; " *
No. 49, pp. 61-71 (1908).
lo:,
((•) Siinli Island —
A small island in IJIiio Slriiits l..-t\Vf.ii Hatain ainl
Bintaug, the site ol' a li<,'ht -house, iiiaintiiiiH'<l hv th<'
Dutch Goveriuueut . l*i<,'s of two si»tri«'M an? l<>iin<l
on it, mouse deer and the three species of ratH, but no
squirrels or shrews ;
((7) Karimon Island —
This island is the most outlying of the Arc•lli|Jelu^:o,
and the most conspicuous of the northern tfroiip,
owing to its height and position in the nioutli of
tlie Straits of Malacca near Singapore. ItH peak.
which is said to be an extinct volcano. riHcs to nearly
2,000 feet. Most of the timlicr ha.s been cut out
for export to the Singapore market and v<Ty littlf
remains except at the northern end.
Four localities were collected in— viz., Mouos at the
northern end at the entrance of the Stniits b«-tween
Karimon and Little Karimon, Sebatak on the eant
coast, Tanjoug Balai ami Pemeral on the south.
The whole of the south end of the island is rovere«l
with lalang grass and s<-rul> :
(e) Little Karimon —
A small island to the uortii of Karimon, al.oiit ."itHHeot
high. The only jungle left is on the tops of the
hills, but large groves of coconiits. areia |>iilnis and
durians exist. The islau<l is only inhabit. 'd .luring
the fruit season ;
(/) Merah Island-
About a square mile in .'xtent. a mile fmm tl»e south
coast of Karimon. Th.- ..ulv animal s.vnr.-d was
" Mus rattus ;"
((/) Tulang Islan<l
A large h)W islan.l. only separated by a narrow em-k
from Kundur. The expedition only stopjxnl ..ne
night here on the way from Kundur. A f.inn of
Eatnfa hi.'<l'jnix was shot and a f.-.v - Mn. mttu."
trapped ;
(//) Kundur Island -
A lar-e low islan-l. separated by a lO-fathoui rhann-l
from Karimon but bv much shallower water frx-ni
Sumatra. Onlv a small pat<h. a few acret m ex-
tent is left of the original jungh- at the north end
of the island, whieh was the only i-rtion t,.,i..1.
Giant s.iuirrel8 were fairly eomn.on. and ih- Uw
white pig. N"" "'. ^va.s said to U- v--. ...n.u...n. «,
was also the snmller S,i» rhi-,,,-.
106
1. PRRSBYTIS ALBOCINEEEA, Desm.
S 1468/08. Dusun Tna, Sclangor.
? 1470/08. Giinono- Mengkuang Lebah, Selangov, 5,200 feet.
[Apparently unknown soiitli of Selaugor, where it is the com-
monest monkey in the inland districts. — H. C. E. and C. B. K.]
2. PRESBYTIS ALBOCINEREl CANA, Mill.
(? 1434, 1451 ; ? 1452, 1501. Bliah, Kiiiidur Island, Rhio Archipelago.
Topotypes.
[This form and the next inhabit the high woods and are not seen
at river months nor in the mangroves. — H. C. E. and C. B. K.]
3. PRESBYTIS ALBOCINEREA RHIONIS, Milt,.
(J 811 ; 9 780. Smigei Biini, Biiifang Island, Bliio Arcln'pelago.
Topotypes.
4. PRESBYTIS CRISTATA, Raffles.
(? 1515/08 ; ? 1510/08. Kuala Sclangor, Selangor.
[Common in the coastal mangrove zone from Province Wellesley
to Kuala Klaug in Selangor, but unknown in Singapore or in any part
of Johore.— H. C. R. and C. B. K]
5. PRESBYTIS CRISTATA PULLATA.
Thos. and Wrought., Ann. Mag. N. H. (8), iii., p. 439 (1909).
(? 760 ; ? 762. Pasir Panjang, Bintang Island, Pihio Archipelago.
(J 921 ; 9 808, 809, 903, 904, 905, 900, 926. Tanjong Sanh and Tanjong Turiit,
Batani Island, Rhio Arcliipclago.
A local race of Preshyfis cristata, differing by its darker colouring,
especially on forehead and forearms and smaller teeth.
General colour as in P. cristaia but duller, bases of hairs true
black and pale tips quite short ; whereas in true cristata the bases are
slate colour, merging into silvery white for the terminal fourth of the
hair length. Black cap more marked than in cristata and extending
further back on to the nape ; forearms much less grizzlecl with white,
very often entirely black.
Skull as in cristata, except that the upper tooth row is rather
shorter.
Measurements op the Type :
Head and body, 430 ; tail, (-;03 ; hind foot, 154 ; ear, 30 mm.
Skull : greatest length, 90.5 ; basal length, G5 ; ])alatal length, 32 ;
greatest breadth, 69 ; braincase breadth, 50.5 ; nasal opening, 14.3 x
6.6 ; upper cheek tooth series, 26.3 ; maxillary tooth row, exclusive of
incisors, 30 mm.
Habitat. — Batam and Bintang Islands, Rhio Archipelago (type
from Tanjong Turvit, Batam Islands).
Type.— Adult female. B. M. No. 9, 4, 1, 9. Original number 906.
Collected 12th July, 1908.
107
[This Leaf Moukey, wliidi is .■all..l •• lolnii- itai.i.- •' luton;/ klal.u."
or merely " Idal.ii." l.y tlie local Malays, is excesBivcly common on l^.th
Batam and BiutauK ; though, curiously enounrji, Seimund did not im^.t
with it oil either Karimon or KuikIui-. As it was also uiin-pn-wntwl
in Dr. Abbott's collections, it presumably dot's not (M-cur on tliiito
islands. It is found usually in tin.' mangroves in the imnuHliut«*
neighbourhood of the sea or ti-lal cnvks. and hanlly evi-r in hi^h
jungle.
It keeps in small parties of six or seven individuals mad.- up of
one old male Avith females and young of difft-rent ages. 'J'Im- n«'wlv
born are brilliant orange yellow, l)ut the pdag." apj.t-ars to U« «-hnng«>«l
rapidly as specimens less than half grown are n\uu«\ i.].-iif i.-al in
colouration witli Ili<> adults. — H. C. R. ami C. B. K.
I!. .AtACACA FASCICri.AIUS, Rkffi.Ks.
c7]U()."). Siiignporo Lslaiid.
(? 819 ; ? 8W. Tingo'i Island, East Coast of Jolioiv.
(?812; ? 710, 746, 780, 78-1. Bintanj? Island, Hliio .Vivl.ipelot,'...
<J 892, 893 ; ? 870, 877. Batam Island, Hhio AroliipelnKo.
<?l:329, 13:31, 1332, 1662; ? 1330, 1636. Kaiiinon l.slun.l, !'
polago.
<? 1151; 9 1195. Kundiir Island. Rliio .\rcliii)fla'_'o.
[The " kra " was very common indeed on every island we vi.sifid,
including Singapore; females and young specimens were very taim*
and inquisitive, and consequently easy to c<dlect. but tin* old males wero
very wary and took a good deal of getting. On Karimon they niiiM><I
a great deal of trouble l\v springing or running ott' with the tnipM; an
a r(^sult, a good many more than were really n><piired came t4» un
untimely end. The Pcninsidar form of this macaqiif is very variuMf,
but it is not improludilf that the smaller, brighter rare inhabiting th«»
move inland districts may be suhspecifically distinct. H. (V K. and
0. B. K.J
7. PTKROITS \AM1'YHIS M \ I. ACCKNSIS. K. Am>.
<?773; $759. Pasir Panjanir. Hintanir tslanil, Rliio .\rclii|H«lnK".
^878,976; ?977. Tanjon^r Tiinit. Hatani Island, Rliiti .\rohi|>oU|ro.
<J866, 867. Tanjong Sauli. Batam I>lanil. Hliio ,\n-liii»olnfr".
[The Malay Flving Fox, or " kt luang," is «'s.>«MitiHnv u dpnixt«n of
the mangroves which fringe both shores of tl. ;».
and although it may jierietrale f"r «on.sidemble .;: ■ o
certain fruits ar.' in season, it is never seen in the count: n»
that are a common sight in the narrow chaunel.H that hut-.. ■- tin*
islands in the neighbourhood of th- Klang Slmit» on »h" ■•■•"«» "f
Selaugor. Jii the Khio ArchiiKdago it was connn.m .-n • A
visited. tho\igh nowhere seen in very It./.- (\,^l> U n.|
C. B. K.]
108
8, CYNOPTERUS MONTANOI, Rob.
S 1271. Si Karaiig, S.-E. Johore.
? 1178, 1175. Tanjoug Surat, S.-E, Johore.
cJ895, 898, 940, 941, 957; ? 942, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974. Tanjong Turut,
Batam Island, Ehio Archipelago.
(J . Pemeral, Karimon Island, Ehio Archipelago.
[Very coinmou nearly everywhere in the southern half of the
Peninsula and the islands, hanging in bunches under the eaves of the
houses and on the fronds of the coconut palms. Replaced by the
somewhat dubious species, C. angulati(s. Mill., in the more northern
districts, though how far south this form extends is as yet uncertain. —
H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
!t. CYNOPTERUS (NIADIUS) HARPAX.
Thos. and Wrought., Ann. Mag. N. H. (8), iii., p. 439 (1909).
(? 695/08. Seinangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang boundary, 3,000 feet.
""STlT
30th January, 1908.
B. M. No. 87, 20, 7. Type.
Size as in the Sumatran C. (N.) minor * but teeth less square.
Size about as in C. minor, or a little smaller, the present specimen
being old and the type of minor slightly immature. Colour quite as in
typical Cynopterus, the back olivaceous lirown with light bases to the
hairs ; sides of neclc, throat and sides of belly brilliant ochraceous,
median area of belly grey. Ears of medium size, margined with white,
an angular lobule at the base of the external border.
Skull of about the size of that of C. minor, except that the interor-
bital region, is narrower and the tooth row shorter. Owing, however, to
the imperfection of the tyjncal skull, I am not able to make a complete
comparison with the measurements given by Dr. Lyon. In general
form the skull is quite similar to that of the much larger C. (N.)
jprinceps, with the same grooved interorbital region with swollen
margins and the same well-marked ridges.
Teeth of the same essential structure as in the other two forms of
Niadius, with the same definite central cusp on p^, and m^, but
the teeth throughout are narrower, less squared, and the lower ones are
narrower posteriorly than anteriorly, the converse being the case
(at least for jj., and p^) in G. princeps, with whose teeth those of
C. minor are said to agree in every detail. The second minute central
cusp of w 1 of C. princeps is, however, not represented in the new form.
Dimensions of thr Type (the starred measurejnents taken in
the flesh) :
Forearm, 72 mm.; head and body, 105 ; * tail, 7 ; * hind foot, 15 ; *
ear, 21.* Third finger meta<^arpal, 48; first phalanx, 31; second
phalanx, 40.
Skull: tip of nasals to supraorbital foramen, 13.7; zygomatic
breadth, 22.5 ; least interorbital breadth, 5.6 ; front of canine to back
* Lyon, P. U. S. Nat. Miis., xxxiv., p. 665 (1908).
of III' (alveolij, lU.o ; ki.st luwer |»iviii<»I.ir, Icui^'di. 2.:5 : l.i\*aJtli
anteriorly, 1.9, breadth posteriorly, l.C,
Habitat and Type as above. Should any miHtaki' havf \n-iii mudy
in the allocation of siaiU to skiu, whidi the ch)se resenil^laiic*' ..f tin*
skin to ordinary Cynopterus suggests but which we liave no otii.-r
reason to suspect, the skull is to bo taken as the tvpt'.
This most interesting species represents an iutennediuie link
between Cynopterus and Mr. Miller's genus Nuulius, possesHiug thn
extra-central molar cusps of the latter and the narrower and jx^Hter-
iorly-tapered teeth of the former. On this account, and also as «.•
find that true Cynopterus has occasionally a small extra cusp on /»,,•
we are not prepared to recognise Nladlus as more than a sub-genus t.f
Cynopterus even if it should not be altogether conil»ined with the
latter.
With regard to the specific distinctness of C. harpax from (.'. mni'n-
with Avhich it agrees so closely in size, Dr. Lyon's statement that
minor has the square-shaped teeth of C. princei)s is so definite tliat iu
the case of such an accurate observer no doubt can exist as to the
dilt'erence between the two forms.
[No doubt need be felt as to tlie allocation <>f iskiu \>> hkull in the
case of this specimen ; tliere are four more of the species in the Sehing"r
Museum collection, all shot in the same place aud on the same day a«.
the type described above. Unfortunately, tlie skulls of two are de-
stroyed, and the others much damaged ; but sufficient material remains
to corroborate the cranial and skin characters given by the authors.
It is unusual to meet with specimens of Cynnpti'rni* in deep jungle
or at such an altitude as the Senumgko Pass.— H. C. K. aud C. H. K.j
JO. PTEXOCHIRLS LLCA>«1. Dylis,
i 1733, 173-i; ? 1735. Bukii Tiniiih, Siugaporc Islaiui y\\. N. Kidlcv).
^ 70G ; '^. 709, 712, 718. Tanjuiig Toiubnk, Biiiluu); IslniKl. Kbi.. Aixhi|K'luk'i>.
Mr. Ridley was the first to discover this bat out of BonuM\ having
sent specimens from Singapore to the British Museum in 1h;>1.
The teeth of Pt. lucasi are rather variable in size, some of the
specimens having much broader teeth than others. The same range
of variation in this respect occiu's both in Borueau aud Pouinsuhir
specimens. The teeth of the males are generally larger than thos<' of
tiie females, but there seem to be some exceptious to this rule.
[This Fruit Bat is an inhal)ilant of eaves aud cniuuies. but i» ver>-
local in the Peninsula, being only known from the aln.ve IcK^htv in
Singapore an.l from the Batu Caves near Kuahi Lumpur, whorv it
is one of the rarer species.— H. C. K. and C. B. \\
11. HIH'OSIDEROS (iALEBITle*. 1am.
S 1639, 1642 ; ¥ 1638. Mono:*, Karin.on I«laiul, Kl uo Arcbi|)cUgo.
* B. M. No. 97, 11, ». 1, fiw«" Bomb»r.
110
1-2. MKGADERMA SPASMA TllIFOLIUM, Geoff
S . Tuiijoiig Toiubiik, Biiitaiig Island, lUiio Arclxipelago.
[Outside caves this is the commonest of the Leaf-uosed Bats iu the
Peninsula.— H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
13. NYCTALVS STENOPTERUS, Dobs.
? 1283. Si Karaug, S.-E. Joliorc.
[Occurs also in Singapore and not hitherto recorded from the
Peninsular region. — H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
14. SCOTOPHILUS CASTANEUS, Gkay.
(? 1221, 1222; ? 1226, 1227, 1229, 1232. Tanjong Surat, S.-E. Juhore.
[Generally foniid in large numbers in the crowns of pinaiig and
coconut palms, or in houses. — H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
15. MYOTIS ADVERSrS (Hoesf.) (r).
1570, 15S1. Lekop, Karimon Island, Eliio ArcliiiJelago.
10. EMBALLONURA PENINSULARIS, Mill.
J 1482, 1461, 1484. Bliab, Kundur Island, Ehio Archipelago.
Pending a general revision of the group, we use Mr. Miller's name
for this bat on account of its locality. But we have already shown *
that his main reason for distinguishing it from the Javan nionticola,
its supposed greater size, was non-existent, and we now fail to find any
striking difference between the skulls of these specimens and those
collected by Mr. Shortridge in Java.
[Since this bat was first recorded f r^tm Trang it has turned up in
considerable numbers in various local collections. It is a jungle
species flying in dense shade throughout the day and appearing in
open spaces at dusk. — H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
17. TAPHOZOL'S LONGIMANUS ALBIPINN18, Thos.
¥ 1218. Tanjong Surat, S.-B. Joliore.
[Found associated with large numbers of ScotojjhUus casfaneus.
Lives in hollow trees and among rocks. — H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
18. CHIROMELES TORQUATUS, Horsf.
(? 1444, 14-55. Bliali, Kundur Island, Ehio Archipelago.
[Very common in Singapore, in the Rhio Archipelago and in
Tioman Island, but decidedly rarer on the mainlaud. It is not an easy
species to obtain, as it flies with extreme swiftness, justifying its
generic name, and only appears when it is almost dark. Several were
shot from the deck of the tongkang but sank at once. — H. C. R. and
C. B. K.]
ly. GALEOPTERUS PENINSUL/E, Tuos.
c? 1120 ; 9 1089. Changi, Singapore Island.
[Quite common in those portions of Singapore Island, still undei'
forest, the Flying Lemur, or "kubong," occurs abundantly on all the
* P. Z. S., 1909, p. 38.
11]
islands ruuud tin.' Peiiiusulu, l.iit ;4)i)iiivinlv i.iuiv spariiiKlv uii iho
maiuland itself. It iuhal.its dense jun^,de. "where it puwHes" the .hiy
with its body closely flattened against the trunks (if tre<-s with itn h.-ail
upwards, not lianoiu-' from branches like bats. It is pnibubly .repuH-
eular, but we have never seen it flying on its own initiative' like tho
large flying squirrels of the genus Vteromip.
The lemon yellow tinge often observed on the i^eiage apiK'ars to Xm
due to some extraneous matter as it partially disappears durinj; the
preparation of the specimen. Though commonly dassetl as an
insectivore, the species is largely a vegetable feeder as the Htouiachts
of the numerous individuals examined by us rarelv containf<l anv
appreciable amount of animal matter, but were almostly whollv filleil
Avith masticated leaves and buds. — H. C. K. and C 1>. K.
20. GALEOl'TEIiUS AORIS, Mill.
(?7o2, 772 J V 751. Pasir Paujung, Biutang Ishiud, liliio ArcliiiH.'lag(j.
<? 789, 795 ; ? 813, 814. Sungei Biru, Bintang Island, Rhio Archiiwhigu,
(? 1560, 1561 ; 9 1559. Lekop, Karimoii Island, Khio Aivliiiwlugo.
? 1635. Monos, Karimou Island, Khio .\ax-liii)elag(i.
We find that the Flying Lemurs, inhabiting the Rhio Archi|H.'hig<>,
Aor Island, the Natunas and Borneo, agree in Ijeiug of medium si/e, with
very small teeth in marked contrast to the large teeth of jn ninful.i .
But among themselves we have failed to find any constant local difTt-r-
ences warranting their division into races, and have therefore adopted
aoris as the oldest name for them.
[Very common on all the islands. — H. C. K. and C B. K. '
n. TLTAIA CASTAXliA, .AIill.
(?782, 792, 806; ? 791. Sungei Biru, Bintang Islun<l, Khio Arcliiju-luKo.
<J749, 750: $742,768. I'a^^ir Panjang, Bintang Inland, Kbio An.-lii|Ji*lng<ii.
Topotypes.
[This shre\v is remarkably distinct from any b.rin iuhabitiug the
Peninsula or adjacent islands, though a closely-allieil nice has mx-utly
been described from Sumatra. It was very abundant i>u Bintanu' iu
secondary jungle which had grown up on the sites of old giinibier
plantations. The pelage of very youug spec-inieus is different fn.m
that of the adult and approadies T. /nriiijimu.— 11. C. K. uud
C. B. K.1
22. Ttl'AIA IEKUl<;iNKA. UvrFLf.
cJlUll, 1035, 1054, 1101, 1128; » 1007, 1099, 1129. ChBUgi. Su.g»|K*rc
Island.
(? 1263 ; ? 125 1 . Si Karaiig, S.-E. Jol.oif.
[The jungle near Changi was an exceedingly goo.1 trupping ^m>un«l.
and out of 70 or 80 traps set every night, hanlly oue wa» f-und
unsprung, or without an occupant next morning. Six or .K-vvn
of these shrews were usuallv thus captured and uuiuy morv were .hot
everv dav. The popular name of "tree shrew" for th»»i- «n.ni«U
is hardlv .lescriptive of then- habit.s a.s. in the ca«. ef Uie inujonlv
112
of species, at any rate, it is quite exceptional to see cue anywhere tliau
on the ground, among the roots of trees or on low bushes. The diet is
very mixed, consisting of ants and other insects, fruits, seeds and buds.
The nest is found in holes, often in fallen timber, and two young are
produced at a birth.— H. C. E. and C. B. K.]
23. TUPAIA PERRUGINEA BATAMANA, Lyox,
(?881, 956, 966, 967; ? 900, 918, 965. Tanjoiig Tm-ut, Batam island, Kliio
Archipelago.
Topotypes.
[As common in Batam Island as the typical form is in Singapore. —
H. C. K. and C B. K.]
21. ARCTOGALIDIA FUSCA, Mill.
$ 1525, 1526. Bliah, Kuudur Island, Rhio ArchiiDelago.
Topotypes,
25. ARCTOGALIDIA SIMPLEX, Mill.
(?939; $938. Tanjoug Turut, Bataui Island, Rhio Archipelago.
[Species of this genus, to which the name of palm-civet far more
properly applies than to the commoner Paradoxurm, are apparently by
no means rare in the Ehio Archipelago. It is evidently far more
diurnal than the ordinary musang and less carnivorous in its diet. It
was numerous among the coconuts, fringing the east coast of Batam,
and several were shot at dusk, though an individual has also been shot
at midday while feeding in shady forests.
On the Peninsula itself the genus is rare and none of the local
Museums possess an adult specimen, and neither of us have during
many years seen a specimen in the flesh. — H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
26. AONYX CINEREUS, III.
c? 770. Pasir Panjang, Bintaug Island, Rhio Archipelago.
[Common among the mangroves on the shore.
Quite the most abundant of the otters of the Malay Peninsula and
found equally in salt, brackish and fresh water, and even in mountain
streams.— h' C. R. and C. B. K.]
27. RATUFA AFFINIS, Raffles.
(? lOJ^l. Changi, Singapore Island.
Topotype.
[Now getting rather scarce in Singapore, though common in
S. Johore. Its extension northwards is very limited, and we do
not know of any specimen obtained in the interior of the State. In
Malacca and Negri Sembilan its place seems to be taken by the form
to which the name of Batnfa affinis aureiventer, Geoff., has been applied
by Bouhote. Further north on the west side of the mountains the
dark-footed species 11. injrsonota, Mill., begins to appear. The black
and yellow species B. melanopepla, Mill., occurs throughout the Penin-
sula except in the districts inhabited by B. afiiiis. It is not kuown
from Singapore. — H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
■Zd. RATUFA IX.SU..X1S, MiM..
<J894 ; $ 879. Tanjon^ Tiinit, Bntam IbIiuuI, Rliio AroLipolMK-..
(? 1532 ; ? 1533. Takiig Islaiul, Khio AicImihIjij;.,,
A coinparisoii of the fine sorifs of Rhio Giant Stinin-t-Ih (.l)taiu».<l
by this expedition brings us to the coucUisiou that they ou^ht all to bo
considered as one species, and that even as sub-speeifK, the rharai t<»rM
used by Mr. Miller to separate the dilTerent island foniiH. are mi
intangible and so inconstant that their recognition is only di>n)»tfiill_v
advisable. For the moment we place the specinit-ns that are tt>jM)t _vp*'H
under their respective island names, leaving those from Batam and
Talang simply as i?. //^^•/f//; /,«•'.
That the different island forms overlap in thfir characttrs iH a fact
beyond dispute, as these specimens clearly show, and we are more than
ever convinced, that the use of binomials fur such forniH is a vt-ry
great mistake.
[Apparently scarce on Batam, as the two specimens listtnl ulwvo
were the only ones seen by a party of six in over a fortuifrht. whilf
Kloss never met with it on two visits. Seimund reports it r.s <omni«>u
on Talang.
All the Giant Squirrels are inhabitants of high juuglfH except
in the fruit season when they occasionally visit orchards. Tlioy kit-p
to the tops of lofty trees, are solitary in their habits, and. when
alarmed, give utterance to a loud chattering, which is sonu-tiines inward
in the jungle at night. The very special liability of membTs of this
genus to rapid and extensive bleaching causes great difficuliy in the
recognition of the very numerous geographical races into wh'eh tjie
original B. ephippium has now been split uj).— H. C. K. and C. H K.]
29. RATUFA INSIGXIS CVUIMONKXSIS. Mil r,.
<?15i4. 1551, 15.53; ? L 47. 155u, 1552. 15.5.5, 1.5.50. Sohatak. Kariinon
Island, Rhio Archipelago.
S 1634. Monos. Karimon Island, Khio Archipolnpo.
? 1372. Pcmeral, Karimon Island, Rhio Archii.clngo.
Topotypes.
[Very common. — E. S.]
30. RATl'FA INSI(;NIS COXDIUIIXM^, Mii.L.
<? 1493; 9 1470, 1472. Bliuh, Kandur Island, Rhio Archii»clngo.
Topotypes.
[Common. — PJ. S.]
:n. RATIFA INSIt.MS (ONM'UIA. MiM.
<J790. 809; ?807, SiU. Sunjroi Him, Bintnntr lulnn.l, Hhio ArrhipcUgo,
Topotvpes.
[This'species was common only in n patch of high j.in«le M tlje
extren.e north-east end of Bmtang Island and wa. r-^hcr *ljffi.ujt
to get, as it kept to the extreme top>. of very lofty tr«».-H. t. B, wa
C. B. K.l
Pec, 1000.
114
,32. SCIURUS PREVOSTII CONDURENSIS, Mill.
<?1437, lUo, 1446, 1469, 1492; ? 1438, 1439, 1440, 1442, 1450, 1468.
Bliah, Kundur Island, Rhio Archipelago.
Topotypes.
[Very commou. It is a curious fact that in the Ehio Islands,
where squirrels of this group are met with, no form of vittatus occurs
and vice versa. All the specimens from the Archijielago were obtained
in the vicinity of villages, but in the Peninsula they are strictly
jungle animals and are quite imknown in orchards. — H. C. R. and
C. B. K.]
.•53. SOIURUS PREVOSTII CARIMONENSIS, Mill.
^1341, 1355, 1367, 1387, 1388; ? 1328, 1368, 1371, 1389, 1403.
Pemeral, Karimon Island, Rhio Archipelago.
Topotypes.
3k SClURrS VITTATrS MIMATUS, Mill,
? 1307, 1309. Taiijong Gomok, S. Johore.
[The occurrence of five specimens of this race at the extreme south
of the Peninsula is a most disconcerting fact, as we were formerly of
the opinion that the true miniatus was found only in connection with
the main range and did not extend further south at most than llie
latitude of Malacca, while the remaining non-mountainous southern
portion of the Peninsula {i.e., the region south of the Pahang, Triang
and Muar rivers) seemed to be occupied by the paler animals of the
following races, Avith no clear red pencil to the tail. It seems at pre-
sent an undoubted fact that these specimens of miniatits from Tanjong
Gomok are isolated from the rest of their race by the southern forms,
and that we have here a minor instance of discontinuous distribu-
tion.— H. C. E. and C. B. K.]
35. SCIURUS VITTATUS PENINSULAEIS, Mill.
(?833. Lemuii Point, E. Johore.
S 1215, 1216. Tanjong Boi, S.-E. Johore.
? 860. Bukifc Timah, Singapore Island.
S 1039, 1113 ; ? 1013, 1032, 11.33. Changi, Singapore Island.
(? 1687, 1688 ; ? 1666, 1689, 1711. Little Karimon Island, Rhio Archipelago.
(? 766; ¥ 732, 743, 769. Pasir Panjang, Bintang Island, Rhio Archipelago.
^702, 704, 710. Tanjong Tombak, Bintang Island, Rhio Archipelago.
9 825. Telok Dalam, Bintang Island, Rhio Archipelago.
? 794. Sungei Biru, Bintang Island, Ehio Archipelago.
Some of the Bintang specimens have a broader black lateral stripe
than usual, but the character is not constant enough to justify their
separation as a local race.
In working out these Plantain Squirrels the question has again
arisen as to what is the typical 8c. vittatus, Raffles., a question which has
given a great deal of trouble to recent workers, owing to the fact that
the four specimens in the British Museum received from Raffles
and considered as typical of his species are obviously referable to more
than one form.
nr,
Wo now owe to the l<in.ln."ss ..I il,.- aiitliuHtios ot th.- Unil.-.l
States National Museum six speciinen.s ol" tlu" ^a-oup, ivpivwntint,'
different forms described and recognised hj Messrs. Miller and Lvon
in their various writings on the subject, and have carefully couipan-.!
Raffles' specimens with these in order to settle, pen<ling tin' urrivaj of
Bencooleu topotypes, what form should be cousiilen-d to Ix; the true
Scmrus vittains.
Of the four " typical " specimens, No. 79, 11, 21, 580, lias a re<l tail
tip, and is clearly referable to 8. v. miniatus, Miller, a native of tl»«.
northern part of the Malay Peninsula. No such form has Uh-i\ found
in Sumatra, and since Eaflles undoubtedly received many KpHnineiiH
from places in the Peninsula, we may consider this specimen as one
of them, and eliminate it as being not typical of tin- Hmcool.-n
viftatus.
A second specimen, No. 79, 11, 21, 581, has lost the tip of its tail,
1)ut the stump shows a little red, and this also may, therefore. Iio
eliminated as possibly Malayan in its origin and put asidr frnni
the question.
The above two specimens are referred to in Horsfu'ld's " Catalogue
of the Indian Museum"* as having been presented by Sir T, S.
Raffles, but no locality is assigned to them.
The other two specimens, 69a and 096, were presented by I,ady
Raffles in 1830, and of them 69a with a broken tail and cljaracters
that we cannot match exactly in any Sumatran specimen may l>e put
aside, thus leaving 69h to stand as the type.
This specimen agrees precisely with the two from localities nearest
to Bencoolen now available to us— namely, one from Pa jo in the Padang
Highlands, collected by Carl Bock; and the other from Tarussau IJuy,
collected by Dr. Abbott —and typical of Mr. Lyon's Sr. r. loniKdauuf.^ a
name that will, therefore, become a synonym of Sr. v. riltaliig.
This result is not unexpected, and there is littj.' prospect of its
being upset on the arrival of undoubted Bencoolen spociuiens of iSV.
vittatiis.
We, therefore, take the name viftatus for the PlaTitain S«]uirr<«l of
the southern half of Western Sumatra, heaving prniiiHulariM for thos*»
of the Peninsula and Eastern Sumatra, with the niiijority of tlio
islands between the two. That fi i Batam. howev.T. may l« di«tin-
guishcd as a special local form.
30. scirms vittatis xesiotk.s.
Thos. and Wrought., Ann. Mag. N. H. (8). iii.. p. «0 (iJ>01>).
(J884, 898, 912, 91 i, 920. 92a. 9(59; ?908, 909, 911, 935. Tnnj.mK Tanil.
Batani Island, Rliio Ardiipi-lngo.
^873; ?871, 874, 875. Tntijonjr Si\nli, Untnm Isluml. Rlii'> An"
A local race of Sc. vittittiis, most reseinbli...' oi1,.m. -■
but with the dark lateral band reduced.
* P. 152 (1851). t Smiths. Misc. Coll., xlviii, p. 279 (1907).
lit)
General colour above rather greyer than in 2ieniiisvJarit- ; anus,
hands, legs and feet as in true vittafus and lacking the bright golden
grizzling of jyeninsularis. Lower surface " tawny ochraceous," black
side sti-ipe narrow in marked contrast to its strong development in the
specimens of the vHiatns group in the other islands of the Archipelago.
8kull as in typical vittaUisi.
Dimensions of the Type :
Head and body, 202 ; tail, 173 ; hind ft)ol, 45 : ear, 1(J mm.
Skull : greatest length, 51 ; basilar length, 40 ; greatest breadth,
31.3; nasals. 15; diastema. 12.4; upper molar series, exclusive of j).,,
8.8 mm.
Habitat. — Batam Island, Ehio Archipelago (type from Tanjong
Turut).
Type.— Adult male. B. M. No. 9, 4, 1, 170. Original number 920.
Collected 14th July, 1908.
It might be difficult to distinguish certain individuals with
exceptionally well-marked lateral stripe from extreme specimens of
jS'c. v. peninsular is, but the brighter colouring of the hands and feet in
penivsniarh ])el]->R to make the two forms easily separable.
:57. SCIUPvUS VITTATUS SUBLrXEUS.
Thos. and Wrought., Ann. Mag. N. H. (8), iii., p. 440 (1909).
<J1250, 1274, 1275, 1278; ? 12-16, 3 248, 127(5. Si Knrang, S.-E. .Joliorc.
<?8oO. Tiiiggi Island, S. Cliiii.i Sea.
A local form of Se. vlttatm, the same size as v. penlnsularis,
characterised by the " soiled" pale yellow colour of the abdomen.
Closely resembling typical vittatus, but the general colour somewhat
greyer, the abdomen " orange buff," it is " ochraceous buff" in typical
rt/ /a/ MS and "tawny" m v. peninstdarls; hands and feet greyer than
in true vittatus, the golden grizzling so conspicuous in v. peninsularis
entirely absent.
Skull as in typical vittatus, but teeth somewhat smaller.
Dimensions of the Type :
Head and body, 191 ; tail, 18G; hind foot, 47; ear, 17 mm.
Skull: greatest length, 51.5 ; basilar length, 41.3 ; greatest breadth,
30.5; nasals, 15.5; diastema, 13; upper molar series, excluding pg,
8 mm.
Habitat. — Si Karang, S.-E. Johore.
Type.— Adult male. B. M. No. 9, 4. 1, 180. Original number
1250. Collected 1st August, 1908.
There is practically no variation throughout the series, and the form
is recognise ble at a glance from any other by the peculiar colouring of
the belly.
[About sixteen specimens of this form have been actually preserved,
and one of us has examined another 20, which were shot within 10
miles of the type locality at Tanjong Sm-at, and all agree in the
117
characters as yiveii abuve. Wo arc .l..ul,ilul. huwevt-r. wheth.-r the
Tiuggi squirrel, wheu a hirger series is avaihihh\ will W- n'tuiiuHl in thi«
race. Moreover, siiecimeiis from Leuuui Point on the .-ast cumit of
Johore, not more tliau 15 miles from Tin-gi, ure in.lul.itubly j^nin.
sidarU: The corner of Johore, \vheuco all but the Tin^"„'i 8i').'«-iinonH
come, is nearly an island, as a deep estuary, the Sungei Lebuni. runs up
to Avithin 4 or 5 miles of the east coast, while the Johoj-L- StniitN
and the estuary of the Johore Kivcr separates it from llu* niaiuhiud t.i
the we^t. At Tanjong Boi, within 8 miles, as the crow lli.s of the
type locality of this race, but on the other side of the estuuiy. Sc. r.
peHiHimlaris is common. — H. C. K. and C. B. K. I
:>s. KCHRIS T1:m IS. ll..i:sr.
S 1(A)1, 111(52, J 118 ; ? 1062«. Chang], Singupoio Islau'l.
cJ8-Jl), SG2; $850, StJl. Biikit Timalu Singai.urc Island. ,
Toj^otypes.
[This small squirrel is widely distributed through-. ut ili-' IVuiusuhi
up to about 4,000 feet, above which level it is. in Paljaug an<l Sclaup.r.
replaced by He. laui'is tahan, a consideral)ly larger fi.mi, which. ajKirt
from dimensions, can be recognised by tlie yi-llMW liutY, ii-'i white
annulations to the hairs of the tail.
Though we have not actually seen topotypes of Sciuru-> lenuin
sardaif, Miller, described from Trang, we have had through our hand«
some hundreds of specimens from all h>calities south of a point ulx>ut
loO miles south of Trang, and have been unable to draw any coustiint
distinction, however slight between this large nundn^r and some :>0
or 40 topotypes of Sc. tenids from 8iugai)ore. Yvviw the fact that
the authorities of the United States National Museum have distribute*!
specimens from Johort} under the name Sc. tenuis ^urdui; Miller, it
would appear that they restrict the typical Inmig to JSiugaiM.re Isluud,
a conclusion with which we cannot agree. — H. C \l and <' 1*« Iv
:ni. sciinrs si-i.mi.mu.
Thos. and Wrought., Ann. Mag. N. H. («), iii.. p. ti:' i.liHH»).
^Ulied to, and of the same size as. Sc. rolinxonl. Bouli.. but luiviug
the pale belly area mudi narn-vcd and the hand-" and iVvt iiion-
coarsely made.
Fur soft and close, but ratlar ,^hori ( 7 mm. on tlu- back). Ucuerul
colour above as in robiii^i'ul l>ut rather warmer csiKvially on the fi»iv-
l>arts; below much less tinged with bull than in that sjMvio.s. at ino»t
yellowish white. Dark colour of back protbkMil «l..\vnward-s on the
sides, so that the pale belly area, which i.s parallel sidiil and ^httTly
deflned, is n)uch narrowed, and tlie pale aix-as ou the inner sidt* of the
upper arms and legs are isolated from it. Hands and fi-»'t eoluun«d
like the back, more heavily Iniilt than in ,uhiii:«nil.
Sladl of type much damaged, hut not «p|»eariug to differ fruui |h«l
of roblnsonl, except that the upper incisors 80t>m sliirhtly uion? iuolimnl
forward^^,
118
Dimensions of the Type :
Head and body, 115 ; tail, 86 ; hind foot, 32 ; ear, 12 mm.
Skull too damaged to yield reliable measui-ements except upper
tootli series, exclusive of jij'\ 5.5 mm.
Habitat. — Bliali, Kundvu- Island, Eliio Archipelago.
Type.— Old male. B. M. No. 9, 4, 1, 188. Original number 1505.
Collected 21st August, 1908.
The narrowing of the belly colour by the prolongation downwards
of the dark colouration of the upper surface serves to distinguish this
species at a glance from Sc. rohinsoni, Bonh., its only close ally.
We have named this species after Mr. E. Seimund, Mr. Robinson's
assistant and taxidermist, to whose energy and collecting powers the
richness of the Uhio collection is largely due.
[Squirrels of this type are really quite common in certain
localities on the Peninsula, and considerable numbers of the local form
named recently by Mr. Thomas, 8c. rohinsoni alacris, have been
collected in Selangor within the last few months. It is a ground
species, running about in very thick undergrowth among fallen timber
and rarely found at any height on the trees. It can only be shot,
therefore, at very short range, and hardly any undamaged specimens
with perfect skulls have as yet been secured.
The si)ecimeu from the Kateman River,* Eastern Suniiitra, identified
by Mr. Lyon as Sciurus lovni, Thos., must be very close to, if not identical
with, this species.— 11. 0. R. and C. B. K.]
Ml. LARISCUS "IXSIGNIS,"t F. Cl'v,
S 129. Gunong Ijan, Perak, 4,700 feet.
S 202,0; ?2036. Choras, Selangor.
c?10o5, 1057; ? 1102. Cliangi, Singapore Island.
[We have recently brought togethei" a large series of Lariaciis
(until lately more generally known as Funambulus) with a view to elu-
cidating the two species hitherto described from the Peninsula — viz.,
L. jjeninsulx. (Mill.) from Trang, of which only one authentic specimen
is known; and L. inskjms jalorensis (Bonh.) type from Bukit Besar in
the Patani States, of which we possess a very large series from all
localities south of Perak, including specimens compared and identified
with the type by Mr. Bonhote himself. It may briefly be stated that,
with the exception of one specimen from Bukit Kutu in Selangor,
Avhich we are inclined to think abnormal, the whole of the very large
series that has passed through our hands, except those from Johore and
Singapore, can without hesitation be referred to the form described by
Bonhote, without considering the validity of that form as comjjared
with the typical inslgnis from Sumati-a.
The five specimens that we have seen from Singapore, however, and
others collected by Kloss in Johore, which were referred to j^eninsulx
* Lyon, Proc. U. S. :Nat. Mas., xxxiv., p. 6-1-2 (1908).
T Lavio being preoccupied, wc have suggested the name Luriscu.5 in a paper
published by the Zoological Society. (P. Z. S., 1909, p. 389).
119
hy Bonhote (P. Z. S., 190(3, p. 7), agree amoiij,' themselveH uiiU differ
very markedly from jalorcusis in havin<^' the si<les uu.l lluukn verv
mueli more rufous, almost orauge. — H. C. K. au<l C. li. K.J
n. RHIXOSCIURUS TUl'AlOlDIvS,* 1;l\iii.
S (373, 671. TuiijoDg Malini, Perak-Sclau^'or bouiulurv.
a" 2005, 2037; ? 2001, 2070. Chcras, Sclaiigor.
The origimil tupaioides may be readily disliuguished \\\ its white-
washed, tail, the tips of the hairs being either white, or with but the
faintest trace of buffy, in niarked contrast to the strungly bufTy-wubhed
tails of all the other members of the genns.
Dr. Annandulc, of the Calcutta Museum, has been gixjil enough to
inform lis that, in the original specimen described liy Divth, tin- '* tips
of the hairs of the tail appear to have been pure white without auv
trace of ochraceous whatever."
The present collection includes a magnificent series of liltiiifji>ruiniii,
a genus so rare that the British Museum only possessed four skins uf
it before we received the typical series of It. rohin><i>ni froui Tinmaii
last year, and judging by the lists published. Dr. Abbott's collectiuua
included but very few examples of it.
Now, however, we have before us no less than 4'! s|»eciintns, inclu-
ding series from each of the localities chiefly dealt with in the present
paper.
It is a curious thing that in this genus the cheek-teeth wear down
with unusual rapidity, so that many old specimens have the te<-th
worn quite down to the roots, or even altogether absent. In «>n«' cjumj
we have had to select as type a specimen without any teeth, but ua
these, when present, are of little diagnostic value, such a selection docs
not materially matter.
The forms contained in the genus may Ije arranged as l"oll,.\v> :
A. Tail hairswashed with whitish, Selangor,Mahicca,ctc. tupaioidos
B. Tail hairs tipped with buft'y ochraceous.
a'. Muzzle of skull comparatively bruad.
a". Hind foot 39 mm. or upwards.
a'". Skull shorter, bullte smaller, Perak poracor
h'". Skull longer, bulhc larger.
a K Hind foot averaging about 40 mm., Singapore loo
IK Hind foot averaging about 42 mm.. Khio
Islands loo rhioniB
h". Hind foot 36-88 mm., Tionian Island robinsoni
h'. ]\Iuzzle of skull verv narrow, panillcl sided, bullif
small, Borneo ..'. ... - loticaudatua
* On further cousidcration, Thomas decides not to pi
tion ("Journal, Federated Muhty States Mus.," ii., p. lOi, U^
names in Gray's List of Mammals, 1H43, shoul.l bo considen-d t
scriptions. As a rcsuK , the typo of tlie present siwcie- " ' ' •
in 1855 by Blylh and not that in Groy's List.
120
It is t(> be uuticed that the colour t>f the helly is different in the
two sexes, owing to the niule generally having a Irrown patch in
the inguinal region, just in front of the hips, and this, with the browu
colour of the scrotum, gives a much darker aspect to the under side
than is the case in the females. 8ome few males are, however, with-
out the brovvn jjatches.
[The habits of all the species of Rhinosciaras known to us are
identical and v>diat applies to one applies to all equally. They are
strictly terrestial and very shy, which accounts for their rarity in
collections. Their diet, judging from numerous specimens that we
have examined, is principally insectivorous, consisting of large ants
and beetles. The tongue is vei'V long and remarkably protrusible, and
it is probable that gritty matter taken up with the insects by means of
this organ accounts for the rapid wear of the teeth, which Messrs.
Thomas and Wroughton have commented on above. The animals are
generally found in the neighbourhood of large and rotten logs and, at
the least alai'ui, take refuge beneath or in any available hole. The
considerable number obtained was principally due to the efforts of
one of our Dyak collectors, who developed a remarkable capacity for
securing ground birds and nuimmals. — H. C. K. and C. B. K.]
12. IIHINOSCIURUS PERAC'ER.
Thos. and Wrought., Ann. Mag. N. H. (8). iii., p. 440 (1909).
V 89. Maxwell's Hill, Perak, 3,600 feet. 1st September, 1908.
B. M. No. 9, 4, 1, 252. Type.
General colour daik ; light shoulder stripes scarcely perceptible ;
under surface of medium buffiness. Hands and feet dark, becoming
l>Iack on the fingers and toes. Tail jiairs tipped with buffy ochraceous,
rdther less broadly and cousiiicuously than in the more southern
forms.
Skull curiously more like that of the Borneau laticaadatnK than of
the intermediate forms, the Indite similarly small, the muzzle not
quite so narrow and parallel sided.
Dimensions of the Type measured in the tlesh :
Head and body, 213 ; tail, 122 ; hind foot, 41 ; ear, 14 mm.
Skull: greatest lenglh, 56; condylo-basal length, 52; greatest
breadth, 26; length of bullie, 11.7; upper molar series, exclusive of
l>^, 10 mm.
Habitat and Type as above.
The occurrence of this U/iiiwifciarus with a buffy-washed tail to the
north of hijjaioides is ciuious, for the latter appears to range quite
aci-oss the Peninsula, and to shut off jjcroxer from all the other
similarly-coloured forms to the sottth. Its skull is more similar to that
of the Borneau species than to leo, the species occurring next south
"f l"i>':i.i.'.>ulci<.
121
w. KHixoscinas li:u.
Thos. and Wruu-lit., I.e., p. UO (19U9).
cJ I2\)\i. Hi Kai-aiia-, S.-E. Jolioiv.
c?lO:52, 1122, 1123; $1058, lOliG (vg.). 1103, 11 11. Cliai.fc'i, 8ii.gmi»ro
Ii^l;UKl.
Like jK. j^e/'rtcvr oxterually, the gein'ial colour a little riclnr, the
tail more broadly -vvaslied with bully-oolnaceous. and the luider Hurface
averaging whiter, though some specimens are iniite aa buftv Ijelow.
Brown of hands and feet running on to the lingers and t<>es, thew
being only black just at the bases of the claws.
Skull longer than in peracer, and tiie bulho markedly larger, the
largest iu the genus.
Dimensions of the Type measured in skin :
Head and body, 204; tail, 122 ; hind foot, 41 ; ear, 18 mm.
Skull : greatest length, 58 ; condylo-basal length, oS ; gi-eatest
Ijreadth, 29 ; palatal length. 32.5; length of bulUe, 12.3 Oio cheek-teeth
remaining).
Habitat. — Singapore Island and adjacent mainhmd (t\pe Imui
Changi, Singapore).
Type.— Old male. B. M. No. i>, 4. 1, 2oo. Original numb-r 11 Ju'.
Collected 24th July, 1908, by H. C. Robinson and E. Seimund.
This species is distinguished from the Perak animal by its nnich
larger bullae, from the Selangor tnpaiokhn by it^i ochi-ace('Ui.wa.ihe.l
tail and from its insular representative rhiotiii* by its smaller average
size and lighter belly.
The hind feet of the six adult Singapore spwimeiis mewBUiv an
follows : 39, 39, 41, 41, 41, 41 mm.
41. RUIONOSCllRl>>' LEO KIlloM-.
Thos. and Wrought., I.e., p. -Ul (1909).
J 1366, 1546, 1.j77, 1611, 1613. Karinion I.-<laiul, Khio Arclii|n-l:4.'o.
(?li73, IMl: '^1146, 130-1, 1310. Bliuli, Kiimlur Maiid. Rliio Ar\'lii|"^ln;:«'.
i 901, 937, 9.34, 933 ; V 946. Taiij«>i'fr Tnnit, Uatam Lsl.nul. Kl.io ArcLii>«Oii-...
<?763, 771. V-A^iv PanjaiiL', IJiiUan^' l-laiul. Kliio Aivliii»fluK<'.
Like true lea but the general coluur slightly ncher. tlie liglif
shoulder stripes more evident, the belly more strongly Mifruf**^! «iih
buftv, varying from -cream buft" to "bull" or even o.va>ionaI!y
"ociiraceous butt"." Size averaging greater, as shuwu hy tli" K'lic'h
of the hind feet given below.
Skull bulla- large, ImU barely so large in pi\>|K.rtiuu. ou the
average, as iu true ho.
Dimensions of the Type :
Head and bodv, 212; tail. 135: hiud Iwt, 42.5; car, 16 min.
122
Skull : |[,a-eatest length, 59 ; condylo -basal leiigtli, 55 ; greatest
breadth, 28.8 ; palatal length, 32 ; length of bvillae, 12 mm. ; front oij'^
to back of hi^, 10.5.
Habitat. — Rhio Archipelago, from Kundur on the west to Bintang
on the east (t;ype from Karimon).
Type.— Adult female. B. M. No. 9, 4, 1, 238. Original number
1366. Collected 13th August, 1908.
This Rhio form of Jeo is rather larger and lighter coloured with
more strongly buffy belly, but the variation of the belly colour
quite overlaps the Singapore series, v^^hile the lengths of hind feet also
intergrade.
The following are some hind foot measurements of specimens from
different islands :
Karimon ... 42,42.5,43,43,45
Average of 17 specimens, 42.5
*0 'v
Kundur ... 42, 42, 42, 43, 43.5 /
Batam . ... 41, 42, 42, 42.5, 43
Bintang ... 41.5, 42 J
45. MUS "RATTUS," Linn.
(?1340, 1341 (hum.), 1345, 1350, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1376, 1378, 1382, 1393,
1394,1398, 1401; ?J335, 1^46, 1.358, 1362, 1373, 1374, 1377, 1379,
1380, 1384, 1386, 1392, 1400. Pemcral, Kaninon Island, Illiio
Ai'chipelago.
c?1313, 1314, 1327; $1316, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1323, 1326. Merah Island,
near Karimon Island.
J 1416 ; ? 1413, 1422, 1424. Tanjong Balci, Karimon Island.
<?1587, 1588, 1590, 1591, 1592; $ 1562, 1567. Lckop, Karimon Island.
<?1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1622, 1659; $1608, 1609, 1610, 1655, 1660,
1661. Monos, Kainmon Island.
<?1676, 1703, 1704, 1727, 1731; ? 1696, 1698, 1700, 1705. Little Karimon
Island.
c?1430, 1463, 1465, 150S, 1513; $ 1431, 1432, 1447, 1453, 1464, 1467, 1487;
<? 1514, 1515, 1.530. Bliah, Kundur Island, Rhio Archipelago.
(?1535, 1538; ¥ 1537, 1539, 1541. Talang Island, Rhio Archipelago.
c?1162, 1181, 1186, 1191, 1239, 1242;- $ 1169, 1185, 1189, 1237, 1241. Tan-
jong Surat, S.-E. Johore.
S 826. Leman Point, E. Johore.
(? 838, 839, 841. Sibu Island, E. Johore.
? 1269. Si Karang, S.-E. Johore.
[With the exception of the series from Tan jong Surat and Si
Karang, S.-E. Johore, which can be picked out at a glance as belonging
to the form descriljed by Mr. Bonhote as Mus griseiv enter, these rats,
though broadly referable to the true " rattus " group, impressed us as
showing very great variation inter se. Those from Little Karimon are
certainly different on cursory inspection from any of the many
hundreds of the group from the Malay Peninsula and the vicinity that
have passed through our hands.— H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
123
U\. MUS UATTl S inilOMS.
Thos. and Wrought., I.e., p. 441 (lIH'lt).
c?727, 7;W, 755, 705, 77-i, 81G, 817; V G'JO, 71:?. 71 I, 7;U, 7;i8, 7W, 7i7, 818.
liintang Island, Rhio Archii)elaj,'o.
<? 907, 9i7, 987. Batam Island, Rhio Archipelago.
(?905. Saiih Island (between Bintanj,' and Batam Ihhuidh).
A form of mttus of the rnfescens type of colouring, but darker tliun
liny other form known from this Archipelago.
Fur fairly long (18-20 mm. long on back) with coni{)arativi'lv ft-w
scattered spines. Individual hairs of the back grey witli a one-third
tip of " buff ; " below white to their bases. The general colour ul>uve
and below separated by a not very distinct dividing line.
Dimensions of the Type (taken in the flesh) :
Head and body, 187 ; tail, 187 ; hind foot, 35 ; ear, 2u mm.
Skull : greatest length, it ; basilar length, 36 ; zygomatic i>ri-udtli.
20; braincase breadth, 16; diastema, 13; upper nmlar .series. «>.7 iniii.
Habitat. — Bintaug and Batam Islands, lihio Archipekigo (tyiH;
from Biutang Island).
Type — Adult male. B. M. No. 9, 4, 1, :32-2. Original iuiuiIht
739.
The long series quoted above includes animals «>f both sexes ami all
ages which are remarkably uniform in their general appeanmco.
[One of the most distinct of the " rattus " group that we have met
with in the region, on account of its dark colouration.— H. C. K. and
C. B. K.]
47. 5IUS KLOSSl, Bu.NU.
(? 2061 ; ? 2019, 2023. Cheras, Sclangor.
J 1208, 1210. Tuujong Penang, Sinif,'ei bebani, S.-K. Johurc.
(? 1265. Si Karang, S.-E. Johure.
c? 735, 756. Pasir Panjang, Bintang Island, Rhio AiTlii|>cluK«>.
These undoubtedly represent Bonliote's Muxhhixsi,* but tln'v agnv
so closely with Miller's description of Mio^ a^per from Tnmg in the
Nothern' Malay Peninsula that we think it prolxible tliat further
material will show the two forms to l>e iudistingui.shable.
[We are both familiar with the true J/w" klng^i, one of the origiiml
specimens from Pelepah,t Johore, being now in the S*'hiugur Muwuiu
collection. We had been inclined to refer the serie.s. li«t«Hl aU>ve an.l
numerous other specimens in our coUwtion. to Mu^ afj>er. Miller.
though we have never seen a specimen from the typi.-al hn-ality :
for though the lineal dimensions nearly agree, Mu^ klog^i in th.- flwb i«
verv less bulkv than these, and might almost 1« desiTibtHl as a mua«j
and not a rat.' The question is further complicat^il by the occurrenw
* r. Z. .S., 1906, i>. 0.
t Sjini. b'. of Mr. Ikmhotc's List,
124
iu the Peuiusula of a form with grey belly, apparently the species
described by Dr. Lyou as Mua niandus. These ratt?, which are no-
Avhere very abundant, are foxxnd among the foot-hills in dry rocky
country.— H. C. K. and C. B. K.]
48. MUS VILLOSUS, KLOSib.
An tea, vol. ii., p. 146.
^1347/08. Botauical Gardens, Singapore Island (Ou-typc).
(? 1135, 1138; $1137. CLaiigi, Siusapore Isknd.
c?1172; 9 1235. Tuiijoiig Siirat, S.-E. Jobore.
(J 1198. Beutan, Sangei Lebam, S.-E. Joiiojc.
(J 120-i, 1207. Taujong Peiiaug, Sungci LebaiiJ, S.-K. Jolipre.
J 1269. Si Karaug, S.-E. Johorc.
[This species is very distinct from any other known to us from the
Peuiusula or the islands round the coast. It is, however, certainly-
very close to Mus hidlatns, Lyon,* from Pulo Rupat, Pulo Padang and
the Kateman River in east and south-east Sumatra. Besides the locali-
ties quoted al)0ve, it also occurs in the vicinity of Kuala Lumpui-,
Selangor, but is nowhere very common. — H. C. R. and C. B. K.J
v.). MUS VALIDUsi, Mill.
^ 78 ; $ 116, 165. Maxwell's Hill, Perak, 3,600 feet.
[Widely distributed from S. Johcre to as far north as has been
explored, and from the hills at 4,000 feet to swamps at sea-level. A
rat of very unpleasant smell. — H. C. R. and C. B. K.J
50. MUS F1RMU8, Mill.
S 885 ; V 989. Taujong Tuvut, Balani Island, Kliio Arcliipelagn.
? 993. Sauh Island, Rliio Arcliipelago.
'^ 1347, 1364. Penieral, Kariiuon Island, Rliiu Arcbipulago.
i^ 1571, 1572. Monos, Karimon Island, Rhio Arcliipelago.
(J 1599, 1628; $1598, 1629, 1653. Monos.. Karimon It^land, Rhio Archi-
pelago.
(J1481, 1512 ; $ 1509, 1521. Bliah, Kuudur Island, Rhio Archipelago.
[The island representative of Mus validus and somewhat commoner
than that species. — H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
51. MUS FERREOCAXUS, Mill.
$ 67. Maxwell's Hill, Porak, 3,600 feet.
? 132, 141. Gunong Ijau, Perak, 4,700 feet.
[This fine and very distinct species is only known at present from
nine skins— the three original types from Trang and six specimens from
the above localities. Those we have trapped have been secured in
dense jungle among rocks. Its parti-coloured tail, white digits and pale
yellow fronts to the incisors, distinguish it at a glance from Mus
validus, the only other Peninsular species with which it ccutld possibly
be confused. Its nearest allv would appear to be Mus berdiHorii,
Blyth, from the Mergui Archipelago.— H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
* Proc. U. fiTy-di. Um., xxsiv., p. 646 (1908).
125
o2. MIS MRU i:i:, mim.
(?94, 110; ? 75, 140. Jliixwoir.s Hill, I'ciak. :{,(K)0 feet.
<J 134; V 1^5, 138. Gunong Ijau, P.nik, 4,7(H) tV-t.
^640, 612, 715. Cberas. Sciangor.
cJ 1253 ; o 120G. Si Karang, S.-E. Johorc.
(J 1029, 1046, 1070, 1071, 1148; ? 1073, 1083, IKC. HU. n;,.-,. ( ),„„i,i,
Singapore Island.
[Tliis species is quite the commonest of the spiny rats in tin*
Peniusula, aud iu the districts in wliich it occurs is a r1(H:'ided mii«anc<'
as it springs the traps before other aud more desirable hpecie.s liave
time to get cauglit. Even when cauglit, it is a most unsHtisfactnrv
animal as tlie skin is so papery and the pelage so har.sh that it in
almost impossible to make satisfactory Museum 8|>ecimen8 out of it.
It decomposes with unexampled rapidity aud .seems to Ix? more atta<-k-
ed by ants, when in the trap, than any other rat.
The form from Chaugi, Singapore, of which we securetl some 50 or
60, struck us, in the flesh, as being both smaller aud l)ri^'hter than
those from other localities, though in individual specimens the iliflfe-
rences are not very tangible. — H. C. R. and C. V>. K.]
5.J. 51 us LIXGEXSIS, AriLi.Ki:.
^007, 700, 715, 725; 698, 721. Tanjong Tombiik, Bintantf I»lan<>, Rhio
Archipelago.
J 778 ; ? 737. I'asir Panjang, Bintang Island, Rliio Arcliipclago.
{J 888, 890, 96t, 990, 991 ; ? 886, 889, 913, 916, 917. 9SI, 9^0. 992. Tanjor.ff
Tarut, Battim Island, Kliio Arfhipelagn.
^1448, 1489, 1190, 1500, 1502; ? U57, 1158, 14.59. 1491, M99, 151(1. niinl..
Kundur Island, Rhio Archipohigo.
<?lo64, 1570; ? 1566, 1569, 1585. Lokop, Karimon Island. Rbio 4rchi.
pplago.
^1596. 1618, lGi5, 1647, 1649, 1650; ? 1597, If.l7. 161'.«. I'-tS. Mono»,
Karimon Lsland, Khio Arcliijjclago.
c?1668, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1675. 1690. 1693, 1720. 1721. 1722; ? 1671. 1078.
1685, 1691, 16!K). Little Karimon Island. Hliio Archip.-lasro.
[This is the Rhio representative of Mu8 sunj'er, aud is oiiunlly
common. The Kundiu- specimens .seem mthcr larger than those fnmi
other islands, aud some of thos." from Littl.' Karimon. are d.i-ido'lly
greyer on the belly, but the diHereuceb are not very coustaut.— H. C K
and C. B. K.J
.-(. MIS BIKIT. BoMi.
<J 147 : ? 136. Maxw.«ir^ Hill. I'<'rnk. 3.0K) foof.
[This is the second known l.Kality for thix speoi.-s in the Miilny
Peninsula, the tvpescomin- from T.ukit Besar in tho Patnni Stat.-H; but
it is said to occur also in "Siam." It is .,uit.. disfin.l fn.m anv
other Peninsular rat. but evidently closely npproa.lu>5t .U«- > r '
which is found on Mt. :\rooleyit in Tentral T»na««.Tiin H i K'.
•mrl C. B. K.^
126
55. MUS PELLAX, Mill.
(J20G9. Chcras, Selangor.
$ T S. 50. Klang Gates, Selangor.
[Once one is familiar with tliis rat it is very readily distinguished
from 3It(s surifer, though at first sight it is very liable to be confounded
with worn and shabby specimens of that species.
It is somewhat smaller, and the upper surface is duller brown,
without any tawny element in the pelage. Usually, bixt not invariably,
there is a small white spot between the ears. The best diffei-ential
character, however, is in the skull in which the nasals are invariably
prolonged beyond the premaxillaries, which is never the case in
Miif^ surifer. The species is frequently associated with Mks mrifer,
but in some localities occurs alone. — H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
5C. MUS CREMORIVENTER, Mill.
$ 119, 170. Maxwell's Hill, Perak, 3,600 feet.
[This rat is widely distributed over the noi-thern parts of the
Peninsula, but has not yet been found south of Perak, and what
appears to be the same form is found on the islands of LangkaAvi and
Terutau on the west coast. — H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
57. MUS CONCOLOR, Bltth.
<? 160, 162 ; ? 155, 163. Maxwell's Hill, Perak, 3,600 feet.
S 167. Taiping, Perak.
,?1179, 1183. Tanjong Surat, S.-E. Joliore.
(J 1209, 1211, 1212. Tanjong Penang, Sungei Lebam, S.-E. Joliore.
(? 1217. Tanjong Boi, S.-E. Johore.
J1267, 1286. Si Karang, S.-E. Joliore.
? 847. Tinggi Island, East Coast of Joliore.
<? 726. Tanjong Tombak, Bintang Island, Rliio Archipelago.
<? 777. Pasir Panjang, Bintang Island, Rhio Archipelago.
(? 1000 ; ? 997. Sauh Island, Rhio Archipelago.
<? 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411. Balei, Karimon Island, Rhio Archipelago.
[So far as our experience goes, invariably associated with human
beings. Miller has separated the form occurring on Tioman Island as
Mus pullus, and several other allied forms have also been described
from various islands, all of which approach very closely this species
or its Sumatran representative Mus ephip'pmm, Jent. Comparison
with authentic specimens from Burmah is required before the group
can be dealt with adequately. — H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
5S. MUS VOCIFERANS, Mill.
S68, 80, 113 ; ? 63, 92, 96, 172. Maxwell's Hill, Perak, 3,600 feet.
(? 142 ; ? 124, 135, 146. Giinong Ijau, Perak, 4,700 feet.
'^ 42. Klang Gates, Selangor.
<? 1289, 1291 ; ? 1257. Si Karang, S.-E. Johore.
[Very common throughout the Peninsula, wherever collections
have been made, in hilly, jungly country from sea-level to over four
thousand feet. On certain of the higher hills its place appears to be
taken by Mhs riUalii.-^, B<>uh., whi.-li is wi.k-lv, thuii-li \.« v -jaringlv,
distributed.— H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
[When large series are examined, considorablo variuu..u ih fouu.l to
exist in the tail of this rat, which is In- no means iilways bii.olur, though
the hairs on it are always white. — H. C. R. and C JJ. K.
DSi. SUS or. Mill.
(J 720. Tanjong Tombak, Bintang Islaud, Khio Arcliipclaf^o.
[Very common on Bintang, Batam, Sauh and Kundur iHlaadH, but
apparently not on Karimon. Very destructive to pine-apple phiutu-
tions on Batam and Sauh, and according to the natives verv Ixdd.und
not easily scared away from the gardens. Unfoi-tuuately, we never met
with any of these courageous pigs, and as a result, the ctilleetion i>nlv
contains one specimen, which Avas shot grubbing alx)ut on the ni-f at
low tide.— H. C. R. and C. B. K.J
tiO. Sr.S RHIOXIS, Mill.
$ 1401. Pomcral, Karimon Island, Rhio Archipelago,
The teeth of this specimen agree closely allowing for sex with the
figure given by Mr. Miller of his type. Its parietal constriction, how-
ever, is 29 mm. across, a breadth considerably in excess of those record-
ed by Miller ; no doubt the discrepancy is partly individual and partly
due to immaturity.
[The " babi bakau," or Mangrove Pig, which includes both thin and
the succeeding species, is probably commoner than Sus oi in the Khio
Archipelago. It is a reef feeder, found on the sh"»iv in druves «>f ei^dit
or nine, and is also common in coconut and pine-apple plantations. —
H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
61. .SIS .VNDKIl.SONI.
Thos. and Wrought., Ann. Mag. N. H. (8), iii., p. Hi (,1:»U1>>.
?815. Siingei Biru, Biutang Island, Rhio Archii)cing...
? 880, 927. Tanjong Tnrut, Batam Island, Uhio ArchiiM.-iuj;o.
? 1349. remcral, Karimon Island, Kliio Arcliijiidago {m-c Ih-Iow).
A pig of the rittatus group characteriseil l)y the small size of itii
premolars.
Externally resembling Siis rJi ionics, Mill., but somewhat ntld.-r whoa
young, and greyer when adult, than that species.
Skull rather longer than in r/n'>nl>>; the m.>lar to-.th wri.-s niarke«l.
ly shorter, and all the premolars both short^T an.l uurruwtT than
in I'hionis.
Dimensions of the Type :
Head and body, 1116; tail, SIC ; hind foot (c. u.). 2:?6 ; oar. m mm.
Skull: upper* length, :U0 ; o.ndylo-Usal length. 270; pftUlAl
length, 185; width of palate inside /»'. :i<> ; width of p.il ' • ''-:»•.
59 ; least width of palate between alveoli of »i \ 27 ; . . •«•«•
118; least iuterorbital breadth, 51» ; pariHal cousin, ii-.u •
surface, 33; nasal breadth at posteri.T extremity -.f i-n-mix
length of nasals, 145 ; occipital depth to basiou, 1K>.
128
Teeth: incisors * {worn');'^ p"-, 10x4.3; p^, 11x8.3; li^,
10.3x12; upper molars, 57x17.3; p„, \\xb.2;p^, 12x6.3; p^,
12 X 9. Lower molars, 31 x 14.6 mm.
Habitat. — Islands of the Rhio Archipelago (type from Batam).
Type.— Adult female. B. M. No. 9,4,1, 511. Original number
927. Collected 15th July, 1908.
Four specimens examined.
The pigs from the islands of Batam and Bintang prove to
belong to a species conspicuously different in the size of their teeth
from 8. rJiioms, all the teeth being markedly smaller, the difference
being especially noticeable in the second upper incisor and the premo-
lars, as Avill be seen by measurements given above. With regard to
No. 1349, labelled as from Karimon, wlienc-e Mr. Miller records
Sus rhionis, we can only say that it agrees in every respect with
S. andersoni but whether both species realW occur on that island, or
the specimen has been wrongly labelled, we ai-e at present unable
to say.
We have named this distinct Wild Boar in honour of Sir John
Anderson, g.c.m.g.. Governor of the Straits Settlements, and High
Commissioner for the Federated Malay States, who has actively sympa-
thised with the objects of the expedition.
[We are absolutely certain that three, and three only of the
rhionis type of pig were collected on Batam and Bintang, and Mr.
Seimund is equally positive that the two pigs labelled as collected in
Karimon came from that island and no other. — H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
02. TRAGULUS KANCIIIL RUBEU.S. Mill.
? 730, 731, 744. Pasir Panjang, Bintang Island, Rliio Archipelago.
[Nowhere on the islands are mouse deer of the " kanchil " group
so common as the larger species or " napu," though oiu- collections from
the mainland are richer in the former. This group is also much less
liable to variation. — H. C. R. and C. B. K.]
63. TRAGULUS KAXCHIL FULVIVENTER, Gray.
3 1031 ; ¥ 1121. Changi, Singapore Island.
Com-parison with the type shows that these are undoubtedly
G-ray's species. Whether Miller's ravus is also identical, or whether it
is a northern local race, we are not at present in a position to decide.
Topotypes of T. ravus, Miller, from Trang are now available, so that
this question will be shortly decided.
m, TRAGULITS STANLEYANUS PERFLAVUS, Mill.
^902, 944, 9.59, 978, 979, 980, 981 ; ? 932, 933, 915, 9.52, 9.53, 958. 960, 982.
Batani island, Rliio irchipcl 'go.
Though unfortunately the exact tyjie locality of T. stanleyco^vs.
Gray, is unknown, the present series is so closely like that species in all
* 11.3 mm. in an un^vorn specimen; 15.5 in an equally nnwoi'u specimen of
12t>
but size, that we coiiskKr ourselves justified in mnkiiij,' injlavx* uh a
loeal race of the ukler estal)lishe(| speiies. Th»' pn-M-nt' M-ri.-t, an-
topotypes of Miller's T. ^perjiavnx.
[Exceedingly common on the island, lii.- (.ff.r ..I" .'() irnls upiiii.
producing;- large numbers from tlit- local Mala vs. \\. C. K. un.l
C. B. K.J
t;.j. TKAfUU.S S'l.VM.KVAM s IdUMOSlS. Mii.i..
^729,823; $820,822. Biiit:iii<? Inliui.l, Itl.io .VicImihImkc..
Topotypes of T.formosvx, Mill.
Though extreme specimens dilfcr widt-ly. tlio.se le«H well niiirlfl
in this form and T. stanleyanns perjiurns approach sufliciciitly dotM*
to justify this Bintang animal, being also placed as a I>'cal r '• '
staideynnun.
lid. TR.VGULl S M<iK()( l.NCri S, Mm.
(J 1171, U7i», 1480, 149-i: 9 1 H;^ 1.-2:!. Uliali, KniHlur I
Archipelauo.
(J16t)3; ? 1G37. Monos, Kariinoii I^liiml, IMiic .\i(!n|Hl;.;.'u.
The specimens from Kundur are topofyjio.
67. MlM'IAdS MO.SCII.VTrs, I!iun\.
(?753; $779. Bintang Island, lihio ArcliiiH'lami.
NOTES ON BIRDS NEW TO, Oh' KAIM: IN. IHi:
MALAY PENINSULA.
Hv HERBERT C. IJOIUXSON, c.m.z.s., .m.h.o.c.
OINCE the publication of my " Hand-list of the Birds t>f the Malay
•^ Peninsula, South of the Isthmus of Kra," * and a further
paper on "The Birds at present knc.wn from the Mountains of
the Malay Peninsula,"! a considerable number of nire and inten-M-
ing specimens have come to hand, concerning whicli it \m\)
interest to give some details :
foi.l .Mi:.\ I'l M''I:a.
Columba punicea (Blyth) ; Solnnlnri, i\<l. Un-.h Uvil \tv*.
xxi., p. 307 (1893).
Alsocomus puuiceus. Uum<\ Sinn, F,„Unr^, viii.. p. l.'>7 (1H79)
A single female specimen was shot on the ground by one of tbo
Museum collectors in the island of Terutau on the «eHt c.a..t of tl,o
Peninsula, some 80 miles north of Penang. early u. Man-h. l.Hn
Hitheito the species does not apin.ar to have Ihx>u ro<-ordM M.ulb of
the island of T(mka {Ihnu.>. he. rit.) or. a. it in var.onnh c-«IU>l.
Selan-a or Junk Zevlon. The present .KvurnMuv ih th.-n-fon- »n
extension in range for the spe<-ie8 of nearlya humlml in.hi..
• Jou7n. Fod. Mai. Stato.-f Mu- , ii.. I'P W^ (IWll
t Tom. cit., rr- 1«-» — Oi«').
J>er., I9(>9.
130
COLLMBA GRISEA.
Coliiuiba grisea, Gr. R. Gr. ; Salvadori, torn, cit., p. 248, pi. vii.
Columba phasnia, Richmond, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xxvi., p. 490
(1903).
1 liad previously recorded this species as an iiiliabitant of the
Malay Peninsula with some doubt.
In August, 1908, however, Mr. Seimund shot a pair on the island
of Karimou, in the Rhio Archipelago, within sight of Singapore,
so that the bird may fairly be retained in the Peninsular list.
The species seems to be widely spread on small islands from the
coast of Sarawak to the chain of islands off the north-west coast of
Sumatra, but is of doubtful occurrence on large land masses.
PORZAXA AURICULARIS.
Porzana auricularis, Rchnw., Jonrn. filr Orn., 1898, p. 139; Sharpe,
Hand-list Birds, i., p. 102 (1899).
Porzana pusilla, Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mas., xxiii., p. 106 (1894).
Two specimens were secured on marshy ground, among long grass
at Ampang, near Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, in March, 1908.
PSEUDOGLOTTIS GUTTIFER.
Pseudoglottis guttifer (Nordni.) ; Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mas.,
xxiv., p. 479 (1896) ; Bohinson, Jonrn. Fed. Mai. States Mas., ii., p. 69,
l^o. 86 (1907).
I have previously (loc. cit.) recorded two specimens of this rare
Limicoline bird from the mouth of the Kedah River, and on the 26th
February, 1909, we obtained three more specimens on mud flats at the
mouth of Kurau River in the Krian District of North Perak, 60 or
70 miles south of Kuala Kedah. On the Peninsular coast, therefoi'e,
the species is evidently by no means rare during the Avinter months,
and its scarcity in collections is very possibly due to the strong
superficial resemblance it bears to the common Greenshank.
GALLIXAGO MEGA LA.
Gallinago megala, Swinh. ; Bharpe, op. cit., p. 624.
Aai undoubted specimen of this species was shot by Mr. R. Charter
at Ampang, near Kuala Linn pur, on the 12tli December, 1909, and
kindly presented by him to the Selangor Museum.
It has not previously been met with in the Malay Peninsula,
though its occui-rence was to be expected, in view of the fact that it is
numerous in Labuan and North Borneo, during the winter mouths.
DISSOURA EPISCOPUS.
Dissoura episcopus (Bodd.); Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxvi.,
p. 295 (1898).
Common on the island of Langkawi in February, 1909, and also in
the Siamese West Coast State of Trang, about 130 miles north of
Penang, in December of the same vear.
MiniODI.VS \l.U.\.
Herodias alba (Liuu.) ; Shurpe, oji. rit., p. 'j(»
The Large White Egret does not ai.p.-jir t.. l,av.' Im-^mi pr».riou.l_r
recorded from the Malay P.'iiinHiilu. A luulo wum Hliot uu th.. Hth
March. 1909, at Suugei Pulai ou llie coast .if S«'laiiu".r. \Vin»;. 15
inches ; tarsus, 6.6 inches ; culmen, i.l iuchoH. The colour of tin* Urat
and bill incline me to the belief that tlie sperim.-n ulionl.l !*• nffrr^i
to H. alba, of which it is an unusiiiiUy sniiill .•x;iiiipl.\ ratluT llun to
H. timoriensis, with which tlic iliiiit-nsions ugni" liftt«T. Th«" Uii«t
form lias been recorded from North Boiih-o, but n<>t froiu Suuuitni
or the Malay Peninsula.
.ARDKOLA JJACClll.S.
Ardeola bacchus (Bp.) ; Sharpe. op. rit., p. -J 1 1
A male in full breeding plumage wjik kIioI on PuIhu r<nn(;kHwi m
March, 1909. The species has not hitlnTio U-.-u rix'ordtHl fiirtiivr
south in the Peninsula than Tougka.
ARDKOLA (iH\M.
Ardeola grayi (Sykes) ; Sharpc, o}>. rit.. p. 2' "7.
Mr. R. Charter obtained a female in winter j.luin.igf at Kl.iu^; «.n
the 26th December, 1909, and pie.sentt'il it to tli<' 8«'liini,'or Mu»i»'uin
Though pond herons of this genus are fairly abimduDt in th*
north of the Peninsula, in the winter months, they un> hardly kuowu
south of Penaug, and I very much doubt the corro<>t n»*sM of thi* I'^-Jililr
"Malacca" ascribed to Cantor's specimen now in flu- Ilriiihh .Mufwiui.
except as meaning the Malay Peninsula in the widest »«-uimv M<.»i uf
Cantoi-'s specimens came from the isl.ind of P«'naug. Provin)-** \Vi>II««i».
lev, or the States to the nortliwanl,
AKI»i:Tr\ IMI.rMKV
Ardetta puhhra, Hiiine, Straij FraUifix, i.. p :it>8 (I«7Ht.
Ardetta sinensis (/«(Wj;h). N/"/r/»', "/*. rit.. pp. 227. 22!'
After examinini; a consideiablc nundn'r of in<li\!
Malay Peninsula hitherto refern-d to A. *iiit,n>if, I 1.. ^
conclusion that there an- two pr f.-efly dintin«t form» prv»-ul— <••
which is migratorv an^l only m.'t with in the winter inoniha hnntf
Ardetta ><inrnslx (Gm.). and a .«< >d form .•hanu-l.TiMsl |.v iiiiu-h
richer colouring with a bright ch.'Htnut pit.-h at the «i
wing. This is not improbably re-nid'-nt thnnighout th-
three specimens in tlx- Selangor MuHeiini bavins httm oUaia*!
in the months of April. Jnii.- and DivmiUT. whil.- iIi-hm' of A nmemti$
are dated January. Maivh. ().tol«.r and I>.-.vmNr Thi. u iW
A. pidchra of Hum.-, t.riginally di'scriU'd fn.ni th.- A-
Dr. Sharpe (lor. cit.) takes note of th.- jH.int but.
variati.ni due to climatir iuHuenees. sinkH the oaino a« » p"
of the .dder name. It may. how.'V.-r. In» n^i»iu.v| «rii|, ».U.,„t ...• ,.
po.ssibly in-li.atim,' a resid'iit tfopi.al ni.f.
1
">0
BOTAURUS STELLAllIS.
Botaui'us stellaris (Linn.) ; Sharpe, op. cit., p. 253.
A specimen of the Common Bittern obtained near Malacca on
the 3rd Mai-ch, 1909, bj Mr. F. Day and presented to the Selangor
State Museum, by the Raffles Museum, Singapore, is the second
on record for the Malay Peninsula, the first having been shot on
Perseverance Estate, Singapore, in the autumn of 1908.
ASARCORNIS LEUCOPTERA.
Sai'cidiornis leucopterus, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soe. Bengal, xviii.,
p. 820(1849).
Asarcornis scvitulata, Salvad. {nee Midi.), Gat. Birds Brit. Mm.,
xxvii., p. 60 (1895) ; Bonhote, P. Z. 8., 1901 (i), p. 80 (Paiehmg).
This fine duck, one of the rarest of the Anatidse, has hitherto been
known from very few specimens, including two only from the Malay
Peninsula, an old and deteriorated mounted specimen from the
vicinity of Ipoh in the Kinta District of Perak, in the Selangor Museum,
and the second, recorded above, obtained by the " Skeat Expedition "
in Patelung and now in the Cambridge University Museum.
Annandale, who passed through Trang in May, 1902, records it as
common in that State, thovigh he did not obtain specimens.
In December, 1909, Mr. Kloss and myself obtained two specimens,
male and female, at Chong, in Trang, at the foot of the dividing range.
They came to feed in the rice fields at dusk and roosted in patclies
of jungle at the edge of the cultivated land. When disturbed, their
flight was sustained and powerful, though not particularly rapid.
They fed on large fresh water snails of the genus Aiiipullaiia, and
their crops and gullets were crammed witli these and with one or
two fresh water jniissels.
Davison is recorded by Hume [Stray Feathers, viii., p. 158 (1879) ]
as having met the species in the forests of Kussoom aliout a 150
miles north of Trang. but failed to secure specimens.
CIRlM S MELANOLEUOrs.
Circus melanoleucus. Blyth ; Sharpe. Cot. Birds Brit. Mas., i., p. 61
(1874).
Until recently this handsome species was represented in the
Museums of the Federated Malay States by a single shabby mounted
specimen without particulars, Mr. Seimund, however, obtained a
very perfect adult male in open country near Kuala Lumpur on the
27th March, 1909, and states that the bird is not uncommon during
the winter months, but is exceedingly wild and hard to approach. Two
other species of Harrier, C. a^ruginosus and C. spilonotus, occur with it,
the former being by far the most abundant of the three.
An adult female was obtained also near Kuala Lumpvu- on the 13th
Janunrv, 1910.
133
si'iz.ETis ni:pai.i:xsis.
Spizsetus uepaleusis (Hodj^s.); Slturpc, totn. ri(., [>. 2«»7.
A 3^oixng male was obtaiued by the Muttcum coll.MriorH at Simm;i
TJdaug, Pulau Torutau, north of Penant,'. on ilio lOtli Man-li, VMfJ.
This fine Forest Eagle has not hithi-do Imimi r»vonli?tl fn»ra
the Malay Peninsula, nor, according to Blanfor<l (Fann. IJrit. I ml.
Birds, iii., p. 352, 1895), does it occur in Biiniuih.
The under surface is an almost uniform Naluiou buff as in aliMi tlus
head. The tail is whitish at the base with a very narrow wliitu
tip and six broad dark bars. Crest 3! inches long, dark brown wi*'. •.
buff base and a narrow -white tip. The t'catlicrin;^' of ili.- l<'t».t i-xi. : ,
well on to the terminal phalanx of the middle tot*.
Dimensions. — Wing, 16.4 inches; tail, 12 iuclu- , ;..,^.^. 11
inches. Bill from gape, 1.9 inches ; oulmeu (from corf), 1.2.'i uu-ln-w.
IIAZA .JKKIIOM.
Baza jerdoni (Blyth); Jnuni. A>iial. S->r. li,n.j., xi.. p. W>\ (1»42);
Blanford, Faun. Brit. hid. Birds, iii., p. til (1H1I5).
Baza suniatrensis, Sharpe, op. elf., p. 3.')7. pi. \i . li-r i // ' ••
Strai/ Feathers, iii., p. 313; Hume and Barisun, op. .it., vi.. ]• -'
Huiiie, op. cit., vii.. p. 198, Note; Gnrnoy, op. cit., viii.. p. -W-i.
There are three specimens of this Cuckoo-Falcon in th." S.-laujfi.r
Museum— an adult, sex not determined, from Larut. P.T.ik. mount.-l
and in poor condition; an adult mah- fronj Sun:^.'! Kibm. TmUu
Langkawi, north of Penang, shot on the 22ud F.-bruary. 1'.h.'.»: and
an immature female, dated the 23rd Fcbruarv. l"..-. r.-,., , fl... ..n...-
locality.
Adult Male.— Top of tlu- head bhu-kish l.ro«n. "i-h -
and loral region grev, feathers of the nape broadly t'dg^sl ^.
brown, mantle back' and rump blackish brown. Tail litfhtor bn.wu
whitish at the base, with four bars of blackish, the tormmal nm- uukI,
the broadest, narrowly tipped with white; tail iK-nmth l^rn^l Ma.k
and white, the white bars mu.]> the broadest. Throat an-l n,
dull rufous edged with white, the feathei-s in .sonu- «u«.« • ^
centres and shaft stripes. A l>lackish ehiu sir.,.;. Bn*-t. « UUm„,. .
flanks and under tail coverts barrel with rufous bn.wn and wh. o. h.
white bars the narrower; the dark bars n.ueh mon- bla.k,-h on the
flanks and more rufous ,m the thighs and under tad o.x. ^■
laries similar, under wing coverts and angle ..f the 7»»^' ^ '
barred, tipped au<l edged with wlute. ^^ '"K' f.-« -- l--*"-
secondaries and teitials) inconspieuously Kirn.< «.t h U<
dull brown externally, .narkcdly barn.l -•"' '' 'f/"''i^'^;^,^l^ ,...,,'
like the tail, on their internal aspect. Crest bWk. n.m..l, U|'l
with white. ... . >.... 1 il
inche.; bill from gape, l.:;r in.l.o, ; l-H fro", -r- '" •'""«'-" "-■
.97 inches; crest, 2.3 inches.
F.W.S. GOVERNMEXT PKESS.
ON MAMMALS AND JB1KD8 FKOM TKKMKiAN L'.
Bv C. BODEN KLUSS, k.z.s., m.h.o.i .
^I^RENGGANU is a district of the Malay IVninsula that liax mviv.-«J
very little atteutiou from zoolo>,'ists. In ScptcmlHT and OtoU-r,
1900, I visited it witli Dr. W. L. Ahhott in his ya<-lit " Terrapin. " an'l
we spent a month working various places on lli a^t Ix-twii-n thi-
Trengganu and Kemaman Rivers. In SeptemlM-i-. llMi', 1 \v«'nt tlu-n-
again, accompanied l»y the Museum Dyak collectors.
The results of both visits were a little disappointing. Owing tu tin-
nature of the soil and the great amount of clearing that iiax taken
place in remote times along the coast, we coidd not reavh any g«xMl
collecting spots from oiu* schooner on the first occasion ; later, on niv
i-etvuTi from the exploration of the Redang and Perlientian Lslandn.
I was pressed for time and, as the month was the month t>f fasting
(biilan puasa), the natives not luircasoualily refiised to engage m
carriers or boatmen to the inland distiicts. Thanks, however, to the
assistance of the British Agent, Mr. W. D. Scott, who lent in* hJM
motor- boat, we were enabled to proceed seven or eight miles up tlie
Sungei Nerus which enters the north Itank of the Trengganu Kiver. a
mile above the town of that name, and a camp was made near Hukit
Jong, a small hill 700 or 800 feet in height, on whi.h ^till n-n.ain.
a small amount of virgin jungle. A week was passed in this loality.
not a good one for our piu-pose, but the Ijest available und.-r tl..-
circiunstauces.
An excursion bv canoe was also ma*K' to I'ulau Kapas. an ihlau-l
which lies 11 miles south from Trengganu and a mile from nhow. in the
hope that species of small mammals miglit W f-.und theivon. The tnp
was almost without result; two or thr •onunon birds an-l a fonn of
Mus ratttis alone l)eing met with : and \hr latter was .tat^^l to N- the
only mannnal inha1>iting the island.
As no report on the visit of the "Terrapin - has N-on publinh,.!. I
now combine in one list the species then obtaimsl and tho«e of n.v
more recent colleetions : of the first collection, the nm.nnmlH an- rou,
mv notes ; for the birds I am indebted to Dr. C W. Kichmond. of tlw-
United States National Muscmn ; and Ix^th are ind.cut.Hl by the.r
localities, which at this date I can only give as - Coast ..f 1 n-ngv-^uni .
though our principal collecting grounds weiv 1 r..ugjpin'« lo»...
Taujong Dungun, Pakeh River. Tanjonu' I^.l-Lu 'i'^l Ku«l« Keuu...u»«.
The onlv other visit of which 1 am awa.v is tlmt ,«.d bv M.^r-
Evans and Laidlaw, of the " Skeat " Ex^ition ni atoU-T. 1 - ■
mammals appear to have l)eeu collected by lK,th the«o ^'^^^-^
birds by the latb r. Mr. I. I. Bonhotc .n lus .x-l^rt. 00 IbeiT
Feb.. mt.
136
specimens * records from " Treuggauu," under the name of Sciurns
caniceps, G-ray, two examples of a common squirrel which should stand
as S. concolor, Blyth. The following birds were obtained, presumably
all from Trengganu Town ; of them only Nos. 2, 3, 8, 10 and 11 were
not met with by me :
1. Turtur tigrinus (Temm.).
2. Charadrius domenicus (P.L.
S. Midi.).
3. j^gialitis alexindi-ina (Linn.).
4. Ehyacophilusglareola (Gm.).
5. Haliaetus leucogaster (Gm.).
6. Polioaetus i c h t h y a e t u s
(Horsf.).
7. Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn.).
8. Cacomantis merulinus (Scop.) .
9. Zantholaemahaematocephala
(P. L. S. Miill.).
10. Pitta cyanoptera, Temm.
11. Pitta cucullata, Hartl.
12. Ehipidura javanica,
Sparrm.
13. Pycnonotus analis (Horsf.).
14. Calornis chalybea (Horsf.).
15. ^thiospar fuscus (Wagl.).
16. Anthus rufulus, Vieill.
MAMMALS.
1. HYLOBATES LAR (Likn.).
Coast of Trengganu.
2. PRESBYTIS OBSCURA, suhsit.
Bukit Jong. 3 c?.
These animals are members of a race of P. ohscura which occurs
also in the Perhentian Islands, and of which a description will shortly
appear.
3. NYCTICEBTJS MALAYANUS (Andeeson).
Coast of Trengganu.
4. MUSTELA FLAVIGULA PENINSULARIS, Boxn.
Bukit Jong. 1 ? .
5. CYNOPTERUS BRACHYOTIS ANC4ULATUS, Miller.
Coast of Trengganu.
6. RHINOLOPHUS, sjh
Coast of Trengganu.
7. TUPAIA FERRUGINEA, Rafples.
Bukit Jong. 1 <? ; 1 ? .
Coast of Trengganu (Tanjong Dungun, 1 ^ , 1 ? , in Selangor Museum).
These are typical ferruginea. I have compared them with topo-
types from Singapore and can detect no difference whatever.
8. RATUFA MELANOPEPLA, Miller.
Coast of Trengganu.
9. SCIURUS CONCOLOR, Bltth.
Bukit Jong. 15 <? ; 9 ? ,
Coast of Trengganu.
I have compared this large series with another large series of topo-
types from Nyalas, Malacca, obtained less than a month later. Series
* Troceedings of the Zoological Society, 1900, p. 877; 1901, vol. 1, p. 57
et seci.
1:37
for series the Trenggaini animals are a trill,. ,\u\\er~{.e., the top an.l
sides of liead are -reyer, the rin- round th,- eye is paler, and the oran«,..
tawuy suffusion of back and tail is less intense.
10. SCIURUS (VlTTATl S) MINIATIS Mii.i.ki!.
Bukit Jong. 12,? ; 12?.
Coast of Treugganu.
Atypical series, indistinguisliahle from Tran- (t\|M. l.,..i!it\ .,..|
East Coast animals.
11. SCIURUS (NIGllOVITT.VTUS) l!l M MITATI .S, M11.1.EII.
Coast of Trengganu. 2 specimens.
One of these, a female from Taujoug Lalnjlia, is tlie tyj--. Tim
race extends across the Peninsula to Upper Pei-.ik and g<x«.«; n'ortlmanl
13. SCIURUS TKXUl.s, Ilonsr.
Bukit Jong. 7 J ; 3 ? .
Coast of Trengganu.
I have carefully compared the Bukit Jong .series witli ;i vric-. ..1
topotypes from Singapore. None of that dulness of jR-Iage, wlii.-h
8. tenuis exhibits towards the northern e.xtreme of itH nmge. in
traceable. On the contrary, the Trengganu series is more ochraceouH
than the Singapore collection, especially as regards the under Hurfiuv «if
the body ; the Tinder parts of three males in j)articular IxMni; unmHt<-ii-
ed for depth and spread of that colour, while tlie alwlomenH nf tin*
remainder are decidedly more buffy, but the skulls and t<vth do not
differ appreciably.
Sciurus tenuis sunlus, Miller,* was described from Tniug exunipleM,
but, owing to the fact that until lately we had seen no toj>oty|H'.s, »liil.»
the authorities of the United States National Musi'um hud wnl
us specimens from Johore imder that name, thus, apparently rentrictiinj
the typical tenuis to Singapore Island, we had Inn-n unal»lt« to nynrd
the race as valid. t We have recently. howeviT. obtained a M-rien of
topotypes, and I am now prepared to accejit Miller's nu-o a.** di.>t:; t
It is confined, however, to the more northern parts of the l'euiu> .:,i.
though of course connected with Sciuruji tmuia typieut hjr nmnr
intennediate animals, Imt, however indelinite many of tlies,- litt.-r m.i;.
be, by no means all individuals from tiie mainland niuht l«' pi I
\mder Miller's sub-species as I have shown alwve.
i;i. MUS VOCIFEK.^.NS. Miller.
Coast of Trengganu.
14. MIS .slKlKDU, .MIU.KB.
Bukit Jong. 2 J ; 1 ? .
Coast of Trengganu.
* Proceedings of tlio Washington .Vca.l. mv ..i Sdcnww, ToL II, |k B,J9iy
25, 1900.
t Vide Jouraal of the F.M.8. MusoumH. vol IV. No. I. p. 117. D«*»bcr. I«P.
138
15. MUS CREMORIVEXTER, Miller.
Cop^st of Trenggauu (Taujoug Duugun ).
!(!. Mrs RATTUS JALORENSIS, Boxh.
Bukit Jong. 2(? ; 2?.
17. MUS COXCOLOE, Blvth.
Bukit Jong. 2<? ; 4?.
18. Ml-S DECUMAM;.S, Pallas.
Trenggauu Town.
The mangled bodies of the Norway Eat were frequently to be seen
in the streets in the early morning. A considerable trade between
Trenggauu and Singapore has long been carried on by native sailing
vessels and has afforded a means for the introduction of this wide-
spreading animal.
19. TRAGULUS CANESCENS, Miller.
Bukit Jong. 1 ? .
Coast of Trenggauu.
Hind foot of Bukit Jong example, 134 nmi.
BIEDS.
1. EXCALFACTORIA CHINENSIS (Li.xx.).
Coast of Trenggauu.
These little Quails are fairly common along the coast, where there
is much open grass land.
2. PAVO MUTICUS, Lixx.
Bukit Jong.
Coast of Trenggauu.
Peafowl are numerous in Trenggauu: they are to be met with
along the rivers and in open spaces near forests.
3. OSMOTRERON VERNANS (LiNX.).
Coast of Trenggauu.
4. TURTUR TIGRIJiUS (Temm.).
Bukit Jong.
5. GEOPELIA STRIATA (Li.VA.j.
Coast of Trenggauu.
Both this and the last species are commonly seeu feeding in the
open grass lands, and in the rice-field after the crop is harvested.
(•>. RHYACOPHORUS GLAREOLA (Gm.).
Bukit Jong.
The Wood-Sandpiper inhabits inland districts and is rarely seen
near the sea.
7. GARZETTA GARZETTA (Li.vx.).
Coast of Trenggauu.
8. SPILORXIS PALLIDUS (AValpe.v).
Bukit JoDii'.
130
!'. HAM \1;T1 S I.IMUm; \sT|:it ,i:„ ,
Coast of Trenggauu.
10. HALIASTIR IXTKUMKDirs. <;iRVKr.
Coast of Treugganii.
n. MK IfOFlIKKAX lUI.NCIl.l.Mill > ihiiAl-...
Biikit Jong.
VI. KrUVSToMIS OUIKNI'AI.IS i|,in\.i.
Coast of Tronggauu.
i;J. PELARfiOI'SIS MALVrcKNSIs. Sihkpk.
Coast of Trenggauu.
Though iiihaluting ostviarios it is also citiiiiiinii in inl.niil <li«trict».
14. AUKI>f) HI:N(: AI.KNSIS. (,m.
Coast of Trengganu.
1.5. DICHEROS RKORNIS (I.inx.).
Bukit Jong.
The DouT)lo-easqued Hornbill is a liird that is not froi|UiMitly -ijvn
in the Peninsula.
111. CAPRI.AIULGIS AMISKU I s. HaKTKKT.
Bukit Jong.
17. MACROPTERYX LOXOIPF.NXis (Rafix.).
Coast of Trengganu.
The Long-winged Swift frequents the Casuarinas along tlio \)onrh.
18. PYROTROGOX XEGLECTUS. Forhes \ Rmiixsox.
Coast of Trengganu.
U). RHOPODYTES SUMATRAXl's (Raiufsi.
Coast of Trengganu.
■211. RHIXORTHA ( M I.oRdl'll I.A (UvFiLEs).
Bukit Jong.
Coast of Trengganu.
21. UROCOCCYX 1:KYT1IU0(,XATHI s .lliKTi.i.
Bukit Jong.
Coast of Trengganu.
22. CH(»T(ii;iii:\ \nxr\« '»i'H \XKs .tim\< .
Coast of Trengganu.
23. THKKKh 1:UY\ I.IM:\TA (ViKiti '.
Coast of Trengganu. .
The Brown-headed Barhot was ..Kt.un.-d in Ho.ne i.uuil^'n. dunntf
the first visit in 1900. hut was not n..t with ktor. Smth of Tn-nw-
ganu and Kr.hili it is ulniost unknown : a s.uk'I.- uidividu . - -.'> -' 'T'
from Central Paliang.
no
2i. MESOBUCCO CYANOTIS (Bltth).
Bukit Jong.
These Barlxsts are decidedly of the blue-eared northern type : the
two forms must widely overlap each other on the East Coast, for Grant
(Fasciculi Malayenses Zoology, Report on the Birds, p. 102) records
black-eared individiials from Nawngchik in Patani.
25. ZANTHOLAEMA HAEMATOCEPHALA (Mull.).
Bukit Jong.
The Coppersmith was common round Bukit Jong, and was the
only species of Barbet met with except the preceding.
26. GECINUS OBSERVANDUS, Hartert.
Coast of Treugganu.
Individuals of several species of Woodpecker are very numerous
along the coast, where they are freely observed flying from tree to tree
in the open country.
27. lYNGIPICUS CANICAPILLUS, Bltth.
Coast of Trengganu.
28. MIGLYPTES GRAMMITHORAX (Mahl.).
Bukit Jong.
Coast of Trengganu.
2'9. MIGLYPTES TUKKI (Less.).
Coast of Trengganu.
.30. TIGA JAVANENSIS (Ljung).
Bukit Jong.
Coast of Trengganu.
3L CORY'DON SUMATRANUS (Raffles).
Bukit Jong.
Met with in the tops of high jungle trees.
32. CYMBORHYNCHUS MALACCENSIS, Salvad.
The beautiful Blue-billed Gaper occurs in numbers near Bukit
Jong, where its habit of perching and flitting along the banks of the
river renders it conspicuous.
."53. XANTHOPYGIA XANTHOPYGIA (Hat).
Bukit Jong.
This example and another obtained in Central Pahang a fortnight
later are young males in immature pkimage, which have evidently just
arrived from the north. It is not conunon in this latitude : the only
other specimens known to me are a pair from near Kuala Lumpur and
a female shot eleven years ago on the Anambas Islands.
31. HIRUNDO JAVANICA, Sparr.
Coast of Trengganu.
in
30, MUSCITREA CINKUKA, Hi.tiii.
Pulau Kapas.
The Asliy Flycatclier is rare in iuhmd distrirtfl, hnt is ofton met
with near the sea : in certain localities it appears to particularly delight
in mangroves.
36. HYPOTHYMIS AZURKA (Bom..).
Coast of Trcnggauu.
Only found in deep jungle, where it frefpu'iits the lower l)niii(l..-H,
and is very fearless.
37. RHIPIDURA JAVANU'A (SpAiiriM.).
Coast of Trengganu.
This Fantail Flycatcher is a bird of low scnih ;ind i.|.cii c .iimtn
38. TERPSIPHONK AFI'INIS llJi.vTii).
Coast of Trenggann.
39. (?) PERICROCOTUS ILAM.Ml li:i!, Himk.
Coast of Trengganu.
This should probably be P. {(jneus, Blyth, as P. Jhnnmi/er is. in
the southern parts of the Peninsula, of sub-nioutaue luiliitut,
40. iEGITHINA TIPHIA (Li5X.),
Bukit Jong.
41. CHLOROPSIS CHLOROCEPHALA (Wai.i>.).
Coast of Trengganu.
If Dr. Eichmond's identification is corrcct, tliis forms ft record for
the southern extension of this species; I, myself, am only cortain of
having obtained C. chJorocej^hala in Trang, a limidred and fifty wilw«
to the north.
42. IRENA PIELLA (Utii.).
Coast of Trengganu.
The northern species grades into the southern C. cynuea in iLu
latitude, and I think birds from Trengganu may U- rvfemnl with
e(|ual correctness to either.
1.3. EUPTILOSUS EIPTILOSIS. Jaki-. * SEl.in.
Coast of Trengganu.
A widely distributed but nowhorc common liull.ul.
41. ALOPIIOIXl'S PUAEOtEl'lIAIAS (IIaBTI.i.
Coast of Trengganu.
K. TRACHYCOMIS OCHROCEPH AH'S (<;««•.
Bukit Jong.
Coast of Trengganu.
W. PYtNONOTlS AN VMS (HoMr.
Coast of Tren<:i,'an>i.
142
47. PYCNONOTUS PLUMOSl'S, BiAxn.
Bukit Jong.
Coast of Trenggaiiii.
48. PELLORNEUM SUBOCHRACEUM, SwiNn.
Bukit Jong.
49. TURDINUS OLIVACETTS (Strickl.).
Coast of Trenggami.
50. TURDINrS MAC4NIR0STRIS, MooUE.
Coast of Trenggami.
51. SETARIA MAGNA (Ettox),
Coast of Trenggami.
52. SETARIA C'TXEREA (Eytos).
Coast of Trengganu.
53. CYANODERIMA ERYTHROPTERUM (Blyth).
Coast of Trengganu.
54. MACRONUS PTILOSUS, Jaep. & Selbt.
Coast of Trengganu.
55. MIXORNIS GirLARIS (Raffles).
Coast of Trengganu.
50. COPSYCHrs MUSICHrS (Raffles).
Coast of Trengganu.
57. CITTOCINCLA MACRURA (Gsi.),
Bukit Jong.
58. BURNESIA FLAVIVENTRIS (Deless.).
Coast of Trengganu.
59. HEMIPUS OBSCITRUS (HOESF.).
Coast of Trengganu.
60. PLATYLOPHITS ARDESIACL'S, Cab.
Coast of Trengganu.
61. LANirS TIGRINUS, Deap.
Bukit Jong.
62. LANIUS SUPERCILIOSUS, Lath.
Coast of Trengganu.
63. MELANOCHLORA ELAYOCRISTATA (Lafr.).
Coast of Trengganu.
61. CORVrS MACRORHYNCHUS (WAfiL.).
Bukit Jong.
65. PLATYSMVRFS LEUCOPTERIS (Temm.).
Bukit Jong.
66. DISSEMUMURUS PARADISEVS (Lixx.),
Bukit Jong.
1 l:^,
i;;. ( Ai.ouMs t II \|.^ un ,h , .
Bulut Jon-'.
(W. AOHOI'SAK Nil UMMs (IMn.
Bukit Jong.
Coast of Treuggauu.
Nowhere a common >)ir<l in the southoni liulf of tin' PimianuU.
thoTigh occasionally met with in l:iri,'i' Ho-ks.
i-.'.i r.TiiHKi'Au rrsri «. w ...i
Bukit Jong,
Very common in open spaces.
70. MIXIA ATKICM'II.I.A (ViKill.».
Coast of Tvengganu.
71. MINI \ M \.I \ I.iNN.
Coast of Trengganu.
7->. LIMOMDU'iMl s INDli is (Um.i,
Bukit Jong,
:a. ANTHIS MAI.AYK.VSIS, Kttox.
Coast of Trengganu.
74. CYRTOSTo'Mrs I'l-i TOKM.IS (Temh.i.
Coast of Trengganu.
7.'5. CYRTOSTOMIS II. \ M M \\l I.I. \UI< iBLTTni.
Coast of Trengganu.
Dr. Richmond has placed a uoW of iat.-rn>g:itiou againist thi« titW.
and I think the l.ird in (luestion is pro).aMy an exunjj.l.' uf ll..- U*!
species. C. tinornui.rilJ.rrls is hanll.v lik.-ly to iKTur ho far ^uitli
7.;. .KTMol'Via si|'\I{\.l \ 11 r-i
Coast of Trengganu.
-7. ANTHOTHKKl'TKS II VIMH.U VMMU'A )*. Mifu-i.
Coast of Trengganu.
7s. \NTllitTm:i:i'Ti:s M \I.\CCKN»l!* t1i^'>r.>.
Bukit Jong.
Coast of Trengganu.
7;.. l)|t AIMM rut I NTVTI M I !»n
Coast of Tren-rirann
The following species wen- .,I.MTv.'<i :
Ti-eron nipalensis, Hodgs. XutUmcca^m. »r
Carpopha-a lenea (Liun. ). M.u-nipter> t ...i
Tringoides hvpoleu.-us ( Linn. .. < 'opHyehu-M iiiu.
Gallinago stenura ( Kuhl. ). VaxUU-* ,»ranr!^ ^
Fregata aquila (Linn.). | ''' '**""i,,
Spizaetus limnaetus (.Horsf.). I At ^ ••^-
Halcvon pileatus (Bodd.). (Ulh.). ,- ^ ,<i. ,^ v
Buceros rhinoceros (Lmu. ). '
144
ON MAMMALS AND BIRDS FROM THE LOWLANDS
OF PAHANO.
By C. BODEN KLOSS, f.z.s., m.b.o.u.
"TDAHANG has been but little explored zoologically, and the results
"^ of two small collecting visits to that State are now put on record.
The narrative of a trip up the Pahang, Tembeling and Tahan
Rivers, ixndertaken in 1891 by Messrs. H. N. Ridley, W. Davison and
Lieut. H. J. Kelsall, was accompanied by lists of mammals and birds
observed and collected during the journey. These lists, drawn up by
Mr. Ridley and Lieut. Kelsall, consist so largely of species observed,
rather than obtained, that they are not altogether reliable, but they
present the first information we have of the animal life of the region.
The mammals noted are the larger and commoner species only, but
amongst the birds recorded are two or three of interest — viz., Gerygone
modiglianii, Salvad (0. pedoralis, Davison), which was obtained for
the first time in the Peninsula ; a somewhat dubious species, Setaria
melanocejjhcda (Davison), which, if distinct, is very closely allied to
S. a^nis, Blyth, was described; and a new species of Myna, Acridotheres
torquatus, Davison, was also obtained.
The next collection from Pahang was made by Mr. Waterstradt on
Gunong Tahan and is dealt with by Dr. Hartert in a paper entitled " On
Birds from Pahang, Eastern Malay Peninsula " : besides an account of
the mountain birds it includes a number of species obtained by collec-
tors in the lowlands of Pahang and also from the Simgei Lebeh.
More recent information is contained in the reports on the collec-
tions of mammals and birds made by Messrs. Robinson and Wray in
1905 on Grunong Tahan and at Kuala Tembeling.
Finally, some years ago. Dr. W. L. Abbott collected along the
course of the Rompin River in South-eastern Pahang : no account of
his specimens has been published, but the following were obtained or
observed :
1. Hylobates lar (Linn.).
2. Presbytis obscura (Reid).
3. Felis tigris, Linn.
4. Paradoxurus hermaphrodit vis ,
Pallas.
5. Elephas maximus, Liim.
6. Tapirus iudicus, Cuv.
7. Bos gaurus hiibbacki,
Lydekker.
8. Cervus unicolor equinus, Cuv.
9. Tragulus canescens. Miller.
10. Tragulus ravus. Miller.
11. Ratufa melanopepla, Miller.
1 2 . Ratufa aurei venter (Greoff r. ) .
13. Scivirus tenuis, Horsf.
14. Mus vociferans. Miller.
16. Mus surifer. Miller.
16. Mus asper, Miller.
17. T u p a i a rn a 1 a c c a u a ,
Anderson.
18. Graleoptervis peninsulse,
Thomas.
The collections dealt with below were obtained: the first during
May, 1910, at Genting and Punjom, spots about seven miles west of
Kuala Lipis, which localities are quoted as " Lipis " ; the second
during June of the same year, at places between six to nine miles west
1 ir.
of Benton^, wliicli place, in ilcfuiiK (»f ;iny otln-r imim*. ih '/iri^ n* tlw
locality of the specimens.
In view of our present knowledge ui the lowlan.l i iim .i ■:,.•
Peninsula, there are very few points to enlar^?e on : a cortiiin uumln-r of
species are recorded from the district for tin- first tiin", of whi- li
perhaps Sciunts rohinsoni alacrix, Thoma.s, a form of Sriiirni jirrrmtn,
Desm., and Mus i^eUax, Miller, are the more intori»8tiiij( aiium^; th«
mammals, though they are such as v.e should oxj^H't to fiinl th. r.
while the known distribution of others has been slightly exti'iidi-'l
Of the birds, the two specimens of Alredo enryzona, Tfmiii.. tlw
rare Banded Kingfisher, are the first which have Ixn-n taki-n for iitany
years in the Federated Malay Stafes; while the ujiHtuliIy iitat« of
Mesohucco duvauceli (Less.), the commonness of Muniii 1
(Blyth), scarcely ever met with in Pt-rak or S«.'langor, andtl.
Setaria ajjinis (Blyth) occurs in an area wliere aiiotiu'r fh)m«iy aiiH-*!
form was thought to have replaced it, are all that call for conunent.
PAHANG BTBLIOGKAPHY
ElDLEY, H. ISr. :
List of Mammals recorded from Pahang. Jourual of the Strailt
Branch Royal Asiatic Society, No. 25, Jan., 1894. pp. 57-60.
Quoted as " Kidley."
Kelsall, H. J. ;
List of Birds observed or collected during a Trip in PahuuK. Jour-
val of the Straits Branch Royal Asiatic Society, No. 2a. Jan .
1894, pp. 00-G5. Quoted as " Kelsall."
Hartert, E. :
On Birds from Pahaug, Eastern Malay r.-mii^*....
Zoologicx, ix, rt)02, pp. 537-02:.. Quoted a« " Hart.-rt
BONHOTE, J. L. :
Report on the Mammals, Gunong Tahan ExiK^lition. Jomrual ../"
the Federated Malay States Mnscnws, vol. III. 1908. pp I !'
Quoted as " Bonhote."
Ogilvie-Grant, W. K. :
Report on the Birds, Gunong T.ihan Expwlition. Journal
Federated Malay Slates Mueann^, vol. III. P"'"
Quoted as " Grant."'
MAMMALS.
1. HYU)H.\Tl>i L.\tt (I.IBI.I.
Eylohates lar, Bonhote. p. 2 ; KIosh. Journal of iIk. 8c«iU Bwh
Royal Asiatic Society, No. 53, 1909, p. 6.
Jlylohates albimanus, Ridley, p. •'"
1 <J . Lipis.
A specimen in the dark brown sLi^c uf ih-I.u^'
146
2. PRESBYTEiS OBSCURUS (Reid).
Preshyfes nhscvrns, Bonhote, p. 2 ; Kloss, op. cit.. p. 7.
Semnopithec7(s ohscnrns, Ridley, p. 57.
2 ? . Bentong.
Monkeys of the same species were also observed at Lipis. These
specimens are somewhat pale in colour, the hands and feet alone beinsjf
hlaclc, They exactly correspond with topotypes from Malacca.
3. MACACA XEME.STRIXA (Li-\>.,).
Macaca nemestr'ina, Kloss, op. cit.. ^\^. 0.
Macacns nemef^frhivp. Eidley, p. 57.
1 cJ . Bentong.
A yoimg male with the j^ostei-ior molars still uncut, closely resembl-
ing the adult female in colour. The fur is only slightl}' annulated
and the wash of black on back and rump is not strong.
4. NYC'TICEBTS :MALAYAXUS (Axdekson).
Nydieehus maloyanns, Kloss, op. cit., p. 11.
Nycticehus tardigradue, Ridley, p. 57.
1 (J. Bentong.
This specimen is rather duller and colder in colour than iisual.
In this respect, and also in the large size of the skull (greatest length,
02 mm.; zygomatic breadth, 44 mm.), it appi'oximates to N. covcaiKj
(Boddaert) of Burmah and E. Bengal.
.). PARADOXURUS HERMAFHRODITUS. Pallas.
Paradoxtirns herma})hrodltus, Kloss. op. cit., p. 22.
("r) Viverricvla malacepvi^h, Ridley, p. 58.
1 ? . Lipis.
1 (? . Bentong.
The Lipis example shows the white-ti)j]ied tail, wliich so frequently
occiu's in this species.
c. TRAGI']. IS RAVIS, Mlllee.
Tragvlns rows, Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 1902, p. 174.
Tragulus kanchil ravii.i, Bonhote, p. 11 ; Kloss, op. cit., p. 44.
Tragulus jaranirvs. Ridley, p. 60.
1 ? . Lipis.
7. RATUFA AUREIVEXTER (Geoffr.).
Sclurus aureiventer, Cantor, Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1846.
Sciurns hicolor, Ridley, p. 69.
Ratufa affiiiis aureiventer, Bonhote, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (7),
V, 1900,'p. 4*95 ; Bonhote, p. 5.
1 ? . Lipis.
1 (? . Bontong.
Owing to the fact that the squirrels of the gemis Uutnfa are nearly
always wearing out (a process to wliich tlie term bleaching has been
147
applied) or reiiewiuy- tlioir pelago, porlWt spec-iiiu-iis an- nuviv ■
ed, and this individual variation has 1h'«>u th.- cauM' of „mi
certainty and some confusion.
At present, however, three races of brown I{aliij\i ..... ., ..i-im-
guished in the Peninsula :
(1) Batiifa jryrsunota. Miller.
General colour above uniform ucliraceoUb and lirowu, m.irkiMiU
annulated hut liecoming on fore legs, sides and tliigliH wurrelv hiie.-kl«l
tawny-ochraceous, under parts and inner surfa<-e« of \»'^h .-li^r
ochraceous. Top of muzzle dark brown, sides of niuz/lo wlutiMli.
cheeks and chin grizzled In-own or whitish. Tail u variuble bn>wu, the
bases of the hairs whitish, the latter colour conspicucjus nn tin* under
siu'face where the short hairs clothing the verteltne an* bp)Wii. Fevt
dark brown.
Occurs in the northern lialf of the Pmiii-nla. Waterstnull {Ji*le
Robinson) has obtained specimens in Noj-th Pahang, and it is known in
Pemk as far south as Kuala Kangsar.
(2) Batiifa ajinit? (Raffles).
Greneml colour above a variable cafe-au-Liit !>r<>wn, ili»- hiiim dark
tipped and very faintly annulated but becoming on neck, fon« l«v»t
sides and thighs tawny-ochraceous ; under parts and inner Hurfoce*
of legs clear white or whitish-buff. Muzzle, cheeks antl »-lun m in
R. pyrsonota. Feet whitish or light buft" like the under i>artN.
Occurs in Southern Johore and .Singapia-e Island.
(3) Batufa aureiventer (G-eoftr.).
Nearly agrees with R. affinis above but U-low ii'.seniblc> H. i>jfr-
sonota. The back and tail are very variable, ranging from iHaU-iJuM*-
brown to pale cream buff. As Cantor lias cornvtly noted, the fwt u«t
1)6 dark or light— in fact, they r.iuge from dark brown to «ji-hnMt'..u*.
buff, those of much bleached and abraded individuals .ift.-u Hh..«mi;
patches of both colours.
Occurs in the area U'twecn the distri.t> .H.upi.-d i.^ 'I- i^^- -r.
ceding animals.
All these mees agree in the posst>ssi.»n ..f a n..tabl.- |. n
the outer side of the thigh, and in an annulati-d \iy\n^r mi! : h
when the pelage is worn this often disapin-ars entin'I\
Mr. R. C. Wroughton, in a nvent paiier dealing witl '■■
Sqiiin-els (Jour. Bombay Nat. Hid. .SW., Fvh.. l'Jl'>\ ' "'r
Bonhote in stating that R. anreiventer is a yeIlow-f.K.i.
fines it to Malacca, wliilc the range of It. /»y.-^uH'V.i .^ « -•
Trang to Selangor. But. as I liave iK.int.Ml o.it «U>to. tlH- (ornirr »
both 'dark and light footed, an.l th.- -radat.
colour of the feet\-auuot ]>e u.sed a.s a diffeni.-
these races, and B. j>ryso„oto which, far from exU-ndmi: t
appai-entlv barelv enters the Federateil Malnv St •
venter, as'Mr. P.ouhote conxrtly u-ted. is the pn
148
We iiuist take it that M. pyrsonota differs from the latter not so
much ill the colour of the feet as in the markedly annulated and
ochraceous \ipper surface.
According to Mr. Bonhote, who last reviev^'^ed the squirrels of
the Prevostii group (A. and M. N. H., 7, vii, 1901, p. 169), we have
only two forms inhabiting the Peninsula : Scmrtis prevostii typictis,
in which the lateral white stripe runs unbroken from top of
nose to heel of hind foot (extending also down the outer side of the
fore limb), and S. p. Inmiei, which has the shoulders fulvous-red, the
colour of the fore limb extending upwards until it meets the black of the
back. S. p. typicus appears to be confined to the southern extremity
of the Peninsula ranging to Malacca, v»'itli perhaps Kegri Sembilan,
and the southern half of Pahang : I have examined Pahang examples
from Tras, Liang and from the lower course of the Pahang River
(Lebeli Tua). Examples of 8. p. Immei, Bonh., are known to me
from Southern Perak (Blanja and Sungkai) and from localities through-
out Selangor.
Two individuals of this group from Lipis and others from elsewhere
fit with neither of these descriptions. From the first, they differ in
having a variable degree of fulvous wash on the shoulders, and from
the second, in that the colouring of the shoulders is never so intense or
so large in extent. Their area of distribution seems to surround the
red- shouldered form on the north and east, and I propose that in-
dividuals of this appearance should be known as :
8. SCIURUS PREVOSTII WRAYI, subsi^. nov.
Type. — Adult male (skin and skull), 'No. 1,330/10, Selangor Museum.
Collected at Genting, Kuala Lipis, Pahang, 11th May, 1910, by
C. Boden Kloss. Original No. 3,261.
Characters. — Eesembles Sciurus prevostii, Desm., but has the
shoulders washed with the *fulvous colour of the fore legs: differs from
8. p. liumei, Bonhote, in that the colouring of the shoulders is much
less intense and frequently falls short of the black of the back.
Colour. — Above deep shining black. Below, including the entire
fore limbs to elbows and the hind feet, a rich fulvous, deepest on the
abdomen. On either side from back of shoulders to heel of hind feet
a creamy white stripe broadening on the outer sides of the thighs.
The fulvous hairs of the abdomen between shoulder and thigli adjoin-
ing this stripe have black bases. Sides of muzzle, chin, cheeks and
sides of neck running up behind the ears chalky-white somewhat
grizzled, the region below the eyes being darkest. Shoulders pale
fulvous white, gradually deepening into the colour of the fore legs.
Tail blackish below and grizzled at base, bleaching on the upper
surface to a deep brown with a pale tip.
Skull and Teeth.— Skull and teeth do not in any way differ from
those of the related forms.
1411
Measurements.— Collector's oxtenml in.-.tMn. m, ,.
and body, 262 ; tail, 2G0 ; hiud foot, 56 ; fur, 10.5. (
nieuts of type : greatest leuf^'tl), 57 ; l.a.sal i.-ii^'tli, 4H.:i ; ti..
length, 17; palatal length, 2G.2 ; diast«-iiia, W, molar i . !
interorbital breadth, 24; postorbital couHtrirtion, 20; zygomatic
breadth, 35.8.
Remarks. — This S(|uirrel, wliich ;ij. pears to !»«• diHtributcd north aiid
east of the related races, is iuteniiediat*- In-tween tlie two. TIh; oxti'tit
and depth of the colour on the .shoulder are very variaibli', l--' •' •
white lateral stripe is never entirely unbroken there a« in S. ;-/
nor is ever attained the rich colour, widely in contact with tht; liLul
back, of S. p. humei.
All other races of Scmrus lyrevost'd with shoulder colouration of
this type are instantly separable from S. p. urayi by the ^rn ■.
blackish sides of head and neck, which areas in the latter are w !
9. sciuurs iiii'i'iuus, gkoffr.
Snurtis hippurus, Bonhote, p. 6.
2 (J. Bentong.
Nowhere conunon in the Peninsula and always mwr than the lai.t
species.
10. tJCIURUS CONCOLOU. Hlviii.
Sciums caniceps concolor, Bonhote, Ann. and Mag. Nut. Ilihl.. ("),
vii, 1901, p. 272 ; Bonhote, p. 7.
Srivrus (jrisfiimanvs, Ridley. )>. 51'.
3 <? ; 5 ? . Lipis.
2 <? ; 2 ? . Bentong.
All the specimens have the entire dorsal ami and tail Huffu-od with
ochraceous, deepest on the rump.
11. SCIURUS BILIMITATU.S JOHOUKNSIS. Rubinm-s a
Sciums hilimitaias, johorensis, Robinson .^ ^^^'
F.M.S. Mus., vol. IV, No. 2 postca.
2 (?. Lipis.
1 <J ; 1 9 . Bentong.
This race is much less ochi-aceous than S. I '
these examples mark, as far as is known, its n..rii
12. SCILRIS MINIATl'.S Milikb.
Sciums nolatus miniatus, Miller. IV.k-. WashiuKtou Acad. Sci..
vol. n, 1900, p. 79.
8ci2irus vittatus, Bonhote, p. 5.
Sciums notatiis, Ridley, p. 59.
3 <? ; 1 ? . Lipis.
3 c? ; 3 V . Bentong. .
These examples agree completely w.th s,.x-nnon •• *
from the eastern side of the IVnmsidn Ml b....- th- d,
of the tail very strongly rufous.
150
13. SCIURUS TENUIS, HoKsr.
Sciurus tenuis, Bouhote, p. 6.
3 <? ; 1 9 . Lipis.
1 ?. Boiitoug.
These examples agree with topotypes from Singapore.
It. isClURUS llOBINSONI ALACRIS, Tnos.
Sciurus rohinsoni alacris, Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8),
ii, 1908, p. 306.
1 ? . Bentong.
This is the southern and paler form of Sciurus rohinsoni, Bonhote,
from Bukit Besar, Patani States, and has only hitherto been obtained
on the boimdary range in Pahang. It is now known from numerous
localities in the Western States, where its southern limit at present is
Negri Sembilan.
15. LARISCUS JAL0RENSI8, Boxuote.
Funamhulus insif/nis jalorensis, Bonhote, Fasciculi Malayenses
Zoology, Part I, 1903, p. 26.
Funamhulus insignis ijeninsulx, Bonhote, p. 8.
Sciurus insignis, Ridley, p. 59.
2 (? ; 2 ? . Lipis.
1 9 . Beutong.
I have recently seen specimens of the stri2:)ed Grround-Squirrel from
Trang, whence came the single individual on which Mr. Miller's
(Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 45, 1903, p. 25) Funam-
hulus peninsuke was based, which does not appear to differ from
examples described as Funamhulus insignis jalorensis by Mr. Bonhote,
a name that has priority of date.
Though individuals from Perak to Singapore have been " lumped '"
by Messrs. Thomas and Wroughtou {Journ. F.M.S. Museums, vol. IV,
1909, p. 118) under the name of Lariscus insignis, there is a marked
diii'erence between those from the Federated Malay States and the
Northern Malay Peninsula and those from Southern Johore and
Singapore ; animals from the fonner area being only fulvous on
shoiilders and thighs, whereas the others are strongly fulvous
throughovit above, and below are washed with orange-fulvous on
thighs and on sides of throat. The southern specimens differ
decidedly from a large northern series (if from it be excluded an isolated
specimen from Bukit Kutu, Selangor, which outdoes them in richness
of colour but appears abnormal). Mr. Bonhote has referred (P.Z.S.,
1906, vol. I, p. 6) Johore specimens to F. peninsuhc, Miller.
IC. RHIXOSCIURUS, sp.
Funambuh's laticaudatus, Bonhote, p. 9.
Sciarus laticaudatus, Ridley, p. 59.
1 S • Lipis.
An inunature sj)ecimen.
(The only other specimen of Ehinosciurus known to me from
Pahang, other than those referred to above, is a female obtained by
lol
Lieut. Kelsall at Kota Glau--! i^ ly^i ,,,„, „„„. j,, „^,. ,j^^^^^
Museum, Singapore. It was identitie.l }.v Mr. Thuiuii.. um y;
laticaudatus, M. & S., but now that 7^. luticamlalu, i.s known tu U-
confined to Borneo, it must Ix^ recorded as an example of I{. tniHtioifUs,
Blyth, as the tail hairs are distinctly waslied with whitiHlj.)
17. Mr.S VOCIFEkANs. Mu.i.iit.
Mu8 vociferau{>, Miller, Proc. Biol. Sue. Wush \..l Mil piyt)
p. 138. ' '
1 ?. Lipis.
2 <? ; 1 ? . Beiitong.
18. MU.S SIRIFKK, MiLLKR.
Mus surifer, Miller, Proc. Biol. Soi-. Washington, vol. XII 1. \'.m,
p. 148.
4 $ . Bentong.
VX MUS I'ELLAX, MiLLtK.
Mu8 ])ella.v, Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. XIII. 1(»<A»,
p. 147.
1 (? ; 2 ? . Bentoug.
This species has not liithei;to Ixvn olitahifd I'roni tlif cast.-ni Ki-i'.-
of the Peninsula.
•20. MIS CRKMORIVKNTKR, Mii.i.i:k.
Mas cremoriventer, Miller, Proc. Biol. Soi-. Wash., vol. XIII.
1900, p. 114; Bouhote, p. 10.
1 ^ . Lij)is.
This, at present, is the most southerly record lor tljo cu.-it side
of the Peninsula.
i\. MIS .V.srKR, MiLLKi!.
Mus asper, Miller, Proc. Biol. So*.-. Washington, xiii, Iltoo, p. 1 ^■>.
1 S ■ Lipis.
4 <? ; 3 ? . Bon long.
The series serv^es to show tin- ViiriaMlity of Mn- >i^i„r. It mntff*
from typical bright-coloui'ed animals with rusty l>»'lli«'s to dull»T-l«ik«tl
individuals with grey imder parts. Kiits from Ea«*t»'rn Sumatra, with
the latter characters and size a triHe gn-ater than tin* typi<-al J/.
a8j)er, have l>een separated l>y I>r. M. W. Lyon ( Pntc. l'. 8. Nat. Mun..
vol. XXXIV, 1908, p. 644) under the name of Mh^ mmulHt. Hut
didler colour and greater size are by no means always awtix wttnl in iIh*
Peninsular animals, and it does not apjK-ar at j.n'wnt de^inibk' lo
recognise more than the one sjuries in our aiva.
2-.'. MIS VAI.IIH S. Mill-Kii.
Mus valid us, Miller, Pro.-. Biol. i>>'. Wash., xiii. \900. p. Ul ;
Bonhote, P.Z.S., 190(^ vol. I. p. 1<>.
2 ?. Lii.ib.
Immature individuals are much darker iiU>v.. t\m\\ hUuIIm «ii4
have grey imder parts only slightly washed with buff
Feb., mi.
152
■£i. MUS JALORKNSLS, HoMi.
Mas jalorensw, Boiihote, Fasciculi Malayeiises Zoology, Part I,
1903, p. 28. " . "
1 (^ . Lipis.
2 (J , Bcntong.
White-bellied meialiers of the Eaftns group which appear referable
to M. jalorenai^, Bonh.
a. MUS CONCOLOR, Elytii.
Mus concolor, Bonhote, p. 10.
1 (J . Lipis.
2.5. RHIZOMYS SUMATRENSIS (Rafi'leh).
1 c?. Li] -is.
An old male. Head and shoulders cream-buff, under surface
whitish. Outer sides of fore limbs, a line from occiput to saddle and
remainder of pelage grizzled greyish l:»rown. Head and body, 380 ;
tail, 140 ; hind foot, 56 ; ear, 20 mm.
•it;. TUPAIA I'ERRUGINEA, Raffles.
T'u/paia fe rnaj Inea, Bonhote, p. 3.
1 ?. Lipi><.
A very rufous individual.
•>-. TUPAIA MALACCANA, Ani>erso\.
T(ij>aia malaccana, Anderson. Anatomical and Zoological Re-
searches, 1878, p. 134.
Tupaia javanica, Ridley, p. 58.
1 <? . Lipi.s.
1^8. GALEOPTERUS PENI^SUL.E, Tuos.
Ga leu pte !■(((< peniiinidcV, Thos., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), ii,
1908. p. 303.
Galeopithecus volans, Ridley, p. 58.
1 ?. Beutoiig.
A very ashy-backed example.
29. MEGADERMA SPASMA TRlFOLIUxM, Geoff,
2 <? ; 1 $ . Bentong.
A common House-bat.
BIRDS.
PHASIAXIIVE.
J. ROLLULUS ROULROUL (Scor.).
RoliaUia ruulroul, Hartert, p. 539; Grant, p. 57.
1 J, Lipis,
•>. ARGUSLV>T'S ARGUS (Li.nk,).
Argusiamts argus, Hartert, p, 538; Grant, p, 5(3.
1 ?. Bentoug.
•OMMMID.i:
«. TUKKOX XIl'ALKXSls, Huin.,.
Tr>'i()n iii^Hilriisls. (Iniiit. \>. S-t.
1 <?. Lipi,-.
I. \l \< KOI'M.I \ Ul I It i;i'> ,|,.MM.p.
Maeiu2>y(jiu ruficti>H C: ;iu sj.. iiov. i. Hart. •it. |.. .'.ll
Macropygla riifici^^', rTvant. p. '>'-i.
1 c? ; 2 9 . Roiuoiiir.
UALLIDJ:.
.-.. K\l,l,l.\\ r\sri\T.\ iUvni.K>i.
1 6. Lil.i>.
ANATin.i:.
ll. 1)|;M)|{(M V<;N A .1 A\ \M( \ iM.>R-.r.).
Detulioci/ijiiK jiiraiiica, Kelsall. \>. >'<■'>: Haftfit. |i. ni\
FALCON I I>J:.
7. Sl'ILORNlS I'A 1,1,1 DIS (Wali-k.m.
.S'^'/A'/'/u's hdcha ( "r sul>sp. ), Hartert. i>. 041.
SjjUonils hurlta, (rvant, [>. 0-J.
s. Ml( KOHIKKW IKIM.I I.I.Mvirs (|ti:«i'.'.
Micro/iierud- t'rin<iill<iriiif, K't'lsall. \>. 'l": Hai-tfit. )■. "41, <tr.iiif,
p. 52.
1' c? : ^ ^ . lU-litoii.u.
rs 1 TT AC 1 1 ).K.
'.'. rsiTTlNCS IXCKKTl'S (Sii\«i.
Fxittinna lu<:ertiix, Kelsall, p. ♦U.
P><ittiuus iiudacccn.ii.", Hartnt. [.. '>V2: (iraiit, p -I
5 (J . Lipis.
2 (? . IJeiitong.
10. U)KKLLIS GAMiLl.rs M,t>>...
LonculH>< ijahjalm, Hartert, p. -A'l; Unmt. p. -'.l.
;i (?. Lii.is.
AI.CKIMNin.K.
11. l-i;i,AK(;<)|'MS \| \l.\( CKXSIS, SIHKI-K.
Pelargopsis malacceiislif, Ki'l.sall, p. •"•^^ ; <{|-.iiit. p. .')0.
Pehirgopsif! Jaramt inalorcenxlx, Hart»'rt. p. ■►41..
1-. AL( i;i><> i:i KV/ox\. Tkjdi.
Alcedo cnjzona (sic ! ), Hartort. p. "'l-J
1 (?. Lij.is.
1 <J. Hcntoii'T. , ,
The oulv previous reon-a for Pahau^- of this Kinu'ti^l.-r ' *
Peninsula-seems to In- tlu- siHvini.'U .it.-a hv Hartert to « h .^f
locality is attache.1. W. ha.l U-li-vcd th. h.nl to I* a fn.,..^nt.r «
mountain strean^s. I.v.t the l.valiti.. .I....V tl.- «Uve e.a.upl. -
obtained are decidedly i" *»..• l.nxli.nds
154
];). ALCBDO MENINTIXG, Huksk.
Alcedu iiifiHidiiuj, Kelsall, p. 63 ; Hartert, p. 543.
2 S ; 1 ? . Lipis.
U. CEYX TRIDACTYLA (Pall).
2 S ; 1 ¥ • Bentoiig.
1.5. CEYX EUERYTHRA. .Siiaki'E.
Ceyx dilia-ijnni, Hartert, p. 543.
Ceyx euerythra, Grant, p. 50.
1 <? ; 1 + . Lipis.
!•!. HALCYOX CONCRETUS (Temm.).
Halcyon coucretub-, Grant, p. 49.
1 V . Benton^-.
BUCEROTID^-:.
17. RUCEROS RHIXOCEROtJ (Lix.v.i.
Buceros rhinoceros, Kelsall, p. 64; Hartert, p. 543.
1 <?. Bcntong.
IS. BERENICORMS COMATUS (RArrLEs).
1 J ; 2 V • Beiitong.
MEB0F1D.E.
)!t. MEROPS SUMATRAXUS (llAFiLEbl.
Merojjs suinatraum, Kelsall, p. 63.
3 <? ; 2 '+' . Lipi.s.
20. XYCTIORNIS AMICTA (Temm.).
Nyctiornis aoiicta, Kelsall, p. 63 ; Hartert, p. 544 ; Grant, p. 49.
1 ?. Lipis.
1 (? . Bcntong'.
CAPRIMULGID^E.
•Jl. CAPRIMULGUS AMBIGLTS, Hartert.
(r) Caprimulgus macrurus, Kelsall, p. 63; Hartert, p. 544.
1 ?. Lipis.
CYB.SELID.'E.
±2. COLLOCALIA IXEXPECTATA, Hime.
1 S . Bentong.
L'S. CHAETURA LEICOPYGIALIS, Blytu.
Chaetnra leHCopygkdis, Grant, p. 46,
2 <? ; 1 ? . Bentong.
2t. MACROPTERYX COMATA (Temm.).
2lacrojjteryx comatas, Kelsall, p. 63 ; Hartert, p. 544 ; Grant, p. 47.
1 <J . Bentong.
TKUtiOXiD.E.
^.j. PYROTROGON DIVAUCELI (Temm. J.
Harpacies dnvaaceli, Kelsall, ^. 64.
Pyrotroyoti dnvauceli, Hartert, j). 544.
1 t? . Lipis.
1 S ; 1 V • Bentuug.
1 on
cucuLiixi-:.
Sirnu'i'i'lnti hhjuhrix, Hart<>rt. |i. 5H. ; (ii-.mt, |, .(.;,
2 <? ; 1 ? . Bcntun-.--.
27. CACOMAXTIS MKIU I.IMS (Siop.i.
Cacomanfis passerinns, Kelsiill, p. til.
Cacomantis mervlinus, Hartert, p. .544.
1 S ■ IBentonp.
28. RHOPODYTES DIARIM (l,i>s.i.
Bhoiiodytes flianll, Hartevt. ]>. .')4.'> : Grant, p. 14.
1 (J . Lipis*.
■UK RHIXOUTHA CHLOROI'M.EA (IUih.km.
BJiinortha cldorophivn. Kelsall. p. (54; Hart«Tt. p. •Vt-'i ; (Jr.iiit. p 14
1 (?. Lipis.
I ? . BentoiifT.
W. IROCOrcY.V i;i{VTHkO(iN Mills (llutTi.i.
Phoenicophavs erythrognafhuK, Hartrrt. )>. .'>1<!.
Urococcyx eryilrrotindtlun^. Grant, p. 44.
1 ^ . Bentong-.
CAPITONID.K.
31. CALORHAMPIS HAYI (.1. K. (iiiKVl.
Calorhampus hayi, Kelsall, p. 64; Hartcrt, p. 54^; Grant, p. 4i\.
2 S ■ Lipis.
4 ,? ; i ? . Benton^.
An immature individual t'loui Lii)is i.s .stronLrlv .>iiiffii.s«-(l \«itli ;,'n««-u
both above and lielow, and the wini,'-covert.s are tipin-d with f.-rnmiiioiiH.
32. CHOTORHKA CHRYS()I'(X;(»N (Tkmv.i.
Chotorhea chrysopogon , Grant, j). 4:?.
2 <J ; 1 ? . Bciitonf,'.
.•«5. CHOT(»Kin:\ \ Kltslidl.olt (i;un>>.
1 i . Jionrontr.
:U. CHOTOIUIKA \n>T\«'.|'ll\NJ> (Temm.i.
2 <J. Bontong:.
3.-,. (YANol's lli;.NKIil (ThM^.i.
Cyanops henriri Kelsall. p. '4.
1 ^ ; 1 ? • Lil>'-*-
3 (J . Bentonfr.
M. MK.som(vo I'l \ v« ' ^^' ■' »-'
Mesohncco duvauceli. Grant, p 42
2 (J ; 1 ? . I''P'^-
Of the si>eeimens from Lipis. the tirst ha.s eloar blaek -"<•'»'««.«;•
coverts, malar stn^. and ,ular ,K.ueh ; the H«;oud ui. tlH- .......
of sinciput and -.ular pouch sli.J.tlv t,p,-d with blue :.nd ..« mr-
156
coverts and malar stripe strongly washed with that colour ; the third,
a female, has sinciput and gular pouch completely obsciired with blue,
the ear-coverts are likewise blue and the malar stripe is greenish -blue.
The Bentong specimen has black sinciput and malar stripe, the ear-
coverts are greenish and the gular patch is much reduced. In certain
areas at least the differences of colour which have given rise to two
names appear largely due to differences of age and sex. Grant (Fasc.
Mai. Zool., Report on the Birds, p. 102) records the black-eared form,
C. duvanceli, from so far north as Nawngchik in Patani : on the other
hand, Traug birds are decidedly C. cyanotis as are also examples from
Trengganu.
PICID^^.
37. GECINUS OBSERVANDUS, Haetert.
Gecinus jpnniceus ohservandus, Hartert, p. 547.
Gecinus punieens, Kelsall, p. 64; G-rant, p. 41.
1 9 . Lipis.
38. GECIXULrS VIRIDIS, Blyth.
2 (?. Bentong.
,39. lYXGIPICUS CANICAPILLUS. Bltth.
Ynngipicns cmiicapilhts, Hartert, p. 547.
(?) lyungijnctis auritns, Kelsall, p. 64.
2 ?. Lipis.
10. PYRRHOPICUS PORPHYROMELAS {BoiE).
Leptocedes porphyromelasi, Kelsall, p. 64.
Pyrrhopicns porphyromelas. Grant, p. 40.
1 (? ; 2 ? . Bentong.
41. MIGLYPTES GRAMMITHORAX (Malh.).
Miyhjides (/rammithorax, Kelsall, p. 64 ; Hartert, p. 547 ; Grant,
p. 41. '
2 (? ; 1 ? . Lipis.
1 (? . Bentong.
4-2. MIGLYPTES TUKKI (Less.).
Miglyptes Ud'hi, Kelsall, p. 64 ; Hartert. p. 547 ; Grant, p. 40.
1 ?. Lipis.
13. MICROPTERNUS BRACHYURUS (Vieill.).
Micropternv!^ hraeJiynrus, Kelsall, p. 64 ; Hartert. p. 547 ; Grant,
p. 41.
2 (?. Lipis.
1 ? . Bentong.
11. CHRYSOPHLEGMA :MALA('(:'ENSE (Lath.).
Chryso'pldefjma mahiccense, Kelsall, {i. 64; Grant, p. 41.
Chryscqyhlegma minmtiis malaccensis, Hartert, p. 546.
2 ?. Bentong.
l.j. CHRYSOPHLEGMA HUMII, Hargitt.
Chrysophleqma hnmii, Kelsall, p. 64 ; Hartert, p. 546 ; Grant, p. 41.
3 ?. Lipis.
2 S. Bentong.
40. CHRYSOCOLAPTK.S VAl.IIHs (Tfmv.i.
Chrysocolaptes validus, Grant, p. tl.
Chrysocolaptes rallidun, Kelsall, j). <". |.
1 ,? : 2 9 . Li])!.^.
>7. ni;.Mi(i;u( 1 s M)ltltlll^^ ii:\r..M.
Hemicercvs concretux aorillrhin, Hartfit, p. .', 1-7.
1 ?. Lipis.
2 cJ . Bentong.
The two specimens from Benton^ arc inuiiatiin*. In >mv, fon'lii'iiil.
crown and crest are equally minLrlt'<l rufous-lnifV and hliitv-jfn'V, iIm*
terminations of the crest featlicis liriii;^' laiiitly tin;^»'il i)niny«'-n*«l; in
the second, forehead and crown arc nifous-lmlY, tln" ft'atli«T« luiviij);
slaty terminations, and the crest is oran^e-rcd, nit'oiis-liiifT towunU tlw*
end, the extreme terminations of the tVatliirs U-ini; shity.
48. ALOPHOX1;R1'I:s I'l LMKVI-KNTI s iTi:\im.>.
Humilojihux pnlriiriihnfiis, Kelsall, |». <)!■.
1 ?. Lipis.
W. THUIPOXAX .lAVKNSIs (HuRur.l.
Thriponax javensis, Kelsall. \>. <>-l.
1 (? : 2 9 . Lipis.
.-)ii. sAsiA i;vi;iu:i"ii. iiMtfiiTi.
Sasia abnormis everetti, Hartert. ]>. ')l".
Sasia ahnormi.-f. Grant. ]•. 40.
1 c?. T.ipi.s.
1 (J . Hentong.
The example from Bentoni,' is immat\nv and acri-eos in every rwpwt
with the description of tlie type (Har^'itt. C.H.M.. xviii, p. hb'J)-
EUKYLAEMID^E.
31. CALYPTOMENA VIRIDIS, U.ufi.E!<.
Galyptomena viridb, Kelsall. p. 03: Hart.-rt. p. -U^l ; Or.iut. p. :W.
2 (J ; 1 ? . Lipis.
3 cJ ; 2 ? . Bontong.
,-,". KlRYLAKMrs .FA\ ANKTS, Horap.
Euryhiemus jamnicus. Kelsall. p. M : Hartert. p. ^4S ; Grant, p. 3l».
1 9 . IJentong.
:,:i. KURYLAEMIS ocHlloMKI.As, Uvrrtr..
Euryhemv>> orlrromeJax. Kelsall. p. M. Grant, p. M*
4. S ■ Lipi.^.
2 <? ; 1 ? . Hemoi.g.
The female from Benton- is iinniatuiv. It diffen* uUne fn.m wluU
spe-imens in having- the white .-ollar faintly wa.sl.e.l w.th >ellow od Ihr
nape. Below there is no hla.k ,'orcet and the .Inn ami upi-r .!m»
ure duskv onlv. the feathers iK'in- partieoluun-d hlaek «nd .hito anU
faintly washed yellow. Bmist andalHlonu-u an-yello. .. !•--
of the feathers" showin- .^n the breast, side, and H»... • wn IIh-
centre of the breast is a stripe of pale \iuous purple. The subteriuinal
spots on the tail are yellowish white, and there is a yellow siipercilium
extending from the nostril half-way over the eye.
5k CYMBORHYXCHrS MALACCENSIS, Salvad,
Cymborhynchus macrorhynchus, Kelsall, p. 63 ; Grant, p. 39.
Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchus lemmscatus, Hartert, p. 548
4 ^ ; 2 ? . Lipis.
1 <? ; 3 ? . Bontoni?.
PITTID^.
.-,.-.. ET'OTCHLA BOSf'HTT, M. k S.
Pitta hoschi, Kelsall, p. 63.
Eucichla irena, Hartert, p. 549.
1 ? . Bentong.
Though coninion in Trang and other Siamese States, this Pitta is
rare in the southern portion of the Peninsula and has been obtained
recently only at Lenggong and Temengoh, Upper Perak, and at the
above place. The locality, *' Malacca," given for so many of the older
specimens has now little value as it merely indicates that the skins
came from a region on the west coast stretching from, and often
including, Singapore to Penang.
HIKUNDINID^..
56. HIRrXDO BADIA. Cass.
Hirundo badia, Kelsall. p. 63.
1 J ; 1 ? . Lipis.
MUSCICAPIDyE.
57. CYORNIS SUMATRENSIS, Sharpe.
Cyornis sumatrensis, Hartert. p. 549.
1 ? . Bentoiig.
58. ERYTHROMYIA.S MUELLER! (Bi.TTn.).
Erythromyias mnellerl, Hartert, p. 351.
1 (J . Lipis.
1 J : 1 ? . Bentong.
59. HYPOTHYMIS AZUREA (Bodd.).
HypotJiymis azurea, Hartert, p. 552 ; G-rant, p. 37.
2 <? ; 1 ? . Lipis.
2 S • Bentong.
GO. RHIPIDURA PERLATA (S. Mull.).
Rhipidura perJata, Kelsall, p. 61 ; Hartert, p. 552 ; Grant, p. 36,
1 (? . Bentong.
01. RHIPIDURA .lAVANICA (Sparrm.).
Rhipidura j a van! ca, Kelsall, p. 61.
1 <?. Lii)i.s.
1 :.0
r.-2. TF.RPSIPHONK AFFINis iHiVTii.t.
Terpmplione affini^, Kels;ill, p. 01 ; Hart«Tt, p. •>-t'-\ . <^»nint, p. 'XI.
3 J ; 1 ? . Bonton-r.
Two of the males show the beavitiful Idiuk iind white iuliilt pliinuM(«'.
03, PHILENTOMA VKI.ATIM (TtUM.t.
Philentoma vehtim, Kelsall, p. <J1 ; H.irtrrt, p. 553; Gmnt. p. 3«J.
1 (J . Lipis.
1 <J. Bcntong,
CI. PHILENTOMA }'YUUll<»l'TKUrM iTkvmJ.
PhiJentomn pyrrhoptervm. Ktlsall. ]) i">l ; Harti-rt, \> 553; Omot,
p. 36.
1 J ; 1 ? . Lipis.
2 <? : 1 ? . Bentonpr.
05. KHINOMYIAS I'Ki TORA LIS fSu.vuM.
Rhinomyios pedoralis, Hartcit. \>. 553.
1 .specimoii. Lipis.
00. CULRAPA (• i: V I.O.N KXSIS (S\vu>*).
Culicapa ceylonemi>^, Hartert. }>. 5.'.3 ; (Jniut. p. 35.
2 S ■ Bentonir.
07. AimORNIS SCMWANKKI iTi.mm.i.
2 ? . Bcntonc'.
CAMPOPllACin.K.
08. PERICROCOTIS Fl.A.MMiri:n. Ill-Mr.
2 $ . Bcntonp.
oil. .Ef^ITIIIXA MHIDISSIM \ Itrl.
^glthim vtrklissiiiKt. (rraat. ji. 3:>.
1 <? ; 1 ? • L'P'^-
1 ?. Bentoncr. .^^ ,.,„.r„,.v\ rn'MlA (L..XN...
JEgithina tiphia, Kelsall. p. '.l ; Hart..,t. j.. 537
1 ^ ; 1 ? . Lil'i^-
71. ( HLOROPSIS /OSTKROl-S iVio.).
Chloropsis zoxterop.^, Kelsall. p. ••,! : (In.nt. p. 33.
1 9 . Lipis.
4 ,J ; 2 ? . Bcntouf.'.
7> CHl-OROl-SIS KTKUiM KFHAI.V . I.»-v
Chloropsis irteroreph,!.. Hart.rt. p. 537; Omut. p. -W-
2 <J ; 2 ? . Lipis.
] (J : 2 9 . Hontonsr.
7:1. (Hl.<)K(.l>sls . VVNCHHiOS «T«il«.t.
Chloropsis cynopognn, Hart.rt. p. 537; Omnt. p. :W.
] <?. Bcntonjr. .^ ,ki;n v . V VNK*. I«r..n.r
T.' 1 11 . i;> Hirt.MT. p. 5:{7: Grant, p 3ii.
Irem cyanea, Kelsall. p. •>- . iii". u. \
1 3. Lipis.
1 9 . Boiitniiir.
160
75. HEIWIXUS MALACCENSIS (Bltth).
Hemixtis malaccensis, Hartert, p. 538 ; Grant, p. 33.
1 ^ . Lipis.
76. lOLE OLIVACEA, ELTin.
loh olivacea, Hartert. p. 538 ; Grant, p. 32.
1 c? ; 1 ? . Lipis.
1 <? ; 1 ? . Bentonf?.
77. MICROTARSrS MELAXOCEPHALUS (G\\.).
2 c? . Lipis.
2 (? ; 2 ? . Bcntoiir-'.
78. MICROTARSUS JIELAXOLETX'US (Ettox).
Micropus melanohucn.1. Grant, p. 32.
1 $. Lipis.
7rt. CRINIGER TEPHR0C4ENYS, J. & S.
Criniger tephrogenys, Hartert, p. 538; Gra,nt, p. 31.
1 ?. Lipis.
2 (?. Bentong-.
80. CRINIGER FINSCHI, Salvap.
Criniger fin schAi, Hartert. p. 560.
1 $. Lipis.
] S > Bcntong.
81. ALOPIIOIXrS PHAEOCEPlIALrS (Harxl.).
Criniger ]}liaeocephahis, Kelsall, p. 61 ; Grant, p. 32.
Alophoimis pJiaeocejyliolus, Hartert. p. 560.
3 <J. Bcntong.
82. TRICHOLESTES CRINIGER (Blttii).
TricJiolestes criniger, Hartert, p. 560 ; Grant, p. 31 .
3 ^ ; 2 ? . Lipis.
1 (? ; 1 ? . Bentong.
8,3. TRACHYCOMUS OCHROCEPHALUS (Gm.).
Trachycomns ochroceiilmlvsi, Kelsall, p. 62.
1 <? ; 1 ? . Bentong.
84. PYCNONOTUS ANALIS (HoRSF.).
Pycnonotus analis, Kelsall, p. 62.
Pycnonotus goiavier annlis^. Hartert. p. 560.
1 (? . Lipis.
1 9 . Bentong.
S.j. PYCNONOTl'?> FINLAYSONI (Sxrickl.).
Pycnonotus finlnysoiii. Hartert, p. 560.
2 S ■ Lipis.
2 (J . Bentong.
Sii. PYCNONOTUS PIX'MOSUS, Blttii.
Pycnonotus lylumosvs, Kelsall, p. 62.
2 $ . Lipis.
1 ,y ; 1 9 . Bentong.
IGl
S7. PYCXONOTIS MMl'F.KX. Ll:,^.
Pycnonotus simpler, Hartert, p. .'>()(»; (inint. i.. M.
1 (?. Bontoiiir.
9«. PYCXONOTIS SALVADOUII. >iHKUvr.
Pycnonotns salvridnrH. Hart«'rt. |). '.f.l.
1 ? . Bontonj,'.
S'X RrRKai.V < YAMVIINTUIS (ItLYTii).
Buhiyula cifanln'iitn'n, Hartfit. \i. '>'•'<{ . (Iniiit. |i. :{1.
2 <?, BoTiroTii.'-.
TlMKLllD.j;.
(H). POMATORHIMS BORXEEXSIS, rvn.
Pomatorhinus hortieensin, Hartert. ]i. ■'itt'2.
] S ■ Bentonf,'.
itl. TURBrXUS OLIVACEUS (Stbickl.).
Turdinns abbottl, Kclsall, }>. 02 : (rrant, \>. 2'.>
Tiivdinvsi nhhnffi olivnciint. llarttTt, p. ">'>'J.
I- c? ; 2 ? . Lipi>.
1 i . Bonroncr.
W. TURDIXrs SEPIARM s (HoR'*r.i.
Turdinii!^ sopinrin ( r suits p. iiov.). Hartfi't. p. •'><»«J.
1 S • BentdUL;'.
Differs from the last spocios. wliirli it v.-rv i-losrly n^vmlih-^. m il«
slightly smaller size, lighter hill, dark legs ami fe«-t an<l rulHT aD«l
darker upper surface, liesides lacking the jial*' shaft.'«trii»o« to th«>
crown -feathers possessed hy T. nUnrrfu^.
•Xi. TI'RDIXrs AIAiiXIRosTRl^. M —ri
Titrdiuus ma(jnii-o>itri>i, Kelsall. ]>. »>'2.
Malocopieron mayviroMrii*, Hartrrt. p. •>•>:?
Mahcopfervm marfulroofrr. (Irant. )> '_".'
I (? ; 1 ? . l?ontonir.
i»l. TlUDIMs M \( K<ilM( TVH" XTiii.kl.
TirnVnnix .niirrod.irtifhi". Kelsall. p. •5'J.
1 ? . Bom oner.
:.-,. i:itYTnu«Mi»'in.A nn'oinp. .ix~..
Knjtln-orirhhi hirnh.r. llarterl. p. •'•0:!.
2 cJ. Ui>U
2 <?. B<Mii..j)^'.
•h:. l)RYMfK\VT\nns NM.UK MMTlTlH ,|U1TB..
Dn/,»or,ifaph>,» „i.jnr„juf,,lnA. KeUill. p. 62: Omnl. p. 29.
4 (J . Lipi^.
2 (7 : 1 'i . H.Mii..n..'
102
;i7. .K'l'lf(»sT()M A liMsritA'Pt .\l (Hl.VTTl).
Trichasloniii rnsfrulinii. Unvtvvi. \>. ■'A'i'S.
2 <?. Lipis.
2 ? . Benton g.
;is. SKTARIA MAGNA (Evton).
MaJdcojtte.rtnii magnum, Kelsall, p. ()2.
Makxcopteron inacjnum, Havtert, p. 563.
1 g. Lipis.
2 <J. Bentong.
'.10. SKTARIA CINEREA (Eytox).
Malacopteron cinerem, Hartert, p. 564.
1 (? ; 1 ? . Lip's-
1 ^ ; 2 ? . Bentong.
100, SETARIA AFFINIS (BLYTn).
(?) Malacopferon melatwcephalum, Hartert, p. 565.
.1 <j ; 2 ? . Lipis.
Tlioui>-li the type of Sefaria melanocepliaJa (Davison) came from
Kuala Tem])eliiig, a locality less than 20 miles from Lipis, and Hartert
records one other example from the Pahang lowlands, I prefer to
list these specimens as S. ajjbiis. According to Hartert the latter
differs from S. offlnis in its "deeper blackish crown, less rufous, more
deep hrown tail, slightly darker hack." I have compared the present
examples with an equal numlier of *S^. affinis from the vicinity of
Kuala Lumpur and can detect no constant differences. Davison's single
individual was apparently compared with *S'. albigularis, a very diffei*ent
)>ird, and it is quite possible to pick out from a series obtained at the
same locality and time, one specimen differing from another to the
extent of which Hartert sejitarates *S^. melanoceiyhala from S. aflnis.
The type of the previous species which belongs to the Raffles Mviseum,
Singapore, is before me at the present moment : it has suffered much
from careless treatment and is now of little value in settling the
question, l)ut I cannot recognise it as being in any way different from
the series of twelve examples mentioned above.
101. ANUROPSIS MALACCEXSIS, Harti..
Auiirojysis mahccensis, Grrant, p. 29.
1 (?. Lipis.
3 (? : 1 ? . Bentong.
lo-J. AU'IPPE CIXEREA (Blyth).
Alcippe cinerea, Hartovt. )>. 566; Grant, p. 28.
1 ?. Lipi.s.
3 (J ; 1 ? . Bentong.
103. STACHYRIS POLIOCEPHALA (Ti^mm.).
Stachyris poliocephala, Hartert, p. 566 ; Grant, p. 28.
1 (J . Lipis.
2 <? ; t ?. Bentong.
k;:;
liM. ST.\( IIVKIS MACl l,Ar\ ( Ti MM. .
Stachi/rU inaculala, llaitnt, p. oCC.
2 <?; 1 ?. Lipis.
1 ?. Bentong.
105. CYANODKKMA i;U\ Til KO|' Ti:iCl M ilii.Mii),
Mixornis erythropterum, Kelsall, p. (J-J.
Cyanoderma erythroptera, Grant, p. 'IT.
1 <? ; 1 ? . Lipis.
1 <J . Bcntong.
Hill. MACRONl'S I'TILOSUS, J. \ S.
Macronus j)t'do6as, Kelsall, p. (32; Grant, p. 27.
3 <J ; 2 $ . Lipis.
In7. MIXORNIS (JII.ARIS ( U \ ii-i,es).
Mixornis gularis, Kelsall, p. 62; Hartert, |i. oi'u.
1 <? ; 1 ? . Lipis.
2 (? . Beutoiig.
1118. HERPORXIS XANTHOLi:i (•\, H..|m.s.
llerporula xaniholenca. Grant, p. 26.
Erpornis .rantlioleuca, Hartert, p. 568.
] (? . Bcntong.
TLltDIDJ-:.
IW. HVDUOCRHLA RUFILAi'lLLA (Tem.m.).
Hydrocichla ruficaijiUa, Kelsall, j). 62 ; Hartert, p. 57(>.
(J J ; 3 ? . Bentong.
One of the males is inunature. It differs from a'iiilt.«' in
being less intense in colour, head and back Iteiug rufous rather than
orange-chestnut and the black areas vaning from brown to sootv.
The terminations of the feathers of tlie lower l)reast are nifous
brown and the sides are washed with tlic same colour. Tlie bhuk
frontal and rum}) l)ands ava hardly traceal>le and the wliitc termi-
nation of the tail feathers are only just iH-ginning to apiR>ar. while the
throat is mingled black and white. Hartert has pointed out tliat the
white throat on which Sharpe founded //. rufiiiurnalix is part of the
immature plumage of this species.
llii. llVDliOtk Ill.A I U'l.NTAl.ls (lii.\Tiii.
1 ? . Lipis.
A species rarely olitaiiied in the suutli nl' the IVniiisuIa.
111. ( ITT* XI Nil. \ MAtlll|{\ .(.M.-.
Cittocinthi tricolor, Kelsall. p. 62; (Jnmt. p. 2:5.
Kittacinda macrurm, Hartert, p. ■^7\.
1 (^ ; 1 ? . Lipis.
1 <? . Beutoug.
164
SYLVJID^E.
IIJ. OKTHOTOMUS KUl'lCEl'.S (Les^.).
OiihototHus nificejjs, Kelsall, p. 62.
1 ? . Bentoiiy.
113. ORTHOTONUS CliNERACEU.S (JIliiji).
2 J . Li])is.
11^. FRANKLINIA liUEESCENS (Ulytii).
1 t? ; 1 ? . Benton^'.
LANllDyE.
1)0, HEMIPU>S OBSCURUS (HoEsr.).
2 (? . Lipif-.
2 (? . Bcntong.
lie,. PLATVLOl'HUS ARl^ESIAL'lS, Lab.
1 ?. Lipi,..
1 ? . Bentony.
The Lipis specimen is immature. The feathers of the occi})iit are
tipped witli ferruginous as are the tertiaries and wing-coverts. The
under surface is slaty-grey ; the feathers of the throat have white termi-
nations, and there is an irregidar ferruginous band across tlie breast.
117. LANIUS CRISTATrS*, Lijfx.
Lanlus crldatns, Kelsall, p. 62.
J (? . Li])i8.
rARlD.E.
118. MELANOCHLOKA TLAVOCRLSTATA (Laik.).
Melanochlora sidtanea, Grant, p. 21.
1 ?. Lipis.
IIU, CORVUS ENCA, HoBSF.
Gorone enca, Kelsall, p. 61.
1 ?. Bentong.
120. PLATYSMURUS LEUCOPTERUS (Temm.).
Platysumrus leucoj)terus, Kelsall, p. 61 ; Grant, j). 16.
3 <J ; 1 ? . Lipis.
3 <J ; 2 $ . Beiitoiig.
DICRURID^.
121. CHAPTIA MALAYENSIS (Hay.).
(jhaptia eenea. Grant, p. 17.
2 (J . Bcntoug.
122. DISSEMURUS PARADISEUS (Linx.).
Dissemurue plattirus, Kelsall, p. 61.
Bissemnrus paradiseus, Hartert, p. 579; Grant, p. 17.
3 (? . Liins.
1! (? . Beutoug.
hi:,
s'iikmdj:
i-;:i. i:il,\i!i:s ,i w \.m;.\sis n)«i.r«K).
Maiiiatati jaoanetiHte, Kclsall, |.. t}:*.
Etddbes jaoaiieim)*, Grant, p. 17.
Graculajavanus, Hartnt. p, r,7;t.
2 (J . Lijiis.
i'i,()('i;ii).K,
I-'l. I'WJLlir.S IMOKTI NAIl N. M mukki.
Ploceus baija, Kelsall, p. (Jo.
Ploceiis passerinus iti/orfunatuK, Hartvrt. ).. .'>77
Ploceus ati'iguhira, Grant, [i. 18.
2 c? ; 1 ¥ . Lipis,
l-2o. MIMA .\i I TKMIlA, M••|H,^
Uruloiieha actiticauda, Kelsall, \>. *>'■>.
Mania acuticanda, Hartt-it, ]<. .'>7l» ; Grant, \> l^.
1 (J. Lii)is.
•5 J . Bontonj:-.
r^ii. .MLM.V l.i;i ((X.A^TKA iHiMii),
Munla leacmjttgfra, Hartert, p. 578; Grant, p. 17,
1 cJ. Ijipis.
S (? ; 1- <^ . Beiiton--.
This sj)ec'ies was unrepresented, attci- vciirs <>| rolhvtiu;;, in tin:
Federated Malay Statt-s Museums until a siji;;l»- f.\aniple w»i« oWuitivJ
at Teniengoh, Ulij)ev IVrak. in li'Oli. Now, we iia\f tlii.-. larK»' '-•rh'»
from Paliani;-, showiuLr that it is ronuuon on tin- ea.st sidf of tin* nuiin
range, and individuals have Urn ol»tuined nreutlv in tliv liilU ttvx
Sel'eniban, Negri Senibilan.
NK('TAi;i.MII).i:.
1J7. .\NTii(»Tiiui:i'ri> HVi'<H.i; \\|\ii( V is. Ni'u_'.
Anthothreptfs hiipiHjnuninir,!, KflsiiH, p. 'J-; Grant, p. l!*
Aidhnptes hi/jioyntiiniiicn, Hartert, p. o7l.
1 ^ ; 1 ^. Lipis.
1 (?. IJeiitdii'j.
i:-. \.\TM()TnKi;i'TK> MAI. At i J.N>I> (V'l.
Anlhol/n-L'ittc.'^ )inilaco'it*>t*>, Kelsiill. p. t\'2 ; Gniut. p. !'.».
A}iihrei)te8 malaccenific, Hart.Tt. p. '>7'V
3 <? ; 2 V . l''pi^
I."... ( ll.U.i OI'MMA ril.K.\U«»ll'» ((.M.i.
Chalcop'iii" xiinntlfnuii', Hiiiiei-t. p. 574.
1 jf ; 1 y. Jkllt-'tiv'.
\MK ARA< IINOTHHi\ M"1'K>1>. I,il'».
Arachnotkcra ajinie m-Mhsf", HurtoiL p. '^7i.
4 ^ ; 1 r . Beuion^.
166
i;jl. ARACHXOTHERA LOXGIROSTRIS (Lath.).
Arachnothera lomjirostra, Hartert, p. 574 ; Grant, p. 19.
1 c? ■ Lipis.
1 (J . Bentong.
132. ARACHNOTHERA CRASSIROSTRIS (Rkicukxb.).
1 ?. Lipis.
DIC^ID^.
m. UICAEUM CRUENTATUM (Liif>.).
Dicaeum cruentatum, Kelsall, p. 62 ; Grant p. 20.
2 (? . Lipis.
134. PRIONICHILUS IGNICAPILLUS, Eytox.
1 $. Lipis.
135. PRIONICHILUS MACULATUS, Temm.
Prionichllas maculatus, Hartert, p. 575 ; Grant, p. 20.
1 <J. Bentong.
NOTES ON INDO-MALAYAN SQUIRRELS.
By HERBERT C. ROBINSON, c.m.z.s., axd R. C. WROUGHTON, f.z.s.
(Puhlished hy permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
I.-^THE SCIURl'S NIGROriTTATUS GROUP.
;S'. tiiyrovittatus, the type of this section of the genus was described
by Horsfield from Java (Zool. Res., 1824), since when the following
races have been described :
S. orestes, Thos. TAnn. Mag. Nat. Hist. ) -r,
(6), XV., p. 529 (1895)]. j Borneo.
S. inelanogaster, Thos. [Ann. Mus. Civ. ) Mentawei Islands, N W
Gen., xiv., p. 668 (1895)]. ) Sumatra.
S. klossii, MiUer [Proc. Wash. Acad. ) Saddle Island, Tambelan
Sci., p. 225 (1900)]. j Group.
S. bilimitatus, Miller [Smiths. Misc. ) n , i ■»«- i -r^ .
Coll., 45, p. 8 (1903)]. i ^^^^^'^^ ^^l^y Penmsula.
S. atratus. Miller \ Op. cit., p. 13 7 t, .y , •, -,^t a
(1903)] ^ Pagi Islands, W. Sumatra.
S. microrhynchus, KIoss, Jouru. Fed. ") Tioman Island, E. Malay
Mai. States Mus., ii., p. 144. j Peninsula.
We now propose to separate the forms from the Southern Malay
Peninsula and from Sumati*a :
SCIURUS NIGROVITTATUS JOHORENSIS, snbs2). hov.
A Southern Malay form of the size and pattern of ;S^. nigrovittatns
bilimitatus, but much less brightly colom-ed. Ochraceous colouring
of face, etc., less bright than in bilimitatus and extending less on to
the throat. Pale flanlv stripe dull buff not extt?nding on to the hind
leg. No bright colouring below the tail.
Skull. — As in bilimitatus.
Dimensions of the Type. — Head and body, 200 j tail, 170; hind
foot 45 J ear, 17 nun. (meai^ured in the flesh).
167
Skull.— Greatest leugtli, 48 ; basilar lt•n^Mll, Hb ; /.vt<t»uuilir l)r.%i.hl..
31 ; nasals, 14.5 ; diastema, 11.5 ; upper molar HorieM, Id mm
Habitat.— The southern portion of the MuUy IVniii«uU from
Johore through the Settlement of Mahu-oa. Negri S^-mbilun aiui Sonihcni
Pahang to Selangor, where it intergrades witli the Houth^-ni ncr.
Specimens from Ulu Selama in Northern Perak itn- v.t\ bn^'htK
coloured and are to l^e referred t<j .SV. iiujroi'iKoiux bit!}nil<ttu^
The race from Tioman Island, <SV. ni<jrovittaiu« nucrorhtfuKhtt*.
Kloss, is, in external characters, close to the Jitlion* furm. I>ut ♦•vho
duller with a greyer tail, lacking any ochrao'ous ting«'. und difffp*
further in the less roVmst skull with somewhat Hiualler tt^-tli .ni<l
feebler rostral region.
Type.— Adult female: B. M. No. 5. 12. 7. V\. Oriffiual No. hV.\
Collected at Pelepak, Johore, 24th March, 1905, by C. B. Kl..«.
SCIURIS NIGROVITTATIS BOCKI, lubtp. «..r.
The Sumatran form differing from typical nigrorittaiut by it«
somewhat smaller size and the brighter colouring of th«' flank utrip*^.
From the races of the Malay Peninsida it is .separable at ouce by tb«
pale patches behind the ears.
Skull. — As in these forms, but smaller in all detail"*.
Dimensions of the Type (from a skin specimen). - Head and liody
(c), 170 ; tail, (c), 150 ; hind foot, 43 ; ear, 15 mm.
Skull. — Nasals, 14; diastema, 11.5 ; upper molar Hcries. i» mm.
(The skull of the type is much broken, but from anoth.-r NjRximeii
it seems that the greatest length is 46 and the /yK'-mmtic breadth,
28 mm.)
Habitat. — Simiatra.
Type.— Adult female: B. M. No. 79. 6. ix. 1<>. Collei-ted b> C«rl
Bock at Pajo in the Padang Highlands.
Besides another specimen from Pajo. then- aiv two hj,vuih-u-
skinned from spirits, in the collection, obtained by E. Moliirliani from
Si Kambi in Central Sumatra, which, allowing for the eflfe.-t of »|rohol
on the colours, are not distinguishabU- from the tyj^*-.
The following key may serve to .listinu'uisli th.- various nieniU-ni of
the group :
I. General colour above an (.liva«<'..Ms 'j.n7./.\o \
l>elow gi-ey. Hands an<i b-.-t tiiu-1.%
speckled with yellow.
A. Size larger; hind foct. V^.\'j nini.
0. Grizzle of dorsal area coarser. Jvliy darker.
flank stripes obsolescent ( eMpeiially th.>
6. Grizzle of dorsal area rtncr. U'lly paler, flank
stripes well marked.
i'th.. VJU.
168
rtj. Hiud foot, 45 mm. Pale patch liehind
ears iudistinet.
(I.,. Side stripes very conspicuous, th(^
paler extending in a darker shade
as an indistinct stripe down the
hind legs to the ankle. Face,
chin, sides of neck, throat and
chest bright ochraceous. Tail
below bright hazel.
NORTHERN MALAY PENINSULA. .S. i>. bilimitdtns MilljEK.
h.,. Side stripes less conspicuous, no sign
of extension of paler one down hind
leg. Face, chin and sides of neck
(rarely extending to throat) ochra-
ceous buff. Tail l>elow not brightly
coloured.
Kg. Eostrum slenderer, teeth smaller.
TIOMAN ISLAND. ,S. n. micro Hi yiiv litis, KLOSS,
^3 . Rostrum more robust, teeth larger.
SOUTHERN MALAY PENINSULA. A', ii. Jo/ioreusis, R. & \V.
h^. Hind foot, 43 mm. Pale patch behind
ears conspicuous. Tail below brightly
ochraceous.
SUMATRA. ,v. ti. hwla, R. k W.
B. Size smaller ; hind foot, 36.40 mm.
a'. Patch behind ears well marked. General
reddish suffusion above.
BORNEO. A', H. ovesfes, Tiios.
v. Patch behind ears obsolete. No reddish
suffiusion above. Tail pencil pure
black.
TAMBELAN ISLANDS. S. n. klossii, Millek,
II. General colour above near " seal bro'v\Ti,"
below blackish. Hands and feet dull
black.
A. Above grizzled " brick-red," tail all black,
below " slate-black."
PAGI ISLANDS. S. n. atratus, Miller.
B. Above grizzled " ochraceous buff," below
black, tail obscurely banded.
MENTAWEI ISLANDS, .v. n, me/dnju/dniei': Tjios.
Iti!)
ON SIX NEW MAMMALS FKoM I'HK
MALAY PENINSULA AND ADJACENT ISI^ANDH.
Bv HEuiJKirj' L\ liUiilXSOX, c.m.z.s., axd C. iMUiKN KLOHM. r.«...
"OECENT work on lli<' collections of the Sdannor Miiwuin lut«
shown that the following six races of Mulavuu iiuiiiiiiuiIh atv
sufficiently distinct to merit descj-iption :
1. MLS RATTUS RIMI'IA, ««'>*/,. «„,-.
Type.— Adult male (skin and skull), No. 250 09, Solan^'or Muii««uij>.
Collected on Pulau Rumpiu, Sembilau Islands, olY the Pcrak coimt.
W. Malay Peninsula, by E. Seimund, on the 7th Mardi, 1I»09.
Characters. — Like MasraitH>>j(thjrenxi.'^, Bonh., from the nuiinlamJ
of the Malay Peninsula, but considerably larger and diirkt-r abovf
owing to the reduction of the ochraceous element in the p«'lat;e. Tlw*
skull is more robust and the l)ull£e relatively larger.
Colour. — Above mingled ochraceous and sooty-brown. j»aler and
somewhat greyer on the sides and darker on the rump and the miHlian
line of the back owing to the presence of numerous long bhu'k brintlefl.
Under surface creamy white to the l»ases of th<' hairs, fairly clearly
defined from the sides.
Under surface of scrotum greyish brown. Hands and foot flf«h
coloured, very thinly clad with pale hairs, darker on the median lino of
the feet.
Skull and Teeth. — Apart from its much larger size and luon-
massive build, the skull of the present form is distinguished from lliat
of M. r. jalorensis by the larger and moi-e dilated bulla> and by th«'
relatively shorter palatal foramina. Viewed from alwve. the routruui
is much heavier and broader, the cranium is more ehjngated and fl.it t*-!!.-. I
and the postorbital ridges are heavier and more sharply defleot«««l
Apart from their greater size, tli<» teeth do not differ.
Measurements.— Collector's external mea.suivnienth t.ikeii m tb«
flesh : head and body, 180 (HVr>*) ; tail. 207 (17',') : hind f.wt. 39 (80) :
ear, 23 (18) mm.
Cranial measvu-ements : greatest length, 44.8 (41.5); Ijambir
length, 37.0 (33.9); palatilar length. 2L5 (19.1); breadth iM-twwn
anterior molars, 4.5 (3.9;; length of palatal forammu. 7.6 ^7.1;,
breadth of rostrum at anterior extremity of foramina, 7.3 (6.8);
diasteina, 12.0 (11.9) ; length of upp;'r molar row. 7.8 (7.1); modi*n
length of nasals, 15.8 (15.(>) ; greatest breadth of combin.^1 na*.tl« 4.H
(42); interorbital breadth, 7.0 ((Jl) ; cranial bmulth. 1«.5 (15.2);
zygomatic breadth, 21.0 (19.0) mm.
The extern.il measurements of twelve spec-iraen* ttvomffo as follow..
the fi'-'ures in parentheses iudicatinu' the extv
bodv, 184 (175-2!>:)) : tail, 209.8 (195-213) : In
ear,' 22.7 (21-24).
* Mcusurcments in imrcnthcses nro thoso <if i>^
frnin Bnkit Jong, Trenpimnu (Solnnirnr Mu»omn. N
170
Specimens Examined. — Six Bkhis and nine skulls, all from the
type locality.
Remarks. — This race is readily separated from the mainland form
by its much larger size, which is especially marked in the hind feet.
The series before us is vei-y uniform both in size and in colouration,
and does not differ from a further series of eight now in the British
Museum, which were collected at the same time.
•2. MUS SURIFER LEONIS, s-iibsp. nov.
Type.- Adult male (skin and skull), No. 1,882/08, Selangor
Museum. Collected at Changi, at the north-east corner of Singapore
Island, by H. C. Robinson and E. Seimimd, on the 22nd July, 1908.
Original No. 1,048.
Characters. — Like Mns snrifer from Trang, but more brilliantly
tawny and size considerably smaller. Skull smaller with cranium
rounder and relatively broader.
Colour. — Above brilliant tawny, sprinkled on the dorsal area and
rump with brownish black : head, cheeks, sides of neck, shoulders and
thighs, and sides along the line of demarcation from the belly, clear
orange tawny. Under parts white, this colour extending to hands and
roots of the vibrissae and scarcely cut off from the white feet by the
tawny colour of the outer thighs. A narrow tawny gorget across the
chest. Tail bicoloured with terminal half white.
Skull and Teeth.- — The skull in the broader and more globose
cranium resembles rather the race dwelling in Terutau and Langkawi
Islands than the mainland animal : the posterior terminations of the
nasals are narrower than in the related forms.
Measurements. — Collector's external measurements taken in the
flesh : head and body, 172 ; tail, 179 ; hind foot, 41 ; ear, 23 mm.
The average measurements of thirty specimens are : head and body,
170.3; tail, 176.3; hind foot, 39.3; ear, 22.6 mm.
Cranial measurements of the type : greatest length, 43.1 ; basilar
length, 32.5; palatilar length, 17.9; breadth between anterior molars,
4 ; length of palatal foramina, 6.1 ; breadth of combined foramina, 3.2 ;
diastema, 12.2 ; length of upper molar row, 6.2 ; length of nasals, 15.8 ;
interorbital breadth, 6.9; ci'anial breadth, 16.4; zygomatic breadth,
18.5 mm.
Specimens Examined. — Thirty from the type locality.
Remarks. — Of the series the dullest are slightly brighter than the
typical Peninsular animals, while the size is also decidedly less ; but if
this were dwe to immaturity, we should find them darker in colour.
When we first collected these rats we were struck with the differences
as noted,* and re-examination of very large series of the allied forms,
including topotypes of the typical race, confirms us in the opinion
already expressed.
* .TouTO. Fort. Malfiy States Miisouins, iv, p. 12.j (1909),
Tlioiii-li tlit^ variiiliility ut lli.- iiiainhiii<l h|jivui« .-
yiroduees individuals that mute li tlic Sin^,'u|M»n' uiiitiml iii ...... ••
tile smaller size of the latter (•oinbineJ with thoir unifonii ln*u ■
indicates that they are a well -defined insular nu-e, whicli, «un.i..«:v
euoiigh, is more distinct from its «„'eo<,'ra])hifal n»-jj;lilM)ur. Mu* #Mri/rr
linge7isis, of the Rhio Archipelago tlian it is fn>iii th«* tnw Mus »mn/er
surifer of Trang.
From Mus surifer flavidulux of Langkawi iHland, whirh it
approaches in size, this rare is easily separated hy tin* hrilliiint colour
and long tail; from Mus surifer microdon of Tioiiuiii iMluud. wln' h
approaehes it in colour, it is distinguished )»y itH HumlU'r iiize, incn-.ivd
brightness and less interrupted white area of the iiudiT \>ari». T)t-
tawuy gorget seen in the type is not of frequent oeeurn-nee.
3. SCIUROPTERUS (PETAUUILLl S) KlM.oi IIII. ««A»p. mor.
Type.— Adult female (skin and skull). No. 2.«J«'.H 1<». .S'Unjfor
Museimi. Collected at Jeram Estate, Kapar. S'lau^'wr, l.% V.
Kinloch, Esq., on the 13th Octolxr, 19U>.
Characters.— A Pygmy Flying Sipiirrel of the
Petaurillus, oivery similar dimensions to.SV. hogii, ThoH.,froin -
but, with smaller skull, much shorter rostrum and longer tooth row,
differs further in having the ears markedly shorter, rolour roorp
rufescent above, median facial area darker, sides of the nwk with
a pure buffy patch Ijelow the base of the ear. hairs of eh.-i.t and
abdomen with greyish bases and the upper median line of the tuil hUcl.
Ears elongated, with rounded tips, the anterior edges convei. the
posterior almost straight. Vibris.sae attain a lenu'th of 44» mm.
Colour.— Above black washed with rufe.seent-bufT. -.trunu'lr on
occiput and bodv, but the limbs and inner portions of the |«inu luite ot.lr
slightlv grizzled with the same colour. The JmfT.wa.h.Hl un^. l-r,.
the leases of the hairs slaty, their median third hlm-k and tlM-.r t.,-
mfescent-bulf. The outer portions of the p»tni.hute an- pur.- hWV to
the bases of the hairs, and the extreme edges aJH)ve and U-lo« .,^
fringed with blacked hairs about 3 mm. long w.th l.uflf t.p<
Top of muzzle a ring round the eyes an.l area.s l-tw.,-,, .
ear and l>elow the latter .sooty-black. A i«iteh .,f pun- >v
6 mm. in diameter at the posterior ki.se.s of the .ntr. eit.M:
their outer surfaces. Sides of nn././.h-. ^•'-j'*';";"";^';^*;';^ \
and sides of neck pure pale rufes.ent-bufr that .l.u'hth ^ J
bv a small indefinite ami of dusky hairs, exten.l. »-
b^ses of the ears, of whi-h the jH.sterior Ui.^il ".a- -
Below, under side .., muzzle. .K.terior an. o thr.«t .iHi up^r
chest white, the hairs con.olon.us thronu'hout . ant-r... >
..d ^-^^-^-:;-^;^^^^ U.U. Uu.,
under surfaces ot {>ara< iiuu .muihh.
bases and white tips. ,
. X„„„,, „,„l Magnzino of Natnrnl HWorr. m. ^
Uplter sidt'y of foi't' leet with a iVw blauk liaiva on digits, wrists
wliitisl), caleanciiin from whitish proximally to ochraceous distally.
Hind i'eet witli inner sides buffy, their oiiter sides and heels black ;
proximal portion of digits bufi'v, extremities clad v/ith white hairs
OTerhanging the claws.
Tail a1)ove riifescent-buff, the hairs with white tips, thinly obscured
by black hairs, wliicli increase on tlie distal lialf where the underlying
buff hairs liaA^e black sub-annidations : below almost pure rufescent-
buff proximally, the edges paler ; distally overlaid by black hairs as on
the upper surface. The terminal, 15 mm., of tail pure white and biiff.
Skull and Teeth. — These exactly agree with the characters given
for the sub-genus by Thonias,* the skull being broad, low and short
owing to the small size of the nasals, of which the posterior extremities
and those of the premaxillaries are almost in a line. Mastoids inflated.
The upper molar teeth show low and rounded ridges : p 'Ms far less
triangular than in the sub-genus Sciuropiervs and is distinctly smaller
than m^ p^, is placed mesially to it, so that m', p* and p^ diminish
regularly in size and their centres are in line with one another.
Measurements. — External measurements of tlie type in the flesh :
head and l)ody, 87 (87t) ; tail, 83 (98) ; hind foot, 19.4 (20) ; right ear,
13; left ear, 14 (17.5) mm.
Cranial measurements : greatest length, 26.0 (28.0 1) ; basilar length,
20.1 (21.4) ; palatilar length, 10.2 (11.5) ; diastema, 5.1 (6.3) ; upper
molar row, 4.75 (3.8) ; median nasal length, 6.5 (8.2) ; greatest breadth
of combined nasals, 4.4 (4.0) ; interorbital breadth, 7.0 (7.0) ; greatest
cranial breadth, 14.3; zygomatic breadth, 17.2 (18.8) mm.
Specimens Examined. — One, the type.
Remarks. — This is the first example of the sub-genus obtained in
the Malay Peninsula, the two other species known both coming from
Borneo. We have named it in honour of Mr. V. Kinloch, who obtained
and presented it to the Federated Malay States Museums.
4. LARISCUS INSIONIS MERIDIONALIS, subsij. nov.
Ttpe. — Aged female (skin and skull). No. 1,909/08, Selangor
Museum. Collected at Changi, north-east corner of Singapore Island,
by H. C. Robinson and E. Seimund, on the 22nd July, 1908.
Characters. — Intermediate between Lariscus insignis dlversus
(Thos.) from Borneo and L. insignis jcd or ensis from the northern and
central portions of the Malay Peninsula (types examined), having the
flanks and thighs strongly tinged with rufous and the general colour
of the Tipper surface rufescent, not olivaceous grey.
Colour. — G-eneral colour above rufescent, speckled with black, be-
coming orange tawny on the shoulders and thighs and duller and more
buffy on the flanks and between the dorsal stripes ; head, fore limbs and
feet darker and browner. Three black dorsal stripes running from the
* Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (8), i., p. 1 (1909).
f Measnroments in ]inventheses are those of the type of Flriiiropfcrus hp$ii.
1 1-^
uape to the rum hjoador uiid inoiv delhi.-d than in ,
Under suiface whitf, stronjjfly tin;,'t.'d with onin^'e htiti .;
orange tawny on the thij^hs. T;iil aiinuhitfr] hlut-k and oreuuv uwnv
with paler tips to tlie hairs.
Skull and Tketh do not diflVr nrUeriully fr»>m tbiMio of L. i.
Jaloren><is.
Measuhemknts. Collector's rxt^TiiJil nn-iisim'tm-ntt taken in tfn*
fle«li: head and body, 191 ; tail, 112; hin«l foot. -U't: iMr, 10 mm
Cranial measurements: greatest length, 51.1); I
palatilar length, 20.2 ; diastema, 11.8; upi>er niol... . i ^u
length of nasals, 14.7: greatest breadth of iuuhUb, 6,9; int«*ri>rbit»)
breadth, 14.0; eranial Itreadth, 20.5; zygoniatir bri>iidth, il^H.-'i niui
Specimens Exa.mined. — Five fnnu l!,.' t.i,.- I . i!it\ .n-I Iw. fr-»m
Southern Joliore.
Remauks. — Examination ol a .^cik;' vl iJjjutvjR-.> t
Lariscus 2)eninsuL'c (Miller)* from Trang is idi-nti<-ul wit »
jalorensis (Bonh.),t described about a month pn'vioUHJy. The !on«
descrited above is apparently confined to .SingajHjn- I»laii' • ■' On-
extreme south of the Peninsula as specimens from Nyala« in • r
of the Settlement of Malacca, though slightly !■ .ii t^i't-Al
L. (.jalorensis, are far nearer to that than to the [• • o.
Larisctis inshjnis insl<iu!s (F. Cuv.) from Sumatra, of which we
have been able to examine a single exami)ie oidy. \h a verj- lutich diilWr
and greyer animal than either of the nv.iinland ra<>'s.
5. TIPAIA FElliaGIM-A W i I.KIXSDXI. ««'-#/». m<-r
Type.— Adult male (skin and skull). No. 1.13S lo. .St^Umror
Museum. Collected at Ko-khau, Trang. Sianie.se Malaya, on tlw lHh
January, 1910.
Charactees. — Like T.j'ei'ntjlnea Jerrtnji"
tions of the Malay Peninsula, but, with jaler -
area being conlined to the rump.
Colour.— Upper surface annulated Idael.
ducing an olivaceous effect, the head somewh.:'. .'
speckled, the rump and thighs si.fTuse*! with f.>migiiio»i«. ^ An olibqur
yellowish-buff strii-e from the side« of the ne.k t *' » -"-r
Under surface buff, yidhnvi.sh on the thnml an.l m.
abdomen, whitish on the inner sides of thi- thigh«. '1
lated black and buffy yellow, the latter colour Uml ' > •
and whiter on the un.fer surface. Hauilx «uid fe- "»• »«*•
latter brownish.
Skull and Teeth do not differ fi-om tho.s- ,.f T f f-rr
Measurements.— Collector's external ni
flesh: head and body. 180; tail. 175; \v
• Sinitlis. MiHC. Coll.. I'
+ l-'n^ic Miiliiy /..M.I . 1
174
Cranial measureiiieuts : greatest leugtli, 51.8; l»asal leugtli, 44.9;
palatal leugtli, 28.0 ; width of palate at first molar, 9.5 ; zygomatic
breadth, 25.9 ; least interorbital breadth, 14.5 ; cranial breadth, 20.9 ;
tip of premaxillaries to lachrymal notch, 22.9 ; breadth of rostrum at
diastema, 7.2 ; maxillary tooth row, 15.9 mm.
Specimens Examined. — Sixteen specimens from the State of
Traug and three from lower Tenasserim.
Kemarks. — This race appears to be intermediate between T. f.fer-
ruginea from the southern Malay Peninsula and T. f. helangeri from
Aracan and Pegu. From the former it differs in its generally paler
and less rusty colouration, and from the latter in its much longer
rostrum.
The race is dedicated to Mr. E. J. Wilkinson, Secretary to
Eesident, Perak, in recognition of the lively interest taken by him in
the recent expedition of the Federated Malay States Museums to
Traiig.
0. I'RESBYTIS NEGLECTA KEATII, subsp. hoi:
Type.— Adult male (skin and skull), No. 1,231/10, Selangor
Museum. Collected at Ko-khau, Trang, Siamese Malaya, on the 10th
January, 1910.
Chabacters. — A member of the femoralis-chrysomelas section,
distinguished from P. neglecta (Schleg.) of the southern portion of the
Malay Peninsula and Singapore Island by its generally browner
colouration, absence of white on the chest and by having the white
femoral line produced quite to the heel.
Colour. — General colour clear brown, the tips of the long hairs
slightly darker, paler on the occiput, nape, median dorsal line, elbows
and buttocks. Frontal fringe, temporal tufts, sides of head and neck,
hands and feet, extending up the posterior aspect of the limbs, and
distal portion of tail, black. Inner side of upper arm, lower abdomen,
extending broadly on to the thighs and thence in a regularly narrowing
line to the heel, white.
Skull and Teeth present no differences from those of P. neglecta.
Dimensions. — Collector's external dimensions taken in the flesh
head and body, 538 ; tail, 820 ; hind foot, 176 nun.
Cranial measurements : greatest length, 94.5 ; basal length, 68.7 ;
cranial breadth, 60.0 ; zygomatic breadth, 75.4 ; maxillary tooth row,
30.4 mm.
Specimens Examined. — Three from the type locality and three
from the Larut Hills, Central Perak.
1 .M.!S, (.ioVEKXMiiM' PRK^S
ON A COLLECTION OF MA.NLMAI.S AN1> oTHKl:
VERTEBRATES FROM THK TKENUGANT vf. ini-i t \.,..
\i\ c. |{()1)|;n kloss, k.z.h., m.,,
TN e'Oiui)aiiy witli tour collators, u MahiN ..hIitIv iiml u M'naiil I
left Tn'ii^-i;iiiiu town at o a.m. on 'i'.'tli .\iiu'ust. I'Jlo. to muki' a
zoolotiical invostiiiatiuu of the Ti-cui^'i^'aim AiTlii|K-la'/i>. Tin- \.'*m'| m
which v/e sailed, aud for wliiih witli its crew I am indelit*^! !••
Mr. Walter D. Scott, British A^'cnt, Treu<,'^Miiu, fur IiIm iij.Hi»ttuiu«- in
engaging, was a lug-rigged ketch of ahout 4-t- feet in length uikI II
feet beam. SheAvas iniliallasted and dn-w al>out thn-*- f*-*-! wlu-n l".i'i«-«l
with our impedimenta and sujiplies. Tlioiigli decke<|, tin* lioM ran
the whole length of the hull, but in the stern there wan u miM*d mbiu
hatch giving six feet of head-room between roof and Hcxjr and thi*
portion of the vessel was titted with two bunks; thi- inid»hiii |Mirtiiiu
between the masts was occupied l>y a large Iiatih anil forward of thin
again we carried on deck a wooden gallev with a r\a\ hearth. Oiir
water was stored in jars and Mr. Sc-ott kindly lent uh u HUiall Uwit
which we towed astern. The i)rau was not a goo«l H«i-lN«t. Ikt
anchor and cable were untrustworthy and her sails so rotten that «)ii a
stormy night towards tlie end of thr cruise they w.-n- pra<ti.-ally
blowii away. She was very slow ami we ci>uld not afford to \>rv*>n Iht
owing to her iudiiferent sea-worthiness and poor gear. It wu*. how.
ever, onlv necessary to spend short periods on board a.s at tlie hirer
islands we took everything out of her and camiK'd on slioif.
The cruise, which lasted for eigliteen days, was conceimHl with the
vertebi-ate zoology of the islands with special ivfeivnce to uuimnuilii.
Species in particular, and individuals, with one or two ex.eptiouH. wen*
not numerous.
Little Redaug or Puiau ndinig. \n1miv one nigiu was H|-'nt. pro-
duced eight mauuuals ; Onnit Redang, where we caniiied f..r mx muht*.
resulted hi a collection of 1<»(; specimens; a fi-w hours >.|.-nt at an-lior
one afternoon oft' Pulau Lantinga gave us lo miunniaU and a mijouni of
seven days in the Perhentians iHl nior- a total oi :M)5. of whicli «
fiill account is given U'low.
The collection of birds niinil.Mv.l :•:. >|h-< ini.-n.s. of which C«/<rii.f
nlcobarica, hitherto onlv obt;iined (from the island^ pro,,.Tly Ndonu'intf
to the Malav Peninsula) ..n Pulau Janik. .Straits of MuUva. .n.I
the Laugkawi group was |H.rhaps the n.ost inten-Htiug. IV n-iiwindrr
do not call for comment.
Reptiles were scarce, and in.^-.t life, as is usual on all hucI. uUwU-.
was extremely scanty : the butterflies obtain.nl „u.nl--n.l K- Ihwi
fiftv specimens. • i_ i
The onlv previous visit of a /.oologieal nat.nv tounv of »Ih. i.U».U
appears to U^ that of some menilH.i-s of the " Skeat hxi«-d.'
Redang in 1899, when the four si-tvies of bird. Im.ntlom^l -^ • ■ nr
obtained; but the exan.ple of C^l'vna, .o<^nra nvonk^l M
Oct., I'Jii.
17G
Mr. J. L. Bouliote as coming from Kota Bharii, Kelautau (P. Z. 1908,
vol. i., p. 77), indubitably came from one of the group.
The chain of small islands, of which Great Redang and the Perhen-
tians are the chief, lies from 7 to 12 miles distant from the east
coast of the Peninsula, to which it is roughly parallel, and extends
through a length, N.-W. ^ W. by S.-E. | E. of about 30 miles. The
islands belong to the Sultanate of Trengganu.
Though there are a number of rocks and small islets scattered
about the vicinity only the four mentioned are of any interest.
Pulau Bedung, at the southern end of the chain, and the Perhen-
tians, at the northern extremity, are situated apparently on the edge,
but within the 10 fathom line which bends out to seaward in both
instances to include them.
Great Redang, however, which lies rather farther from shore than
the rest and is separated from the mainland by depths of 13 fathoms,
is situated just within the 15 fathom line of which it forms a projec-
tion. Pulau Lantinga, in 16 or 17 fathoms, is alone outside the 15
fathom contour.
Little Redang, or Pulau Bedung, which is rather more than a mile
in length and something less than a mile in width, attains a height of
985 feet. It has two small islets near its shores and several more five
miles to seaward. The eastern side is edged with low cliii's, but to
landward are two sandy beaches separated from each other by a rocky
prominence ; the bay fronting them is full of coral, cocopalms fringe
the sand and beneath the trees are a dozen houses and a well of bad
water. Beyond the village are plantations of tapioca and bananas,
patches of hill paddy and a good deal of lalang grass. Behind, the
island rises considerably, and being sterile and very rocky is covered
with poor stunted forest. A path runs to the north end of the island.
The few inhabitants possess a number of brightly-painted canoes of
the Trengganu type and several trained brohs {Macaco, nemestrina),
obtained from the mainland, for collecting their coconuts.
The only land mammal except a rat is a dwarf squirrel, Scniriis
(vittatus) scotti, of which a series was obtained, but two or three bats
were reported to occur.
The birds met with were :
1. Myristicivora bicolor (Scop.). 3. Demiegretta sacra (Gm.).
2. Tringoides hypoleucus (Linn.). 4. Eudynamis honorata (Linn.).
5. Caloruis chalybea (Horsf.).
All were fairly comiuon but no king-fishers or bulbuls were seen.
Mr. Bonhote (P.Z.S. 1910, vol. i., p. 57 et. seq.) records the following
collected by members of the " Skeat" Expedition :
1. Tringoides hypoleucus (Linn).
2. Corvus enca, Horsf. (? macror-
hvnchus).
Onlv the fir^it was met with bv \ik.
3, Dicrurus annectens, Hodgs.
4. Anthothreptes malaccensis
(Scop.).
The only reptiles seen uiid i.l.tuiii.Ml u.-iv C>tlni.„ ,,,./„/,//„. ,.,,i
Mabtila mvlfi/asciata : lioth thest- wt-iv couniioii.
Great Redang lies eight mik-s N. h. W. IVum h,iilr lU.l.Ui^^ .i •, *ii
island of fair size, having a greatest l.-ngth of f.,ur nul.-H iiiid a l,p,..lth
of three miles. Its height is 1,13!» fc-t, and then- an- w-vt-nil miull uiHa
and roeks to the south and east; uf tlifso, the larg»-»t in Piilaii Piiuui({
which fronts the entrance of a triangvdar l«iy on thi' Hoiitli nuU- in
which coasting steamers not infrc<iufntly find t»'in|M)r.irv n-fu-.- in th»
strength of the monsoon. Pulau l*iiiang is rocky to -•-.miinl tknd «
ridge of rocks extends from it into the southern j»il^«4(l• leading into
the bay, but the shore facing Great Redang is sandy, and on thiit »id«' U
a fair-sized village whose occupants arc mainly engage*! in fKiluin;.
The northern extremity of Great Redang is nnky and i» covep'*! with
poor jungle but the north-eastern side of the i.sland i.s htill nion* for-
bidding and sterile. In the centre of this face lien u Iwy ahout half
a mile square with a l»road sandy l>each a<-rosH its lieaid and it* »i(J«i»
bordered by low cliffs topped witli stunted vegetation. Th«- Uiy ifitt-*
quiet anchorage for half the year and a little fishing liy nwunjt of
seine nets is done, but in the noi'th-east monsoon the l»rwiker» on thi*
beacdi are said to l^e very violent. The two bays in«-ntioned an* joined
by a flat valley about half a mile wide and two long wliieli •hviil»-« llw
higher portions of the island into two pails: the southern {xirtiiiu
of this flat area is entirely tilled with mangroveK with a Mnuill ri«i-r
running down its centre ; this stream at low tide has only a foot of watfr
at the mouth which is obstructed with ..n-al. Jnit gnniter depth within.
and many turtles {Chehme mi/ifas) inhabit it. iieyond the head-»-.it.Ti
the land rises slightly and is occupied fiy plantations, tlieii foHow. •
wet swampy area which, .save for a few rice fieldH. ix overvTown by
rushes, and beyond lies ground ocupied by a villagi' of ft m-op' or moiv
houses surrounded liy fruit trees, bananas, tapi-x-a and nuiiw gr*>«injr
on clearings made on the hill slojx-s. A few <attle wen- ^^-n IW-
tween the village and the northern bay exist;. kaiu|M.ui; hind duti.'d
with pools of water and marshy sjMits. The whole ralley ha« hrm
cleared at one time, but is now eitlier iimh-r cultivation or cown-l *ilh
lalang, scrub or short turf: the soil is p.n.r. The fon-^t .oM-nuK' ibc
hills is at l.est thin and inferior, at the wor>t. when- the »Io|r^ .-uu.irt
of little but rocks and boulders, it is a low den.H«» iH-nib.
The mammals of the Great Kedang group are an follow.
1. Macaca foxiirnhirix <ir,jei,linu',Hlnii. The " Km ' uionkpt I.
conuuon on >H)th (^mit Kedang and Pulau Pin*ng
■2. Tu^KUo (fernnjimui) .,h,r„r,<. Thin forui «.f Tn^'Shr.
fairlv conniiou.
8. Croci^oru .nojor. Tl.nv only -.1 theM- m.u*II Mu.k^h,v-.
were taken though oth.>r« were l^th h^vu »nd hmri ua
several occasions duriii:; the da v tune
4. Ptero.wx fnjpnnielunu^ hpi'U'. Milkr. Tin- Lr«*r Fl?iiV
Fox was seen many time** It i^ uot gwpinoiu and •*•
178
met with by day feeding solitary in the forest but was more
frequently obtained in the cocopalms where it became
active at dusk.
5. Cynopterm amjulatiis, Miller. Common at dusk in the
cocopalms.
6. Rhinoloplms a finis sn})erans, Anderson. This Bat was fairly
common in deep jungle where it was ol)served flying about
during the daytime.
7. Emhallonura anambensis, Miller. Two or three were seen
every night in the palm groves.
8. 8cinrus (vittatus) jjlasticus. This dwarf form of the common
Red-bellied Squirrel was freely distributed throughout the
islands but was least frequently met with in deep foix>st.
9. Scutrus temds sordidus. The Slender Squirrel was less
common than the last species and was taken botli in jungle
and palm groves.
10. Mus snrifer (jrandis. Fairly common in dry jungle.
11. Mils raitua jalorensis, Bonhote. Conmion everywhere.
12. Tragnlus ravns, Miller. Only one specimen was obtained.
The numerous village dogs were said to have driven the
Lesser Mouse-Deer to the remote portion of the island and
no natives could be persuaded to make snares.
It was stated that no Musang (Paradoxurus) or other carnivore
occurred. The Flying-Lemur (Galeojjterus), contrary to expectation,
was neither met with nor heard of and pigs were absent.
The following birds were collected or obsei'ved :
1 . Myristicivorabicolor (Scop.) .
*2. Chalcophaps indica (Linn.).
3. Calsenas nicobarica (Linn.).
4. Ochthodromus pyrrhothorax
(Gould).
5. Numenius phaeopus (Linn.).
6. Polioaetus ichthyaetus
(Horsf.).
7. Alcedo bengalensis, Gm.
*8. Ceyx euerythra, Sharjje.
9. Halcyon humei, Sharpe.
10. Hierococcvx nisicolor
(Hodgs.).^
11. Eudynamis honorata
(Linn.).
12. Muscitrea cinerea, Blyth.
13. Cittocincla macrura (Gm.).
14. Orthotomiis atrigularis
(Temni.).
15. Calornis chalybea (Horsf.).
16. Limonidromus indicus
(Gm.).
17. Cyrtostoma pectoralis
(Hodgs.).
18. Anthothreptes malaccensis
(Scop.).
The reptiles and batrachians obtained or observed were
1. Bufo parvus, Blgr.
*2. Chelone mydas, Linn.
3. Draco volans, Linn.
4. Acanthosaura armata, Gi'ey.
5. Calotes cristatellus, Kuhl.
*6. Mabuia multifasciata, Kuhl.
Observed.
The cry of a lur-^' Geek.) was liVjinnfl) \mw\ \u tlii> fon-»t.
Pulau Lantinga lies five miles west of Great l^'dunj;; it \h a mil,, uud
a lialf loug and about half a mile broad ; its summit is .'.2U fn-t hij,'h
and is topped hy a flnmp of big trees. To s.-award tl... i-uiiht in v.-rv
rocky Imt on the west sid<' thei-e is a stretch of flat laud iilai»t*.-<i wifi,
cocopalms and a sand ])each divide<l l)y a r(x-ky headland ed^'.-K tliiji
little plain. The better anchorage is off tlie north.-ni Htr.-t<'h ..f H;iiid
but the other has the better water— a little watprfall ainoii-ht r.-kv
There were no inhabitants, but two or three ruined Iiouw-h and hIkmIh
stood amongst the palms. The only mammals .seen were an intt-n-Htinj,'
squirrel, Schirus {vittatus) tvafsoni, of which a series was obtaiiiHl.
together with a single LesstM- Flying-Fox (Ptr,:>j,,iH liiii>omi'ht»»»
Jt'/iiJux).
The only birds ol)served were :
1. Tringoides hypoleviciis (Linn.). I 3. Orthotomus ii'ri^uhiriM
2. Ardea sumatrana, Eaffles. I (Temm.).
4. Cyrtostoma pectoralis (Horsf.).
Of reptiles, Mahnia wvUifnurhilo w:i< .ibt:iin.-d .t..! ('.,], i,^
cvistatellus was seen.
The last islands of any im]>iirtance in the Trenggauu Arrlii|jflii^'o
are the Perhentians whicli lie nine mile.s N.-W. h. W. fn>ni Puluu
Lantinga and the same distance from the coast. Both islands. »hii-h
are separated from each other by a strait of water with a least width »»f
half a mile, are approximately two and a (juarter ntiles long, uud iln»
eastern, which is twice the area of the other, has a luvadtli of one and
three-quarter miles; it is. however, almost sixtv ftW less in altitude.
being 1,135 feet hig]>.
West Perhentian is vtoy .sterile: there is praotirally no fore«t nnd
the island possesses a somewhat unusual apiK-arame tlirouirh U-invc
largely covered Avith dense stretehes oi wild Imnunu. TIu' Hlum'
bordering the strait has been planted with ctx-oiMihns when-v.-r
suitable and a fair-sized villa-e is situat.-d at tli.- soutli-eastem \Hnnt
of the island.
East Perhentian is uninliabited. though of a mon- inviting api^'ar-
auce than the other; more forest and less banana growth is to !■• -■■ ;
From the centre of its western shoi-e a ridge of r^nks stn.'tohi.s -v :. •
distance into the strait which, south .^f this point, is narrow. DcTontJ.
the channel widens, and tlie sh.n-t of water lyinc U'tw.«..n tli.- '
islands affords excellent anchonig.' during the S.-W. n.on^H.n h"
the south-westeni portion of tlie island and opponito the villiiui- on N^
Perhentian are sand-beaches and a certain amoiuit of flat lan<l « '
has been planted with eoeopalms. and then- aiv cvoi^lnw in flh- >■
on the southoni shoro. bul to the n..rHi the island i« rxK-ky wilh M.-.-|.
slo|ies.
180
Little collecting- was doue on West Perhentian owing to the natui'e
of its surface and vegetation but the following mammals were
obtained :
1. Tupaia ferruginea longicauda. A Tree-Shrew of markedly-
arboreal habits.
2. Galeoiiterm immilm Miller. A Flying-Lemur inseparable
from that occiu-ring on several other islands near the
shores of the Peninsula.
3. Pteropus liyimnelanus lepidiis. The Lesser Flying-Fox.
4. Sciurus vittatvs perhe7)tiani. A member of the vitfatus group
of Sqviirrels.
The mamnial fauna of East Perhentian Island was ascertained to
l)e as follows :
5. Sciurus (vittatus) p rot en s.
An insular race of the Red-
Isellied Scjuirrel exhibiting
much variation within
itself.
6. Mas surifer Jfavigrandis.
1. Preshytes oh sc lira styx. A
very dark race of the Dusky
Lotong.
2. Tnpaia ferruginea longlcauda.
3. Galeopterus pnmilus. Miller.
4. Pteropus hypomelanous lepi-
dvs, Miller.
7. Mus raUusjaloi'ensis, Bonhote.
Three species of Bats (probably Bhinolophus, Emhallonura and
Cynopierus spp.) were seen but not obtained : it was reported that
there wei-e no pig or mouse-deer and no carnivore with the exception
of a small wild cat (not Paradoxurus sp.) which was not met with, nor
any form of macaque.
The following birds were collected or observed :
1. Chalcophaps indica (Linn.).
2. Demiegretta sacra (Gm.).
*3. Ceyx euerythra, Sharpe.
6. Calornis chabyljea (Horsf.)
Of reptiles were obtained or seen :
4. Acanthopneuste b o r e a 1 i s
(Bias.).
5. Corvus macrorhvnchus, Wagl.
1 . Ehacophorus 1 e u c o m y s t a x ,
Gravenh.
*2. Chelone mydas, Linn.
3. Acanthosaura armata, Gray.
4. Calotes cristalellus, Kuhl.
5. Mabuia multifasciata, Kuhl.
6. Python reticiilatus, Schn.
7. Dendrelaphis caudolineatus,
Gray.
8. Simotes cyclurus, Cantor.
Below is a full account of all the mammals obtained : preliminary
diagnoses of the new forms appeared in the "Annals and Magazine of
Natural History" for Januai-y, 1911.
rUESBYTE.S OBSCmA STYX.
Kloss, Alw. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vii., p. 116, 1911.
Type.— Adult male (skin and skull), No. 2,061,10, Selangor
Museum, collected on East Perhentian Island, off Trengganu, east
coast of the Malay Peninsula, 12th September, 1910, by C. Boden Kloss.
Original No. 3,634.
* Obf-ervefl.
IHI
Characters.— A nice ui Prt^hylr^ „},h,„,„ i K.-i.h. . I.am. t.-ri»--.l l.v
extremely dark colour and absence of ivuy puler uud ivdd.-r .tn-i ..n
shoulders and hack.
Colour.— Front and sides ul' houd, Luck. Hid.'s und out.-r -uri.i. .-.
of fore limbs, black. Under-parts, dark l>rown. v.tv wautilv <hul
Nuchal patch, dral.-ojrev. Tail and outer sides of tlliuliH. aVatV
grey, the tail somewhat silvery. Hands and f.'.-t. iiit.ii>... ^1
black. Hair of lips and chin, yellowish-white.
Natiu-al colour of skin of face blue-black ; of eve-p.itrli.-.,, Uj,^ .,u,i
chin, pale pinkish white ; of abdominal skii), Iduish-wliiti- ; of Imiid- and
feet, black.
Sktjll. — The skull does not ap):)ear to differ from m;iiiiianri s\*'\.
mens, but the mandible is much heavier, In'ini,' both s«juan'r aiit'-riorlv
and deeper generally : the height at the condyle esiKvially is gn»at«T
and the ascending ramus is rather less curved on tli»' anterior ih1>^>.
If a series of mixed skulls of similar age are placed sido by sido
resting on their mandil)les it will l)e seen tliat tlir /ygoinuta of tin-
Perhentian animals will rest above those of the inainlaiul individual**,
also, owing to the elevation of the posterior portion of the HkuU.
the former, when viewed from above. a]i]iear to lie dei-i'ledly lesH
prognathous.
Measurements. — Collector's external nieasurements of ty|«': total
length, 1,332 : head to symphysis pubis, 583; tail vertebne, 797 ; hiud-
foot, 164. Cranial measurements : greatest length, 10*2 ; posterior
occipital extremity to nasal spine, 84-. 3 ; posterior occipital ••xtn-mitv
to glabella, 79.5 ; gnathiou to median upi>eredge of supi-aorltital rid>fi-.
46; gnathion to orbit, 29.2; orbit to posterior occipital extremity. 79;
zygomatic breadth, 77; greatest orbital bmidtli. iVl\ jKjst-orbituI
constriction, 43.2; greatest cranial breadth, 54; Ui.sjil length. 73;
palatal length, 33; palatal breadth at m\ 21; i^ilatul bn-adth at
m'^, 18.3; greatest breadth of rostrum Ijelow roots of zygomata. 35:
maxillary tooth-row excluding incisors, 35.2; mandibidar t^wth-row
excluding incisors, 41.5; greatest length of mandible 75.5; lienrht of
mandible at condyle, 45.5.
Specimens Examined.— Foiir males and thns. females, nil from
the type locality.
Eemarks.— The absence of any bronze dorsal aiva inuu.ilint.dy
distinguishes this lotong from any .>ther nice of V. ..h^ruro. It*
occurrence on Perhentian Island is interesting, rh. »o far. thin ii. tlic
only island on the east coast that is known to possew ft moniU-r of
the genus. ^j^,,^^.^ fascicilvris .xroentimkmhrv.
Kloss, Anu. awl Mag. Naf. Hi>>t. (8). vii.. p. ll*?. \'M\
TvPE.-Adult male (skin and skull). No. 2..KvS I... .S..Ln.'..r
Museum, collected on Pulo Pinang. (hvat Kednng Mand. TrvMu-
east coast of the Malay Peninsida. 4th SoptemU-r. 1910. by C. H-.. »
Kloss. Original No. 3,815.
] 82
Characters. — A macaque of medium size differing- from the main-
land animal and from Macaca Icetus (Elliot)* of Tinggi and Tioman
Islands, in the less annulated ochraeeous upper surface which is greatly
reduced in area, darker under h.\v, and also in the more silvery limbs
and imder-parts, and paler tail.
Colour. — Upper- parts mingled ochraeeous and l)rownish hlaclc, the
annulations indistinct and the dark element appearing rather as a wash
or cloiiding than a speckle : Lase of fur, dark greyish hrowni. Colottr
of upper-parts confined to head and ])ack and not extending to the
sides. Outer surfaces of fore-limbs and upper-parts of thighs, frosted
grey suffused with pale buff.
Entire under-parts with sides of body, entire lower-parts of thighs,
inner sides of fore-lim])s and sides oi head, ])elow and behind ears, pale
whitish silvery.
Muzzle and sides of face clad with short greyish hairs ; lateral
facial fringes faintly sullied with buff ; a fringe of black hairs above
the forehead.
Hind-feet concolorous with legs, fore-feet like fore-limbs but
lacking the faint buffy wash.
Outer surface of proximal half of tail greyish black, wdiole remain-
ing portion silvery white like the abdomen.
Skull and Teeth. — Comparison of the skulls of macaques are of
little value as the minor characters are not fixed and alter entirely with
age. However, the supra-orbital ridges in the type are very high and
projecting so that viewed laterally the nasals present a notably concave
outline, very different from M. hvtvs, whei-e the outline is nearly
straight ; the muzzle is broad, the canines very heavy and the pa.late
strongly arched, yet, owing to the horse-shoe shaped arrangement of the
maxillary teeth, the breadth of the muzzle is least across the canines.
Measurements. — Collector's external measurements of type : total
length, 1,068 ; head to symphysis pubis, 490 ; tail vertebrae, 620 ; hind-
foot, 135. Cranial measurements : greatest length, 113.3 ; posterior
occipital extremity to nasal spine, 94.4 ; posterior occipital extremity
to glabella, 78 ; gnathion to median upper edge of supra-orbital ridge,
62.4 ; gnathion to orbit, 41 ; orbit to posterior occipital extremity, 79.7 ;
zygomatic breadth, 83 ; external biorbital breadth, QQ : post-or]>ital
constriction, 79 ; basal length, 81.5 ; palatal length, 41 ; palatal
breadth at canine, 16.5 ; palatal breadth at »;\ 22.5 ; palatal breadth
at m", 20 ; greatest breadth of rostrum below roots of zygomata, 40 ;
maxillary tooth-row, excluding incisors, 37 ; mandibular tooth-row,
excluding incisors, 44 ; greatest length of mandible, 82 ; height of
mandible at condyle, 34.
Specimens Examined.- -Two from Pulo Pinang and two others
from Great Eedang Island, 200 yards distant.
Eemarks. — This macaque is characterised by moderate size, by the
reduced extent of the o chraeeous area and by the silvery limbs and
* " Annals and Mnoaziiie of Natural History," Ser. 8, vol. iv., Sept., 1909, p. 255.
is:;
under-pavts : an adult fcuuiU' i11iisii-at<'.s tlie.sf f.-utuifs fur more em-
phatically than does the male ehoscu as tyiR*.
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184
PTER0PU8 IIYPOMELANUS LEPIDUS. MiLLlR.
Great Redang Island. 5 c? ; 4 $ .
Lantinga Island. 1 ? .
The series of ten specimens agree, on the whole, with a series
of eiglit skins from Tioman Island identified by Thomas* as
Fteropu!^ liypoinelanm lepidus, Miller f (type locality, Tamhelan Islands,
Soiithern China Sea), and they may be referred to that race which they
also approach in size.
Their colour is variable and ranges from individuals with dark
chestnut shoulders, dark smoky-grey l)acks and blackish chestnut
under-parts to others with tawny shoulders, pale fulvous -fawn backs
(pale burnt umber) and broccoli-brown under-parts. The Lantinga
Island example best illustrates most strongly the latter type of
colouration.
One specimen (2059/10 ? ), a tawny-shouldered, brown-backed
animal, only differs in colour from P. h. rohinsoni, Andersen ;j: (typo
locality, Sembilan Islands, Straits of Malacca), in being slightly paler
on the extreme sides of the abdomen and thus stands somewhat apart
from the others.
The only specimen of a Fruit-Bat previously known from Grreat
Redang Island was recorded by Bonhote|| under the name of P.
nicoharicus, Fitzinger. None of the present s]iecimens can he identi-
fied in a,ny way with that species.
Perlientian Islands. 4 t? : 3 ? .
On arranging the animals from both this island and Great Redang
in a series with those having the darkest shoulders and backs at one
extreme and the lightest animals at the other, it is seen that in the one
position there will be the bats from the Perhentian Islands and in the
other the individuals from Great Redang with the specimen from
Lantinga, brighest of all, at the extremity : there is a little over-
lapping in the centre.
Of the Perhentian specimens three are so dark as to approach in
colour P. nicoharicus, but are much smaller: three others closely
resemble P. h. robini^ovi, but the shoulders and under-parts are a
trifle darker and the backs a trifle paler. The final specimen
(2049/10 c?) nearly resembles Redang individuals in colour above
but has the furry portion of the back greatly reduced in width
(average breadth 35nnn.).
* " Jonraal of the Federated Malay States Museums," vol. ii, September, 1908,
p. 102.
t " Proceeding's oi' tlic Washington Academy of Sciences," vol. ii, August, 1900,
p. 237.
+ " Annals and Mag-azinc of Natural History," Ser. 8, vol. iv, December, 1909,
p. 534.
II "Proceedings of tlie Zoological Society," 1900, p. 875.
1.^:
(See also ^lost p. 212)
CYNOPTERIS ANGri.VTrs, Mii.mik.
Great Rcdang Island. 4 <? ; 3 J .
Measurements iiiaclo on five adult iinlividuaU from tin- hLuJ
show them to l)e slightly Tmt distinctly siniilltT tliaii tin- tv]-* mtw*.
In the description of the type* the upin-r molur m Htiiti««l to
>)e about equal to the third premolar hut with a slii^htly uiimiWer
crown: in the present series, however, ami in all (.tln-r Ctfix.iArri
referable to C (inijolatii^ that T have .seen, it i^ luitii roiiMiderultlv
smaller and suh-trian^nilar in shape, narrowinir pu.st«-riorly.
Males from Great Eedang Island have tin- litad oiivace.niM hrowii.
nape, ochraceous, sides of neck and shoulders, tawny, lia<k, lirnwn
washed with raw umher: below, the throat, rlie«,t and .sides <if Uxly
are ochi^aceous and the middle of the a))di)iiien <^'n'yisli iiliviu-«*oUM-
bi'own. Females ai'e paler than males throii<^liout, la<-kin'j tin* o«dini-
ceous tails which are replaced to a certain extent by ImfT.
C aiiqiihiins connects V. uphin.i', Vahl. of Burniah and India, with
C. inorifanoi, Kobin., of the Malay Archipelai^o. The earn of the latter,
however, show no indication of the whitish t>order ( v'ulf Milh-r, *' Piw.
U. S. Nat, Mus.,'" xxvi., p. 474), so marked in C". xf.liliir an<l in the
y)resent species, and C. aiKiiilnfiis should l»e rei;arded tln-n-lon' aM n
southern race of the Indian animal. The skull and t.i'th u\nr\-
nearly resemble tho.se of the latter than they do thos*' of the luon?
robust and broader-headed C. montanol. There is also U') tm«f uf R
sagittal crest.
Measurements of adult Cifiioiitmif ti,i>i>il>ifn.< fp.m (ir.Mf IN-dauu'
Island :
S. M. numl^er ... 2073 10 [2074 10 -ioro 1<» 2'i7.; 1" -••;7:. !«• \-„*r.
ifeid and body ::: ^ 05 ' 98 ! 93 94 94 94.8
Tail ... ' ... l'» '•• !' - ,•' , !?
Ear !•; l'^ I''- [']' 'V 'V
Forearm ...
Second fin<,'er
Skull: o-reatest
U2 11". loH ll:{ 11" 111*;
1 ;').:, 1;»:{ 1 ;».■". 19.4 I'-»j
ii-t.^
m'* I
It.-. It l:i..'. I-^''
length 2!..l :{H^ 2:..s 21. ^ 29.J
Intei-orbitul breadth
Zvgomatic brea<lth
1^'asal len^'th . -'< '<
Falatilar leni,'th ... l^^.'
l^ilatal breadth at
molar . . '
Ur)i)ertooth-row ex- .. „ i
cluduig nicisors -'
Lower tooth-row ex- _ . ^^^ -
eluding ineisoi-8 , lO.o , II ^ ' * l_______
* " I'rocoediiiirs of tl.e .\(nd.-iny ..f N'.itun.J Soirnrr* ..' P*"!-'-''
)>. 3ir..
18G
RHINOLOPHLS APFIXIS SUPERA'X.S, Andeesex.
Great Redang Island. 3 J. (One .skin and two spirit specimens).
Three vt;ry uuifonn Bats taken on Great Redang Island appear to
be members of this race though the maximum dimensions of the
series are generally a little smaller than the minimum measurements
of a series of individuals given with the description of the type, * and
though they are in all respects smaller animals than examples from
the mainland.
MEASUllEMENT.S.
S.M.
■ S.M.
S.M.
Minimum.
2676/10.
2677/10.
2072/10.
Sex
s
c?
c?
Head and body
58
58
57
Ears, length ...
20.2
19.6
19
19.5
„ breadth ...
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.5
Nose-leaves, total length
14.8
14.8
„ breadth of horse-
shoe ...
9.8
9.8
Forearm
51.2
49
49
47.5
3rd metacarpal
36
35.5
35.8
34
IIP
14.6
14.5
14
13.7
IIP
23.8
23.3
23.8
22.5
4th metacarpal
36.8
36.5
36.5
35
IVi
10
9.5
9.5
9
IV3
14
13
13.5
13
5th metacarpal
37.7
36.5
36.5
35.5
yi
11.2
10.5
10.4
10
V3
12.2
12
11
11
Tail
21.5
22.6
24
22.5
Lower leg
25
23
23.2
22
Foot, with claws
11.1
12.3
12
12.3
Skull, total length t
22.8
21
„ mastoid width ...
10.9
10.3
10
,, width of brain-case
9.8
9.6
9.7
„ zygomatic widtJi
11.3
11
10.8
„ supra-orbital length + . . .
5.7
6
6
,, width of nasal swellings
6.2
6
5.8
Mandible length
15.8
14.2
Upper teeth §
9
8
Lower teeth §
9.7
8.9
EMBAEEOXT'RA ANAMBEXf=«TS, Miller.
Great Redang' Island. 1 cj ; 1 ? in alcohol.
Above dark vandyke- brown, bolov/ much paler : the hair every-
where whitish at l)ase, markedly so above in contrast with the dark
fur, but less distinctlv so ])elow.
* "Proceedings ol" the Zoological Society," 1905, toI. ii, jj. 105.
t To front of canine?.
X Front of nasal swellings to junction of snpra-orhital and sagittal crest.*.
§ Excluding incisors.
J 87
On acvoimt of rlu' sl.-n.lcnicss ..f th.-i,- >k,ills. H.-.^e .'xampU «u.l
others from Tioiium Island sliould, J tliiiik. !„• n-f.-nvd to the race of
tht! Ananilnis Islands* rather than to tin- maiidand form K y„iii«.
.s//7t</-/s, Miller, t which possesses, relalivolv to the otli.-r diiu<'riNi..iiH of
the skull, a decidedly l)roader rostrum and l>raiu-i-asf.
Dimensions of au adult female: head and hodv, oO; tad. \\, lone-
arm, 44; hiud-foot, 7.2; lower le^', IG; thumh. S ; s4-r.md tiuK'«-r. :W.5,
third finj^^er [39.5 + 12.5 + 19 (chord of III-) , 71; fourth Hi.u'.-r
[32.5 + 9.5 + (5J 48 ; fifth finder ;30 + 11 4- 5 . 4«J ; Cmniul ni.-a«ur.-
ments: greatest length, 14.4; coudylo-hasal N-n^'tli, 13.1; Imitiil
length, 12; zygomatic breadth, 8.4; greatest anteorl»ital hn-iidth 5.7;
least interorbital hreadth, 3 ; cranial li'iigtli, 9.2; cranial hreadtli. 7.
breadth of palate between posterior molars, 3: |(alatai length, 4.4;
upper molar e.xcduding incisors, 5.1 : lower molar row eviiiding
incisors, 5.5 ; greatest length of mandible. 9.8. (S.M. No. 207H iM).
ti.\i.i;oi"i'i;urs immii.is. .Miuia:.
IV'rlii'utiaii IslainU. :5 adult i.
2 ., ^ .
L' iininalill'C f' .
Greueral colour impression of males : altovc is a Udline, .>^hould»'rn
darker and })rowner ; sides and Ixick of neck and head, and to a K'mk
extent the rum}), smoky grey ; top of head is a liellinc ; cliin and
muzzle to the eyes, l)lackish; fore-feet, ))la(kisli. spottc(l with buff; a
tawny patch on the upper part of thighs and f«)n--liml>s ; the juini-
chute washed pale bu liy : the whole u[>per ^urfa^•^• marbled and
streaked with brownish-l)lack and spotted with cn-amy buff: an
elongate white patch l)elow the eye which is tinged with blackinh ;
the base of each individual hair, grey, the centnil portion buffy or
white. Below pale pinkish is a Ix^lline, the c]ie.«it and alMlouien durkiT
with grey bases to the hairs; ] parachute .somewhat <MhniitMiuii :
uropatagium dark tawny-brown females : aKne, smoky \ir\'\, thrnut
and muzzle, l)lackish ; fore-feet, blackish spotted witii en'aui-buflr.
a large white patch on the shoulders and a smaller on the |H)r*t-
erior aspect of the thighs; sides of l>ody and parachute w;i.shed with
bufl: white; a white patch Indow tiie eye: tlu- whole up|-T swrfju'e
mingled dull black and whitish ; the base of eaeh individual hair. ;:n«y,
the central portion buff or butf-white. extreme edge of >u-oinitaui»iin
tawny. Below as in males.
The males agree in colour with topotyjH'.-, of (,'. jnimHu^l : the fellUile^
reseni])le females of G. ^H'liiti^iiL-v, Thomas.^ but aiv gri'ver aWtw «Ji<l
brighter Ijelow.
*^ l'i-ocee(llii<,'.s of the Academy of N'atnml Si-ivnces of ri.iln.l. li.l.;
1). 323.
t " l'rotoi< lint's of the AViishinffton .VcaiK-iny ■/ <•:-—--
p. 236.
I " Sinitlisonian Miscelliinoous Collections.," vol. \iv . .\..> . i.i^'. ,■ —
§ " Auual« and Mii-azine ef Nattmil History." wr. 8, yo\. ii.. \W», r SW.
isy
The following collector's external measurements of specimens from
the neighbouring island Aor are available :
? *
?.
?.
?•
$.
Head and body ...
385
383
330
384
327
Tail
240
213
223
211
180
Hind-foot
54t
54
53
49
46
Ear
16t
17
16
17
16
It will be seen from the table below that some discrepancy exists
Ijetween the foot and ear dimensions of the two series, but these mea-
surements taken on the dried skins of the last two individuals are larger
than those given by the collector.
Cranial measurements of the two adult females, however, are prac-
tically those of the type of (r, aoris, Miller, save that in both instances
the figures for mandible and mandibular tooth-row are somewhat less.
Selangor Museum No. ...
Sex ...
Head and body ...
Tail
Hind-foot ...
Ear
Skull, greatest length
Condylo-basal ,,
Basal length
Lateral palatal length
Palatal width at front of
1st incisor
Palatal width at space
between canine and 1st
premolar
Distance between inner
edges of posterior molar
Least distance from orbit
to anterior nares
Zygomatic breadth
Greatest orbital breadth . . .
Least interorbital breadth
Mastoid breadth ...
Mandible
Depth of mandible between
canine and 1st premolar
Depth of mandible through
coronoid process
Maxillary tooth-row
Mandibular tooth-row . . .
2321/10
2322/10
2324/10
2320/10
$
$
?
?
312
323
353
358
188
203
230
220
54
54
59
59
20
19
21
20.5
63
63
66.3
68
59.5
59.9
63
64
56
56
59
59.6
29.2
30
30.1
30.5
11.2
11.2
12
12.5
17
19.8
20.7
...
12.8
13.8
...
...
22.3
22.4
23
24.6
36
38
40
40.9
42
43
40.9
16
15.8
17
15.3
28
28.6
30.1
• . .
47.6
46
45
49
5.4
6
5.5
5.2
21
17.5
18.5
20
30.1
31.3
31
31.1
31
31.8
30
32
T^jfe of
G. aor is.
385
240
54 t
16 t
67
63
58
30.4
12.4
20.4
15
23
40
40.3
17.4
30
50
6.6
20.4
31.6
33.4
* Type of G. aor lit, Miller.
t From dried skin .
(Since specimens I'rom tli.- I'.'ili.'ntiiiii>. I'ulan Aur iiu.l th.-
Lanf^'kawi Ljroup appear to be insepanil.l.' I liuv*- ub4fi tlw imiiM'
applied to animals from thf latt^-r ^'roiip as it lias priority uvit
G. aoris).
TII'AIA iFI:KKI (MNKAl uHStlUv.
Kloss, Ann. ami ^[al|. Nat. Hisl. (H) vii., p. lit;, lull
Type. — Adult male (skin ami skull). No. -Jiirt' !<•. .Si.-l.iuK.»r
Museum, collected on Great Kedan^' Island, t>fl' Tn-nu'^uiui, wuit
coast of the Malay Peninsula, *2nd Si|pt<iiilH r. I'M", l.v C. Itnlfn
Kloss. Original No. 3708.
Chakacters. — Closely resemltU's T. hilniuji i-l, W'a^l., «ii Bunuali
and Tenasserim, Imt is smaller, tiic up|H'i- surfarc is hliu'litl\ nion-
tawny, the buif shoulder-stripes nuieh lar<,'t'rand niurf di.stinct ainl tlic
under-surface of the tail yellower. From T. j. nilkiiiMini, Kol». A
Kl.,* of Trany:, it is immediately separahlf liv its less rufou.s rump,
paler under-surfaee, and paler, less Idackish, tail. The latter aJHo
is alone sufficient to distinguish it from the dark«'r and shorter- tailixl
T. lacerioata, T. & "\V.,+ of the Langkawi and Terutau group.
Colour. — Entire upper-parts a s^x^ckle of huflf and Idaek slightly
Avashed with tawny on rump and thighs, iielow, cream-lMifT tiiiginl
lemon yellow on throat and along median line of alMhniien : the
margins of abdomen like sides but paler and not anuuhited. Sides of
neck and behind ear, pale buff, this coloiu- e.xtending «)ver th«- upjwr
shoulder in the form of a striix'. Tail above a gri/.zl«' of buff- white
and black not concoloiu-ous with the rump, but blacker and less tawny ;
Ijelow the yellow predominates, the short hairs clutliing the vertebm*
being pure pale Imtt-white.
Skull and Teeth.— Viewed from alK)ve the skull e.\u4tly r>-s«Miible>»
that of T. helangeri (as figured by Anderson, Zoul. Ke.^i'urehes. vol. ii.
plate 7) save that the extremity of the rostrum is a little bnmder.
Viewed laterally the interorbital region is depr»'ssed and the outline
of the cranium more curved, the entire (x-cipital region U-iiig U-ut
downwards. Compared with skulls of the ftrriKjinta group from the
Peninsula and islands south of Lower Tenasserim it is suuiller. IwvniK
the rostrum consideral)ly reduced in length, but there Ih uo uppnvi-
able difference in that portion of the skull posterior to. and iueludiug
the orbits. The teeth differ merely in size.
Measurements.— Collector's external meusui-ements of ty|*: head
and bodv, 173; tail, ir.7 ; hind-foot. 40; ear. l-'.. Cmuial nu^-un..
nients: greatest length, 48; tip ..f nasi.ls to po.tenor eitn-imty of
skull, 45.4; basal length, 42: palatal length. 2:..s ; la.h.v"al not. h
to tip of premaxillarv. 20..; : breadth of rostrum at nuddle of diastenw.
7: least interorbital brea.lth. 14: gn-atest eranml bmidth. I'M.
zygomatic breadth, 25.8.
Specimens Examined.— Sixteen, all fro m the tyi>e j^ocalil^
^^"^o^ri^fof 7l.7Fe(lerHT^(T Nliilay'stntea Mu'senm.," rol. ir p. 17J mh
t •' Aimal.-s ami Matr,.zine of X»tun.l Hi.torv." .cr. 8, rul. Jr., I ■
p. 535.
190
Remarks. — This species is very different from Tupaia ferrufjinea,
Kaff., T. pidonli<, Miller,* and T. sordida, Miller,t all members of the
ferr lujin ea group.
lu some examples the tail is much greyer thau the back but never
attains the dark colour of the other Peninsular tree-shrews. The type
specimen has almost entirely renewed its coat but traces of the old
pelage are to be seen on the back in the form of mingled ochraceous and
black patches, contrasting with the buffy annulations of the fresh hairs :
the lemon wash on the lower- surface occurs in a few individuals only,
the predominating colour below being cream-buff to deep buff.
The short skull and dull pelage of this animal ally it with the
distant T. helaugerl of Burmah and markedly distinguish it from
T. ferruginea, its nearest geographical neighbour.
TUPAIA (rERRIGIXEA) LONGICAVDA.
Kloss, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vii., p. 117, 1911.
Type.— Adult female (skin and skull). No. 2296/10, Selangor
Museum, collected on East Perhentian Island, oft' Trengganu, east
coast of the Malay Peninsula, 8th September, 1910, by C. Boden Kloss.
Original No. 3517.
Charactees. — Resembles T. femiglnea from Singapore and the
Malay Peninsula, but has the tail almost always longer than head and
body and therefore much longer than the tail of T. femiyinea : further,
differs in being lighter and less rufous above and distinctly yellower
below, lacking the greyish tone of T. ferruginea, in having the feet
and tail paler, the latter l)eing very yellow below and above buff and
black, instead of buff-white and black and in the spread of the buffy
colom' of the throat up the sides of the neck and Ijehind the ear to
meet the shoulder-stripe.
In the colour of its dorsal pelage it closely resembles T. f. ivilkiti-
soni from Trang, but in other respects differs from this as it does from
Singapore individuals.
From T. sordida, Miller, of Tioman Island, it differs in being paler
above through possessing less of the black element, in having the
under-parts and under-surface of tail l)iiffy instead of greyish and also
in longer tail and larger shoulder-stripe.
Colour. — Top of muzzle and head, fore- and hind-feet, finely
speckled black and buff, the fore-feet rather lighter ; remaining upper-
parts mingled black and ochraceous bixt paler on the sides, the rump
tinged with tawny but Ijecoming blackish above the base of the tail.
Below, buff"- white to birff', the margins of the abdomen similar in colour
to the sides of the body but much paler and not annidated. I'rom the
tliroat the buff colour extends over the sides of the neclv to ])ehiud the
ears and forms a well-defined stripe on the upper parts of the shoulders.
Tail a grizzle of black and pale butt", nuich paler below, where the short
hairs clothing the vertebrae are pure pale buff.
* " Smithsoiiiaii Miscellaneous Collections," No. 45, Nov. 1903, j), 56.
t " Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences," vol. ii, Aug. 1900,
p. 231.
I'.'l
Skull and Teeth.- Tin- .skulls .,f '/'. h.,nj„;u„h, a.v .i .r.fl..
smaller m all dhneusions tluiu those ai T. fWrmjiura. I.ut tin- ..i,lr
constant diffeivme in fornx tl.iit I ran (l."t,s-f is that tl... |«UatttI
foramina are notably l.roader in the fonii.-r : this .liff.Tfnce in, liowi.vc.r,
so marked and uniform that the sknlls of th.- two H|>«v>ra tin,
immediately separable l)y it alone. The ttvtii ure u litth- «in.iller: the
reduction is most perceptilile in the posterior up|H.r niohir
Measurements.— Collector's external meiisureiiieuth ul tvi*.; \u-ad
and body, 178; tail, 192; hind-foot. U: ear. ]«;. Cnmial minuiun'.
ments: greatest leu^^h, 51.7; hasal len^'th. U.7; tip of naMul.* t.i
posterior extremity of skull. 48.2: palatal len'j;th. 27; la.hrymal notch
to tip of premaxillary, 22.1 : breadth of rostrum at middle of dia«teiiia.
6.5; least interorbital breadth. 14.4; Ljreatest cranial bnmdth. 1'.».5;
zygomatic breadth, 26.2 ; breadth of conil)ined palatal foramina. 4.
Specimens Examined. — Twenty-four from East and one from
West Perlientiau Island.
Remarks. — The black colour on the rump |H)S8ess»Ki by the i\]ni \»
frequently absent, the under- parts vary from buffy-wliite t«» lemnn
yellow, and the short hair, clothing the lower side of the tail, from
buffy-white to pale ocliraceous.
The long tail, wliich generally exceeds the l.-iigth of head uiid
body, renders the species conspicuous. It needs no comparisou with
T. lacernata, which is a small member of the same suft-group. nor with
the yery different T. helatigeri and T. (ihscnm \ with exception of the
tail it is in all dimensions, botli body and cranial, a trifle smaller than
the typical form inhabiting Singapore.*
I have not been able to compare T. Joiuilrtnnii with s)HH-ini(>uii of
T. pulonis, Miller, from Aor Island, foun(h'd on two examples only.
The latter race is said to l)e {larger than T. ferrii>jiii»'(t. but the cruniiil
measurements of the type are consideral)Iy less than thos«« of nuuiy
Singapore animals, though the collector's external mejuJun-mentH
are, as Miller states, considerably larger. As the tail xn sliorter tluin
the length of head and lioily. the colour of the fmck that of T. Jr-rnhjinf^t.
and the rostrum relatively l>roader and more robust than th.- latt^-r.
the Perlientian Island aniinal does not aj.pear to n.i-d elos4« com|Niriiiuu
with it.
Of the numerous; species of T///'<»/<' whi.-h I havi« colhvtiMi
personallv, T. longimiKJa with T. nirohnrini. /♦•lelmr. and itii »ul>-
species T. (N.) snrda, Miller, f alone are truly arl)on'al in habit. An a
rule the so-called "tree-shrews " an' se<m and trap|NHl on the (rn>un«i
where thev live and feed. or. at most. «'limb o.-ca.Hionally into low
bushes: in them the tail is shorter than th.' h.-ad and \»hU Imirlh.
The above-named animals, which an' m«'t with i;
have the habits of squirrels, all posse.ss ;t ».iil fl> 'f i- •
than the length of hea<l and body.
* Auininls t'rom ilio ndjncent iiininlniul .il Ti-«-iik'ir.<iiii •
but I have compared T. Im>,jicnu,l,i with tlie to|>.i«yi>.« a* n '
the latter is available. ^ ^^
t " Proceedings of the United States Nationul MinK-nm." »<>!. «tiT, 1901 p. 771
Oct., 1911.
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Kloss, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vii., p. 117, 1911.
Type.— Adult male (skin and slcnll), No. 2573/10, Selangor
Museum, collected on Grreat RedanLC Island, off Trenggan\i, east coast
of the Malay Peninsula, 81st August, 1910, by C. Boden Kloss.
Original No. 3369.
Characters. — A large member of the sub-genus Crocidara, larger
than C. fidiginnm and darker above. Approaching in size C. lejyi-
tJiira, Lyon,* of Eastern Sumatra, though with a i-elatively smaller foot,
but larger than any other Sumatran or Indian form of the section.
About the same size as the Bornean C. halnensh, Thos., t but with
smaller tail and foot, and less dense fur.
Colour. — Above, dark ashy-brown, the bases of the hairs dark-
grev, each hair about 6 mm. long ; below, ashy-brown to ashy-grey,
palest on the throat, the bases of the hairs grey, rather lighter than
the bases of the dorsal hairs ; sides of body and abdomen very
slightly frosted by whitish tips to the hairs ; the lateral glands of the
males concealed by patches of adpressed hairs (9x4 mm.) ashy -brown
throughout ; ears clad with very fine hairs ; feet dark above, the
inner edges paler, scantily covered with short dark hairs ; the terminal
phalanges of the hind-feet with a few white hairs overhanging the
nails ; tail finely annulated, dark-brown above paler below, clad with
minute adpressed bristles throughout, the basal half with a few long
pale hairs : vibrissse with white ti])s and black bases, the longest
about 20 mm.
Skull and Teeth. — I can detect no difference other than that of
size between those of the Redang Island shrew and the skull and
teeth of others from the Peninsula mainland.
Measurements. — For measurements of type and other specimens
obtained see table below :
Specimens Examined. — Three (one in alcohol), all from the type
locality.
Remarks. — There are no traces of lateral scent glands in the
single female obtained. This island shrew is exceeded in size amongst
known Indo-Malayan sj^ecies of the sub-genus by C. lepidura and
approached by C. haluensls only. It is considerably larger than the
largest Crocidtira inhabiting the Malay Peninsula, which is about the
same size as C. iveheri, Jentinck,:]: from Singkarah (near Padang),
Sumatra.
* " Proceedings of the United States Nat. Mus.," vol. xxxiv., 1908, p. 662.
t " Annals and Magazine of Xatnral History," ser. 7, vol. ii., Sept. 1898, p. 247.
X Weber, " Zool. Ergelm. Reis Niederland Ost-Indie," 1890, i., p. 124.
I'.i:.
Measurements of CntciiJunt
iniijitr :
f 9 )
!»'.
'••7
W
11
1 .-, :,
( 1 ; ^
10.5
|o
1(.;,
'lU
2:{
.».i •
'■i\ 1 ,
•i\
2<i.:»
■jM 1
1' 1 .
10.7
lo
In
■ ' ■
4.7
\y>
t 7
■ ; 1
H.l
7.>^
-
■ '
10.7
lot;
In.-.
1 ' ■
11.1
lo.s
lo.:.
( I'.yj
IU.2
'.».!»
\yi
( »2>
Selaugor Museum No.
Sex
Head and bodv
Tail ...
Hind-foot
Ear
Cranium, .i;-reatest len^'tli (c.x-
cludin*; incisors)
„ basal len^tli
l)alatal ..
„ lachrymal l)readth of
rostrum ...
„ {greatest ante-orbital
breadth ...
„ „ c r a n i a 1
breadth . . .
Entire maxillary tooth-row (in-
cluding incisors)
„ mandibular „ „
SCIURVS (VITTATIS) SCOTTII.
Kloss, Ann. and Mtuj. Nat. Hixt. (8), vii.. \>. 117. I'.'l 1
Type.— Adult female (skin and skull). No. •2o7m lo. .S-Uii;.'or
Museiun, collected on Bedung Island, off TrtMiggiuiu. fjwt ctuut of tlu-
Malay Peninsula, 'JPth August, l!»10. by C. JJodcn KIosh. Oriuinal
No. 3360.
Charactkrs. — Like Si-tnrn.< iuiniaf'i», Millfr.+ but .xmalliT, uLm.
paler and duller above, the yellow element J»eing jmle >>uff mtber tl«n
ochraceous-buff ; below the nifous colour ♦•xt»'n<linu' fartlwr up th««
throat and everywhere consj.icuously sown wiih wliitr hiiiri*; dark
lateral stripe reduced and less intcn^*.-, the buff .Htri|»' imm>wi»r
and paler.
CoT,ouu.- -Upper-part .s a siK-cklc of nicdium l.uff and blnc-k. tin*
s])eckling l»eing al»sent or nuidi finer on sid.-s ..f head and n.-^-V. 'hiii.
fore-limbs and hind-feet, where thr black element undep^'o.-. n-.bi.ti.m
and the buff is l)righter : an iK-hmoeous ring round tlie vyem and th«'
ears tinged with that colour.
Under-i)arts bright nifmis ( burnt >ienna), oxtcMiding U-yond tU-
whorl of hair on the throat almost to the lip!* and owrrwliriv
sprinkled Avith white hairs.
Upper lateral stripe crean.-biifT and u.irrow (^T* ww) ■ tI-» lowrr
stripe dull black, tipped and aniuilated with the nibnin of •
with which coh>ur it is gr.idually overlai.l •'"• • ".•
extremely narrow and adjacent to the buff
* MeusinciiuMits in i.areiitl. '" »« »«*«'^ * "'
Scninnggrol, Larut, IVnik. (S.M '>• ^ , i i, i.,,i
t " Proceediugs of the Washington Academy uf Sckncw, vv4. ii, Jul; , U-W.
p. 7t».
19(3
Tail coarsely animlated with black and pale buff, paler than the
hack, the anuulatioiis forming obscure black bands on the upper-
siu'face ; under-surface much yellower and less black. A rufous
pencil covers the distal half of the lower surface but is not so extensive
above where its hairs are tipped and annulated with black.
Skull and Teeth. — As compared with S. miniatus, Miller, the
skull of S. scottii is very much smaller and the rostrum is relatively
shorter and blunter. The nasals do not, as is the case with the main-
land race, frequently have their posterior terminations (which are
serrated, and not V-shaped in combination) markedly in front of those
of the premaxillaries but both ai'e practically cotemiinous, thus their
median length is relatively greater and they are often actually
broader posteriorly. Viewed from above the occipital region is more
swollen and three distinct protruberances are visible on the walls of
the supraoccipital bone where a central one only can be detected from
the same point of view in miniatus. The jrmctions of the lateral and
posterior edges of the frontal bone are subangular. The teeth only
differ in size.
Measurements.— Collector's external measurements of type : head
and body, 187; tail, 180 ; |hind-foot, 44; ear, 17. Cranial measure-
ments : greatest length, 45.1 ; basal length, 38.3 ; palatal length, 20.6 ;
diastema 10.3; maxillary tooth-row, 8.9; median length of nasals, 12.6 ;
greatest breadth of combined nasals, 6 ; interorbital breadth, 16.8 ;
cranial breadth above roots of zygomata, 21 ; zygomatic breadth, 27.7.
Specimens Examined. — Eight, all from the type locality.
Kemarks. — The small size of this squirrel, together with its lighter
upper-parts rediiced lateral stripe and white- sprinkled abdomen,
strongly differentiates it from its relative occupying the adjacent
district of Trengganu and the greater part of the Peninsula.
It is named in honour of Mr. W. D. Scott, British Agent, Trengganu,
whose assistance greatly facilitated and largely made possible my visit
to the islands of the Trengganu Archipelago.
SCIURUS (VITTATUS) PLASTICUS.
Xloss, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vii., p. 117, 1911.
Type.— Adult female (skin and skull). No. 2159/10, Selangor
Museum, collected on Great Redang Island, off' Trengganu, east
coast of the Malay Peninsula, 1st September, 1910, by C. Boden
Kloss. Original No. 3399.
Characters. — Lilce Scuirus miniatus but smaller, with paler upper-
parts and tail and narrower black lateral stripe. Like S. scottii but
with the buff element greater in quantity above and the dark lateral
stripe more clearly defined, the rufous of the under-parts not extending
so near the lips, the white hairs practically absent on the abdomen and
the caudal pencil reduced in extent.
Colour.— Upper-partii a speckle of medium buff and black, the
former in excess, the speckling being absent or very fine on sides of head
and neck, chui, fore-limbs and hind-feet, which appear greyish buff : an
obsolete ochraceous ring round the eve.
197
Under-parts ])ri-ht rufotis (Ininit siemia), this .-olour .•xteudiiiK
but little l>eyoud the whorl of hair on the thnjat.
Upper lateral stripe cream-buff (7 iiim. wI.U-k ll».- luw.-r, «iri|«i
black, slightly ;,n-izzled witli odiraceous and narru\v.-r than the uthf-r.
Tail coarsely auuulated l)lack and pale buff, i>aler tlum th.- W-k,
the annulations forming obscure cross-liars on the upjjer-Hiirfiue : thi-
imder- surface much more bufty than Idack. A rufous iM-ii.-il ••xt.-iidh
distally along one-third of the under-surfa<-e, luit is r.'du.M-d aU.v<;
where its hairs are tipped and annulated with Idack.
Skull and Teeth. — The skull of S. phixticn^ is in geneml a
small form of 8. miniatus, with relatively longer nasals Iw'twwn which
and the premaxillaries intrude wedges of frontal bone. The posterior
tenninatiou of the combined nasals is V-sha}>ed, so that their niediniii
length is the minimum nasal length. Proportionately a much greater
extent of the premaxillaries is visible on the upjxM- surbu-e. (ienenillv
the lateral and posterior edges of the frontal form a curve at th»'ir
points of junction. The skull is larger than that of .S'. urutfil, with a
markedly longer rostrum : the teeth .scarcely differ.
Measurements. — -Collector's external measiuvments of ty|M' : head
and body, 183 ; tail, 185 ; hind-foot, 48 ; ear, 16.5. Cranial measure-
ments : greatest length, 46.2; ))asal length, 4() ; palatal length, 22;
diastema, 10.6 ; maxillary tooth-row, 8.5 ; median length of nasals,
13; greatest breadth of comlmied nasals, 7; inter-orbital breadtli. 17.2 ;
cranial breadth al>ove roots of zygomata, 21 ; zygomatic Im-adtli. 2S.
Specimens Examined. — Thirteen, all from tlic tyi)c hxality.
.MITATION -1.
Example.— Adult female (skin and skull). No. 214:», lU. 8elaagor
Museum. Original No. 3389. Other details as alKive.
Characters and Colour.— Like the t\i.e but tiic u|.|Hr-|«irts
throughout brighter, the yellow elenient U-ijig buff and in cvcess of
the Ijlack ; below, the rufous colour slightly less intense ; pale latenil
stripe similar, but the dark stripe much reduced and strongly grizzled,
almost obscured l)y the rufous (u-hraceous tijts of its haii-s.
Measurements. — For measiu-ements ««•»• p. 204.
Specimens with this aitkakaxce.— Ten, all l'n>m the fy|«'
locality.
Mri'MliiN j.
ExAMi'LE.— A<lult female (skin an. I skull). No. 214<M(». S-hiugor
Mu.seum, collected 3rd SeptemlnT. 1:»1<». Original No. 3«;9l. Other
details as above.
Character and C<)1-<>ik.— Above mingled black and int.-n.M' buff,
the latter so greatlv in excess as to pro«lu.-e a general golden effei-l
the upper-surfiK-e of head mhnueous-buff. brightest on the .xciput
Ears, ring round eves, fore- and hind-fivt .Hhraceous ; cheeks, .hin aud
sides of head and'neck clear buff ; uuder-jKirts rufous; Utenil ntripo
pale buff (5 mm. wide), dark lateral striiH- entiivly absent : tail alwve
198
like hac-k Imt more coarsely annulated, the distal third rufous -tipped
and aunulated with black ; below, intense buff, the black annulations
almost absent, the distal half clear rufous.
Mkasueements. — For measurements see p. 204.
Si'BCiMKNS WITH THIS APPEARANCE. — Three, all from the type
locality.
Eemabks. — The squirrel of Great Kedan<:f Island is so extremely
variable that, but for a long range of intermediate examples, it would
be impossible to l>elieve individuals at either extreme of the series to
l)e of the same race and locality. A specimen most resembling forms
prevailing throughout the Peninsula area has been chosen for the type,
but at the same time, having regard to the unusual conditions of the
animal, it has been thought desirable to define the appearance of
others.
These are at present only stages of evolution, but — on the principle
that when an animal, as a whole, commences to show in one direction all
degrees of variation from the normal it will, if undisturbed and un-
interrupted, eventually assume altogether the appearance of the extreme
variation — the most extreme form will at some future day be typical
of the race. In S. proteus of the Perhentian Islands, which follows,
the tvu-niug point has been already attained and the majority of the
animals there are now of the abnormal pattern.
It is open, nevertheless, to choose one of the other forms described
lor the typical animal, since, however, the case be regarded, it .is an
incontrovertable fact that the Redang Island squirrel is now a very
distinct race and is on the way to become still more so.
The different animals are, however, only varieties, and the case of
the island species is not analogous with that of *S^. vittatus in the
Peninsula, where there occur three forms, 8. miniatus, Miller, 8. pen-
inxularis, Miller,* and 8: subMeus, T. & W., which, although they
overlap and mingle on the borders of their distribution, are yet good
geographical races.
The appearance of the extreme variety of this squirrel may be
explained by erythrism, but in no other member of the vittatus group
has this process been carried so far as to have brought about the com-
plete disappearance of the dark lateral stripe. Save in East Perhentian,
wliere the results of variation are equally marked, I do not think any
other island so small can be cited in which a single race of squirrel
exhibits so large a range of pattern and colouration.
SCIURUS (VITTATUS) PERHENTIANI.
Kloss, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vii., p. 118, 1911.
Type.— Adult male (skin and skull), No. 2,172/10, Selangor
Museum, collected on West Perhentian Island, off Trengganu, east
* It is unfortunate that this name has been applied to the race it represents,
for the doniinent Peninsular representative of S. rittatux is S. viiviatus.
mil
coast of the Malav Peninsula, lltli S.'i.(.'iiilMr. ll»l<», l.y C. IkxVn
Kloss. Orij^nnal No. 36Ui».
Characters. — Like (S. iiilniKliis l»ut sniallt-r and paler tlirou'/liout.
owing to the yellow element 1»eiug greater in (jiiantity and of a lighter
buff while the annulations are nmeh coarser ; rul"t)us nf alKJoiaen and
tail slightly less intense, the mider-sin'face dI' tail yt-Uowcr and tin-
Jjencil redu(;ed in extent; llie pale lattial stii|ic liroadt-r and of a
deeper buff, and the dark stripe, tlioiigli npially limad, a lehH dear
lilaclv.
Like ■/S'. scottii and S. i>ladlcUH Imt a iiltlr larger; tin- hutV nt tin-
iippei'-surface deeper and the tail yellower; the j)ah' lateral striji*'
l)roader and dee])er in tint, the dark lateral stripe Macker and iinm'
defined than in ;V. xratfii and broader and k'ss oitscured than in S.
2dastici()>.
Colour.— Upper-parts a coarse si)eckle ol' ImlT and liia<k : the
speckling being much reduced or absent on toj) of muzzle, sides uf head
and neck, chin, fore-lim]>s and hind-feet which are a dull liuff ; an
ochraceous buff ring round the eyes.
Fnder-parts tawny rufous, extending Iml little U-yond the w hurl i»f
hair on the throat.
Upper lateral stripe medium-buff ( IK mm. wide), the lower strijie
black (9 nun. wide), slightly grizzled with ochnK-eous and tawny.
Tail coarsely annulated with bhick and medium butt, paler than the
back, the annulations forming obscure broad bands on the up|>er-
surface: the under-surface nuuh yellower and less black. A nifous
pencil extends along one-third the lower side, but is much redu<-ed
on the upper-surface where its hairs are tipi)od and annulated ^Mth
black.
Skull ani> Teeth.— Like S. plnstlni^ in breadth but longer, with
the combined nasals broader anteriorly, while posteriorly the termina-
tion is sometimes V-shaped, sometimes irregular ; in the latter chanu-tor
resembling S. mlnkdns, but the nasals are l)roader anteriorly and the
skull is smaller; the lateral and posterior edges of the frontal Innie
form a marked angle at their points of junction and the l>one extends
further behind the s\ipra-orl)i(al processes than is the ca.se with ti.
■plasticiis.
No detailed (•omi)arison is neede.l with the smaller short-n..>ed and
relatively broader skull of N. .•"•'»////.
Measurements.— Collectors external meaHUivment.- of tyj^-: head
and body, 188; tail, 172; hind-foot. ^^^^ ; ear. ItJ.-x Cranial meuMin-
uieuts: greatest length. 47.3; basal length. 40.S» : i«bit4il length. 23 :
diastema, 1L2 ; maxillary tooth-row. 9; median length of nu»«l.s. 1-k.U;
greatest breadth of conibined nasals. 7.2 ; inter-orbital bn-adth. 17.2^;
cranial breadth above roots of zygomata, 20.8 ; /.ygoniatic brtni<Uh. 2H.2
200
Specimens Examined.— Twenty-nine, all from the type locality.
Kemarks. -Its slightly smaller size and paler colouring sufficiently
separate this race from the mainland animal, while diiferences in size
and colour of the upper-parts, and the more marked lateral stripes,
distinguish it from the other allied forms of the Trengganu Archipelago.
SCIUIIUS (VITTATUS) PROTEUS.
Kloss, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vii., p. 118, 1911.
'Pype.— Adult male (skin and skull), No. 2094/10, Selangor
Museum, collected on East Perhentian Island, off Trengganu, east
coast of the Malay Peninsula, 13th September, 1910, by C. Boden
Kloss. Original No. 3645.
Characters.— Smaller than 8. miniatus; differs from S. perhen-
tlaul in being much paler above, while below the rufous is replaced by
buff" ; the dark lateral stripe much obscured by the buff tips of
the hairs.
Differs from H. latesceus* Miller, of Sirhassan Island, and other
allied races of Natuna Islands squirrels in possessing a notable rufous
pencil to the tail.
Colour. — Upper-parts a coarse speckle of pale buff' and black, the
buff' being in excess : sides of head and neck, chin, fore- and hind-
limbs almost pure pale buff' but dulled by the visible grey bases of the
hairs, fore- and hind-feet clearer and less grey : a buff ring round
the eyes.
Under-parts buff, palest on throat, axillae and limbs (cream-buff) ;
darkest on chest and down the median line of the abdomen (intense
buff').
Pale lateral stripe cream buff (7-8 mm. wide), hairs of dark lateral
stripe with blackish bases and buff tips, the general colour impression
thus produced being a dark yellowish grey.
Tail, above, coarsely anuulated black and pale buff, the annulation
forming obscure bars ; below, pure buff like the abdomen near the base,
elsewhere with the black grizzling much reduced. A rufous pencil
extending one-third up the tail below but much less above, where it is
tipped and annulated with black.
In females the inguinal mammae are surrounded by patches of
white hairs about 13 mm. in diameter.
Skull and Teeth. — The skull is like that of 8. perhentiani but is
a little smaller, the combined nasals are narrower and have a regular
V-shaped termination, and the angle formed by the sides and posterior
edge of the frontal bone is less obtuse owing to the greater breadth of
the latter.
As compared with S. plasticus, than which it is both a little longer
and narrower, the terminations of the nasals are rather more anterior
* " Proceedings of tlic Wasliington Academy of Scicuces," vol. iii., p. 124, 1901.
201
to those of the preniaxilhiries ;uul tin- jiiiKtion of nidi's iiiid poht^-rior
edge of the frontal is aii<,'ulai-.
No detailed comparisou is lu't-dcd with llu- .snialltT. >li.)rt-nos«.d .md
relatively broader skull of S. xrntfii.
Measurements. — Collector's external nusisinvnicnth of tvi>«': iiead
and body, 191 ; tail, 165; hiud-foot, 43; ear, \7Ji. Cranial nieuKun*-
meats: greatest lenijjth, 46 ; l)asal length, 3!».l ; palatal l»'n'^,'tli, 21..');
diastema, 10.6 ; maxillary tooth-row, 9 ; nu'dian hnigtli of nasalH, \'.i ;
greatest breadth of combined nasals, 6.2 ; inter-orbital bivadth, 16.2 ;
cranial breadth above roots of zygomata, 21.3 ; zygomatic breadth, 27.
Specimens Examined. — Thirty, all from the tyj^*' locality. 'Ilic
series includes a number of specimens in which the buff of the che.-.t
and median abdomen is slightly tinged with tawny.
MIT.VTION I.
Example. — Adult female (skin and skull). No. 2124 lO, Selangor
Museum, collected 10th September, 191(». Original No. 3595.
Other details as above.
Characters and Colours. — Like the ty[K' Imt with the chest and
whole of the abdomen tawny buft" and under-sides of limbs intense buff.
Measurements. — For measurements gee p. 205.
Specimens with this appearance. — Ten, all from the iyyti-
locality.
MITATIOX J.
Example. — Adult male (skin and skull), No. 2134,10, Selangor
Museum, collected 10th September, 1910. Original No. 3584.
Other details as above.
Characters and Colours. — Like the ty^H' above l>ut with the
butt" annulations coarser; Ix'low, tawny ; the dark latenil stripe grizzh-d
and much obliterated over its whole extent by the rohmr of the
abdomen.
Measurements. — For measm'ements xer p. 2o.').
Specimens with this appearance. — Six, all from the ty{)e IcH-ality.
Ml T\TI(>N-.t.
Example.— Adult male (skin and skull), No. 21M» lo. Sflungor
Museum, collected 12th Sei)tem])er, I9l0. Ori-rinal No. Mi-^H.
Other details as above.
Characters and Colours. -Slightly paler than N. i>rrh,nl,.nn.
above; similar Indow but with tiie dark lateral strii^' grizzled with
ochraceous-butt" and reduced to a width of less than •". nun. by the
supei-ficial extension of the rufous alxlomen ; slightlv darker tlum
the typical S. proteus above, and otherwise very diffen«nt.
Measurements. — For measurements *»«•<• p. 206.
Specimens with this appearance.— Six. all from the t\\^ locality.
:iu2
Kkmajcks. — Tlie East B^iiesitian Isknd st^mrn?! ditfex* from the
Gresit Kedang animal in that — ^rfule in the latter e:i;se departxuies from
the ireneiallT pieTailinf &urm aie still in the minority — in Perbentiau
Idand it is the verr distinct and uausaally cok>iuvd animak that
alreadv predomin:»te, *and it therefore becomes nev.v*sary to take one of
the latter for the tvjw and regard the others a;* individuals in a stage
of eTolution.
The variation which this ^luimel and also S. jplta^iti«^ exhibat is
extraordinary, for the island of Great Bedang is perhaps ten square
miles in area, while East Perhentian is about half that sine only.
The species most resembling ^. j/>r*:4em:^ appears to occur on one
of the Katuna Islands, but each of wbat are ia P^rhentian Island
mere stages or varieties is parallelled bv a distinct gec^raphica! race on
one or other island of the Bomean groxip, each race there occxipying
an island by itself. *
The principal diJ96?rvnce betwee.: ^ nd these latter seems
to lie ia the ruf ous-pencilkd tail ^ -hich. in spite of its
pallid under-parts, allies it with the m*m*^*4>» bdraneh of the ritt<atii$*
group.
While mutations 2 and o closely resemUe mutation 2 of the Great
Ibedang squirrel tiie two species an? vet very distinct and different.
$CirRl~S OITTATTS WATSOXL
Kloss. Ann, and Ma^. Nat. HL^. 1 8 K vii.. p. 118, 1?11.
TrPK. — Adult male (skin and skull). Xo. 2085 10. Selangor Mu-
seum, collected on Xantingti Island, off Trengganu. east coast of the
Malay Peniosula, t>ai September. 1910. by C Boden Kloss. Original
IJo. S500.
Chauactkks. — ^Most nearly resembJbe^ o>. >w>;*!(«v,.«. 7 .^ v\' . ^
hut is smaller and paler above, the yeUow dement beii^ Kg'r.:- -. .rser
and present in greater qxantity, especmDhr on head, Kmbt ai: '
Ptencil of tail more defined and intense; Intend pale strife i^u
broader and daik^, du^ stripe much shtxta- and much obseured by
giinliiig.
CoiouR. — Upper-parts a ccarse sj^cUe of buff and Mack; the
black being much reduced or absent on sides of liead and neek, fore-
limbs and hrnd-fi?!^: an obsolete bnff ring rofund the ev^s; chin
and anterior pKHticHi of throat gievish-baff.
Under-parts soiled Oi:hiaceott$^ slightly tinged with tawny on the
chest and abdomen.
Upper lateral stripe medium buff (7. S mm. wide): ktwer strqie dull
black, about 10 mm. wide, stiongbr giioied and obecored by the buff-
tichraceous tips of the haiis and giadoalty blatdi^ with the colour of
the upper-parts round the poist^ior termnHidioB of the buff stripe.
13S (19M).
t''AimdteaBdMaig!«amecfXMiiidlHia!B»y,"s£r.S^ 410,
"x Jaanail «f Ok? Brdia»ned SGtJtas %i!%«SE<^~ tIj' rr_ ^ftx 1- Deic 1900, pc U&
Ilifla^ ftiefiair HsBilt fes!« a.brfT-t. _: -. .... _ .^_ ^
^cmx jLsrro TitTimm. — '^Th- fl-zM a<f >', ■intittHi/ini ■ ■■
5.. ^jii'r'i„iYi,.T'aj:i:,.. irM Ti!af» sii«^ ••. _
i^riis'M fiZifi ir !iire "^/: \^r : __. .:-.
^e^z HAts as^al iKands aire mMikeidlh' lomsfer.
^(0) eonq^aoiSBeBB. k imsefifed ^inittiki i^ -sua, --•! tmA 7<f^-
"irwEJiL'gi i nBHi'.w io':% ' 'IK — 'Ccilisw ■ — ascswnih- - ii-ii -
amil fcssdw, lS2u ffiailL 1^;; i_i- ^sur, I'fi-- tij-'o..—
nmHaHsmtts : jgn^atoear fen^ydk. -iSl-S •: ibatsail tangnih. -H.-* •; |iiLiB.tB^ i*ati?ti_
2LtS; ^astenmu 11:2: -wn^nT^My ■ ■ -~; ■ - S.?:: mafct: -.-•
lBeffidb&. 1<6L2; iraamiall ilnpftflsfliih :aftf«wfe myiis» of jyijiJHmiffiiL. i"ti--», i*-«f»-
^^dMBJii* ExAMcncim. — ^55i». ^s^ from itiie trye IvaiiifrT .
KffljHJLiass,- — nw f&spijwflrr ifitf tilim -sflaBnneil in 5iiP -
wiHwfliB wan iwiBwipuffiknTiii miiltlfa ^.. ^ftwui ■
iwftmiifA*; lotf ttihe Jtaboiw A:
ttW" UnD? Oil mT T35:" ■ " "
: ■ ^ininiii»miiii.T Wiswaiumwrnf (0«fflp<TiniiiiR.' S«. •»
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SCirurs (TKNM'IS) soltlMhl >.
Kloss, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vii.. j). ll'.i. 1:»11.
Type. — Adult female (skin and skullj, No. -Jlo? !•». .S•liln^'or
Museum, colloctod on (Irt'at K^'daiii,' Island, off Tn-n^,'),'aiiu, •'ii.st f(jii»it
of the Malay Pouiusulii. 'Jiul S<'].t«"iiil.. r. I'.tid, l.y ('. H,mI.-ii K'1«»hii.
Ori^iual No. 3720.
Characters. — A ionn of <S'. It'imix, iliaru<t»'ri>f<l l>y tin- muhH hkidl.
even and regular posterior t<*nniiuition.s of tli<' nasals and |ircniaxilhirit><i,
and by duller colour, closely resemhlini,' in tlit- latt«'r cliiinictfr .S. trniiin
surdiis, Miller, from Tran<^.*
Colour. — Upper-parts a speckle oi Mack and intMliuni-l»ufr (not
ochraceou.s-buif as iu S. ffimix tijj>irus), hrii^litrst on niu/./.l«' and lii'a«l.
A rinyj round the eye, Imft" (not buff-ocliraceous) : t-ars. ton-- and hind-
feet, a wash on sides of head, shoulders, t'on'-liuilis and tlii'/lis. jmIc
dull oehraoeous (not bright ochraceous).
Below, whitish-grey, suffused with crt'ani-liiitl" (palt-r than in N.
tenuis), strongest on lower tliroat, dit'st and uu'dian line of aUlonien.
Tail annulated black and l)uif, tlie bases of the hairs oehraeeoun-
buff, the tips buft-white ; ])ase of under-side butt' to bnff.«>dira«-eouH
(not ochraceous) : a scarcely perceptiltle lilack ]K>n('il.
Skull and Teeth. — The skidl and t«H'th generally resemble tho.ne
of 8. tenuis and S. t. mo-dii.^ but are smaller : the posterior terminatious
of the nasals and premaxillaries are prat-tically in a line, so that tho
sutiu*es run evenly and continuously with a slight curve from si«l««
to side, and their serrations are not long and ragged l>ut sliort and
regular. The median nasal length is generally the maxinnun ; iu
S. tenuis it is. owing to the jV-^^^'M'^'^ terminations of tlie combin«'d
nasals, frequently the mininunn.
Measurements. — Collector's ext«'rnal measuivments of tyi*^ : hi*atl
and body, 135; tail. 105; hind-foot. 31.5; ear. 13. Cmniiil measun'-
ments: greatest length. 30.3; basal length, 32.3; j)alatal lemrth. 1«;.2;
diastema, 7.8; maxillary tooth-row, 0.9; median l.-ngth of na.sjil^.
10.2 ; greatest breadth of combined nas«ils. 5.1 ; inter-orbital bnwlth.
12.2; cranial breadth al)ove the root.s of /ygomatn. 17.2: /.ygoiimtio
breadth, 22.
Specimens Examined.— Ten. all from the ty|H> l.Kabty.
Remarks.— The cr.mial characters of this island s.iuirnd s«'i«rato
it clearlv from oth(>r races of the same group. It is curi.>us to find
tliat it differs markedly in colour from tho briirht animal inhabiting
the adjacent mainland and n-sembles the (hdl-e.Kite.| N. /. *Hn/.M.
occupying a district on the wst coast considenibly to the north of
Ti'engganu.
• " Proioediiiirs of tli<' Wn.ohinpton Acailcmy of Science*," rol. ii. i» **''
Oct.. l»ti.
208
Moasiivemeuts of adult sciuiiTels of the Sclunts tennis group :
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Kloss, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hint. (H), vii., p. ll'.», I'.UI.
Type.— Adult male (skiu and skull), No. 22(X>/10, Relangor
Museum, collected on Great Redan^' Island, off TlH•n^,'^'alMl, .-aMt couwt
of the Malay Peninsula. 2nd S^'pt-MiilxM-. UMo. ],y (;. liodfn Klo«»«.
Orii,'inal No." 8«59R.
Characteks. — A lar<^t> nieiuhor of tlic niiii/'-r -^rouj), unt riMjuirin;;,
on account of its very rolmst skull, any cloKe coniimrison witli
allied fonns.
Colour. — Upj^er-parts ochracoous, clouded on s]i(iul«ifr>. I>a<-k and
I'ump with the dark brown tips of the spines, but (dear»'r on top of hrad
and almost pure on cheeks and sides of nock, fon'-linibs, sides an«l
thi<>hs : top of muzzle •yreyish -brown, sides white.
Under-parts white,' this colo\u- continued to f<ire-fe«'t down the
inner side of thij^dis, thouj^h not reaehinLf the heel, and extending
Ijeyond the throat and chin to lower cheeks, upj>er lip and sides <if
muzzle, where it includes the roots of many of the vittrissa- : scrotum
white. Viewed from below the yellow sides of head an<l n»H-k an- not
visible.
Fore- and hind-feet white above, tail Idack^above, paler at tip :
white below.
Skull and Teeth. — As compared with skulls of otlier s»;/yVr nits
that of M. (jrandi.'i is more robust and is t'si>e(ially remarkable for its
large and heavy rostrum which is mxich l»roader and deejier. als<i tlje
nasal bones are broader and the incisors heavier; there is a j,'reater
flare to the zygomatic arches and the infra-orbital plates (instead of
having their anterior edges perpendicidar or receding backwards from
above) slant forward considerably. The interpterygoi.l sj.aee {h
distinctly wider, but the molars do not differ notably, and as in all th.«
snrifer rats the palate is narrowest at the posterior molar.
Measurements. — Collector's external measurements of t\\>*' : hv.nl
and body, 204; tail, 188; hind-foot, 42 ; ear, 2:^. Cranial measun-nient«:
greatest'length, 49 (— )* ; basal length, 41.7 (43.t5) ; na.sal length. 19.8
( — ) . shortest distance between tip of nasals and hudirymal notch
20.4 (—); palatal length. 22 (22.7); diastema. 1:^.4 (14.7): molar
length, 7.5 (7.0) ; length of foramina, (i.9 ( 7.2) ; breadth .>f .onibin.Hl
foramina, 3.9 (4.0) ; zygomatic breadth. 21 (22.4) ; .ranial breadth. 17.2
(17.8) ; depth of rostrum at anterior e.xtremity of foramina. 9.3 (i>.6);
breadth of rostrunx midway l)etween heuselion and foramina, 8.0 (8.0).
Specimens Examined. —Fourteen, all fmm the tyiK' Kn-aHty.
Remarks.— The entire .series is in very abni.led jM-Ligeand the colour
given for the upper-parts must only U> n>garded a.s apprtuiumtely
correct. The robust skull and larg»' si/.e of this rat - immaturr-
individuals with unw,n-n teeth In-ing e.pial to fully grown adultn of
other races— i-ender it very distin.-t. antl it forms a notable exception to
the general nde that insidar races an' smalh-r than thos«> of the same
specie** iuliabiting the mainland.
* Mea8nio.noMt.s in pni-enthcses th.-so of n nmlo (.S.M. 2308/10. >^,th n.m
teeth from the type locahty.
210
IVirS (SURIFER) FLAVIGRANDIS.
Kloss, A7in. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vii., p. 119, 1911.
Type.— Adult male (skin and skull), No. 2220/10, Selangor Museum,
collected on East Perhentian Island, ofETrengganu, east coast of the Malay
Peninsula, 12tli September, 1910,hv C. Boden Kloss. Original No. 3628.
Characters. — In size sub-equal to M. (jrandh but with a slightly
larger hind-foot ; pelage somewhat brighter ; sides of muzzle and
lower cheeks yellow, not white ; white area of throat much narrower ;
scrotal area largely tawny. Skull generally similar but the nasals
extending posteriorly lieyond the lachrymal notch.
Colour. — Upper-parts ochraceous, clouded and darkened on
shoulders, back and rump with the dark brown tips of the spines, but
clearer on the top of the head and almost pure on cheeks and sides of
neck, fore-limbs, sides and thighs where it becomes buff- ochraceous ;
top and sides of muzzle greyish-brown,
Under-parts white, this colour continued to fore-feet and down the
inner sides of thighs but not quite reaching the ankles ; a slight
ochraceous gorget ; scrotvim partly ochraceous. Viewed from below
the yellow sides of head and neck are distinctly visible.
Fore- and hind-feet white above ; tail black above, paler at tip ;
white below.
Skull and Teeth. — The skull of Mas flnv'ujrandis resembles that
of Mas (jraiid'is save that the nasal bones are prolonged posteriorly
beyond the anterior edges of the lachrymal notches.
Measurements.- Collector's external measurements of type : head
and ]»ody, 208 ; tail, 180 ; hind-foot, 43 ; ear, 23. Cranial measurements :
greatest length, 48 (48.8) ; * basal length, 42 (43.5) ; palatal length, 22
(23) ; nasal length, 20.7 (20.8) ; shortest distance between tip of nasals
and lachrymal notch, 19.2 (19.9) ; diastema, 14 (14.8) ; molar row, 7.4
(7.8) ; length of foramina, 7 (7.^) ; breadth of combined foramina, 3.9
(4); zygomatic breadth, 21.5 (22.8); cranial breadth, 17.2 (16.8);
depth of rostriun at anterior extremity of foramina, 9.1 (9.9) ;
}»readth of rostrum midway between henselion and foramina, 7.4 (8.1).
Specimens Examined. — Nine, all from the type locality.
Remarks. — These specimens are in the same al^raded state as
the series of Mus fjrandis but they convey an impression of rather
greater brightness of the upper-parts. The relative positions of the
posterior terminations of the nasals and the shape of anterior roots of
zygomata, together with the narrower white throat and absence of any
pale area at the roots of the vibrissse render separation of this form from
Mus yrandis very easy. Though the pale vibrissse patches are not
uniformly pi-esent in individuals of all the other races of Mus surifer,
they are to be seen in the great majority of cases, and the entire
absence of these in Mas Jiaviyrandis is, for differential purposes, a
useful character, the l)est of which are, however, the great size and
robust skull as in Mus (jrandis, together with the peculiar nasal feature
above referred to.
* Measurements in parentheses those of a female with woni teeth from the
trpe locality, S.M. 2222/10.
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^ jH pH 1-1 f-H i-H f-H !-H ^ ^ _4 ^ ,— ,-- — —
oooooooc ^"^""""—"z-!-
7«(M(M71G^717^12i li! Zl 21 2' x! X - ^
Locality.
Great Redang
Islaml
East Perl lent ian
Island
Name.
1. c
tL i^ : : :: :
■r. ^
1 ^
212
MUS RATTUS JALORBNSIS, BoNU
Ciroat Redang Island. 11 <? 7 ? .
East rerhentian Island. 23 (? 13 ? .
Accept iug for the present Boiiliotes' name of Miis jalorensis as
applicable to all the white-bellied animals of the ratfus group occurr-
ing in the Malay Peninsula, I place these examples from tlie
Trengganu Ai-chipelago under the same title, and pending a thorough
examination and revision of the group, it may also cover the animals
inhabiting many of the adjacent Islands — i.e., Sibu, Jemor, the Laug-
kawis and Terutau — though certain small differences are perceptible
amongst all these.
From dimensions it would appear that the GTreat Eedang animal is
the smaller of the two, but the series consists of nine adult indi-
viduals only against 30 from East Perhentian Island :
Head
and body.
Kedang average ... ... 176.2
Perhentian „ 181.3
Redang maximum ... 183
Perhentian ,, ... 197
Eedang minimum ... 165
Perhentian „ ... 172
TRAGI'LUS RAVUS, Millek.
Great Eedang Island. 1 <? .
The single example obtained does not appear to differ in any
respect from the mainland animal. Collector's external measurements :
head and body, 405 ; tail, 65 ; hind-foot, 105 ; ear, 32. Cranial
measurements : greatest length, 88 ; basal length, 76 ; zygomatic
breadth, 39 ; least interocular breadth 26.
Tail.
Hind-foot.
Ear.
187.8
... 35.5 ..
20.4
200
... 35.6 ..
21.3
202
... 36
21
225
... 38
22.5
177
... 33.5 ..
19.5
193
... 34
20.5
NOTES ON TWENTY-THREE SPECIMENS OF PTEBOPUS
HYPOMELANUS LEPIDUS.
By KNUD ANDERSEN.
The series of Pt. hypomelamis lepidus on which the following notes
are leased is, thus far, the largest ever Ijrought together for examina-
tion on one spot. A brief account of the individual variations
exhibited h\ this series, chiefly as regards the colours of the hir, may
therefore be of some interest to specialists.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.
BiG:" Tambelan Island. —Three skins with skulls (two ^ ^^-^
one ? ad.), Aug. 9, 1899, paratypes of " Pteropus lepidus," Miller;
U. S. National Museum, 101,649] '50, '51.
PuLAu AoR.— One alcoholic with skull ( ? ad.), June, U. S. National
Museum, 112,404.
PuLAu TioMAN.— Three skins with skulls (all c? ad.), June, 1906,
and Sept.. 1907 ; Kuala Lumpur Museimi, 282, and B. M. 8, 1, 25, 2
and 8, 2, 25, 2.
Lantinoa Island.— Cue skin with skull ( ;■ -uIm.I. ). S-pt. •;. \\i\u
Kuala Lumpur Museum, 2,051.
Oreat Reuang Island.— Niiif skins witli skulls (four ^ aA ,
one (^ suhad., two? ad., two? subad.). Au^'. :n-.S'i.f 1. l;»l0:
Kuala Lumijur Museum, 2,056-2,060. and B. M. ll.l.:jo. 4-7
Perhentian Island.— Seven skins with skidls (two rf .id., two rf
subad., two $ ad., one ? sul)ad.), Sept. 9-1:3, H»l<> . Kuala [.iinipur
Museum, 2,047-2,050, and B.M. 11.1.30. 1-3.
Tlie nine specimens (P. Tioman, Great Rt'danj;. IVrhentiaii) m th.-
possession of the British Museum have l>eeu presented b\- the Govern-
ment of the Federated Malay States, throu;:li Messi-s H. C. Kobinw)n
and C. B. Kloss. The four from Bij; Tamltelan and Aor Ishind.-i wi-ii-
borrowed from the U. S. National Museum, thron^'h Mr. (»«Tnf
S. Miller, Jr., diu-ing the preparation of the B.M. Cataio;,Mi«- of
Megathiroptera. The remainiuj^ ten speeimeus (P. Tiouiau. Ijiintiujra.
Great Kedanir, Perhentian) are tlie property of the Kuala Lumpur
Museum and were sent to the British Museum for examination .md
identification.
The Tamlx'lau Islands {iy\Hi ItK-ality of l^f. h. lipKlnx) an- situ.it«d
in the S. China Sea, about midway Ix'tween Borneo and the soutlnMii
point of the Malay Peninsula. P. Aor and Tioman ilos*' toujether ofT
the south-east coast of the Peninsula; P. Lantiu^'a, Great Ketlun-^'.
and Perhentian close toji;ether off the east coast of the Peuinhulu (^at
Treuggauu), some 200 miles north of P. Tioman.
COLOUR OF BACK.
The darkest* specimens in the series have the kick .seal-brown or
blackish brown distinctly sprinkled witli light greyish (silvery-grpy,
white-grey) hairs ; though conspicuous, the gn'yish sprinkling im not
nearlv strong enough to obliterate the seal-brown e!»-m«'nt «if the
coloration, the general imjnvssion of the colour of tli*- lunk l>»Mng a
blackish or blackish brown tinge, thinly gri/./led with liu'lit ;,'r.v
* In ))onit of colour the i-xtrcme cnsteni raws of Pt. Uiffximt'
Ft. Ii. luteu;), from New Guinea, ami I't. h. hupomtluu'ii', from tin* (Jilol-. >m.ii|.>
are tlic most " ordinary- lookiuh'" forms of tins widely iliHtrilmte«l uml liiK'ily
rariublc species— i.e., the colours of the l)aek (approxiiimtely Proul's J>n>»rn).
mantle and inider-parts (odiraceous-lmff or sjime n'latc«l tin>f<')«rt< mH inm^ntijilK
different from those of many other siK'cies of iVtroj'"". ."^o far «« tlii« c«.l<Miri.'f
the fur are concerned, those eastern nicca may thorffon* U« itmoidorwl the K-««t
modified forms of the species. Pt. h. hpiilu* exhilnls two ini|.ormnt in.ii!ific«h..ti«
of the colours— riz., ( 1 ) a consi)icnoHS, often even excowiive. adniixtnrr of lijfht irrry
in the colour of the hack, and (2) a conMidi-rnl.le darkonintf «( tho Jirijrhi culmir ,4
the mantle and under-i)arts. h. descrihinjr the individual Mirinlioiw ..f ilio rolcwr
of the back in Pt. h. Irpidii^ it therefore ap|H>an« natuml Co i«m from tho d^trUtl.
backed specimens (those exhibitinir the thinnest ndmixturr of hVhi jfrry) «o th*
pn/f^^backed (stron;,'rst admixture of t'ny); and in describinjr th« T»ri*»iofi» of
the mantle and under-jwirts from the lifc'hte«f rxfrrmc (nramt r«fr«#) to the
darkest (.'specimens in which the onVinal brijfht oWour of the mmitk and und»r.
parts is jiartly or wholly replaced by darker ling»»).
214
(examples : Big Tainbelan, 101,651, paratype ; Perlieiitiau, 11.1.30.2
and 2,050 ; Great Redang, 2,059).
From tliis darkest extreme the colour variations go in three
directions : (1) the light greyish element is increased and the blackish
or seal-brown more and more suppressed in the same proportion ; or
(2) the blackish or seal-brown element is lightened into paler tinges
of brown ; or (3) both changes are combined.
By increase of the light grey (silvery grey, white-grey) and corres-
ponding decrease of the blackish (seal-brown) element the general
colour of the back is transformed into dark brown heavily mixed with
light grey (Tioman, 8.1.25.2 ; Perhentian, 11.1.30.1 and 2,047 ; Great
Redang, 2,057 and 2,060) ; into light mouse-grey (Tioman, 8.2.25.2 ;
Great Redang, 11.1.30.5) ; and from this through various intermediate
stages into the lightest extreme, in which the colour of the back may
be roughly described as light grey (silvery grey, white-grey, sometimes
with a wash of buffy) more or less thinly sprinkled with blackish (Big
Tambelan, 101,649, paratype ; Great Redang 11.1.30.7). The modifi-
cations take place by the seal-brown or blackish brown hairs being
gradually to a greater and greater extent replaced by * light grey
hairs. The darkest-backed and lightest-backed specimens are so
strikingly different in appearance that, if these only were known and
if they happened to have been obtained in different islands,- few
zoologists would hesitate to consider them distinct species.
Either independent of this gradual spreading of the light greyish
element, or, on the contrary, combined with same takes place, in some
specimens, a gradual lightening of the blackish or seal-brown element
itself. By this change the general colour of the back becomes some
tinge of dark brownish (between seal-brown and vandyck-brown) more
or less heavily mixed with grey (Perhentian, 11.1.30.1 and 3, 2,048);
or, by increase and further lightening of the greyish element, mouse-
grey or pale grey more or less strongly washed with vandyck brown.
Prout's brown, or mars-brown.
(Big Tambelan, 101,650, paratype; Aor, 112,404; Great Redang,
11.1.30.6 and 2,058). Finally, the mars-brown tinge may spread
over nearly the whole of the back, rendering the general colour light
mars-bro-wTa sprinkled with greyish (Lantinga, 2,051).
COLOUR OF UNDER-PARTS.
The palest extreme is represented by specimens with the whole of
the breast and belly dark cinnamon-rufous (palest, more golden, in the
* It is perhaps not unnecessary to say that, -whether the same iiidivichial
exhibits, during its life-time, various stages of liglitening of the coloxu- of the baek^
or wliether the colour once acquired is preserved essentially unmodified during the
life-time of the individual, is entirely unknown. When it is said above that the
blackish hairs are gradually "replaced by " light grey, it only means that, passing
from the darkest through many intermediate stages to the lightest specimens, it
is quite evident that the colom- of the latter is produced by a gradual increase of
the greyish and corresponding decrease of the bkckish elements.
centre) or ])etween this t-olmir and clu'stiuit. ainl tin. fimkh dark
chestnut or seal-brown (Grreat Kt;dan)^', 2,0ob, ".oi) ; LuntiuKii, 2,061).
In many specimens, however, the dark cht'stmit or <lj»'Htinit w^jil-lirown
tinj^e, instead of beiui; confined to the flanks, lias spread ovt-r a siiihIUt
or <^reater })ortiun of the sides of the lircast and Ih-|Iv thus n-Htrii-tinj^
the (golden cinnamon-rufous or ^'olden < liestiuit ctilmir to tlu? centre of
the breast and l)elly (Bijjj Taml)elan, 1()1,«!4H and OO, punityjieM ;
Tioman, 8.1.25.2. and 8.2.25.2 ; Great Kedan^', 11. 1.30.4 and »i, 2,<».'i»J
and '57; Perlientian. 11.1.80.8, 2,048 and 'VJ). Tliis leads, finallv. to
the dai-kest extreme, in which the dark colour lias encroached also ujMjn
the centre of the breast and l>elly, so as t<i make the wlnde of the
imderside of the animal practically seal-brown ([K-rliaps ni')re corn'«tlv
a tinge of chestnut so dark as to closely aj)proiu-h .sea 1- brown ) ; lii^,'
Tambelan, 101,651, paratype ; Great Kedang, 11.1.80.5 and 2.(h;o ;
Perhentian, 11.1.80.1 and 2, 2,047 and "50) ; but even in the«e
specimens a faintly l)righter (golden) tinge is still detectable on the
centre of the l)reast, at least in certain lights.
In a limited numljer of specimens another modification of the
colour of the imderparts takes place — viz., a spreading of the pale
greyish element (set' colour of back) over the anal region and a j«irt or
the whole of the flanks (Big Tam))elan, 101,641', '•')<>, i)ai-atv{>es ; Tioni.in.
8.1.25.2, 8.2.25.2 ; Great Redang, 11.1.30.7).
The darkening of the colour of the under-pai-ts takes phice <piite
independently of the modifications of the colour of tiie lia/'k ; that is,
l»right-T»ellied or dar]c-l)ellied individuals may cxhjliit any amount of
greyish admixture on the bac-k.
CULOUli UF MANTLK .VND IIK.VD.
Generally speaking, the mantle and head are similar, or noiirly
similar, in tinge to the breast and Kdly —/.'■., sj)trimens in which the
brighter (golden chestnut, golden cinnamon-rufous) tinge.s are ndut-
ively conspicuous on the breast and Indly (or centn- of the.v) have, nn
a. rule, the same tinges predominant, or at least conspicuously deve-
loped, on the mantle and crown, whole s})ecinieuii with practically
uniform seal-brown under-parts usually exhibit the sanu' dark tinu''' "n
the mantle and head (exce])t at the concealed ba.se of the fur, wiiich
even in the darkest-coloured individuals is mvirly ah\a\s brighter-
coloui-ed).
The palest extivmes are .seen in s|^Hvimens with the mantle au«l
centre of the crown golden cinnamon-rufous orirolden lui/.el (tiie tiiiu'*'
might perliaps equally well U' descrif>i'd as divp golden tawny »; but
even in these specijuens the foivhead, sides of the head and uwk. often
also the line of demarcation In-twiN-n mantle and Ixick an- chestnut or
seal-brown; or the golden cinnamon-rufous (ha/el) tinure nuiy U' mori'
or less considerably cloude«l or blotch.Hl with du^stnut (Gn>nt K.-dunu'.
2,05(3, '57, 58, 5W ; Perhentian. 11.1.80.8, 2.i>-H») This cl-.udmg or
blotching with a darker tinge incwascs gnuiually. in otlxT iudividxwl*.
to such degree as to render the general iuiprt}w*ion of the colour *
21(}
paler or darker chestnut, more or less conspicuously or iucouspi-
cuously lightened with goldeii cinnamon-rufous (hazel), the latter tinge
being sometimes restricted to the centre or the posterior portion of
tlie mantle, or to the centre of the crown, or represented only by
a distinct brighter "wash" of the general chestnut colour of the
mantle and crown (Big Tambelan, 101,649, '50, paratypes ; Tioman,
8.1.25.2, 8.2.25.2; Great Kedang, 11.1.30.4, 5. 6, 7, 2,060; Perhentian,
2,048, "50). When even this remnant of a lirighter tinge has nearly
or entirely disappeared, we arrive at specimens with nearly or quite
uniform dark chestnut-seal-brown mantle and crown (Big Tambelan,
101,651, paratype; Perhentian, 11.1.30.1, 2, 2,047).
AKE ALL THE SPECIMENS REFERABLE TO ONE RACE?
The question must Ije answered decidedly in the affirmative. In
the case of a form so variable in colour as that have under consider-
ation it would, of course, require a very large series of specimens from
each of the six islands represented to give the actual proof that the
variations in colour are precisely the same in each place. But,
although the series from this point of view is wholly inadequate, there
is still ample evidence that the specimens are representatives of one
indivisible race. In order to give the reader an idea of the variations
of colour exhil)ited, in the present series, from each island, the
following method has been adopted (the single alcoholic specimen
from P. Aor is, in this connection, left out of consideration, because
it is not before me at the moment of WTiting these lines) :
(1) Colour of back.- — The darkest-backed extreme (least ad-
mixture of grey) in the whole series of specimens, irrespective of
locality, is called 1, the lightest-backed (largest admixture and
lightest tinge of gi*ey) 15, the intermediate stages 2-14. It will be
found, then, that the following stages are represented :
From Big Tambelan Islands : 1, 6 and 13 ;
From P. Tioman : 6 and 8 ;
Fi'om Lantinga : 10 (unusually strongly suffused with pale mars-
brown) .
From Great Kedang : 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11 and 15 ;
From Perhentian : 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 6 and 7.
The Redang series, it will be noticed, gives an approximately
complete view of all the stages of the colour of the back. In the
smaller series from Perhentian (situated nearest Great Eedang)
only the darker half of the scale of modifications happens to be
represented. The single specimen from Lantinga and the two from
Tioman show three different medium stages, the three from Tambelan
the extremes (approximately) and one of the medium stages. There
cannot be much doubt, therefore, that a longer series from each island
would show an identical series of modifications of the colour of
the back.
(2) Colour of under-parts. — No. 1 indicates the lightest. No. 15
the darkest colour of the under-parts, Nos. 2-14 the intermediate stages.
217
The following viiriatiuiis ;uv icprcst'iittMl :
Fx-oni Bii^' TaiiilK-liin Ishiml : '>, •> ;iinl l.'» .
From P. Tioinan : 5 and t". ;
From Laiitiiii^a ; '3 :
From Great liedau^' : 1. :{. ."), 7, H, i>, lU. \:i and l'> ;
From Perlientiau : 2. 4, (5, 11. 12. IS and 14.
The sexes do not differ apprecialdy in colour (l.ut niaU-H nvrnuj'-
slightly larger, the canines of males avcra^'e a little longer and ntouttT,
and the zygomatic hreadth is relatively greater). So far as tlw i.n-n.-nt
sei-ies goes, sul)adult (/.*'., nearly fidl-grown) individuals do not differ
conspicuously in colour from fully adidts ; .piite young individualH
have not Iteen available for comparison.
For measiu-enieuts see table at end ol' thi.- \>n\»'\-.
Al'l'l.M'I'lHS.
The closest known relative of this form i.s wliliout doiil.t I'f.h. runuB,
from the North Natiuia Islands. In both of these races the admixtun-
of light grev (silvery grey) in the colour of the back has Invonie a
fixed^and^verv conspicuous character; they are the only two nu-es of
hifpomelanm in which the premolars and molars average larger than
usual ; and they are both inhabitants of islands in the South Chuia
Sea. Pt. h. canns differs, in fact, only in having, as a rule, the sdvery
grey element even more strongly developed and j.nrer in tinge, and the
colour of the crown normally paler.
It must be emphasiiJed, however, that the development of grey in
the coloration of the back is by no means a character absolutely
confined to these two races, canus and h^>i>h»<. It is, on the contrary .
a feature that can r.e traced in all the western races ot the s,.v,es
(that is, in all nices inhabiting the region from Borneo westward ) onl.s
the admixture of grev is in no other nice so strong and so constant,
nor the tinge of the grev colovir so light and silvery. A gn-y ."prink.
ling of the dark colour of the back (sometimes even rather heavy)
occui-s sporadically in /'/. h. tome^l (Borm'o); is common in //./..
annedeu. (S. Nafuna.) ; present, but the grey colour normally of a
considerablv darker tinge, in Pt. h. cnjanu. ( Lng^uio). ir""";"--''
(Mergui Archii>cdago). and ro.uh.rn.!. (Siam. CamlKHlia 1 ulai
Condor); thin or sometimes practically absent in PL,. n,h,H.,.
(Sem],ilan Islands, Straits of Malacca, off west coa.s of MaL»>
Peninsula). It is evident, theivfore. that the .sdvery colour .or ad-
,.ixture to .he colour, of the back in /V. A. .a.... and Uj„...
represents only the extreme pha.se of tendencies pivsent in all ^-t m
(Indo-Malavan) races of the s|x'cies.
Instanc-e's ot a sUk-M spr-nkliu, ■>( .1.0 dark -olour of th. W^k .^h
grev arc v.rv ,-..„„nou iu .ho s.-vios of r,.y,..;„ ... .. t»ct
r,la.iv..|v s,.Mo,„ .l>a. .1 1...... of .1.0 l..ok of .. r(,r..j.«,. .f .. ..
218
seal-l)rowu or some other dark tinge of brown, is absolutely devoid of
scattered grey hairs. But parallels to what has been described
above in Pt. h. ccmus and lepidus—viz., an extensive or even almost
complete replacing of the seal-brown by light grey hairs — are rare
within the genus. Perhaps the two most noteworthy instances are
these : in Pt. inelanotus (nicoharicus, auct.) the back is usually
blackish seal-brown, with a few greyish-white hairs, as a rule, detectable
on close examination ; but in the island of Nias, Pt. nielanotns
is replaced l\v a distinct, though closely allied, species, Pt. niadicvs, in
which the seal-brown is thickly mixed with light grey (but the amount
of greyish admixture individually variable, as in the case of Pt. h.
ccunua and lepidus). In Pt. melanopogon (Amboina gBoup) the back
is glossy blackish seal-brown, in the Aru Island representative of the
melanojjogon group — viz., Pt. aruensis — silvery greyish, everywhere
thinly sprinkled with blackish hairs — that is, the seal-brown of
Pt. melanopoyon is almost completely replaced by silvery grey. This
latter is within the whole genus, the closest analogy to the modification
of the colour of the back in Pt. h. camts and lepidus.
Measurements of fully adult individuals :
.Skull.
Fore-
arm.
Third
meta-
carpal.
Total
length.
Zygo-
matic
breadth.
Mandi-
ble
length.
Upper
teeth,
c.-m.^
Lower
teeth
c.-m. '
Tamhelan (3)
mm.
mm.
mm.
mm.
nmi.
mm.
mm.
Minimum
Maximum
131
139
91
95
62.5
67.2
34.2
38
50
53
25.3
26.2
27.8
29.8
Aor (1)
?ad
137
97
65.8
...
52
25
27.8
Tioman (3)
Minimum
Maximum
132
137
92
96
66.8
67.5
37
38.5
52
52.5
25.8
26
28.8
29.5
Bedantj (6)
Minimum
Maximum
136.5
144
89
98.5
63
68.5
32.6
37.8
48.5
53
23.2
26.2
26.8
28.8
Perhetdian (4)
Minimum
Maximum
133.5
140.5
89
93.5
63
66.8
33.8
36
49
51.8
23.8
25.2
26
27.8
All adults (17)
Minimum
Maximiun
131
144
89
98.5
62.5
68.5
32.6
38.5
48.5
53
23.2
26.2
26
29.8
21*1
ON MAMMALS AND BIRDS FROM THP: 1ITTJ,S oF
NEGRI SEMHILAN.
By C. BODEN KLOSS, k.z.s., M.M.o.r.
I
N July, 1910, 1 made a short coUectiiif^ viwit to the Telajm Buroli ini'l
Benimbun Hills ^I'oup iu Ne^ri Senibilau, and )>y {MTiiUHHion of tin*
authorities of the Raffles Mviseiun, Singapore, Mr. Val«'iitiiu' Kniirlif
of that iustitvition joined me at Sereuiban.
Of these hills, which attain in Oiuiong Telapa Buroli a heiv,'ht of
3,915 feet and are hounded on the noi'th In' the pass from Ser<'ni)»iiii to
Jelebu (1,300 feet) and on the south towards Guuon^^ An^^ni (2.«>.'i9
feet) sink to a still lower level, we had hoped to work the iipj^'r sloj^-s
with a view to ascertain whether the fauna of the main mountain
range of the Peninsula, well represented in Selangor, extended ko far
southwards. Owing, however, to the luisatisfactorv carriers w»' liad
to make use of, we finally camped on Bukit Lautai, at a hei^,'ht of
2,400 feet, and from thence collected upwards to :i,:^U() f.^-t. finding
throughout species very few both in numl>er and in individi'.als and of
a purely sub-montane type,thus confirmingthe conclusions of Robinson,
derived from the examination of a small collection from Gimong Angsi
which was made in November, 1904, and contained several migratory
birds not met with by us.
I was compelled to return to Seremban after a few days, and a wwk
subsequent to my departure, Mr. Knight and the collectors descnd.'d
to Bukit Tangga in the Seremban-Jelebu Pass and settling thcm.s.'lv.'s
iu the Rest-house at an altitude of 1,300 feet worked that neigh)H,urh..o.l
for a further ten days.
Since Robinson's list of Gunong Angsi Vertebrates (- Journ. K.M.S.
Museums," i., p. 25, 1906) was the only one in existence dealing with the
fauna of this district of Negri Sembilan, I now record the mammals
and birds obtained on the adjac-ent group of hills, together with some
additional species obtained ))v the Museum collectors on Gunong AngM
during a second visit in the month of April and not included lu his
account of the first collection.
MAMMALS.
1. HYLOB.\TES L.\R (LiNX.).
Bukit Lantai, 2,500 feet. 3 J .
These animals are all in the dark phase of in-lage. Th- \N h.te.
handed Gibbon was fairly common at Bukit Lantai. but .as not
obtained at the lower collecting station.
2. PRESBYTIS (>H.'<»1'K\ (Kni".
Bukit Tangfra, 1,300 feet. I <S .
The exceedingly dark pelage of this dusky Lot<mg n>nder. .t
somewhat abnormal for the hx-ality ; >t mon^ nearly ---»^-;»^;
northern race than the typical ionn ocrupyuig the lower ,>ort.on of
the Peninsula.
220
3. PRESBYTIS SIAMENSIS (M'ii-L. anw Sciileg.).
Bukit Lantai. 1 J •
A Grev-thiglied Lotong exactly resembling topotypes from
Malacca.
4. RATUFA AUREIVENTER (Oeoffk.).
Ratufa bicolor, Eohinson, p. 26.
Bukit Tang-ga. 2 <? ; 1 ? .
The Yellow-hellied Griant Squirrel is by far the commonest form of
the genus in tliis region : the colour of the feet of these examples
ranges from ))rown to yellow.
.-,. UATl'l V IMKLAXOPKPl.A, AFiLLER.
Biikit Tanp-.cca. 1 t? •
Bukit Lantai. ] <? .
The Black-and-tan Giant Squirrel is a much rarer animal than the
preceding: the abdomens of both the examples obtained are of an
exceedingly pure yellovv.
0. SCIURUS HIPPURUS. Is. Geotf.
Bukit Lantai. 1 ? .
The Variegated Squirrel is a very stable form and in the Peninsula
is one of the least abundant of the genus though widely distributed,
7. SCIURUS VITTATT'S MINLVTUS, MiLtER.
Bukit Lantai. 1 ^ .
The Eufous-bellied Buff-striped Squin-el, genei-ally met with in
nunil>ers throughout the Peninsula, appears to be rare on the group of
liills where collecting was undertaken.
8. 8CIURUS TENUIS, Honsr.
Bukit Lantai. 3 <? ; 3 ? .
The Slender Squirrel was common on the upper part of the
mountain but was not ol>served at the lower collecting station.
<X SCirRUS ROI5IXSOXI ALACRIS, Thomas.
Bukit Tangga. 1 ^ .
The Southern White-bellied Sijuirrel has not j^^'^viously been
obtained southward of Selangor.
10. LARlSCrS .lALOREXSIS, Bonhote.
Fimambulus insignis, Robinson, p. 26.
Bukit Lantai. 1 <? .
This example of the Striped Grround-Squirrel more nearly resembles
the dominant Peninsular form than it does that occurring in the
extreme south and Singapore Island.
11. MI'S VOCIFERAXS, AIillee.
Bukit Tangga. 3 <? ; 1 ? .
Bukit Lantai. 2 (J .
The Long-tailed Spiny Hill-Rat is widely distributed throughout
the Peninsula where it is perhaps the most abundant of the larger rats.
VI. Airs PELLAX, Mhaek.
Bukit Lantai. 4 ^ ; 2 ? .
The Brown-backed Spiny Rat is generally found in association
with the Tawny-backed Spiny Rat (Mus surifer) but in far smaller
numbers. On Bukit Lantai, however, it was fairly conunon and totally
displaced the other species.
•J J I
i;i. Mr> \ Ai.ilil N. MiriKii.
Bukit Tangga. 2 S-
The Sliar,'t,'y K:it is hv far tlio coiumoiu'st iiioiuJxt of tlic muelleri
group ill the Pi'iiinsula ; it is a wid.- raiiu'iii^' aninuil, IviiiK' found
from swampy orroun*ls at the spa U'v.'l to liei^'hts of four and tiv
thousand feet.
U. MUS JALORKNSIS, Homk.tk.
Bukit Tnngpa. 1 ? .
V,. Tl'PAIA IKKKltilNKA. Rapfi.es.
Bukit Tan-g:i. 1 $ iiuni. ^.,c^c. Ay^.U^.^^^.
1(5. CYXOPTERlS (XIADirS) MiyoR. L t*'>!«.
Bukit Taiigga. 1 9 .
The occurrence of this Bat — obtained hy Mr. Valentine Kuij.'ht iit
the Rest-house in the pass Ijetween Sereinhan and Jelehu — which is
apparently referable to C. {N.) niiMttr,^ from the lowlands of EaKt«Tn '-tyn*
Sumatra, rather than to C. {N.) harpax,- from the Seman<,'ko Pass on
the Selangor-Pahang boundary, has led me to tiring together »uch
material as is available of the sub-genus Niadimt.^ This was foimdetl
on a bat from the Island of Nias, West Sumatra, ))ut on a4'count of
the large size of the animal (length of head and bodv, 14^1 nun : of
skull, 38.2 mm.) the latter need not l»e considered here.
The second form of the sub-genus, C. (N.) inut^ir, i-ame from the <^«kI
banks of the Siak River, East Sumatra ; and the third, C. (N.) harpar,
was descril^ed from an animal, one of a Itunch of five, sliot near tlie
Rest-house in the Semangko Pass at an altitude of 2,7<MI fet't : finally
there is the present adult female from Negri Sem)>ilan otttained at an
altitude intermediate between the former two.
All the Semangko Pass animals were badly damaged )»y shot : <>ne
skull is fairly complete, two (including the ty|M') are fragmentary,
and those of the remaining animals were completely destroyed. The
latter, however, were inmiature males and the skins serve to show that
the pelage of such does not differ from that of the adult female.
An adult male differs slightly from the tyjR', iM'ing in colour olivii-
ceous-brown above, darkest on the head, with the naj)«' slightly tinged
with ochraceous ; all the hairs with pale l>ases: sides of lurk ;ind the
throat brilliant ochraceous, renuiiuiug uuder-parts greyish-buff, the
median area greyer with an oldong tawny patch at the eentn* of th»'
abdomen.
The female and young males aiv much darker and i,'reyer uK)Te
with the nape slightly paler ; the sides of ueek and the throHt are buflfy,
and the rest of the lower surface varies from brownish-gn'y to de»»p
fawn. Lcn^
C. (N.) r^Uff from Negri Seml»ilan is olivnceous-brow n al>ove.
much darker and givyer on head and na|K» with no trare of eullar:
sides of neck and the throat dull ochraceous-yellow. nMunining under-
parts dull greyish-l»uff. much greyer and darker on the nu>dian Hn*a of
the abdo men.
' Lyon, " Prof. U. S. Nnt. .Mus," xxxiv.. p. Ort.'> (190*).
- Tlioma.s and Wnnigliton. •' .\nn. Mag. Nat. Ilint." (H), iji.. p. 4.10 (1000):
Joiirii. F.M.S. Mnsonni.'^, iv., p. 1(W ( HM19).
•^ Miller. " Viov. 13i<.l. S<x\, Wn^liington," xi.x.. pp. 01 and 83 {\90&\.
223
The autebracliial and wing membranes are black except close to
the body where they are pale, and over the bones of the fingers which
are sharply indicated is white.
The ears are somewhat pointed, their posterior edges slightly
concave below the tips and there is a slight rounded lobe at the base.
The edges are white bnt that colour does not extend to the extremities.
Below is a table of dimensions as far as it is possible to obtain
them :
1
i
100
m.)
C (N.)
harpax
C. (N.)
harpax
?.
C. (N.)
liarpax
6 ti.lpe.
? N. 8.
Head and body ...
100
105
98
105
Tail
8
7.5
7
5
7
Tibia
26
27
Foot
17
16
15
14
its-
Forearm ...
72
72
72
Thumb
27
26.7
25.5
26
SL(oir
2nd finger...
48
49.5
3rd metacarpal
48
47.7
44
48?4^-5-
nil
31
32
29.7
31
III^
44.5
43
36.5
40
Total 3rd finger . . .
108
123.5
122.7
110.2
119
4th metacarpal
45
46.3
41.5
^^■6-
IVi
24
24
23
X.H-
IV3
27.3
27
23.5
^4
Total 4th finger . . .
89
96.3
97.3
88
5th metacarpal ...
46.2
47.8
43
VI
22
22.5
20.5
*L2i
V2
23.4
23.7
20.5
Total 5th finger . . .
77
91.6
94
84
Ear
16.5
15
18
Skull, greatest length
32.3
32
Condylo-basal length
30
30.5
Basal length
26.4
26.7
Palatal length
16.6
16
Zygomatic breadth
21
22
23
• • •
22.5
Cranial breadth ...
14.4
14.2
14.5
Interorbital breadth
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.2
6.5 ? 5- S
Postorbital breadth
7.5
7.2
6.2
*-?
Length of mandible
25
25
27
24
Maxillary tootli-row in-
t
cluding canine ...
11.2
10.6
10.5
10
Mandibular tooth-row ex-
cluding incisors
12.2
11.8
12.9
11.8
tix
Tip of nasals to supra-
orbital foramen
13.1
13.6
...
13.7
Basi-sinual length
25.7
27.7
Tip of nasals to posterior
orbital extremity
30.5
32.6
It will !.(' ^st■^l tli;it tilt' Ni'^'ri .Sfiul.ilan cxaiiiiih' <1..h4-1v ri-M-iiil.|«-»
the tvpi^ of C. jSuim siiw ill two ).artiiiilai> : tin- l<-ii^,'tli of tli.- :Jr«l,
4tli aud 5th tinij;t'rs which in the latt<i- is ii.)tal.l\ ;^rfatfr. while th«'
Sumatrau animal also st'cnis to jxisscss loii;^.-!- t<joth wrieti ; all otluT
measureiueuts are witliin the limits of six-cilic variation. Tin- \.\\>*; of
C. minor is, however, immaturr. an<l tlioM;.,'h of ^'rcat«'r Ixxlilvlfiiu'th i»
closely ujiproaehed in wiiii,' (.liiiuiisions l.y tin' \uiiii„' uninuilh from the
Seniaugko Pass.
On the other luiinl. whih* the luxly iiieaMii«-m»nt of the Ne;.'ri
Sembilan animal and C. Itiirjxi.r are \eiv simihir, tin- only uvuiLihle
skidl of the latter is eonsi<leralily the lar'^er of the two; it in, however,
mure adnlt, possessiii;,; well-develo[icd .sai;i,'ital and <Mi-i|Mtal <rf«th.
wliieh are pre.sent, Vnit to a h'ss de;^'ree, in the fonin-r. Additional
dilt'erences exhil»ited l>y C. linrpa.f are a iuore deeply ;,'roovi'd iiiter-
urhital region, a mon- jn-ar-shainvl luainease, a shallower rostrum and
a relatively narrower maii(iil)le.
The principal differences lietween the two forms lies in tlie uluij"'
of the teeth, which in the Nej.,'ri Semhilan aninial are very l»rojid and
square, aj^reeinij with those of the tyi«' of C. u HIum - and differin^j not-
ably from the oblon*^, posteriorly narrowinir teeth of C /ei/y«ir.
With reL,'ard to the tulx'rdes on the low»'r molars which, with the
sluqje of the teeth, are the features on which the sii1»j,'»'niis in en-t-ttil,
interestinjj; variations occur in the series here dealt with.
lu the Seman;4:ko Pass female ;////, is a simple Vijim^,!, i'u,> tooth
without any central cus[» whatever, while «/ , possesses a sinj^le well-
develo^jed tuljercK-.
In the tvpe of C. /mrjuir ami in tin- N»';.,'ri Senilnlan f<-male y<»n ,
and lit ^ each clt-arly exliihit a siiiLcle tiilM-nle oidy.
In the mule from the Semun^'ko Pass jnn ^ is furnished with lw.»
tubercles and smh is also the case with /»/,. thou-jh in this t.H.th the
second and [tosterior tuliercle is somewhat nidimentury.*
Thus, in a very small series, are anintals having,' pn-niolars with none.
one and two, and molars with one and two tuluMvh-s. Thomai* iind
VVrouuhttin state that tni.- Vijimplfnix has .Mranionally a xmall exim
cusp on m, and eite a s|k'( imen fr.)m liomlmv with this fnilniv: »»i
there seems to Ik* a comidete .•omnHjion In-lw.-.-n tin* Ivpiml n.irniw-
toothed cuspless C;iiinj,lrr>'>^ ami the s.piare-toothrd doub|.N|.tnU'n-|.-U
Niii'Uiix in this resjieet.
The Nei,'ri Seml>ilan animal is of ronsirhrably u'li'aler luilk llmii
th.' common Ix-sser l''niit-l'.at or - KLiNNar." and Mr. Kui-ht ^tule,
that the white markin-^of the meml.raiie.^ an' ehanieteri-tie of the
livin- animal. C. {N. ) i^i^r i** iipp;i'-^'«»«l.v of a Mib-nioiilum? IwLit m
the Peninsula: mot'e examples are ivquiivd.
* The tei-lli1iiry^«.7^r/ ro.f7],'.s as liijun-.l bv Milkr In " The F«mJU«i whI
(Jeiicra of Hats " ( f. -S. N. M., Bulletin 57. l-l- viii., I1W7). Igree in Ibc fwnn of lh«
tultfirlors "itii tli'i^e <«f tin's iielix iilmil.
224
BIRDS.
1. TRERON Ml'ALEXSlS, Hodgs.
liukit Taii-ya, 1,:500 fet't. 2 c? ; 2 ? .
•2. MACROPYGIA RUFREl'.S (Tkmm.).
Uiikit Laiitui. J V' •
••5. MICROHIKRAX FRiXGlLLARlUS (Djrai'.),
Guiiong Angsi, 1,500-2,;>00 ft>«t.
•1. ALCEIX) ELRYZOXA, Temm.
Bukit Lantai, 2,400 feet. 1 <? .
This example of the rare Broad-zoned Kingfisher was shot on the
hank of a swiftly-running mountain stream in a deep gulley at an
altitude of 2,200 feet.
5. CARCINEUTES PILCHELLUS (HuRSF.).
tniuong Augsi, 1,500.2,500 feet.
C. CRAXORRHIXUS CORRIGATUS (Tkmm.).
Bukit Taiigga, 1^ .
7. AXORRHIXUS GAEERITUS (Tkmm.).
Bukit Lautai. 1 $ .
The Grlossy Hornljill is one of the commonest of the genus in
siih-niontane localities, ]>ut is not met with elsewhere.
8. XYCTIORXIS AMICTA (Temm.).
Bukit Tangga. 4<? ; 1?.
Gunong Aiigsi, 1,500-2,500 feet.
LYXCORXIS TEMMIXCKI, Guiia),
Guuong Angsi, 1,500.2,500 feet.
fi. MACROPTERYX COMATA (Temm.),
JUikit Taiigga. 1 ^ .
10. PYROTR(X;OX KASUJIBA (RvrPEEs).
Bukit Lautai, 1 <? ; 1 ':f' .
11. PYP.OTUCJGOX KLVAUCELI (Temm.).
Bukit Tangga. J S ■
1-2. PYROTRUGOX OREftfKIUS (Temm.).
Bukit Tangga. 1 J .
Bukit Lantai. 1 ^ ; 1$.
n. ZAXCLU8T03II S JAVAXICUS (Dl-mo.\t),
Bukit Tangga. 1 c? .
Guuong Angsi, 1,500.2,.500 feet.
11. RHOPODYTES SIMATRAXIS (KAFrLEs).
IJukit Tanggii, 1^.
15. ruococcvx i:i;vKii:o(;.\\Tiii s ,||^„,L.).
liukii Taiigya. 1 J; 1 v .
If.. (ALOIUIAMIM S H.W I I. r. (;,t^.^ ..
Bukii Tanggu. 1(?; 2 V.
17. CHOT()KHi:\ ( llUYsol'oCdN (TtuM.v
Biikit Taugga. 3 <? ; ;5 ^' .
18. CUOTORllKA .MVr>T.\tUl'll.V.\i;.s lituM.,,
15iikit Taiigga. 1 J .
l!». (HANOI'S IIKNKRI ri'iMJi.'.
Btlkit 'f aiigga. 7 J ; IV.
Bukit Luutai. 1 i? .
\t<). MKsuui'rio i)rvAi(i;i.i iI.k-s.i.
iJiikiL Taugga. 8 (J ; Oy.
Bukit Lautai. 1 S ■
In this series sufh individuals as haw not attaim-d I'ldlv adult
plumage have the ear coverts stronjjfly suffused with ^iveu or Mur.
21. GKCIMS OJiSian ANl»l S, HviUKlli.
Bukit Taiigga. 1 ^ .
Guuoug Aiigsi, 1,o(XJ-2,.jUO I'oot.
•-'2. PYURHOl'KTS rORI'H VUOMkLAS iHmIK.I.
Lepocestes por[)li\rouR'his, Iiuhitifon, nj,. ,lt. p. ■2\K
liukit Taiigga. 1 V •
Hukit Laiitai. \'^ .
■S.i. MKiLVl'Tl's (;KA.\l.MniloKA\ M m ii .
lUikii 'I'aiigga. H 3 ; I ¥ •
•H. MU.\.\ l'll> il KKI il.i-.
bukit Tangga. I S ■
Gunong ^\jigsi, l,5U0-l',5(Xi tVci.
25. MICROPTEIIMS llUAtHVli;i> (Vikiil.).
Btikii 'I'anggu. 1 ? .
20. ciiuvsoriiM'.cMA M \i.\< < i:.v>»: ii»ih
Gunong Angsl. l,.-5U()-2,.-<'«» tv,..
2*. CllUVxtl'm I (■ M \ Ml \IKI ll»i:i.iii.
Itiikif Tangga, '2 J . >
lUikii l,aiitai. 1 J i ' » •
2.M. (.Huvsoroi.vni:^ \m.ii>i- '
Bukii Tangga. 2 >' .
JO. CAI.YI'TOMKNA VIRlIMs. RArrie.
Mukit Tnngga. » J ; :? • ■
220
:;.). lailVI-KMrS JAVAMCLS, IIuKsr.
Itukil Taiii;j4ii. 1 S-
■M. KLKVLJ':Mr,S OCIUIOMKLAS, UArn.KS.
JJiikit Taii-ua. 2 ^ ; 2 ?.
■4-2. CORVDOX SIMATRAMS (Raiii.es).
JJiikit Taii.u'ga. 2 V ■
:;:J. HYl'OTHV.MJS AZIUEA (Hvm:).
Biikit Lautai. 1 J.
."1. KHU'inrUA I'KKLATA, S. JIill.
Bukit Laiitai. 2 S •
TERI'SIPHONK AFPINI.S (Blyth).
Gunouy Aiig«i, l,500-2,oU0 Icft.
35. I'HILENTO.MA VELATU.M (TiMii.).
Bukit Taiioya. 2 <? ; 1 ? .
Bukit Lantui. 3 S •
.!«. PHILENTOMA PYRRH01'rERL\"\I (ThMM.).
Bukit Tangga. 1 S •
Bukit Lantai. 3 cJ; 2 $ .
37. (IJJL'Al'A CEYLOXEXSIS (!<WAi>>i).
(iuuoug Ang.-ii, l,.JCO-2,.j00 ft-ct.
38. ABROllXH (-.CHWAXElil (TJiVi.M.).
Bukit Luutai. ;J <? .
3',i. PERRROC(tTl ^; JLVMMU'ER, Hi me.
Bukit Tt,ugga. 1<? ; 5?.
Bukit Lautai. 1 ':^ .
40. .ETHORHYNCHUS LAERE;<XAYE[ (Haktl.).
Bukit Tun7:ga. 1 <?.
U. CHL0R0P.SJ8 ZO,STEROP.< (Xw.).
Bukit Tangga. 2 9 .
lUikit L: n^ai. 2 <? .
42. CHL0R;JP8IS ICTEROriPHAEA (Liosti.).
Hukit Tangga. (5 J : 7 ? .
Bukit Lautai. 2 ^ ; 2 ^ .
Guuong Augs", 1.5JU.2,oOU feet.
43. IREXA CYAXEA, Begoie.
Bukit Tangga. -1- J ; 1 V •
Bukit Lautai. 3 <? .
Guuong Angsi, ], 500-2,500 feet.
II, HEMIXr.S crXEUIOlS (IJivrni.
Ilukil l.aiUai, I J ; 3 y .
I". III'MIM s M \|.\, ( |;ss|^ Ml , 11,
IJiikii 'raiiL'L'a. I J.
]5iikir Liuir.ii, 3 J ; 3 +' .
u;. ioij: omvacka, iu.mh.
Bnkit Laiitai. 1 J' .
17. citl\l(;i:i; <)( liu\< IMS, M...,it>:.
Miikii Lniiinl. 1 ,^ .
»«l. ALOI'llUiXl.s I'il.KOt i;i'llAl.r.S iIUkii..;.
Bukit Tiuipgit. 1 (J.
nunon<:' Ancr.^i. l,r)<30-2.r,CO foot.
I!'. TRI(HOI,E^Ti:s .CRI\[(;I:k iHivtih.
JJukii Tanu-ffn. 2 S ■
Miikit r>;im;ii. 1 (J ; l2 ^' .
.VI. rY( XONoTIS riXT.\Ys<»XI (Srni(ki..i.
Bukit Tan!.'fr.n. 2 J .
:A. rV( XOXOTls ,NAI.\ ADoitil. .simiiK.
Bukit Lantai. 1 J.
:,->. RTHK.TI.V (YAXIVLXTKls (IlivTiii.
Bukit Taiinrffa. 2 3 .
Cunong Aiii-'f^i, l,oOO-2,.j(X) ff<-t.
53. FA'PETKS MArROf'ERCrs (Tevm.>.
lUikii Tangga. 2 (J.
The curious Bare-necked Grouu<.l-Bal>1»ler i.s not c«»nun<»n iu
collections : it is probably more numerous than would Hi>|»ear, huwvver,
for owin<,' to its dull i-olourini,'. shy nature and tvrrestial habit.-*, it i-*
likely to escape observation.
:,l. I'OMATORRHIXrs nORXEEXSIs. fiu.
Bukit Tanu'^'a. 1 I' .
Bukit Lantai. ."5 (J : 29 •
.-..->. mjorxis sriMVRirs iH..nm-.».
Bukit Tam.'t.'a. 1 S •
.-)ii. TlUniXls MA(:Mi:<»sTIU>. M.".i!».
Malacopteron ma'^nirostr.'. l!n},',ii»ini, <>i>. rlt.. ]> '27.
Jiukit 'lauLTira. 2 ,' .
JJukit l-aiilai. 1 J ; 1'?.
:,-. Tiunixrs M \( ROD VI TVl.rs. smitki..
Bukit Tancrtrii. 1 <S ■
.VS. DRVMOiXTM'IM < Xh.R'M VI'ITMI- IMx
Bukit Tanggn. 2 J.
.•.■.•. si:t\IM\ M\' N\ ^^^.^.
Bukit Tauirira. 2 ,S ■
M. \xn:<>i'-.i>. MM \< ■ I N-1- H •• ■>.
Bukii Tiincrira. I .' .
ISukit I.antai. 1 J •
228
01. ATX'IPPE CIXEREA, Bl-TTIT.
Bukit Tangga. 1 J .
Bukit Lantai. 4 ^ ; 3 ? .
tV2. -STACHYRIS DAVISOXI, SniKPE.
Bukir Tangga. 1 J.
Bukit Lantai. l^.
Gnnong Angsi, 1,500-2,500 foet.
(;:i. STACHYKIK POUOCF.PIfALA (Temm.1.
IJiikii Tangga. 1 cJ ; 2 ? .
til,'. STACHYRIS LEITOTIS (SmiCKi,.).
Bukit I.antai. 2<?.
fiunong Angsi, 1,500.2,000 feet.
05. ST.VCHYRIS MAC'T'LATA. (Tkmm,).
]'.\ikit Tangga. 1 .^ ,
60. MACROXrS PTILOSUS, Jarp. & Selbt.
Bukit Tangga. 1 cj .
67. MIXORNIS GULARIS (Raffles).
Bukit Tangga. 1 <? .
68. HERPORNIS ZANTHOLEUCA, Hodgs.
Herpornis xantlioleuca, Bohinson, he. cit.
Bukit Tangga. !(?;!?.
Bukit Lantai. 3 J ; 1 ? .
09. HYDROCICHLA RrPICAPILLA (Temm.).
Bukit Tangga. 2 ? .
Bukit Lantai. 1 S •
Gunong Angsi, 1,500-2,500 feet.
HYDROCICHLA FRONTALIS (Rlyth).
Gunong Angsi, 1,500-2,500 feet.
-(>. CITTOCINCLA MACRl'RA (Gm.).
Bukit Tangga. 1 c? .
Bukit Lantai. 1 ? .
Gunong Angsi, 1,500-2,500 feet.
71, ORTHOTOMUS ATRIGUL.VRIS (Temm.).
Bukit Lantai. 1 <? .
72. ACAXTHOPNEl'STE BOREALIS (Blas.).
Gnnong Ang>i. l,5(X)-2,500 feet.
7:i. IIEMIPT'l^ PTCATUS (Sykes).
IJukit Tangga. 1 <? .
Bukir Lanrai. 2(?; 1 ? .
7!. TEPHRODORNIS GULARIS (Raffles).
liukit Lantni. 1 S ■
Gunong Angsi, 1,5(30-2,500 feet.
7.-.. LANirs TIGRIXT'S, Drap.
Gunong Angsi, 1.. 500-2,500 feet.
-11. l*l,\ I ^ l.nnii ^ \l;hi^l Ml s, 1,11.
liukii 'I'iiiii.'irii. I J .
Jjukil Laiitai. 1 (J.
77, MELANOCHLORA 11. AVoi KI>TATA iI.MH.i.
Riikit Laiiiiii. 2 ^ ; 2\\
78. I)I:M>I!()1-II11.A ."^ATl ItATlolt, MwiiKliT.
lUikii Tan<;j;;n. 2 (J ,
Bukit Lantai. 2 J .
These exami)les all illustrate the f^reati-r richnesH of colour
possessed hy the Peuiusular Nuthatch as c()iiH)arc<l with />. /rotitnlit
of Java.
70. DISSKMIRIS I'AUADISKls (Li.vx.;.
]?iikit Taiigfra. 1 <J .
JJukit Laiilai. 2 J : 1 ? .
.so. OIUOLIS ZANTIKJNOTIS, ||,.ii«r.
13iikit Tangpra. 1 J .
Gunoiig Aiip.<i, 1 ,500-2,oOO foot.
SI. MIXIA I.EUIOGASTUA (IlLTTin.
Bukit Tangpa. 2 <? ; 2 ? .
The White-l)ellied Muuia was not uuooininon on the roadside in the
Bukit Tangga Pass, but as noted elsewhere it has onlv once In-i-n
obtained of recent years during much collectiui,' in the Western Stut*'«.
82. ANTHOTHREPTKS SIMl'I.EX. S. mCil.
Bnkit Lantai. 1 <J .
8.3. ARACHNOTHEKA MoDESTA. Evn-s.
Bukit Tangga. 2 <?.
81. ARACHNOTIIERA RniU'sTA. M. i .s.
Bukit Laiuai. 2 S ■
8.>. ARVCIINOTIII.K \ ( R\ssiR()STRIS iRricnEin).
Bukit Lantai. 1 , .
m;. I'lUoNtK IIII.IS MM I I, Airs. Tkmv.
Bukit LauiMi. 2 ? .
NOTES ON BIRDS NEW To. oi: KWKK IN. THK M.M.AV
PENIN8rr-.\.
CSecomo Skkiks.)
Hv r. BODKN" KLdS.-^, k./.s.. >i.n..r.
OINCE the first series of these notes was insnod in the \ani luunU'r
^ of this Journal, the Fedenited Malay States Mu-i«MiinH have tinder-
taken an e.xix'dition to T^^n^^ Siamese Malaya, which liai* lv^uIt^•<| in
the addition of a large numlM'r of ran' an<l inten'»tintf i«pwie« to thrir
collections and the results have Ini-n dealt with at length in |»ii|vn» to
Ix' found in the " Ibis " for OctoU-r. U>1<». and January. 11*11.
The species now comntented <in have Un-n tibtnimMl in th»> ordinary
way of colKvtimr at various Kxalities in the F^ileratcd Malay State«<.
230
riALLlNAfiO 'MEGALA, SuiNii,
Gralliuago niegala, Hharpe, Cut. Birds Brit. Mus., xxlv., p. 479
(1896) ; Rohhisori, Journ. F.M.S. Mas., iv., p. 130 (1909).'
Since the first specimen was recorded by Eolmisou from the
neighbourhood of Kuala Lumpur in 1909, Seimund lias obtained two
more examples in the vicinity of Taiping, Perak. Now that the
species is known to ocfur here it will probably be noticed in fair
numbers in future.
MlLVrs (;()\ INDA, SvKKs.
Milvus govinda. Shirp^, Cat. Blnh Brit. Miis.. i.. p. 325 (1874) i
Btatiforft, Fa 1(11. Brit. In<1. BinU, iii., p. 374 (1895).
The comniDn Piu'iah Kite has not often been recorded from the
Malay Peninsula; an example was shot near Tiiiping, Perak, in
November, 1910, and it has been oljtained in Penang (Cantor),
Singapore (Kelham), and near Klang by Davison.
SYRXirM MAINGAYI, Hume.
Syrnium maingayi, Hume, Stray Feathers, vl.. p. 27 (1878) ;
Blanford, Favn. Brit. Lid. Birds, iii., p. 276 (1895).
An example of the rare Malayan Wood-Owl was shot in the
Semangko Pass, 2,700 feet, in April, and in June, 1910, another was
obtained near Taijnng Iw Seimund. Spec-imens from Kiiala Tembeling,
Pahang : Clinting Bidei, 2,300 feet, Selangor ; and from Trang, Siamese
Malaya, had previously lieen in the collections of the Federated
Malay States Museums.
rilALACROCORAX CARED. Lixx.
Phalacroeorax carbo, Blroiford, Faun. Brit. Iitd. Birds, iv., p. 340
(1898) ; Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxvi., p. 340 (1898).
The Cormorant is exceedingly rare in the southern half of the Malay
Peninsula. A specimen was collected by Wray on the Batang Padang
Kiver near Tapah, South Perak, al)Out fift<:»on years ago ; a second
example was ol)tained by Kloss on a fresh-water pond at .Tohore Bahrvi
in 1904, and in July, 1910, Seimund shot a third on the small lake
at Taiping, Perak-. North of the Kelantan Elver on the East Coast
and in Patani Bay it is not uncommon.
RELKCANUS rillLTPPEXSlS, Gm.
Pelecamis philippensis, Blauford, Faun. Brit. Tnd. Birds, iv., p.
335 (1898) ; Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mas., xxvi., p. 471 (1898).
A single example of the Spotted-billed Pelecan was taken near
Taiping. Perak, some years ago, and in J\dy. 1910, a second individual
was olitained in the same locality.
ALCEDO EURYZOXA, Temm.
Alcedp euryzona, Sharjje, Cat. Birds Brit. M:is., xvii., p. 154
(1892); Blavford, Faun. Brif. Lnd. Birds, iii., p. 126 (1895);
Eohinson, Journ. F.M.S. Mus., ii., p. 172 (1909).
2:n
Tho Broad-/.. >nc.l |\iiii.'lisli'T i> .1 i.tr.- l.inl in ihr F)'<l<'r.ili-«1 Mtibiv
States and has loni,' Im-imi n'i>rt'M'iitf<l in its MiisriiniM liv a xiii^lt*
female (.•a])turi'd l»y Wray <>ii the Lanit Hills near Tui|»iui,', I'mik.
lu Dec?nilK'r, l!Mi;», three cxaiiniU-s wi-rc eullfctrd in tin* luuitiitaiiin
formint,' the Traiii^-l^itt'luuL,' lioundarv ; in I'.'lo a fifth wiiH uhtaiue<l
near Kuala Lipis, and a sixth near 1^'iitonj;. PahaUj^. while tho Ittiit
collected to date was shot in the iiiuiintains itf N<''^M*i S«'inl»ihi!i al»i>ut
15 miles N.-E. of Seremhun liy Mr. V. Kniu'ht.
(IKinCnNI', .MoDKil.lANII. Svi \ m..
Clervii-one iiiodi'^dianii. Siilrml., Ann. .l//'x. Cir. (ieiiov. (2), xii.,
]). 71 (iSlU): Bdhilt^'Ul. H. 11,(1. list <;/ /;;,-./.■' I,J l/ir M.ll.nj JKinitfultl,
1). v.), note (191(»).
Clervii'oue pcctoralis. Jhiri^mi. Jhi.-^., iHit-J.
A i)air of these little Grey-aud-yellow Flycatdiorr, was ohtaiiusl in
the t<rounds of the Perak Museum at Taipin;; in S.'i.t«'niU'r. I'.Mi'.i.
The species is decidedly rare in the Peninsula, l«'ini,' known pn-vioUMly
Itv single examples from Kuala Pahaii},', (liinoni,' Tahaii and from
Traui;, Siamese Malaya.
inilXOMYTAS PECTORALTS (Salvad).
Ehinomyias peetoralis, Hartrrt, Nor. Z»nl., ix.. p. 5'):$ (l!M>2):
Bobluxo)!. IL'n'hf;>^t nj Binh of Un- ^r"I,t;/ Pm! n.-"!", Kuala T.nmpur.
1910.
This Brown Flycatclicr is not cominoii in the r.-niiisiila. A h|»»H-i-
meu was shot at Kuala Li[.is in May of this y.-ar and it lias pri'viously
heen obtained in Pahani,' hy Watcrstradt on <lun«>n^' Talmn and
■Robinson at Kuala T.'kii. The Museums hav.' also a few .^j-viniens
from Pcrak and Selan--or.
I'VCXO.VO'I TS KdlllNSdNI. <ti.ll.V!K.f;KAXT.
Pyononotus robinsoni. 0,iilr!,:(ir<n,i. f'.M,;.<»/; Mnl,nj,,»*^o. /'"J.,
iii.. l}('i,orf <„, fhr 7?//v/x, j.. So (liMC).
An adult femah' .^f this sjKvies. jnwioiisly only known \>\ two
examples from Pataiii. was obtain.-d in P.v..mUT. l'.H»it. at C\u>u^.
Tranu'. and was ..v.-rlooK-cd when the •• Tl.i " pap-r alr..ad> ft.n.d
to was <liawn up.
This Bulbul approaches /'. hl.,,>h.nli and dilLrs rn.ni /' ;/.'
which occurs in the same l.K-alities. in the possession of jKile ..n-i
upixM--i)arts, faint erreenish edijes to the wini: f-ath.'n..
white throat and lunler-parts and in a somewliat round, i n
to the bill. It was ori-inally comi«ired with P. ri-«rrn/ir..»* fwin
Palawan I.slaml but 111. uv nearly n'seinbles i'
probablv th.> Malavan n>pivsentative. appa--
havin- tlie silvery-white aiva of eheoks autl ear oovi-rti. nh^htly n-.iu.^-J
jn extent.
KHNOPIA STRIATA (HlvtiiV
Kenopia striata, Sliarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mvs., vii,, p. 673 (1883) ;
Hartert, Nov. Zool, ix., p. 567 (1902).
The White-flecked Babbler is not often met with in the Peninsula.
Abbott obtained it in Trang, Siamese Malaya, in 1899 (where the F.M.f^.
Museums also got a specimen in 1910), Watorstradt on Gunong
Tahan two years later, Kloss shot one individual near Gunong
Pulai, S. Johor, in 1904, and in July, 1909, Eobinson and Kloss
trapped another example at Temengoh, Upper Peralc. No others
seem to have l)een recorded for many years,
rETROPHILA CYANEA (Linn.).
Petrophila cyanea, Blmiford, Faun. Brit. Ind. Birds, vol. ii., p. 146
(1898) ; Petrophila cyaneus, Bohinson. Jonrn. F.M.S. Mvs., vol. ii.,
No. 4, 1909, p. 207.
A male was ol)tained at the Batu Caves near Kuala Lumpur by
Kloss in August, 1908, and on 24th May, 1910, a second specimen,
a female, was shot at the same place by Mr. C. B. Holman-Hunt.
XOTODELA LEUCURA (Hones.).
Notodela leucura, Sharj^e, Cat. Birds Brit. Miis.. vii., p. 23 (1883) ;
BohlnsoH, Hand-list of the Birds of the Mcday Penivsnla, p. 17, note
(1910) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind. Birds, i., p. 113 (1889).
Until recently the White-tailed Blue Eol)in was known from the
Peninsula by a single specimen collected by Butler on the Larut Hills,
Perak. In August, 1909, specimens were for the second time obtained
in the Peninsula from the same locality by Robinson and Kloss.
LANIUS BEXTET (IIorsf.).
Lanius l>entet, Gadoir, Cat. Birds Brit. 3Ius.. viii., p. 263 (1883) ;
Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind. Birds, i., p. 465 (1889) ; Robinson, Hand-Jisl
of Birds rf the Malay Peninsida, p. 17, note (1910).
This handsome Long-tailed Shrike is an exceedingly rare bird in the
Malay Peninsula and until Seimund shot four specimens near Kuala
Lumpur in December, 1909, was unrepresented in the F.M.S. Museums.
MUNI A LEUCOGASTRA (Blytii).
Uroloncha leucogastra, Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mvs., xiii., p. 362
(1890); Gates, Favn. Brit. Ind. Birds., ii., p. 186 (1890); Hartert,
Nov. Zoot., ix., p. 578 (1902) ; Grant Jonrn. F.M.S. Mns., iii., p. 17
(1908).
The White-})ellied Munia was lacking from the F.M.S. Museums
collections until a specimen was obtained at Temengoh, Upper Perak,
in August, 1909. Since then it has been taken in Negri Sembilan but
it appears to be uncommon in the Western States ; though it has
turned up in large niimbers from the lowlands of Pahang.
'2:VA
ON FIVE NEW 81T. SPKCIK.s ol' oiaKNT.U. s<^ri|{j;KLS.
UV HERBERT V. KUBIXSOX, . .m.z.m., kni. H. C. WItiHWillTON'. t.i..
(PnhIi.-!/H'(l hij jicniilxKinn of thr Tniyf>rM >,/ !/,,■ linti^li .)f>i^.u„i )
SCMUrs i;i'()\l(.l'llMi;i s M||,l.|:it(. #m/>»/i. ««r.
A LOCAL form of .S'. I'lKiiiiojilioriin dillVi-int; fpim tin* iiiun' n<»rtlnTu
8('. e. ilarixonl in itn juilt-r L^t'iicr;il (iiluiiriiii^.
Size rather smaller that tvpical .S--. ri,i,i,i',i>li<,,>i" iiml ,SV. ♦•. ,hirim,ii{,
]>nt with a relatively Ioniser tail.
CtKneual colour. — Above, y.'llowish (.li\.'. Im-I.iw '•.li-.i)..;,'n-v.''
Tiulividiuil hairs of l)atk ( L5 mm. lon<,') haviiit,' liasal '. lihick, iiKHliaii '
laitty wliite with a faint narrow mt'djaii Mackish rin^r, t<>rniiiial ' Ma«k
with a median Imffy rini,' {'1 Jiim. widi-). Nt^k and Hank patchi-H
"Imff." Individual hairs uf tail, '-i-t mm. loni; whitisli Iniffv with four
rin<,'s and tip (4-5 nim. wide) lilack. extrt'iiif tijt uf tail Ma<k. Hand^
and feet coloTired like liaik l>ut the pale I'lciiinit |.ur<- whit*- in pla«-oi.f
liuffy. white.
Skull. — A.s in tyjucal epomojihonix.
Dimensions of thk Type,— Head and l>ody. 'l-M -. fail. IVI . hind-
foot, 47 miu,
Skull. — Greatest lenfi;th, o4; basilar lrnL,'th, U : zy^oniatir hrt-adth,
82; nasals, 16; interorlntal In-eadth, 19; upj)er molar series. 11 mm.
Habitat. — Trau^-, Siamese Malay States (West Coast).
Very many specimens from localitifs ranirin;.' from Tr.m;; .south-
wards to Kedah (Flowfr roll.) l»ut fxatt northern. >oiithfni andea^tfm
limits not yet determined.
Type.— Adult male: B.M. No. o.lo.l.-".. (•oll.Tt,.! I.v I>r. W I,
Ah>x)tt, 20th February, 181MJ.
Remarks. — In this form the neck and Hank jwitrhes atv ahnost a>
distinctlv marked as in thf ty[)ii'al Sr. i'ii<,nii>ii/ioriiH from tin- i-I.uul of
Salaui^a and the adjacent coast. thoui,'h in a nuich jialcr shad«« of
colour. In Sr. >■. ihirixi,iii these patehes aii' muih le>s i|i>tin< t whili-
in Sc. e. jiumitmlix the Hank patches are scarcely ;i|ipniial>le thuii^li
the neck ones are well markeil.
stiruis i:i'()M(H'ii(iKi s n.i mww \^.^> > ,,,. uor.
A local form of Sr. > iinnioji/iorii-'. still paler than th«' last and with
a proportionately longer tail.
Size rather larirer than the Tram; form.
General colour, .\bove olive-<^'n>y. U-low whitish-^Toy. nlnioiit
white on the chest. Individual hail's ol Imck (.*><» nun. lonu*. Im.-mI
.', Idack. median '. bufl". terminal ', bhuk with a white rini; (2 nun.
broad). Neck and Hank pat<-hes " bufT."
Tail like lack, stronirly tipj^^d with black, hands and U-*'t |«ler
than in Sr. ,-. uiilh'ri, the timrers and tt)oa nilverv white.
2U
Skull. — ^Lari^vi" liiaii in uny niciuhcr of tlic i^roiip tliul we liave seen.
Dimensions of the Type. — Head and bodj, 234 ; tall {c) 270 ;
hind-foot, 60 mm.
Skull.— Greatest len^'th, 69; basilar Icno-tli, 4(16; zygomatic
In'eadtli, 33; nasals 17; intororliital breadth. 20; upper molar series,
n mm.
Habitat. — N. Siam (Tvpe from Mi'tiing ra]iids, alt. HUO feet).
Type.— Adult male : B.M. N<x 7.11.13.17. Collected and presented
to the British Museum hv T. H. Lyle, Esq.
Specimens Examined. — Foui-.
SCIURrS CVSTANEIVEXTKIS liDXHOTlvl , siih.y). nor.
Size ratlier large.
General colour. — Ahove a fine tawny grizzle ; helow chestnut.
Pace, hands and feet like hack, but grizzle finer. Tail like hack, hut
grizzle hecomiiig rapidly coarser and developing distally into a
transverse l)arred pattern, l)lack and tawiiy.
Dimensions of the Type. — (Measured on the skin.) Head and
hody, 270; tail, 200; hind-foot, 54; ear, 24 nun.
Skull. — Greatest length, 62; grea^test hreadth, 34; nasals, 16;
diastema, 12.6; upper molar series, 11 mm.
Habitat. — Szechuen, China (Type from Chin Chien San).
Type,— Adidt female : B.M. ^o. 8.8.11.25. Collected and presented
to the British Museum by Mr. F. W. Styan.
SCri'RrS C'AST.\Xi:rVEXTRIS MICHIAXUS, sk'jS}^ »<'f.
Size rather smaller.
General colour. — Above a grey grizzle, giving the general effect
of '-hair brown"; below "hazel." Face, hands and feet coloured
like the ])ack ; ears like the belly. Tail like l)ack l)ut the grizzle
growing coarser, until it constitutes in the distal half an indistinct
transverse black and yellowish barred pattern, the tip l)lack l)ut
disguised by the long white tips of the terminal liairs.
Skull.-— vSmall and slenderly built, teeth small.
Dimensions op the Type. — (Measured on ;the skin). Head and
body, 240 ; tail, 180 ; hind-foot, 60 ; ear, 26 mnL*
Skull.— Greatest length (c) 60; greatest l)r(Vidtii (<■) 30; nasals,
16.6 ; diastema, 11.6 ; upper molar series, 9.6 mm.
Habitat.— Yunnan, South China (Typo from Mee Chee).
Type.— Adult female: B.M. No. 8.11.14,13. Collected on 6th
Janriary, 1903, and presented to the British Mu.seum l>v Mr.
F. W. Stvan.
RCIUEUS XOTATUS BALSSITOXT. srihsp. nor.
A local race of the Javanese 8c. notatm from which it is
distinguished by the darker colouring above and the brighter colouring
of the lower surface and by a In-oad pale ring round the eve not
present in the ty])ical /S'r. nofalus from VVestern Java.
_•)•)
Size and (iKNKUAi- cokoi-k. As in l\|.ital .SV. iiot,ilii» but «lurki'r
al)Ove; helovv " pinkish-l.ntf," l>ut ii;, the luiirh liuvi- Ion;; l.|ju-k l»m«o»t,
tlio cDlouriii-- iiiucli (lis}^Miist'il exi-i-pt on inm-r h'u\vh of linilw wlieiv the
liairs an' entirely l.iilT. A Imnul " |.inkisli.lMifT " rin^' }\>uw\ the eve,
extending- (l(i\vn\vui<ls over the eheek. Haii.ls an<l f.ct s|.arHi-lv
ehjthed witli white ti|>|>e<l hairs as in true Sr. notaht"
DliMKNSIONS OK THi: TyI'K. ( iSleasure.l in Ih.- Il.-li I II. -.el .iiei
body, 215; tail, 173; hind-f-iot, 45; ear, I'l mm.
Skull.— Greatest len^'th. I'.': Lasilar l.ni,'tli. :i'.» ; /.y^onuitii-
breadth, 28; nasals, ll ; intei-orl«ital lirea<llh. I*!; hrainease liii-a«ltli,
22 : (liasteiua, 12 -. u|i]mt molar series. !•. (i mm.
Habitat. — Southern Central Java (tyjK' front Tjilatiap).
Type.— Adult male: B.M. No. ;».1.5.70(.;. Uri^'inal NumUr •;<»:{,
collected l)y Mr. G. C. Shortrid;,'e on l«jth OetoU'r, H'n". and pn--
.seuted to the British Museum Ky Mr. W. E. Balston.
Kemauks. All the old iiames lor .S'c Hy/<»/M«— viz., IhhIJuhj,
plantani and hilinetitus — were directly or indireitly hased on IViuniut'ri
Phnitaln Squirrel from Batavia and Princes Island. Horstield wan
no douht deuliuLT with the present race as he mentions the eye|»iit«li,
Imt he tailed it pl.tufani. While therefore the form fmni Hataiviu
must he called //o/(////.< that from South Central and prolialily Ea.stern
Java has so far remainrcl mniained.
A LIST OF A SMALL COLLECTION oK MAM.MAl.s .\NI»
BIllDS FKOM THE MOUNTAINS OF ll-t L.\.\<;AT.
SELAN'iOli.
I!n II C. itOlUNSON, 1-..M.Z.H.. M.ll.n.C.
TTNTIL the present rollection was nuide the .vmthern limit of wlmt
^ Las Irvu ternu'd the Himalayo-Soudaie element in th«' fauim \t{
the Malay Peninsula had Jxvn [dated at the (rintinic Bidei Push leudiuK
across th(> Main Kan;4e of the IVninsula from Selan^ror to Puhan^'. at
an elevation of alioul 2,oOt> feet. On the moiuitains north of this line.
ahove 3,000 feet, tlif domijiaat sjK'cies of birds uiv of Hinmlayan or
Suniatran facies, while further to the south on th«' hills of Nt^ri Seiii-
bilan and on Mount Ophii on the Johore-Malaeean iH.nler. which
approach or slii,ditly exceed k<>iK) feet, sueli forms an* entiivly al»M>iit.
The Massif on which the present eoliection wju made at elevttti..n»
slii^'htly uiuler an<l over 4.0<M> fiit lies to the .south-west .>f (tindiii^
Bidei and attains in Biikil Nuan_' a maxiiuuni height of ttU»ut MXH)
feet.
The aetual locality visited was ou the head-'Wiiten* of the biupit
river near the suuunit of a mountain known to the loi'al Snkuin «*
MenaiiLT Oasiui,'. Fiv,- of tl «• l>yak eolN^ to|-> of the MntH>uiii» -j-'Ut
leu (lavs t'lere at the end o| M,i\ .md the eonimeneeiueut of Juuo,
li»ll.
2:]()
MAMMALS.
I. JfATlFA MELAXOl'EPLA, Millkr.
Batiij'a iiuiai(02)t'2>l(i. Miller, " ProL-. Acad. Sci. Washington,'' ii, p.
71 (1900).
2 ?.
These si)et'iuiens agree well with a series of topotypes from Trang
in the western Siamese Malay States. The species is not usually
found at such an altitude as 4,000 feet.
•^. SCIIKI'S NKiROVITTATUS .TOHORIvXSlS, Hon. and Wkoioht.
Sciurm nUjrovittatii^ johorensls, Eob. and Wrought, ante, p. 160.
1 ?.
Practically identical with the types of the suh-sj^ecies from
Southern Johore.
.-). SCIURl'S MINIATUS, :\Jijj.ei;.
Sciarus iiutatiis tultikda^, Miller, " Proc. Acad. Sci. Washington,"
ii, p. 79 (1900).
2 ?.
Not diifering from Trting topotypes.
I. SCIIRUS TENUIS TAHAX, Bomiote.
Sc'mras tahaii, Bonhote, " Journ. Fed. Malay States Miis.," iii, p.
6 (1908).
2 ?.
Inseparal)le from a large series from the type locality and from
more northern sections of the Selangor Main Range.
5. SCIUKI'S MACCLELLANDI NOVEMLINEATUS, Millkk.
Sc!i(}-i(s noveDiUneatas, Miller, " Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington," xvi,
lZU7 (1903).
This is the most southerly locality from which any form of this
wide-spread species has been obtained. The locality, Malacca, which is
assigned to it by Bonhote is almost certainly erroneous, except in the
most generalised sense.
c. :\irs CILIATI'S, BoMiOTK.
Mils, dliahi, Bonhote, P. Z. S. 1900, p. 879, pi. xvi.
2 <?.
This species is only met with at considerable elevations and is on
record from Clunong Inas (Perak), Clunong Mengkuang Lebah and
Bukit Kutu (Selangor) and Gunong Tahan (Pahang), in each case from
considerably above 3,000 feet. It is closely allied to Mm edwwrcid,
Thos., from Fokien, China.
7. MLS VOCIFERAXS, .MiLLKK.
Mas vuclferans, Miller, "Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,"' xiii, p. 1888
(1900).
A single foiiuile specinieu.
This rat occurs everywhere in the Peninsula from as far north as
has been zoologically expLn-ed to the extreme south and from sea level
to iiliout .",.(H)(> tVc(. 'I'll.- pii'sciii c.iNf. Ii.)\\.-\.r, i.s tli4- .iiiK <»in« In
which it has Ihmmi IouikI as.si)i'iat«Ml with tin- ).n'.-.-(|in.^f siH-d.-n fr<»iii
which it is nevertheless exfremelv distinct.
^. \ll > I'll.I.AX. Mri.iiii.
Mas 2idh(.r, Miller, loc. cit. sii|irii, |>, 1 t"
A siiifrk- IViiiiilr.
Widely distril>iite«l tlnoiiLclioiit tin' I*ciiiii>iila, Imt nut nearU mt
conuuon as }fitx suri/vr. Miller.
!'. Tii'Aiv ii:ki{| (.im;\ ii;kki (.im;\. Kvihkv
TuiHtta /t'rni(jitii'<i. KatHcs. " Trans. Linn. Sih-.. " \iii. |». *Jotj (\H'2'2).
1 <?.
10. IIVI.OMVS si II. I. is. mIi.i.kI! am. s, iiii:.>.r.
Hi/l'>i,n/.-f ■<iiillii.~:. Mill], and Selile;^'. " Verluindl. Manila., " \>. l'>'l. pi.
XXV, lii,'s. 4-7, pi. x.wi, H-. 1 (1839-44).
A siuii^le female of this extremely rare inscctivon- Wii> !r.i|i|x <l Imt
was almost destroyed liy ants leavini; littlf hut a portion of tin* (lorsiil
skin and the skull. It appears to lack the nn-dian dorsiil stri|><- which
is fjenerally present in Bornean examples. The sjiifies is ^enenilly
credited to the Malay Peninsula hut we are unawan- of the «>xiMten«-i*
of any specimen from localities south of Southfrn T»'na.>4«erini, where
it has Ix'en obtained l>y Dr. W. L. Ahhott ( Li/»„, I'lor. V. ,S. Sul.
Mi'.<., xxxvi, p. 4oG. pi. y*.; ( U>UO).
BIKDS.
• I. .vuiJoiuroi.A ( VMi'itLi.i.i i:..iii\-..N.
Arhoriruhi runijihclll, Kohinson. ••Journ.. Fed. Mai. Stat*-?.. Mu».,"
ii.. p. 1(37 (ll»Oi»).
A i)air.
;;. .MACKOl'Vt.IA lU lien's iTkum.i
O^y. '.•(■/. [.. 170.
1 cJ.
:t. .\\r||<iK.M^ \\II< TV (Tkmm.)
K(il>inson, "f. rif. p. 17:!.
• I. l'^ UOlKlM.oN i:i{Mlllv<M l.l'll \l,l !* (iivlLliN
O2J. cit. p. 170.
1 ?.
.-,. C^ A.N"I'> MYsT\< 'fl'HA.M.- Imv .
Ol>. r!f. p. 171).
1 cJ.
,;. 1 ^ \\Mr> <>i>|;|| Mini'
0^,. .//. p. 17;'.
• ;. r.>iL(»ro(«<).\ I'VRDLorHi."* iMimii.
OlK r!t. p. ISO.
I (^ iiniii.
2:;s
* 8. (MaiXL'.S UOD(U;UI, 11aktki:t & Uvilkr.
Oji. ell. p. 180.
] J ; 1 J iiiiin.
11. I'YRRHOl'lCUS POIU'IIVUOMELAS (TJoiE).
Op. dl. p. 182.
J <?.
1(1. I'HUVSOIMILKGMA HIMU, Hunarr.
Op. fit. p. 183.
1 ?.
11. (_'ALYl'T().\li;N.V \lRli)I.S, KAFrj.KS.
Op. rlt. p. 184.
1 ?•
t 12. I'.S.VRISO.MTS I.)ALH(.)rsiAK (.lAMKyoM.
Op. cit. p. 184
1 c? ; I ?•
t la. SKlULOrillfti UOTHSl'lllLDI, HAiiiJiHT & JUltlkk.
Op. clt. p. 185.
1 ¥.
Since tlie date of my pajier (piloted above we liave obtained addi-
tional specimens of this beautiful Broadbill at Temens^'oli, in Upper
Perak, at comparatively low elevations not exceeding 500 feet.
*11. A^■TillPE.S MALAYAXA, Siiakpk.
Op. rli., p. 188.
G c?.
* V,. NILTAVA (iKAM)lS Diail'lJi.NS, Salvah.
Op. clt., p. 188.
1 <?, 1 V.
■ li;. C'RYl'TOLorilA in TLr;R], IIu:ti:i;t. .
Op. fit., p. 11)1.
1 ?•
This species seems widely though sparsely distrilmted throughout
the length of the Peninsular Main Range. In addition to the specimens
recorded above we possess a skin collected at Telom, 3,500 feet, on
the Perak-Pahang Ijoundary in November, 1908.
17. Ar.RORXIS 8CHWAXERI (Tejim.).
Op. cit., p. 191.
1 ?.
Widely distrilaited throughout the length of the Main Eange from
its foot to over 4,000 feet.
* 18. ARTAMIUE.S LARUTENSIS, Sjiarpe.
Op. cil., p. 19-2.
1 <?.
*I9. PERR'R0C0TU8 MOXTAX'US, ii.\hYsr>.
Op. fit., p. 192.
) J J 1 ^ , 1 (? iiiidi.. I ^' iiuiii.
2:;n
♦•Jo. (■|ll.ni;.ii'>|N II \|;|i\\ |c Ml. .) \i(i.. A sttni.
Oy/. cif.. i>. 11':;.
I 3.
Jl. Mi:\ll\l > I IMiKIM S ,l!i.\iii..
OjK cit., [.. VJo.
♦22. lOLIO Tl( Ki:i.l,l l'\K\r|:.Ns|s H u:iei:t \ lU iikk.
lolij Ijeract'itsis, o\t. fit., \>. llM.
I <?.
•-•:!. ri{IM<;i;i{ o( |li;\( ii> M-.oick.
Oj;. r<7.. p. 11)5.
1 ?.
♦•JK TUlAllAJ-Oi'TI.KO.N I'l.M .\:^U. AL, Mi.iiUK.
Oy-. rll.. [). 197.
-'(? ; 1 V.
'•J5. Mi;i.\N<it It ni.\ i,i<;ii:Ki> iMrLLtiM
OjA c!t., p. 1!»7.
1 (? ; -' V .
*■-''•.. I'o.M A'n»|{|IIM > \\K\\I. SiivniT.
Op, fit., \K H»7.
1 ?.
♦27. IMIIN'M |( III.A MITi;\TV i Ml ' i.ti: p.
Oj>. rit., p. 11)7.
•js. lii;i>l.M> l.i>i;n \Ti> '\h'LLtui.
Op. rU., p. 11)1).
Ill the Pfuiusulii this .sja-cii-.s lias liitluTt" oiilv Urn t"<»uii"l iii
Selau|j:<>r K'twi't'ii •-',<"><) aiul t.UUU feet.
♦ .".'. n i{i»iNri,i >- (.Kwii. ituiiM...M>.
Op. cit., p. liMl.
It?.
':(o. CORYTiKX it-HLA LKl tO^TK T.\, miakik.
Op. cH., p. 201.
\6 \ If'.
•;ji. AU iiM'i; i'i;ka< i:.\>«i>. muuik.
Op. rit., p. -JOl.
IJ ; -' » .
• ;ij. l'>i:i |M>\||M,\ NiiKtiK ^lUKir.
Op. cH.. ).. -iol.
1 f'.
;:;. ^l'\'IIVi:i> |t\\|x>.M sii»Kr»..
0//. '•<■/., p. -J* 'J.
'.Jl. MA(ll\KI^ (MIO^ol*^ Ki-iixi.-M'.
Sl,ir/iifiii< rhrijfiiea boi'iiijii. op. eit. [>. -":i.
y-c, ii'ii.
*.i,-). URACHYPTERYX- AVRAYr, Grant.
Op. cU p. 204.
*3t;. SIBIA WRAYI, Gkaxt.
Sihia ivmi/l, Grant, Bull. B.O.C. xxv, p. 98 (1910).
Sibia simillima, Robinson, op. cit. p. 204.
*.{7. SIVA SORDllUOR. SirAKi-i;.
Oj). r!f. p. 204.
Ic?.
*;is. I'TKUYTim'S TAHWKNSIS, ll\KTi:itT,
Op. cU. p. -^m.
■:iii. Mh;siA AI{(;i;XT\rRlS, M(H.(;f<<)\.
Op. cit. [K 205.
:3 c?.
' m. i'N(>i;i'V(iA i,i:i'ii>\. s.\i,\\\>.
Op. elf. p. 205.
n. CITTOCIXCJ-A MACRIRA ((Jm.).
0^^ twV. p. 208.
1 9 i'niii.
I--'. SITORIA MAI ILlCOLJvlS (F. Muokk).
Op. cli. p. 208.
* l-i. DKMtJWl'HJLA AZUREA (Less.).
O^j. (•//. p. 210.
* U. CISSA KORLVSONI, Gka.nt.
Oy. cit. p. 210.
2 ¥■
The Blue Hunting-crow has now been found to be distributed
over all the high mountains of the Federated Malay States at eleva-
tions exceeding 3,500 feet.
' r.. lillRLNGA REMIFER (Ti5M.\i..),
0^. aV. p, 211.
1 (?; I ?.
* n;. ORIOLUS (.OXSAXGHXEIS, M akdlRa.ms,
Op. cit. p. 211.
♦ 17. AETHOi'YGA WRAYI, SiiAi:i-i;.
Op cit. p. 212.
1 (?.
IN. AKYCHNOTHERA 1-OXGIROSTKLS (Latii.j.
Op. cit. p. -213.
1 3.
5i.l
•IV. AK\<HN(>tii|;k \ \|\(.N.V (II^.IHJ^,.
Oj). cit. p. 214.
3 <j.
Out of the 49 species of Mnls pr.xuivj, :3:{ ( iniiik«-<l witli ;iu
asterisk) are strictly confiiit'd. mo far as tlif PmiiiHiila i-* cuik i'nn-<l. to
the zone above :3,0(»() foot, while thrco ( imirkeil with ii (lauiitT) iin* o(
only acc'idt'utal oeturnMice Ix'low that lintit. Of tin- n'lnuindtT. nix
may lx> c-las.sed as subnionlanc \vhil<' only scsi-n ai'«' '^MK-nilh met with
at low elevations.
Compared with the list of 8<I si>eci»'s from tin- hillK of Ni'>jri
Sembilaii (« ///*-(», p. 21i*) it will Ih> ohservcd that only ton sjMH-ies -riT. :
Macropygia rufieeps
Nyctiornis amicta
Chotorhea mystaeophaues
Pyrrhopicus porphyromelas
Calyptoin«'na viridis
Ahrornis schwain'ii
Ht'uiixus rinercus
Sta(divris davisoni
Chrysophlefrma humei Cittocintda ma«runi
are common to both lists, while of these It) s|)ecie«. .seven an- hiw-land
species, three are submontane and none an' IukIi elevation forms.
It is, therefore. I think, fairly evident that at some com|»anitively
recent time a barrier has existed l^'tween the mountains of Soutliern
Selan«.,'or and their continuation in Ne<^'ri Sembilan, sufti.ient to j.n--
vent the extension of the dominant continental and Sumatran form
southwards. It is evident, also, that this barrier must liave lieen a sub-
stantial one, as wide stretches of low eoiuitry separatin-^' the Gunonir
Tahan Ranges from the l»ackbone of tlu' Peninsula have nut sufficed to
effect any specific differentiation in the fauna of the two nmges.
Such evidence as is afforded l»y the small numli«'r of mannmils
found at hi-h elevations also lM\irs o\it the same contention.
ON NEW MAMMALS FROM THE MALAY PENINSULA
AND ADJACENT ISLANDS.
15V HKlMJKin' C. KolMNSON. • .M./.v. anh I. ItODKN Kl."'^- • ^
1. lin'l'(>SI|)KK(>S UI Dl. KYI, »/». <"•<■.
TYPE.— Adult male in spirit with extnu'ted Mkull. No. 2«Mi^ 11.
Selangor Museum. Collected in the Hotani.- (lard.-nH. Sin;ra-
pore, by H. N. Kidley, Escp. in June, I'.'l 1.
Characters.— A saucer- slmix^d disc in front of th.* n..^tnU ftJ"»v.>
the hori/.ontal m..'*e leaf. No suppl.'mentary n-.s.. Lmv.-, ..i. th !.-,
of muzzle.
Colour.— Dried from spirit. Hairs of inl.ice aUuit 1" nun. in
lenrth. the tij.s dark-brown. the Uises dull brownish-'white for two-
thirds the lenu'th. Eur extending on to the wini; mombn»ne«. «Um«
and Ih'Iow. for about 7 unu. from the sides of the JhhIv. Membnin.>*.
sooty-brown to black, inferior edge of the antebmrhium nftir-mly
edsxed with dull y.-llow.
242
Nose-leaf. — Anterior horizontal nose-leaf covering the end of the
muzzle, slightly eniarginate at the front and at the sides, sinnons in
section, Tn-oadest posteriorly. Nostrils surrounded by laminae; in
front of and between the nostrils a concave circular disc connected
with the front of the leaf and the base of the sella l)y low ridges
of membrane. Sella broadly cordiform, narrower than the nose leaves,
with slight wart-like prominences along its upper edge, the centre
slightly projecting, the base with, a faintly bisected concavity. Hinder-
nose-leaf with rounded margin, the front surface concave and divided
vertically into four cells ; posterior surface with a broad projecting
fold of skin.
A l>road frontal glandular sac, situated between two warty
prominences.
Ears. — Ears l)road, the tips rectangular, oiiter margin very
slightly concave below the tips, then slightly convex, the outer edges
strongly folded near the base ; extending to the end of muzzle when
laid forward and connected by a low ridge of skin.
Wings and Membranes. — Wings from the tarsus ; interfemoral
membrane concave between the extremities of the calcanea, extreme
tij) of tail free.
Skull and Teeth. — Skull most nearly resembles that of H. Incolor
l>ut is more elongate, the zygomata relatively narrower, the sagittal
crest less developed and the nasal swellings more dilated. P - is more
develojied and is situated well within the tooth-row : it is relatively
m\\i-\\ larger than the same tooth in H. galeritus.
Measurements (from spirit specimen). — Head and body, 49; tail,
24; hind-foot, 7.8; tibia, 19.5; fore-arm, 47.2; third metacarpal, 34;
fourth metacarpal, 35.4 ; fifth metacarpal, 35 mm.
Breadth of posterior nose leaf, 9.0 ; breadth of sella, 7.8 ; breadth
of horizontal nose leaf, posteriorly, 8.2 ; anteriorly, 4.3 ; height of
posterior nose leaf from crown, 2.75; height of sella from base, 3.7;
greatest length of horizontal nose leaf, 6.75 ; diameter of nasal disc,
3.0. Length of ear, 22; breadth, 17 mm. Cranial measurements:
total length, 19.7; mastoid width, 10.8; width of brain-case, 8.8;
zygomatic width, 9.6 ; maxillar width, 6.8 ; anteorbital width, 6.1 ;
width across cingula of canines, 4.3 ; length of upper tooth-row, includ-
mg canine, 6.8 mm.
Specimens Examined. — One (the tvpe).
Remarks. — The nasal disc separates this species from all others of
the geiius though the alisence of supplementary leaves on the muzzle
;i Hit's it to H. hicoJor and H. (hrrhie.
TUPAIA PERRUGIXKA PEXAXGEXSIS, splsp vor.
Type. "Adult male (skin and skull). No. 1445/11, Selangor
Museum.
Collected at Telok Bahang. Penang Island, on the 2nd April, 1911,
bv E. Seimund.
L>13
Chakactkrs. — Siiiitll.T lliiin T /> rnujiii,,, j,r,ii,j',„ta mA «liilli-r uikI
paler a]»ove: diflfrs fmni T. j. nllhln^niil mul otli.-r n..iili.'ni nui-ti in
having the ferruginous tint of the hark »'xt«'udiug <m t<» tlw Hli.iiiM..r>»
Colour. — UpiH'r-surfiuc griz/led blut-k and fi-miginnuH, Monifwlmt
olivaceous on the head and najM'. SliouM.T Ktri|»'H. widl nuirked.
yellowish l>utV. Undfi-surtiu-.' yellowish l»uft'. l.riu'ht.'Nt on tin* thrutii.
the hairs of the r.-utn- of the al«l<iiii»-ii and fh'- liml.- with (^rpyiiili
hases.
Tail altovc. distinctly darker than the l»a<k. annuhit<-d towurdtt the
luise with black and whitish Imft'. the tips of the hairs gliKteniutf
yellow: Ik'Iow. the whitish annulation< i'l .'v.-.-- tl,.. v...t..i,ni- rlud
witli short Mack and grey hairs.
Feet, lilackish hrown, speckled with ydluss I. nil.
iNfEASUREMKNTS.— Colh'ctor's external nieii.surementA taken in the
flesh: head and body, 173; tail, ir>,5: hind-foot, 42 : ear. 1«» nnn
Cranial measurements : gn-atest length, .'>(►.] ; l»asilar length. Ui.ft :
palatilar length. -16.9 ■ palatal hn-adth. H.2 : zygomatic hn-adth. -l-iM :
interorbital breadth, 12.9; cranial bn-adth. li'.O; bn-adth of ruMtruni
at diastema, G.8 ; length of rostrum at la>lir\ nial notch. Jl.:5; up|* i
molar serie.s, 15.0 mm.
Specimens Examined. — Twenty, all fii'in the t\\>i> locality.
Remark.s. This race is more closely assiniated with the Sin;,'5H;ore
and Southern Peninsular form than those occurring on the islands and
iii.iinlanil to the north, from which it ilitVers princi|i;i]l\ in colonnttiou.
t ItOClDI K\ MAI.WVN \. M,K „„r.
Type.— Adult female (skin and skull). No. h^'d II. Stdaiigur
Museum. Collected on Maxwells Hill, near Taipin^'. I'er.ik. :i.8<M> fin*!.
on ioth April, 1910, by E Seimund.
Ch.a.i:.\cters. — Intermediate in si/.e U-twecn ('lociihirn J»l'njiift^*
and C. uuijor* and darker than either.
Colour. - Dark rusty iron-grey throughout, the Imw of the fur
<4rev. Feet, hands and tail very thinly clad with Hooty liairs. the ImmiI
half of the latt«'r furnished with a few .scattered long wiiite llair^.
Skull AXI> Ti:ETH. Do not difb'r iti .h:!!:!. t.Tv fr-.m th.ise ..f lb.-
above- men tione<l races.
Measuke.me.nts. — Colk'ctor's exti-rnal nu a.«.urenient«. t.iken lu tb«-
fle.sh : head and Itody. H(»: tail. .'>7 : hind-f<K.t, \'\ . <Mr. 11 mm.
Cranial measin-enient> of the ty|M':+ gn»ateKt length <exclu«lintf
incisors), 21.8: Iwisal length, 19..''): |«ilat«l lenirth, 99: huhrymal
brea<lth <»f r.^stnnu, 4.4: go'atest ante-orbital bnadth, 7:1; gn'sil«-*t
♦ ranial breadth, lO.O; entin* maxillary tooth-row ( includinu' iueii««>n»t.
10.1 ; entiiv mandilmkir tooth-row (inchiding lucinorHl. 9.:l mm.
Specimens Examixep. Five. in<hidinir two fmm th.» ty|ii»ln»*ality.
• Antr, p. 177.
t For nienenifinonti nf ntH'tluT .ulnU li'tunli' ♦*••• ■'»'••, p l!'
2M
Kkmakk.s. — JJotli si/.t' and coluui' dilTerentiat*^ this animal from tlie
other Peninsuhir races ; in dimensions it closely approaches C. weheri.
Jcntink, * from Western Sumatra, of which it may eventually prove to
1h' the Malayan representative.
K.VTl FA Al'FlMS JOHOREX.SIS, sii/jsp. voo.
Ratufa athnis typica, Bonhote (nee SrJafer), "Ann. Ma<^. Nat.
Hist.'' (7), V. p. 495 (1900).
Ratufa affinis johorensis, " Trouessart. Cat. Mamm.," p. 308, No.
o.018(Y (1904) (iiomen nudniit).
Ratufa attinis (ttnh. lege), "Miller, Proc. Acad. Sci. Washington,"
ii. ]). 77 (1900).
Type. Adidt female (sldn and skull), No. 1090/11, Selangor
Museum. Collected at Padang- Tuan, Segamat, N. W. Johore, 25th
February, 1911, by Mxiseum Collector.
Characters. — Intermediate between Ratufa ajfinis afjinla (Raf-
fles.), from Singapore Island, and Ratvfa affinis anreiventer (Geoffr.),
from the territory of Malacca. From the former it differs in having
the hands the feet concolorous with the rest of the limbs and in the
reduction of the dark area on the cheeks and ears and from the latter
in having the lielly pure white, sharply differentiated from the
sides.
Colour. — Bleached pelage. Above pale cream, head darker and
more l)uft.y, the hairs without any visible annulations. Muzzle, a
patch beneath and in front of the ears, whitish. A narrow ring-
round the eye seal-l)rown. Ears pale seal-l)rown on their (,)uter aspect,
more or less ochraceous on the inner side. Limbs from the shoulders
and thighs ochraceous-) tuft', hardly paler on the hands and feet. A
stri])e of paler ochraceous-buif from the shoulder to the thigh, inter-
rupted by a not very conspicuous white patch on the outer aspect of
the thigh. Tail whitish-l»rown above, beneath with the proximal half
of the hairs whitish, the tips mingled brownish and buffy. Midril)
whitish-brown, beneath pure white quite sharply defined from th<i
sides.
Measurements. — Collector's external measurements taken in the
flesh: head and body, 300; tail, 405; hind-foot (without claws) 70:
ear 25 mm. Skull: greatest length, — ; basilar length, — ; zygomatic
lir«'adth, 41.5 ; greatest length of nasals, 21.8 ; diastema, 14.9 ; cranial
l>i-eadth, 31.1 : interorbital l>readth. 2(3.3 ; upper molar series, 13.3 mm.
Remarks.— Mr. Miller has already (loc cif. siq^ra) remarked that
the Johore pak^ Batvfa wmild probably prove distinct from that of
Singa])ore, while Prof. Trouessart has applied a name, withovit descrip-
tion, wiiich we have adopted. Besides the type we have seen other
specimens from the Sembrong River further south in Johore, but these
were in bad condition and without skulls or measurements.
* Tn Wehei-'s " Zool. Ergebn, Reis, Nierlerland Ost-Indio," 1, p! 124 (1890).
u\Tri\ Mi:i,\\iii-i:i'i \ \-\:\\\t,i:sniH. titl*p. »■■
Type. —Adult nialf (skin un.l slviillj, No. l:i4H||. N.|.inu'<»r
Must'Uin. Collected iit Telok Haliaii^,', I'.-naii^; Island, l.\ ii S ii.iuud,
on 11 til Manli, l:»ll.
CiiAU.\( I'KKS. Similar to li. ///. /V.7» //^i,*,* Tiios. and Wr.iij„dit, iit
colour but smaller in size, ;,'reat<>st len^,'tli of hKuII m-vrr i-\.f<-dmu' "••
mm. Size altout e(|iial to h'. m. tinniniii-nxisj .Militr. I.ut .tlMlMUifli
mucdi bri»jjhtor.
Colour. — Upper-surraci-, ;ind cut in' tail with ilic except ion «»f ft
narrow ocdu'aceous stivak at the lia.se of under-.surluce. Mjuk ; Udow,
ricdi tawny ochraceovis, this eoloin* extending; on the outer side of the
neck to the ears and over the front «.f the fon'dindi. No tnu-e of u
pale nutdial sj)ot. A small tawnv nchraccous ))afch i>n the inner nide
of the hind-foot.
Measurements. — Colleetor's external incasurement.s taken in the
flesh: head and body, 322 ; tail, 372 ; hind-foot, "•! ; ear. 3U nun.
Cranial measiu'cments : <,'reatest len^'th, t!H.3 : condylo-biisilur
length, 57.1; palatilar len;,'th. 2').3 ; diast«'nia. ll.O; u|»ikt niohir
series, 14.2; interorbital breadth. 27.2; /yL,'.iniatic breadth. 12 2:
greatest length of nasals. 22.2 mm.
Specimens Ex.\MrNKi>. — Twenty, all from the fy|.c l.M-ality.
Remarks.- The patch on the hind-foot is very variaide. sometime-
taking the form of a slight grizzling only, )»ut it is present in alniM^f
every s].x^cimen examined.
MIS Mi'i:i.i,i:iti 1 ii'.i>i:i:is. Huimp. M«r.
Typk.— Adult female (skin and skull). No. \f^M 11. Stdang.T
Museum. Collected at Tlu Temeng«di. Upin-r Perak, Federat«'<l Malay
States, by H. C. Robins.m and (". H. I\l..>s .,n the r.'th .luly. ltH»l».
OrigiaalNo. 2917.
Characters.— A mem)»er of the M„,U>,i irn.up a^'n^-inLr with
Mns vaVidux, Miller, in its large teeth. shajK- of the jarit-tals and in the
posterior terminations of the na.sals but diflering in smaUer size; with
relatively larger feet and slightly more inflated bulhe. From Mu*
hiiJlafiix^X Lyons, it is at om-e separatecl by its very nuidi smaller bidla^.
very large teeth, and pentagonal parietals.
Colour.— Above grizzled brown and Lull. lH-r<iming irn'ver on flie
sides and darker on tlic rump owing to the presence of nunnTons l,.nu'
Idack bristles. Lowi-r-surface buffy while, tlie hairs with faint i;n->
bases. Hands and feet very thinly clad, the former brownish the
latter white with <lark centres. Tail bliuki»»h bn)wu thruuKhuut.
* " Annals inid .Nhi^'ii/inc of Natiiriii llisterv," ncr. H, rol. iv, p. 535 (IttHOb
+ '• riocceilinga of the WasnliinKimi .\t-n«loniy of SiMcnw*," 'rol. ii. p. 210 ( U*«0.
I Lyon, " Proc. L'. S. Nnt. Mn-.' xxviv. n, iWS (U«»*». «^«»' S.-ptomUT. l(K».
iliiii rUioxu^, Kloss. " .louni.. Fi<l.i-nt.><1 Mnlay .<iintt'H Mu««uin«." ll,p. IWlNt
OcK.l.cr. l!»o<iK
24(5
Skull and Teeth. —Skull fairly lightly Imilt not heavily ridged.
Nasals narrowing to a point posteriorly and extending beyond the
preniaxillary suture. Bullae somewhat dilated, more so than in
M. va]l(h(s. l)ut not approaching those of M. annavdalii and M. hiillaiHs
or those of the mitm group. Teeth large, larger than those of the
much larger animal, Mtis validus,
Measusbments. — Collector's external measurements taken in the
Hcsh: head and body, 182 (236);* tail. 289 (280); hind-foot, 45
(45.6) ; ear, 21 (23) mm.
Cranial measurements: gl'eatest length, 48 (53.7) ; basilar length,
37.9 (44.7) ; palatilar length, 22.5 (24.4) ; breadth between anterior
molars, 4.0 (4.8) ; length of palatal foramina, 8.1 (8.3) ; diastema,
12.2 (14.2) ; length of upper molar row, 10.0 (9.6) ; median length of
nasals, 18.6 (22.7) ; greatest breadth of combined nasals, 5.6 (5.9) ;
interorljital breadth, 7.0 (8.2) ; cranial breadth, 18.5 (20.0) ; zygomatic
breadth, 22.5 (26.9).
Specimens Examined. — Two, the type and a sub-adult female
fromCinting Bidei, Selangor (Selangor Museum, No. 1798/09).
Kemarks. — This rat is evidently the peninsular representative of
the Sumatran Mus m^ielleri, Jentink, the type of which is stated by
Miller f to be a immature animal lacking the posterior portion of the
skull so that no actual comparison is possible. The dimensions given
being those of a mounted specimen can also only be regarded as very
approximate.
ON A HOENED OWL, NEW TO THE MALAY
PENINSULA.
By HERBERT C. ROBINSON, c.m.z.s., m.b.o.u.
BUBO COROMANDUf*. KLOSSII, siiLyj. )ioi\
A LOCAL race of Buho coromandm from Peninsular India Imt very
much darker than the typical form.
Adult male.— Above dull brown, head, ear-coverts and mantle
slightly darker; the nape and oiiter webs of the secondaries vermiculated
with whitish brown, the former with dark shaft stinpes. The under-
surfaee throughout vermiciilated with dark l)rown and whitish-brown
and with broad blackish-brown shaft stripes. Feathers of the thighs,
under wing-coverts and under tail-coverts similar but more buff. Iris
yellow, bill greenish-horn with black base, feet leaden. Total length,
21.5; wing, 15.7; tail, 8.7; tarsus, 2.55; bill from gape, 1.55 inch.
Type.— Adult male, Gunong Semanggol, North Perak, Malay
Peninsula, collected on 22nd Mav, 1910, by E. Seimund.
* ^[eRsurements in parentheses those of an adult female, Jf«s vaUdus
(Selangor Museum, No. 1854/11) from Maxwell's Hill, Taiping, Perak.
t " Proe. U. S. Nat, Mus." xxxiv, p. 64-7 (1909).
AiiotliLT spt'ciiiu'ii Iroiii M;ilai(ii Mtuii'il l.\ l>r. Maiii-^iv ih in llii-
Tweeddale coUectiuii in the British Museum, wlult- two iii.<untf<l
s]Mn-imL'n.s irom uus|ifiiHo<l localitifs in tin- Katll.'^ .\Iiih.-iiiii. Siii'^'a|Min',
are i>robably rolVralilc to this fonii.
Remarks. — According' to lihiiiford "Faun. Hrit. lud. Hirdn." iii,
\>. 287 (1895) I, BkLo riiroiiniinhin has not Ikhmi n-cordt-d I'roin furtht-r
south tliau Aracau so that tlie i)rt'sent ufcunt'iui- is a v«'rv (•4in«i<l»'ralili'
extension in ranj^je. I liave Ikm-u iinalilf to •■xaiuiiif aduh Clunew
specimens whieli may |Missil)ly |iio\e identical with this and not the
Indian raee.
F..M.:<. tlwrniiiKni l*n"w.
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