D^- 'YlNPAL.t, Steam AVIGATION AN ILLUSTRATED GfflDE ^ To r-~N StoomvcJ^i i Maatechappy "1 "Nederland 99 ii Headquarters : Prins Hghcfrikkade, 159/160, AM5TE.R0AM. Rotterdamsche Lloyd Headquarters ; Messrs. Ruys & Co., Veerkade 8,. ROTTERDAM. Regular Fortnightly Mail Service from AMSTERDAM, via Southamp ton, Lisbon, Tanger, Algiers, Genoa, Port Said, Colombo, Sabaiig, Singapore, to Java. ROTTERDAM, via Southamp- ton, Lisbon, Tanger, Gibraltar, Marseilles, Port Said, Colombo, Padang, to Java. Through Tickets Issued at favourable rate.s to all ports of the INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO and to Bangkok. Saigfon. :\raiiil]a. Hong- kong:, Shanghai, Japan and Australia. ROUND-THE-WORLD TOURS are airanged at special rates. TRIPS to the MEDITERRANEAN m con- nection with Coutiuenlal Railways. ROUND TRIPS from Ceylon and Singa- pore to lavn. AGLNT5 of the COMPANIES: 5.M.N. SOUTHAMPTON : R. L. Messrs. Keller, WaWis & Co. v. Messrs. Esconlbe, MacGralh & Co. LISBON : Messrs. Ernest George Succ ,, GENOA : Agenzia Maritima Olandese MARSEILLES: N^srs. Ruys & Co. COLOMBO : Messrs. Aitfc;!?n, Spance & Co. SINGAPORE and JAVA : The Ships Agency Ltd. (De Scheepsagentuur) Internationale Crediet and Handels Vereeniging " ROTTERDAM." AND ALL OVER THE WORLD. ,, NAIL WfSHt^hWL ""W^ -0-^ -.' NEDERLAND LINE: ROTTERDA^ Reg. Tonnage Koning Willem I. ... 4448 Wilii Koning Willem III. ... 4526 Rindjanl .. Oranie 4413 Opliir Rembrandt ... 5860 Kawi Vondel 5847 Tabanaii Grotius 5858 Sindoro Prinses Juliana 8300 Tambora Koningin der Neder- Goentoer . laiiden ... ,., 8300 Building Building 10,000 Keg. Tonnajie 4738 4769 ... 4729^ ... 4877 52S0 5469 5602 5894 T 1ND1L5 ■ ~)f Netherlands :INL and Melbourne "day Island, Port .AMSTERDAM DLN (Batavia) ■ngs\ 5YDNE.\' -lerson & Co. PRINTED fN U.SA ., Ltd. N'ew^astle-'" " -"■ - ^^^rp oms. & Co., Ltd. Adelaide E.lder, Smith & Co., Ltd. Townsvilie and Cairns Adelaide Steamship Co., Ltd. Port Moresby C. R. Baldwin. Ltd. Thursday Island Bowden Bros. & Co., ltd. Batavia, Samarang, Sourabaya, Macassar, Singapore - De 5cheeps»gentuur ^ / The OCEAN Accident and Guarantee Corporation Ltd. The Largest, Wealthiest and Most Progressive ACCIDENT COMPANY in the World Policies World-wide as to Travel, and free from vexatious conditions BRANCHL5 AND AGE.NCIL5 : : : : throughout the World : : : : HEAD OFFICE for AUSTRALIA: Ocean House, 22 Moore St., SYDNEY Branches in Australia: MELBOURNE, ADELAIDE, BRISBANE, PERTH, TOWN5VILLE, ROCKHAMPTON SEND FOR PROSPECTUS. Extract from " London Financial Times," 1 8 2 ' 1 2 "A striking iUiistration of the risk i;uu in daily life is afforded by the Ocean Accident Company's statement that for the year just ended they have been called upon to deal with the huge total of 98,886 accidents, an average of 271 each day, of which 966 were fatal. This expedience brings home to everybody the need for the protection afforded by an accident insurance policy." % / Cornell University Library DS 614.182 Isles of the East :an Illustrated guide 3 1924 010 584 682 «..».. ^ir THE ■> Official tourist Bureau ID (UNDER GOVKRN'MEXT CONTROI,), Corner of Ryswyk and Gang Pool, W[LTEVR[DEN (BATAVIA). Gives free INFORMATION on all Tours throughout Java and the Archipelago. For ITINERARIES, MAPS, TIME- TABLES, &G., S-c, apply to the Secretary of the Official Tourist Bureau, Weltevreden (Batavia). GUIDE BOOKS to be had on appli- cation at a small charge. OFFICE HOURS | "° ^^ f ' P-"--' '^ ' '? Y"'\ \ 4.30 p.m. to 7-30 p.m. ' ,, i Gable Address ; "TOURING, A.B.C. CODE. 5th Edition, WELTEVREDEN." Used. Nederlandsch-Indische Lscompto Maatschappij (Netherlands-India Discount Bank.) Authorised Capital -/ 12,000,000 Paid up Capitall // 7,500,000 Y December, 31st, 1910 -{ ' ^^^ ^^^ Reserve Funds J 1/ 1,500,000 ESTABLISHED 1857. Head Office : BATAVIA. Branches : Amsterdam, Soerabaia, 5amarang, Weltevreden, Bandoeng, Padang, Cheribon, Macassar, Tandjong Priok Correspondents in the Principal Towns of the Dutch East Indies. .^—^ = Agents in Australia : COMPTOIR NATIONAL D'LSCOMPTL DE PARI5 Sydney and _ _ Melbourne Issue Letters of Credit and drafts on all parts of the world, exchange foreign money and transact banking business of every description. ESTABLISHED 1872. SAMUEL ALLEN t SONS, LIMITED, General, Wine and Spirit and Produce Merchants. Forwarding, Shipping & Customs Agents TOWNSVILLL, N.Q. Cairns Cloncurry Charters Towers Vi) Tvondoa .Sydney Agencies throughout North Qi^eensland. AS ME,RCHANT5 We carry large stocks of all Merchandise Lines, including Island Products. AS FORWARDING AGLNTS We receive and despatch goods trom and to all parts of the World. AS SHIPPING AGLNTS We represent in Townsville the Deutsch- Australische Dampfschiffs Gesellschaft. Correspondents at all principal Continental and American Cities. Enquiries Solicited. ^XI^s- 1 Nederlandsche Handel - Maatschappy (Netherlands Trading Society) ESTABLISHED - 1824. Head Office AMSTERDAM Agencies at ROTTERDAM and THE HAGUE. Capital Paid-Up : /45,000,000 (£3,750,000) Reserve Fund : /7, 124,3 17 (£594,000) Head Office for the Eaft : Factory, BAT A VIA EASTERN BRANCHES: BANDJERMASIN MEDAN SHANGHAI BANDOENG PADANG SINGAPORE CHERIBON PAEEMBANG SQERABAIA DJEMBER PEKALONGAN TEGAE HONGKONG PENANG TJILATJAP KOTA RADJA RANGOON WEETEVREDEN MAKASSAR SAMARANG BANKERS : Union of London and Smith's Bank, Ltd., London EASTERN BANKING BUSINESS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION TRANSACTED. viii. ii I5LL5 OF THL LA5T." Founded 1843. Ml] | jy) Combined Accumulated Funds Established in N.S.W. 1872. V^s, Li^ Exceed £1,000.000 Sterling. B ATAVIA S[A & fIRE INSURANCE CO, for TN LIMITED. /^ "^ FIRE. MARINE & ACCIDENT. All Glasses of Fire and Marine Risks covered at Lowest Current Rates. The Company has Vacancies for First-Class Agents, in the City and Country. The Company undertakes all Classes of ACCIDENT INSURANCE, including WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION and THIRD PARTY RISKS. W. MEDHURST TAYLOR, General Manager for Australasia, 21 Queen Street, Melbourne. New South Wales Branch 20 BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY. New South Wales Branch P. H. M, CRANE, ( ,^. ALBERT HERRON, f "^^omeys. Tel Central 895. Batavi a Sea & Fire Insurance Co . Established 18A-3. FIRE. MAKINE, ACCIDENT EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY LIVE STOCK LOSS OF PROFITS. COMBINED FUNDS EXCEED £1.000,000. > Head Office for Australasia : 21 QUEEN STREET, MELBOURNE W ME.DHURST TAYLOR, General Manager. van NIL & CO. Ships and Forwarding Agents Importers, Insurance Brokers MEDAN, TANDJONG BALEI BELAWAN DELI. ^" (ASAHAN.) 3) Agencies : Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij. Stoomvaart Maatschappij " Nederland." Stoomvaart Maatschappij " Rotterdamsche Lloyd." Java-Bengalen Line. Java-China-Japan Line. Jebsen & Co., Hongkong Steamers " Johanne " and " Signal." Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij. Asiastic Petroleum Company, Limited. Centrale Guano Fabrieken at Rotterdam. Borneo Sumatra Handel Maatschappij at Bandjermasin. Assurantie Mij Tegen Brandschade en op het Leven " De Nederlanden " van 1845. Algemeene Mij van Levensverzekering and Lyfrente at Amster- dam ; Chief Agency at Soerabaya. Nederlandsche Lloyd (Marine Insurance). Motor Union Insurance Co., Ltd., of London. Beiersch Beerbrewery " De Amstel " at Amsterdam. Tollens & Co., Rotterdam, for Paints, &c. Merrem & La Porte's Rubber Installations. Ned. Indische Portland Cement Maatschappij of Padang (Sumatra West Coast). Rangoon Rice, Cooly Tea, Estates, Implements, Sic, Sic zVQ.: Telephone 234 City. 2010 „ 3408 „ ESTABLISHED 1841. ^atrimagp at Cable Address : "STANLEY." I^i0 Exrrllpnrg STANLEY X CO., Wholesale & Retail Gardeners, Bz la POULTERERS FRUITERERS GREENGROCERS And SHIPPING PROVIDORES. Importers and Exporters. CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. We are anxious to extend our Trade relations to the East ! We are seeking to introduce your commodities. Write us and exchange proposals. STANLEY & CO., 495-7-9 George Street. (AUSTRALIA) SYDNEY =0(j- u ISLES OF THE ERST." An lllastratcd Quidc. FiUSTRFiLin, pnpun, ]mn, SUMHTRFS, SlNOnPORE, Etc. Edition de Luxe 2/6 = fl,50 APOLLINARIS l^^h ilfARISBRl BUCHANAN WHISKIES iLICK a WHITE RED SEAL C-. Round Australia via JAVA. "The Garden of the Last/ > ^Singapore rt^M»^ banda, ^"Vv-^ new' P^Darwiiv Or^sir, ^ -4^/ Broome Carnarvon Gladstoine. \LM0RESBY Cairns TOWNSVILLE ' AUSTRALIA rGERALDTON IFremantle \LBANY Brisbane^ Sydney 1 [Melbourne J The New Tourist Route i CD B Java Produce Trading Company 50URABAYA o AM5TLRDAM General Lxporters 'of JAVA PRODUCL, HIDL5 and 5K1N5, TOBACCO, etc., etc Largest Exporters of Java Kapok in the World. General Importers. CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. H. HLIML55LN, Managing Director. XVI. VISITORS, TOURISTS cind OTHERS are hereby recorn-f,>/ mended to obtain their Cigars, Cigarettes or Tobacco, etc., from ." C. p. LiiND Sl Co., Purveyors to His Excellency the Staie Governor and Officers of H.M. Nav3B, CIGAR AND CIGARLTTE, I1MPQRTE-R5, Manufacturers and Direct Importers of Fishing Taci^le. Specialities— No. 2 Mixture," The Exchange" Cigarettes and Tobaccos " Bigio Hazan " Cairo Cigarettes, " E.F.L." London-made Bpiars. Walking Sticks, Pipes and Sundries ifi great variety. 38Q .George Street, Sycliicy, Aastralici, Near King Street. 'Phone City 2818. ' Orders by Post receive Prompt Attention. There is no Camera to Equal the KODAK There are many Kodaks, but the one which meets with the greatest approval i-^ undoubtedly the No. 3a FOLDING POCKET KODAK CAMERA. It takes pictures post-card size, 5i X 3i ins. and has double combination R R. 3>ns, ball- bearing shutter, rising and sliding iront, brilliant reversible finder, tripod sockets, and automatic focussing lock. Daylight working throughout. Price, 90,'-. Ppstage extra, 1/3. Other Kodak Cameras from 26/-. Brownie-Kodak Cameras from S/-'. For best results, Tourists should have their Films Developed and Finished in the KODRK WHY at a RODHR HOUSE. KODAK (Australasia) LTD.. ^^^^^^tZ^^. Sydney. "The Block," 284 Collins Street, l^elbourne. 37 Rundle Street, Adelaide. 78-80 Queen Street, Brisbane. Ruthven Street, Toowoomba. Flinders Street, Townsville. 346 Argent Street, Broken Hill, and 6 Mercer Street, Wellington, N.Z. EARP BROTHERS & CO. NEWCASTLE, N.S.W. And at 60 MARGARET ST., SYDNEY. General Merchants & Importers COLLIERY, SHIPPING AND ' INSURANCE AGENTS Mr. CHARLES A. EARF, Vite Ccnsur for the Netherlands. AGENCIES L- EAST GRETA COAL MINING CO,, LTD. East Greta and Stanford'Merthyr Collieries). HEDDON GRETA COAL CO.. LTD. EARPS' NAVIGATION BUNKER COALS. ROYAL PACKET STEAM NAVIGATION CO. iKoninkl.jke Paketvaart Maatschappij'. WATTS, WATTS t CO., LTD.. London. BRITAIN STEAMSHIP CO., LTD., London. UNITED ALKALI CO., LTD., Liverpool. EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY ASSURANCE CPRPORATION, LTD. AACHEN AND MUNICH FIRE INSURANCE CO MERCHANTS' MARINE INSURANCE CO., LTD. BRITISH AUSTRALIAN OIL CO., LTD. ('•Argolite' Kerosene). COMMONWEALTH PORTLAND CEMENT CO., LTD. AULSEBROOK'S BISCUITS.
  • Sarl^ies' Motels Raffles Hotel 51NGAPORL ( Facing: the Harbour) The Hotel that has made Singa- pore Famous to Tourists. The Rendezvous of PLANTERS Llectric Fans in all the Rooms Day and Night. E.LLCTRIC LIGHTS throughout Crag Hotel PLNANG HILLS, PLNANG. The Sanitorium of Straits Settle- ment (2500 feet above sea level). A perfect Health Resort. An ideal spot for spending Holidays and Week-Ends. BUNGALOWS FOR FAMILIES. Single and Double Rooms, with Bathrooms attached and water laid on from the Crag Springs. Eastern and Oriental Hotel PLNANG Position unrivalled . . Entirely facing the Sea. The only First-class Hotel in First-class style in Penang. E-lectric Lights, Fans, Bells Table unsurpassed. ^^(^(^^ 0=^ ^? ^P^ Strand Hotel RANGOON. The Premier Hotel of BURMA Facing the River A Real First-class Hotel Sarkies Telegraphic nddress.es : Singapore Sarkies Sarkiesian Rangoon Penang SarHies Brothers, Proprietors ^ -G/c i .,^/>t =il BOWDEN t MACKENZIE, Pearlshellers 'THURSDAY ISLAND, QUEENSLAND. Commission Agents and Auctioneers, Land Salesmen and Property Agents, Valuators - - Insurance Agents Agents for The Commercial Union Assurance Co. Lid. New Zealand Insurance Co. Ltd. (Marine Branch) Sun Fire Office of London Atlas Insurance Co. of London (Incor- porated with Manchester Assurance Co.) Marine Insurance Co. Ltd., of London D London & Lancashire Fire Insurance Co. Palatine Insurance Co. Ltd. The Mutual Life & Citizen's Assuiance Co. l.td: The Queensland Trustees Ltd. Johns' Asbestos Paints Royal Utrecht Cigar Works, Holland " La Yebana " Cigar Factory, Manila o (o) o __o_ DEPARTMENTS; _o_ MARINE PRODUCE -Pearlshell Fishers. Pearlshell, Beche-de-Mer and Tortoise Shell bought and sold. COMMISSION AGENCY — Forwarding and General .Commission Agents. AUCTION -Land, House and Furniture Salesmen. Foreign and Home Consign- ments received for Sale by Auction. VALUATORS— Landed Properly, Buildings, &c., valued and reported on. INSURANCE— Marine, Fire, Life, Accident, Workers" Compensation, Registered Mail, &c. INDENT— Foreign and Home Indents attended to. AJSllmted with BOWDEN BROTHERS & CO., LTD., Eastern and Australian Merchants. Agents for the Royal Packet Steam Navigation Co. BoWDEN & Mackenzie, d Thursday IsUnd --^-0^- birt 6l Company Limited. Meat 6upplien and txpcrters^ Refrigerators, Ice Manufacturers and Shipping Agents. KILLING, FREEZING, PRESERVING and BQILING DOWN WORKS at MURARRIE, near BRISBANE. COLD STORES and BUTCHERS' CHILLING COMPARTMENTS at STANLEY STREET, SOUTH BRISBANE. Chilling compartments let to Butchers at a weekly rental according to size. Large and small quantities of Butter received for Freezing and Shipment. Rooms specially set aside for Milk, Cream, Fish, Etc. AGENTS FOR The Royal Packet Steam Navigatiw Company, Java= Australia Line. The FederaUHoulder-Shire Line Refrigerated Steamers to South Africa and London. Moulder Bros. & Co., Limited, Refrigerated Steamers. The Federal Steam Navigation Company, Limited, Refrigerated Steamers. American and Australian Line of Steamers from New York, The AustraUEuropean Line of Steamers to Continental Ports. The Hungarian=Levant Steamship Co., Limited. For Rates of Freight and Passage Money, apply to 5IRT 6i COnPANy, Limited 1 — I riusgrave Wharf, Sydney Office: SOUTH BKI5BANE. 7 MACQUARIE PLACE. London Agents : ^ BIRT, POTTER & HUGHES, Limited. 2 Fenchurch Avenue, E.C. Hotel Belle V ue BUITENZORG, ^^=^^^^>^^==^ JAVA, /^FFERS unrivalled accommodation to Tourists and Visitors. Large, Airy and Com«fortable Apartments. Up-to-date Cuisine and Cellar. Perfect Attendan.ce. Moderate Tariff. A Carriage meets all Trains. Garreau Freres, PROPRIETORS. Also Managers and Proprietors of the favourite HOTEL DU CHEMIN DE PER, -BU1TENZ0RG._ '_ Coprespandenee receives prompt attention. XXVllI Foreword. In presenting to the reader the first editidh of Isles of the East, it is hoped that its pages may prove of interest to those, who seek information regarding Java and the Dutch Indies generally, as a pleasure resort on the one hand, and as a country offering exceptional commercial opportunities, on the other. For this reason the work is divided into two sections, the commercial part forming no incbnsiderable portion of the whole. The illustrations appearing in the volume have been obtained from various sources, but special mention should be made of the ateliers of Kurkdjian, Ltd., Sourabaya, Java, and C. J. Kleingrothe, Medan-Deli, Sumatra, to whom I am indebted for their excellent photographs. I desire to offer here my grateful thanks to the managers of the Koninklijke ' Paketvaart Maatschappij, Batavia, their staff and agents, for the extreme courtesy which they extended to me during my stay in the Dutch Indies, as also to the Managing Directors of the Government Railway and the Ned. Ind. Railway, for the facilities kindly placed at my disposal, enabling me to traverse the island at leisure. I further wish to place on record my appreciation of the valuable assistance rendered me by Mr. Ronald J. Johnstone, Artist, who was my secretary during my trip to the East. W. LORCK, Major, Sole Editor. Established - 1820 Rathkamp & Co. LIMITED CHEMISTS and DRUGGISTS 111 ^i^yal CAPITAL Ajipnintinpnt Fl. 1,250,000 1 Pharmacies at — BATAVIA, Ryswyk BATAVIA, 5enen BATAVlA,J>intoe Besar 50URABAYA, Kampong Djepon 50URABAYA, Toendjoengan MLDAN (Deli) BANDOENG DJOCJAKARTA MACA55LR Up-to-Date Chemical, Technical and Microscopic Laboratory All MEDICAL REQUISITES, SURGICAL APPLIANCES AND INSTRUMENTS MINING IMPLEMENTS AND PATENT MEDICINES Undoubtedly the Largest and Best Equipped Pharmacy in the Far East. GENERAL INFORMATION FOR PASSENGERS. Passage Tickets. — Passages are granted subject to the terms and conditions of the Company's form of contract ticket, which is not transferable. Passage Money Deposit. — All passage money is payable in advance, 10% being due on securing accommodation, and the balance before steamer's departure. Passengers not embarking after engaging pas- sages, forfeit their 10% deposit money, but their passages may be trans- ferred to a subsequent vessel on giving not less than a week's notice. The deposit is not transferable. Accommodation. — No berth or cabin is to be occupied by a passenger without application to the Company's agent on shore. The same applies to return tickets, which must be endorsed for the return journe>. Passage Fares. — The rates of first and second class passengers in- clude messing, but not wine or liquors, which aTe provided on board and charged for as per scale. Passengers will not be allowed to take their own wines or liquors on board. Passengers if dieted on board at terminal or intermediate ports where they could have transhipped to another con- necting steamer, but choose to remain on board for their own convenience, pay los. per diem in the first class and 5s. in the second class. Return Tickets are available for twelve months. Single Tickets for six months from date of issue. Passengers who paid full single fare and return within six months of sailing, are allowed 10% on the single fare for the return journey. Interchange of Tickets. — Passengers holding single or return tickets who wish to break their journey at Port Moresby or Thursday Island may continue by a steamer of either K.P.M. or Burns, Philp & Co., Ltd., subject to accommodation being available. Return tickets are inter- changeable between K.P.M. and Burns, Philp lines. Baggage. — Each adult first-class passenger is allowed 20 cubic feet (not to exceed five cwt.) of personal baggage; each second-class passen- ger ten cubic feet (not to exceed two cwt.). Half allowance for children at half fares. Any baggage in excess will be charged for on board at cargo rates. Deck-chairs are carried free of charge. A passenger taking a reserved two-berth cabin and paying 50% additional fare is entitled to take a double allowance of personal baggage. Cabin luggage and deck- chairs are at passenger's own care. All other baggage is handled at Company's expense, but at owner's risk. All baggage to be properlv labelled for port of destination or disembarkation. xlvii. INFORMATION FOR PASSENGERS ARRIVING IN AUSTRALIA. Reduced Railway Fares. — Passengers disembarking at Brisbane or Sydney and wishing to proceed by rail to Sydney, Melbourne or Adelaide, should apply on board to the purser for a certificate, which must be presented to the Company's Agent on shore, and entitles the holder to the following reduced railway fares, providegl the railway journey is commenced within seven days from the date of the steamer's arrival in port : — SixGLE. Return-. ist Class. 2nd Class. ist Class. 2nd Class. Brisbane — Sydney . . . £^ 13 £^ I.S 6 £\ £^ 13 ,, Melbourne 5 6 3 13 8 5 10 Adelaide . 6 13 4 6 10 6 10 Sydney — Melbourne . . 2 14 2 4 3 ,, Adelaide .. 4 2 12 6 6 4 Breaks of the train journey are permitted ; single tickets will be available for one month ; return tickets for six months. Return railway tickets will only be issued to passengers holding return steam.er tickets. STEAMSHIP CONNECTIONS AT SYDNEY. To New Zealand. — Twice weekly by the Union S.S. Coy. of New Zealand and Huddart, Parker & Coy., Ltd. ; to Auckland on Wednesdays and to Wellington on Saturdays. Fares to Auckland or Wellington : Single, £.- ys. first class ; ;/^4 4s. second class. Return: ;^i2 2s. 6d. first class; £y 5s. second class. To Tasmania. — Weekly by the Union Line and Huddart, Parker Line. Fares to Hobart or Launceston (first class only): ^^j i^s. single, and ;^4 8s. return. The connections from Melbourne with Xew Zealand and Tasmania are maintained b\' the same companies. To Europe.— (t() I/a Suez Canal: FortH%htly bv P. & O.S.N. Co. and Orient Co., and four weekly by Messageries Maritimes, sinole first class, £ji lOB. to £X' IDS. ; second class, ;^';4i i6s. to £^46 4s. Four weekly by N.D.L., single, first class, £^'66 ; second class, ;^38 los. (b) \'ia South Africa, calling at Durban and Cape To« n : Blue Funnel Line (first class only), ;^4o to ^"6o. Four weekly bv P. & O. Branch Service (third class only), £17, 13s. to £iy 17s. Four weekly bv Aberdeen Line, first class, ;^:45 to £:52 los. ; third class, ;^i -, 13s. to ^17 17s. Four weekly by \Miite Star Line (all one class), £if.) io £^2. xlviii. (c) Via Cape Horn. — Route : From New Zealand to London via Monte Video, Tcnerift'e and Plymouth. Four weekly by Shaw, Savill and Albion Co., Ltd., and four weekly by New Zealand Shipping Co. Fares from Sydney: First class, ;^68 to £78; second class, £41 to ;^46. To America. — (a) Vancouver (via Auckland, Fiji and Honolulu), four weekly by Canadian-Australian Royal Mail Line. Fares from Sydney : First class, £6^ to j£j2 los. ; second class, ;^39 15s. to ;£47 53. (b) San Francisco [via Wellington, Raratonga and Tahiti), four weekly by Union S.S. Co. First class, £40; second class, £2^. (c) San Francisco [via Pago Pago and Honolulu), four weekly by Ocean S.S. Co. First class, £'^0; second class, £2^,. To China and Japan. — Four weekly by Nippon Yusen Kaisha, E. & A., and N.D.L. To Hongkong, first class, £^0; second class, ;£J'26. To Yokohama, first class, ;£47 ; second class, ;^3o. About monthly by China Navigation Co. To Hongkong, first class, ;^3o; second class, £ig ids. ROUND THE WORLD via JAVA. The Australian tourist who wishes to make Java a stepping-stone on his trip to other parts of the East, to Europe, America or "Round the World," will find the following resume of steamship connections useful when making up his plans. This resume has been most carefully compiled, but no responsibility attaches to the Company for the information given below : — FROM JAVA DIRECT. To Europe via Singapore, Sabang (Sumatra), Colombo, Suez, Genoa, Algiers, Tanger, Lisbon and Southampton to Amsterdam fort- nightly per "Nederland" Line (S.M.N.). To Southampton or Amster- darn, first class, £yi los. ; second class, £^1 15s. To Europe via Padang (Sumatra), Colombo, Suez, Marseilles, Gibraltar, Tanger, Lisbon to Rotterdam: Fortnightly per "Rotterdam Lloyd." To Rotterdam or London, first class, £71 los. ; second class, £4^ 15s. Through passengers booked from Australia to Europe by "Neder= land" or "Rotterdam Lloyd" Lines at reduced rates. For further particulars, see page 157. To China via Macassar, per Java-China-Japan Line: First class, ^12 los. to Hongkong; ;£'i6 13s. 4d. to Amoy and Shanghai. To Japan via Hongkong, per Java-China-Japan Line: First class, £12 6s. 8d. to Yokohama; £1^ iis. 8d. to Kobe and Moji. Tx) Singapore and Penang, per K.P.M. (Royal Packet S.N. Co.): First class, single, ;<^5 5s. and ^^'S 15s. xiix. FROM JAVA via SINGAPORE. In most cases Singapore will be found the most convenient centre to continue the voyage from, as it is a port of call of all steamship lines between Europe, India and the Far East, as well as an important centre of the Island trade. The connections from Singapore are : — To Europe {via Colombo) — By P.& O. (fortnightly) „ N.D.L. „ M.M. ,, S.M.N. ,, N.Y.K. To China and Japan. By P. &. O. (fortnightly) . „ N.D.L. „ M.M. „ N.Y.K. 1st Class. 2nd Class. ;^66 o o ■ ;^44 66 o o 44 66 o o 44 66 o o 41 15 50 o o 34 To Hongkong. To Shanghai. To Yokohama. ;^8 16 o .. £12 15 o .. ;^i6 10 o 8 16 o . . 13 15 o . . 16 10 o 8 16 o . . 13 15 o .. lb 10 o 800.. II 00.. 1400 To Saigon.— By M.M. (fortnightly), first class, ^5 12s.; second class, j£^ 4b. To Bangkok.— By N.D.L. (every four days): First class, £g 6s. 8d. ; second class, £^ 13s. 4d. To Rangoon. — By B.I. : First class, £8 6s. 8d. To Calcutta.— By B.I., via Rangoon (weekly) ,, Apcar Line, direct (fortnightly) ,, Indo-China S.S. Co., direct (fortnightly) ,, P. & O., via Colombo (fortnightly) ,, M.M. To Bombay, — By P. & O. (fortnightly) ,, Austrian-Lloyd (fortnightly) ,, Florio Rubattino Line (fortnightly) .,, M.M. (fortnightly) To Madras.- By B.I., via Penang (fortnightly) First class, j^IO M lO itly) ... „ ; J ) 1 10 23 2 )) ^ It 22 I St Glass. 2nd Class. £23 -' £j7 12 1 1 1 4 8 II 00 £23 2 17 12 First class, ^11 13 4 < >- I < < H < I < > < 1-9 CD < N W 1-1 yj t^ ^D vn \£5 t^ Ift VO I/; = ^ ^ < CO O ^ o Q a • >— 1 1 r-l r-H (M f-( CO tH fM O CO ro tr, B, < ^ C'N bi) bia ^ > O 6 Q C o o> '-' cr\ r-i CD c^ C30 CM o? < g> S .S' a= - - > f) g £, A < o o z Q fF. lO '* vO rj- vO lO in ro £2 CM (M C o Si ^ a m oq -^ eg ^ CO CO r~t CM CM i Cs3 .— '>:i c-i >— 1 -^ ■>■ a De ... May June .. July ... Aug ...1 Sept Oct. 1 o o lo vo t> 00 0\ o (N r/ ■ u V U U U « u c b o ^? ^ ■s >. E « B « c a B CQ J ^ J ^ 3 ^ -J :^ C E e B s c S B a c9 ca c9 es a n eg >>>>>> > > 00 vD lO NO \0 10 t^ VO is •3 3 u " rj n a ■ .0 Q A ;s; t-v U-J -^It 10 10 -t v£) vo s a 5 <^ s 1 m J Q CC ' 10 CO M CO CO 0, ■^ cr. J' ^•g 3 g' u S < w a n J u - C " ,0 ■-, r-l ^ ,-1 * CM . CO CO gl c n 4 f^-S 3300 5 - c « •— > •f ^ < <« li /. •-^ a> CSl (M OJ a. ^ s De June Aug. Oct. si 1 "5 Q E •p v£) »0 Tj- -^ 10 (^ >fl ii-5 < •7 CM OJ Cv] CNJ CnJ CM 1 i 6 c3 ^ tH Vi 1 < M 1 DepJ June July Aug. Sept. Oct. ^ 6 5 s ^ . li B.) < — " .- e Dep'.' June 2 luly 2 Aug. 2 Sept. 2 Oct. 2 2; CM 6 a CM n EC u 1 tr) E3 t^ r^ *£> vo r^ m si Dep." June 1 July 1 Aug. 1 Sept. 1 Oct. 1 '"' < s -Lo 10 rf -^ ir> c^ -j- u^ c s- d h a en * 2 - -^^ M 0^ ^• ^ vz; < ;/: OJ G o^ o\ o> 00 a^ OT ^ i g rt ^ 6^. c. ^■ 3 3 5 I' i; 6 in 'O t> X 0^ = rs '^ "v "^ "^ "^ l/i IC ic Q^ 01 ? B ^ r ^ n ^ e ^ < UJ lU u t> u u u (U u ?> r J= ^ £ * £ u ^ u ^ u f £ Id V « V w V '/ V "B n n s c n n C3 J ^ 3 ^ J ^ J ? B S C B B B B B a B cs cs gs « ts n > > > > > > > > JAVA - AUSTRALIA LINE. SHL-OON PHSSMGE RPJTES From 1st JULY, 1912. Melbou rne £'i Sydney £5 ^10 £li £16 ;^22 £^0 £32 £»2 ^34 ;f37 £S £^ £i-2 ^14 ^20 .^28 ^30 £»^ ^32 ^35 Brisbane i:i2 ^12 Cairns or Townsville £ilio/- £» Port Moresby ^4/10/- Thursday Island ^18 £-2^ £i-i £^s £^0 £'23 £& Dobo £21 , Macassar £28 £25 j ;^25 ^23 5ourabaya £■29 £30 £3S £26 £26 £24 5amarang £^7 £30 £11 \ £25 Batavia £ZQ £2% Singapore Return Tickets (available for 12 months) issued at Double Single ilates, less 20 per cent,, with the following exceptions : — Melbourne — Thursday Island, £21 ; Sydney— Thursday Island, ^25 4s. ; Brisbane— Thursday Island, ;^21 10s. ; Melbourne— Port Moresby and return by direct steamer, /■23 10s. ; via Thursday Island, ;^27 ; from Sydney and Brisbane, /20 and £2b 4s. ' Ho Return Tick^s issued to Macattar. Introduction. Java! There is music in the word when spoken. It sounds like a bar of a soft melody, like the first syllables of a poem appealing to one's sympathy. And the Island of Java certainly can claim not only one's sympathy, but the greatest interest, may the visitor to. its shores be a sight-seer, a man of affairs, a scientist or a literateur in search of knowledge. The field of attraction is so diversified, the horizon of enthralling beauty and scenic magnificence so wide, that it becomes a difficult task indeed to finally settle on a choice of route through the glories of this wonderful Isle of the East--Java. The following pages have been compiled in the endeavour to place before intending tourists some of the most prominent attractions, in picture and word, touching also to a smaJl extent upon commercial matters of the Dutch Indies. The Editor. UNDER DISTINGUISHED PATRON ACE. ..nmzins'. Corner of BOURKE. & WILLIAM STREETS, MELBOURNE VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA. THE WALDORF ASTORIA OF AUSTRALIA. THL RLPUTATION OF MENZ1L5' 15 WORLD-WIDE Raukiiig as it doe.'; witli the palatial establishments of other lauds, "MENZIES," is rightly regarded as the leading Hotel in the .Southern Hemisphere. Modern Lounges and Winter Garden on the Ground Hoov in the Italian Renaissance Style, with perfect Plenum System of Ventilation, Heating and Cooling. Hl,UVATORS. MAONIFICBNl- DINING HAI,I,. TELEGRAPH OPKICK. Convenient to Theatres, Railways and Steamers. J. KIRK SPEEDIE Mi anager. Section I. CHAPTER II. Ihc Official Tourist Bureau at Weltevrcden, BATAVIA. is situated in the heart of the city at the corner of Ryswyk and Gang Pool, facing the Canal. The management consists of prominent city gentlemen who, together with a Secretary, direct the methods to be adopted for the pur- pose of advertising their glorious country and of advising visitors and intending tourists as to the variety of tours, their cost, duration, railway facilities, and so forth. A liberal grant by the Government, under whose control the Bureau is conducted, is augmented by a pro rata contribution by the local residents, and enables the Official Tourist Rureau to do most useful work in the direction indicated. The office hours are from 7.30 a.m. to i p.m. and from 4.30 p.m. to 7.30 p.m., the telephone being No. 443. The Official Tourist Bureau has a branch office at Sourabaya situated at Willem Straat (Rotterdam Lloyd Office) for the convenience of those visitors who arrive at that port and are leaving their vessel there. An Australian agency has also been established at the office of the Royal Packet Steam Naviga'tion Co., Royal Exchange Buildings, 56 Pitt Street, Sydney, where fullest information is available, photographs of some of the more prominent beauty spots of Java may be inspected, and illustrated booklets, published by the above Bureau, obtained. The following pages were supplied by the Official Tourist Bureau as outlining the great possibilities of the Island of Java for the tourist jnvn. Although not the largest, Java is the most important of the numerous islands which form the Netherlands Indian Archipelago; it is a vgiT interesting tropical island. It is some 660 miles long, and has a maximum width of 130 miles which diminishes to 55 miles at the narrowest point. The area of the island measures some 51,350 square miles, and so fertile is the soil that there is hardly a part of it which is not cultivated with success. Java is not only a land of beauty, but also a land of plenty. It supports with ease a population of nearly forty million people. Java in the past has not been visited so extensively and made known to the world as it deserves to be. Of recent \ears, however, much has been done by the Official Tourist Bureau at Batavia to attract the atten- tion of tourists to this beautiful Island, and, being accessible from Singapore by frequent Dutch steamers, it is becoming better known to the tourist, as well as to the man of business. It is gratifving to note that the number of tourists in Java is increasing, the estimated influx being more than a thousand everv vear. Java is situated on or about "one of the great fissures of the earth's crust," and some fift}- of its mountains are volcanoes, several of which have been terribly destructive at different times in the past. rhe railway service of Netherlands India is well regulated, the cars are clean and comfortable, the oflicials well-trained and obliging. Most trains include first, second and third class carriages; a special article about the Railways will be found further on. (D O) CO CL (Ji CQ Tl (Q CD (D O) CO CL (Ji CQ Tl (Q CD (D O) CO CL (Ji CQ Tl (Q CD (D O) CO CL (Ji CQ Tl (Q CD FROM BLTFENZORG TO SINDANGLAVA.— FJve hours in a two wheeled \ehicle does not sound entrancing, but the \ie\vs on the road are so fascinating, and the air is so cool and healthful that the \isitor will never regret this trip. The road from Buitenzorg to Sindanglaya has many steep grades and curves. The highest point of the road is the Poentjah Pass. Here the eye is drawn towards the stately mass of the volcanoes, Pangerango and Gedeh, and then rests upon the valley covered with sawahs (rice- fields), set off by the deeper shades of the woods. In the far distance the roof of the Hotel Sindang- laya may be per- ceived. The visitor should not omit to see the Lake Telaga Warna, at a quarter of an hour distance from the Ppentja'k Pass. The tourist who visits Sindang- laya by starting from Tjiandjoer will reach the hotel in two and a quarter hours along a most picturesque road, past Tjipanas (the country seat of the Governor-General) and the little Lake Tjisaroewa. INDANGLAYA is situated 3479 feet above sea level. It is a favorite hill resort. The Hotel Sindanglaya is nicely situated on a little hill and affords a most charming view of the landscape, with the volcanoes, Pangerango and Gedch, in the background. Some beautiful excursions can be made from Sindanglaya. The trip to the Falls of Tjibeureum, Tjihoendool and Tjibodas, via the country seat of the Governor-General at Tjipanas, and View of Sindanglaya. A Typical Kice Field. the "Mountain Gar- den" at Tjibodas can be made in half a day. Leaving Sindanglaya in the early morning, one can be back for lunch. The excur- sion is made on foot or horse-back or by sedan chair. 'Ihe Goenoeng Kasoer ("Breakfast Hill") can be reached in one hour. A splendid view of the surrounding mountains can be obtained here. The market of Patjet (two and a half miles distant from Sindanglaya) is well worth a visit on Saturday morning when hundreds of natives swarm together, the man\-colored dresses of the red-cheeked Soendanese women affording a pretty sight. BANDOENG is an import- ant centre of the Preanger Re- gencies. It is a thriving town and is rapidly extending its borders. Bandoeng is a pleasant town and well worth visiting for its own sake. It possesses two first- class hotels, the Hotel Homann and the Preanger Hotel. The most im- , portant and cer- tainly most inter- esting excursion to be made from Bandoeng is that to the volcano, Tangkoeban Pra- hoe. The ascent of this mountain is very easy. One proceeds per trap to Lembang (ex- cellent hotel, Beau L^ke Tubodas. Sindanglaya. One of the Many Viaducts on the Govern- ment Railroad to Bandoeng. 13 S6jour). About half way the visitor will have a beautiful view of the plain. From Lembang he continues his way up to the crater on horse-back or per sedan chair, passing through cinchona plantations and through a magnificent jungle, till at last he arrives at the edge of the open crater, where bub- bling sulphur pools and a wide view over the fertile valley are a sufficient reward for all his exertions. The Volcano Papandayan. Another charming excursion to be made from Lembang is to the Kawah (Crater) Domas, which trip can also be made on horse-back, and of Krawang. GAROET is situated in the great green plain of Garoet, 2500 feet above sea level, and is sur- rounded by splendid mountains- It possesses three excellent hotels, Hotel \an Horck, Hotel Papan- dayan and Hotel \'illa Dolce, and is a favorite hill and pleasure resort. The Plain of Tasikmalaya. Pretty though the town is in itself, its greatest attraction is to be found in the beautiful excur- sions which can be made from here. A great excursion from Garoet is to the crater of the active volcano, Papandayan, a moun- tain fifteen miles in length by six in breadth. It has been in vigorous eruption within the eighteenth century; it still steams and rumbles, and, like the Goen- oeng Goentoer, or "Thunder Mountain" across the plain, it may burst forth again at any moment. The Pish Ponds en route to the Hot Springs (Tjipanas). 14 Hot Sulphur Springs, near Telaga Bodas. The trip is made partly per. trap (as far ate the Hotel Villa Pauline, at Tjisoeroepan), partly on horse-back or per sedan chair (from Tjisoe- roepan to the crater). Another beautiful excursion is to the White Lake, called by natives, Telaga Bodas ; this trip is also made partly per trap, partly on horse-back or per sedan chair. Interesting trips arc also to the Kawah Manoek, Kawah Ka, Modjan, and by carriage to the Lakes of Leles and Ba- geodit. DJOKJAKARTA (abbre- viated, D ]' o k j a) creates a favourable impression on the visitor. The town has a quiet charm of its own which dis- tinguishes it from all other towns in Java. The plan of the town is very simple. In the centre is the fortress, X'redenburg, in a square, with beautifully shaded avenues. On the west side is the Toegoe Road, past the Residency, the Palace of the "Ryks- bestuurder" (Regent) and the Hotels Toegoe and Mataram. The Kraton or Sultan's Pa.lace has a circumference of four miles and a population of 15,000. Djokja is particularly known for its Javanese hand-work, batik, leather, silver, brassworks, krisses and other weapons, etc. There is a show- room of Mrs. ter Horst, where modern languages are spoken. The principal attraction of Djokja is the famous Buddhist temple called Boro Budur. In order to reach it the visitor can proceed by steam tram as far as Moen- tilan, thence per carriage to Boro Budur or per motor car from Djokja to Boro Budur. The Chandi Mendoet is on the route from Moentilan to Boro Boedoer, and near the Progo River. It is a roof-covered sanctuary, and makes a great impression, though it is not so very big. The three gigantic Buddha images are works of art by first- class sculptors. The phantastic light on the heads, the indefinable beauty On the Hoad to the Volcano, Kawah Manoek. of this very fine piece of sculpture will not easily be forgotten.. This temple is called the gem of the Hindu monuments in Central Java. In architectural beauty it is superior to the Boro Budur, but it is much smaller. On the sides of the staircase are sculp- tured legends. A short distance farther on and across the Progo River is the Boro Budur, the beauty of which cannot briefly be described. A group of very re- markable, fine, old temple ruins is to be found in the plain of Prambanan, about 30 minutes by rail from Qn the Main Boad to Mount Darawatl. Djokja. If travelling by carriage one can also have a look at the Chandi Kalassan, or Kali Bening, with the ruins of the monastery Chalidi Sahri. The temple is older than the Boro Budur, which is supposed to date back from 850 A.D. The style of the Chandi Kalassan resembles that of the Chandi Mendoot. SOERAKARTA, commonly called Solo, has also a fortress in the centre of the town, and a kraton with an aloon-aloon on a scale even larger than at Djokja. X'isitors to Solo should not fail to visit the Royal Park, Sri Weedodari, which is open to the public on payment of a small fee. The garden, is well laid out and con- tains splendid trees, pounds covered with lotos flowers, and a good collec- tion of anirtials, such as monkeys, bears, tigers, peacocks, etc. The term \^'eedodari means "heavenly nymph." From Solo a branch line of the raih\ a>' leads to Samarang, on the north coast of Java. SAMARANG is an important com- mercial town, and the new port, which is in course of construction, will doubt- lessly add to the prosperity of the town. Though Samarang can boast of some ^ cry fine avenues and an excellent hotel (Hotel du Pavilion), the town is of little importance to tourists. 16 Tjemaras and Perntrees. MALANG is situ- ated in the Plain of Malang at 1400 feet above sea level. It is a healthy, lovely little place, where races are held in the month of September. Hotels: Hotel Marinus Jansen, Hotel Jensen. Charming little excursions are those to ^^® Summit of Mount Welirang, near Lawang. the bathing-place, Mendit (Wendit), to Singosari (Hindu ruins), to the bathing-place, Soember Ringin, which trip can be connected with a trip to the Hindu ruins at Kidal and Toempang. An excursion which can be highly recom- mended is that per trap via Batoe to Poedjon, whence several beautiful trips can be made. The Hotel Poedjon is 3662 feet above sea level, it is a good up-country hotel, built on the Pavilion system, and is frequently visited by Sourabayan families during the holidavs. Of all roads in East Java the one from Poeajon to Ngantang is no doubt one of the most beautiful. Past hill-tops over- grown with fallow grass glittering like pure gold in the sun, past \'ertiginous ravines, apparently filled with an indescrib- ,able richness of \ege- tation, past mountain ridges where the primeval forest is left and at the foot of Mount Welirang.-One of the Crater Pits 1« On tlie Lawang Eoad. which rustles the Kali Konto. Through this paradise the road leads to Ngantang, ascending and descending, winding around the rocks and hill-slopes at the foot of the Kawi Mountains, the Pardorg Klakah and Darawati. The finest falls on this road are those of Trfetfes and Kedong Redjo. LAWANG is situated at 1635 feet above sea level on the railway from Sourabaya to Malang. It is quite a small place, but is chiefly Interesting for its lovely surroundings. It is the starting-point for tourists who wish to visit the health resort, Nongko Djadjar, or who want to go to Tosari via Nongko Djadjar. Tosari can also be reached from Sourabaya via Pasoeroean. Fhe tourist goes by rail as far as Pasoeroean, thence per trap via Pasrepan to Poespo (Hotel Poespo), and from there on horse-back or per sedan chair to Tosari. The road from Pasoeroean to Poespo is in very good condition ; past Pas- peran it has many grades and curves, and ...„^.,,<<.-j«.Ai»t.., . > . ,,, is a lovely mountam «*.. road. Poespo is situated at 2500 feet above sea level. It is the acclim- atisation station for the Sanatorium Tosari, and affords a lovely view of the plain. The road from Poespo to Tosari leads through a beautiful region, past vertiginous ravines bordered with tjemara trees which have some resemblance to fir trees. TOSARI, at 6000 feet above sea level, is often called the Paradise of the East. Numerous excursions can be made in the vicinity of Tosari, and good walkers can make several trips on foot in this delightfully cool climate. We mention the walk by the "Lever- laantje, ' ' past charming Mount Welirang, TUe Stone Field. Mouutaln Brook, near Tosari. 19 ravines, the trip to Ngadiwono (on the road from Nongko Djadjar to Tosari), the very nice walk to the Nymphean Bath, a small waterfall, extremely romantic and pretty. The Idjeu Plateau, Lake Djediug. A zig-zag path leads from near the fall to the Hindu village, \\ ono- kitri, and, turning to the left, to the Hindu villages, Proewono and Sedaeng. Though in themselves the villages are not beautiful or picturesque, the trip to the "Three Desas" (as they are called at Tosa:ri) is of great charm. The trip to the Moengal Pass and the Bromo is verv easv, as it can be made on horse-back (or per sedan chair) almost to the crater ridge. The last 300 or 400 yards must be done t>n foot, but there is a ■»/ Leton staircase to iacilitate the climb. — ' *•■ A very fine excur- sion is that to the Lakes on the saddle of the T e n g g e r and the Smeiroe, by wa}' of the Sand Sea. The Lake R a n o o Pani is the nearest, and the trip The Kawah Idjen. 20 there and back takes fourteen hours on hor^e-back, so that intending visitors should leave Tosari very early in the morning. An excursion to (Lake) Ranoo Koonibolo takes twenty hours there and back. The Kawah Idjen, Solfatara. Highly recommended by' tourists is a trip to the Pcrandjaon, from the top of which the spectacle of the Sand -Sea and Bromo is an over- whelming one. It is, however, impossible to descend from the Perand- jaon to the Sand Sea. NONGKO DJADJA has also splendid surroundings of forest and mountain scenery. The Sanatorium is very good and within easy reach from Lawang and Tosari. Visitors to the Tengger Mountains can arrange a lovely round trip — Pasoeroean, .Tosari, Nongko Djadjar, Lawang, Bangil. BANJOEWANGI is situated on the east coast of Java, in the Straits of Bali. It is connected by rail with Sourabaya. The place itself is hardly worth a visit, but the excur- sion to the Idjen Plateau is made from Banjoewangi. The Idjen Plateau, covering an area of The Kawah Idjen. 53,ooo acres, is the bottom of a very large, old crater. Like the Sand Sea, it is surrounded by a crater wall, 2000 feet high, from which rise several mountain-tops. In the south-east are the enormous craters of The Path to the Volcano, Bromo, during the Native Festivities. the Raoon and Socket, to the east the Djampit and Ranti, and in the west the Merapi ; in the north-east are the Ringgih Mountains, while the old crater is bordered on the north by the Kendeng ridge, in which is a clough through which the water of the Banjoepoetih flows to the sea. The Idj.en Plateau is not a sandf sea. Large, barren-looking grass;; plains extend beyond coffee plantationsj and forests. Tra\ell.ers who visit the Idjen = Plateau generally go there solely for the purpose: of seeing the Kawah Idjen (6867 feet above sea level), the crater lake and Mount iNlerapi (9153 feet above sea level). The jojirney is made per trap in one hour and a half as far as Letjin, and thence on horse-back, past rice- fields and rt^ffee estates, and through; a magnificent virgin forest. About Water Tall of the Banjoepoetih Elver, Idjfcn Plateau. Idjen Plateau— The Djeding Elver. four and a half hours later on a junction is reached ; the path on the right leads to the Ka- wah Idjen in about one hour. Suddenly the traveller sees the crater walls, and, far beneath him, the deep-green lake surrounded by perpen- dicular rocks. The grandeur of K a w a h Idjen is beyond com- parison. The rocky walls glitter in the rays erf the sun, and in the after- noon, when hit by the setting sun, show a wonderful richness of colour. The lake is a great wonder, and its splendour beggars description. SOURABAYA, the capital of the Resi- dency of the same name, is the first com- mercial town of Nether- lands India. Passen- gers arriving by steamer disembark at the Oed- joeng, . whence a car- riage will convey them to the Upper Town, where the best hotels — the Oranje Hotel, Hotel Simpang and Hotel Embong Malang — are to be found. Travellers by train should leave the train at the Upper Town Station (Goebeng Station) as it is near the above- mentioned hotels. To obtain a general im- pression of the town the traveller is recom- mended to take a drive through the Upper Town (along Simpang, Kayoon, Kaliasin, To- endjoengan, Gemblon- gan and the banks of the Kali Mas.) and the Tjje Coramerr.ial Quarter, Sourabaya. 23 Street View, Sourabaya. street and Eiver Scenes— Socrnbaya- Lower Town, especially the Chinese quarter, where the tourist will get some idea of Sourabaya's trade. He will find it interesting to spend part of the evening on the terrace of the Restaurant Hellendoorn, on Passar Besar, one of the busiest parts of the town. Sourabaya has a large naval establish- ment and naval dock- yards, which are, how- ever, not open to the public. A few general hints concerning the language, the mode of living, the hotels, the currency and other important points may not be out of place, but become useful to travellers visiting Java. Sourabaya, Passar Besar. Kiver View, Sourabaya. GENERAL HINTS. Refrain from giving tips (person) unless for actual performed service. Usual tips are : Room boy (jonges) for single day, 50 cents ; for week or longer, f2 per week. Drivers : 25 cents half-day and 50 cents for whole day. Guides : 75 cents. Avoid argument with sado or ebro drivers. Their tariff is : — Sados : /0.15 per each quarter-hour, or /0.60 per hour. Ebros : /0.25 per each quarter-hour, or /i.oo per hour. 25 When alighting, place proper fare on seat nearest the driver and depart. Rubber-tyred mylords (victorias), obtainable from the best hotels or livery stables, are from /5 upwards for a period not exceeding two hours. Motor cars, either from hotels or garages, charge about /15 for the first hour, with about /6 for each additional hour. Distance drives as per arrangement. CURRENCY. One guilder=is. 8d. divided into four "kwartjes" of 25 cents = 5d., or 10 "dubbeltjes" of 10 cents = 2d. equal to 100 cents. MALAY VOCABULARY. A few every-day single words and sentences, etc., in English and Malay may be useful. The \o\\"els are pronounced thus: — A fuH as in father. E as e in neck. I as ee in feel. O full as in open. Qe as u in full. / as y : — Boat Boatman Coolie Customhouse Electric train First class Second class Third class Ticket Gold coin Silver coin Copper coin Hotel House Letter Luggage Money Office Paper money Pier Railway Railway carriage Room Shore Steamship Stop Telegram Telegraph office Ten-cents piece Twenty-five-cents piece Time-table Tram Policeman Police Station Sampang Toekang sampang Coolie Kantor douane Trem lekstrik Klas satoe Klas doewa Klas tiga Kartjes Wang fnas Wang perak Doewit tembaga Roemah makan Roemah Soerat Barang Wang Kantor ^\'ang kertas Plantaran Spoor Kretta api Kamar Darat Kapal api Brenti Soerat kawat Kantor kawat Sketip Talen (stali) Soerat Ijretta api I rem Oppas policie Kantor a?olicie 20 Postal-card Post Office I will go Go quickly How much (price) ? How much (quantity)? I won't do it I won't give it I don't allow it That's enough All right ; it is enough Come here Don't want it Go Wait a little It is no use bothering me any more Hold your tongue Be off Here, coolie, take my luggage Two men only Five pieces Are vou the mandoer from Hotel X? Yes, Sir. Here is the receipt of my lug- gage, you take care of it, pay the coolies for me and bring it to the Hotel. Here is a quarter (/ 0.25) to pay the coolies. W^here is your bus (waggon)? Everything allright? Go on, then. Have you a room? Where is the landlord? Boy, take my luggage to "No. 50," five pieces. Have you got them? I want some tea or coffee. Is there no barber? Yes, Sir, he will be here after a while. Call the washerman for me. Here, washerman, are 20 pieces. I want them back in three days ; that means on the 2gth at 5 o'clock in the afternoon. All right. Sir. Boy, I want some writing paper, some ink and a pen. I want some icewater. I want a bottle of apollinaris. Where is the lavatory? Where is the bathroom? Ooen this bottle. Kartoe pos Kantor pos Saja pigi Pigi lekas Brapa doewit Brapa ada Tida maoe Tida kassi Saja tida kassi Ini sampeh Soedah Mari sini Tida maoe Pigi Nanti sedikit Soedah, habis perkara Diam kwe Pigi Sini, coolie, angkat barang Doewa orang sadja Lima pptong Kwe mandoer Hotel X ? Saja Toean Ini recu deri bagazie, kwe djaga, bajar coolie dan bawa di Hotel. Ini satoe talen (stall) (/ 0.25) boewat bajar coolie. Mana omnibus? Kareta? Soedah klar? Madjoe. Ada kapiar? Mana toean roemah makan? Jonges, bawa barang di "ka- mar SO," ada lima potong. Soedah ada? Saja minta te (koppie). Tida ada toekang tjoekoer? Ada toean, nanti datang. Pangil menatoe. Sini, menatoe doewapoeloe potong, minta kombali dalem tiga hari, djadi hari doewapoeloe sembilan, poe- koel lima sore. Baai Toean. Jonges^ minta kertas toelis dan penna tinta. Minta ajer ice. Minta ajer blanda. Mana kamar ketjil? Mana kamar mandi? Boeka ini bottel. 27 Open this trunk. At what time is dinner, boy? Remember, if you don't look after the mosquitos, you don't get your tip. Wake me up to-morrow at 6 o'clock sharp. I want to leave by the first train to Buitenzorg. Can I have some breakfast before I leave? Yes, Sir, breakfast is always ready at 6 o'clock. I want a carriage and a lug- gage car. I want some half-boiled eggs. Let me have a couple of fried eggs or ham and eggs. I want some tea, boy. Where is the menu? Bring me some soup first. I don't want any rice. Let me have some rice but none of the hot dishes. I want only chicken, eggs and fish. Let me have some beef-steak and salad. Boy, I want some bread. Let me have the wine-list. Bring me a bottle of Claret No. lo. Give me some ice, boy. Give me some fruit. Have you a match for me? To the left. To the right. To the British Consul. Glass Fork Ice water Knife Plate Spoon Teaspoon Teacup Tumbler Tablecloth Wine glass Bed Bench Chair Desk Drawer Table Screen Boeka irii kopper. Poekoel brapa makan, jonges? Ingat, kaloe kwe tida djaga njamok kwe tida dapat presfen. Kassi bangoen bissok pagi poekoel annem betoel. Saja maoe pigi di Buitenzorg (Bogor). Bisa dapat makan doeloean? Saja Toean. Makanan deri poekoel annem soedah klaar. Saja minta karetta dan kar- etta bagazie. Minta telor stengah mateng. Kassi doewa mata sapi atauw mata sapi dan ham. Jonges, minta te. Mana soCrat makan ? Bawa sop doeloe. Tida makan nassi. Minta nassi, tapi tida maoe sambal. Minta ajam, telor dan ikan sadja. Minta biefstuk sama salad. Jonges, 'minta roti. Bawa soerat anggoer Kassi satoe bottel anggoer merra No. sapoeloe. Minta ice, jonges. Minta bpea. Kwe ada korrek api? Kiri. Kanan. Pigi di kantor konsul Inggris. Glas Garpoe Aer ice Piso Firing Sendok Sendok te Mangkok Glas besar Taplak Glas .\nggoer Tampat tidoer Bankoe Krossie Medja toelis Lemari Medja Adangan 28 Pitcher Beef Beer Bread Chicken Eggs Kish Milk Mustard Pepper Rice Salt Sugar A little Half . Large Small Cold Fine weather Hot Rain Thunder Crater Shirt Shoe Slippers Soap Socks Spectacles Sun That man Tree Tooth brush Tooth powder Towel Bath Trousers Trunk Umbrella Waist coat Watchmaker Water closet Window Wood One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Eleven Twelve Thirteen Karap Daging Bier Roti Ajam Telor Ikan Soesoe Mosterd Lada Nassi Garam Goela Sedikit Stenga Besar Ketjil Dingin Hari Bagoes Panas Oedjan Gloedoek Kawah Kemedja Sepatoe Slop Saboen Sarong kaki. Cowse. Katja mata Mata hari Ini orang Pohoon Sikat gigi Obat gigi Handoek Mandi Tjelana Kopper Pajong^ Rompie Toekang lontjeng Kamar ketjil Djendella Is^ajoe Satoe Doewa Tiga Ampat Lima Anam Toedjoe Delapan Sembilan Sepoeloe Sablas Doewablas Tigablas 29 P'ourteen A.mpatblas Fifteen Limablas Sixteen Anamblas Seventeen Toedjoeblas Eighteen Delapanblas Nineteen Sembilanblas Twenty Doewa poeloe Twenty-one Doewa poeloe satoe Twenty-two Doewa poeloe doewa Thirty-four Tiga poeloe ampat Forty-six Ampat poeloe anam Hundred Seratoe^ thousand Sereboe Clock or watch Lontjen^ Time Tempo Minute Minuut What is the time? Poekoel brapa? One o'clock. Poekoel satoe Two o'clock Poekoel doewa Half-past two Stengah tiga Quarter-past two Poekoel doewa sprapat Morning Pagi Noon Siang Afternoon Sore I Eng. mile i paal MODE OF LIVING. It is advisable to rise at 6 a.m. to enjoy the glorious morning, which will be appreciated as the best part of the day. Take a shower-bath and order your tea or coffee which will be brought by your room "jonges. " If a good pedestrian, a walk is recommended. If driving is pre- ferable, order a carriage from the hotel or engage a public vehicle and obtain a \'iew of your surroundings. Return by 8 o'clock and breakfast. Further excursions may be made till noon, when all principal stores close, opening again at 4 p.m. Business houses are open all day until the last-named hour. After tiffin (12.30), rest; rising at 4 o'clock a second bath will be welcome, after which order your afternoon tea or coffee. .A visit to the city with a call at the Club will fill in the evening till 7.30 p.m., when it is time to return to your hotel and to dress for dinner (8.30). To ladies, lightest muslin or silk is recommended. To gentlemen, white clothes and boots for every-day wear are necessary to spend your time in comfort. \'ery light woollen underwear is recommended. Native laundrymen are quick and cheap. The stores in all settled towns are up-to-date, and European doctors and chemists are easily available. Make your complaints, if any, to the hotel manager and not to native attendants. 30 - LIST OF HOTELS. - In Java, Sumatra and Singapore. ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED. Prices are quoted per diem. Rs— Ro AMBARAWA. Hotel Arabarawa, 22 Rs, f S. Spoorhotel Vau Rheedeu, ,_ reKs, fS.W. BANDJARNHGARA. Hotel Bandjarnegara, 6Rs, f4. BANDOBNG. 'Hotel Homaiin, 02 Rs, f 5.2S tofT.as. Hotel Mignon, 22 Rs, f 3 to f 4. Spoorhotel Phoenix, 17 Rs, f 2.50 to f 3.50 •Preanger Hotel, 28 Rs, f 5.60 tof V. Hotel ■Wjlhelmina, 16 Rs, f 4 tof6. BANJOUMAS. Hotel Banjoemas, 10 Rs, f 3.60 to f 4. Hotel De Lyon & Co., 8 Rs, f 5. BANJOEWANGI. Hotel Banjoewangi, 17 Rs,f 5. BATAVIA. See WELTEVREDBN. Hotel Besoeki, 4 Rs, fS. BESOEKl. BIJMBING. BLITAR. BODJA. BOJOLAIJ. BONDOWOSO. Hotel Weudit, 9 Rs. f 2.60 to f3.50. Hotel du Chemin de Fer, lf> Rs, f5. Hotel Bodja,4Rs, f 6. Hotel Bojolali, 6 Rs, (4 to f 5. Hotel Bondowoso, 10 Rs, f 6. HotelHoefce, 4Ra, f6. BHITENZORG. 'Hotel Bellevue, 32 Rs. f 5 to f6. •Hetel du Chemin de For, 40Rs, f6tof7. Hotel de I'Europe, 16 Rs, f S 50, Hotel Cheribou, 46 Rs, f 6. Hotel Cheriex, 13 Rs, f 6. CHERIBON. DIENG PLATEAU. Hotel Dieug-, 4 Rs, f 5. DJOEWANA. Hotel Djoewaua. 7 Rs, fS. DJOCJAKARTA. Hotel Matarani, 30 Rs. f 4 to f6. Hotel Toegoe, 40 Rs, f 6 to f 8. A new Hotel building. DJOMBA'NG. Hotel Paviljoen, 18 Rs, f 6. GOMBONG. KAMAL. KEBOEMEN. KEDIRI. KLATEN. KOEDOES, KOENINGAN. KRAKSAAN. KRAWANG. L.^MONGAN. LAWANG. LEMBANG. LOEMADJANG. MADIOEN. MAGELANG. MAGETAN. Hotel Qoentoer, 7 Rs, f 6, Hotel Pension Hielckert. 12 Rs, f4. •Hotel Villa Dolce, 36 Rs, f 6 tof7. •Hotel van Horck, 30 Rs, f 8. *Tourist Hotel " Papandajan.'' 14 Rs, fO. Hotel Goniboug, 6 Rs, f 4. Hotel Nieuw Scheveningen, 7 Rs, ff:. Hotel " Le Bienvenu," 8 Rs, f 6. Hotel Centrum, 7 Rs, f 6. Hotel Kediri,23Rs,r3.60to [i. Hotel Klaten, 4 Rs, f 3.50. Posthotel. 5 Rs. I 5. Hotel Koedoes, 12 Rs, f 4. Hotel Sarkies, 5 Rs, f 4. Ladies Van der Sraitte, 6 Rs, f 3 to f 3.60. Hotel Kraksaan, 6 Rs, f 5. Hotel Krawaug, 7 Rs, f 4. Hotel Laraongan, 2 Rs, f 6. Hotel du Chemin de Fer, 11 Rs, f5. Hotel Lawaug, 20 Rs, f 6. Hotel "Nongko Djadjar," 4000 feet above sea level (12 miles distant front Lawaiig),30Rs, f5 tof6. Hotel Rozenhof (Annex of the Batavia Hotel der Neder- landen), 20 Rs, f 6 to f 7.60. Hotel Bergzicht, 16 Rs, f 3.50 tofS. Hotel Mesker, U Rs, fa. Hotel van Beresteyn, 22 Rs, f 6. Spoorhotel, 4 Rs, t 3.50. Hotel Centrum. 17 Rs, f 4. Hotel Loze, 20 Rs, f 6. Hotel Stoove, 3 Re, f 6. MALAKG. Hotel Janseii, 30 Rs, f S.55. Hotel Jensen, 37 Rs, f 3 to f 5, Spoorhotel, 10 Rs, f2.60tof 6. MAOS. Government Hotel (Staals- hotel),24R5, f 4. MODJOKERTO. Hotel Modjopait, 25 Rs, i 6. NGANDJOEK. Hotel Wilhelniina, 7 Rs, f 6. NGAWI. Hotel Ng-awi, 3 Ks, f 5, OENGARAN. Hotel Oengaran, 11 Rs. f 4 tofo. PAMEKASAN. Hotel Pamekasau, 12 Ks. f 6. PATI. Hotel Pati, 12 Rs, f6. PATJITAN. Hotel Patjitan, -2 Rs, f 6. PARE;E. Hotel Minerva, 10 Rs, f 6. PASOEKOEAN. Marine Hotel, 66 Rs, f S. Hotel Tonjes, 12 Rs, f 4.50. PEKAi:,ONGAN. Hotel Niepoth, 24 Rs, f 5. POERWAKARTA. Hotel Poerwakarta.lORs, f6. POEKWODADI. Hotel Verdier, B Rs, f 4 to f 6. POERWOREDJO. Hotel Centrum, 10 Rs, f 4. Hotel van Laar, 10 R.-i, f 5. POEDJON. Hotel Poedjon, 20 Rs, f 5 to f 6. PONOROGO. Hotel Ponorogo, 4 Rs, f 5. PRIGKN. Hotel Prigen, 17 Rs, f 8. PROBOLIKGGO. Hotel Pension Houingr, 8 Rs, f 4. Hotel Probolinjsio, 24 Rs, fS.60 tof 5. RANGKAS BETOENC. Hotel Lebak, 4 Rs, f 5. SALATIGA. Hotel Kali Taman, 24 Rs, f 4 to fe. Hotel Van Kleef, 18 Rs, f 3.60 tof 4.50. SAMPANG. Hotel Sampang^, 6 Rs, f 5. SEMAKANG. Hotel Jansen, 50 Rs, f 5.25, Hotel du Pavilion. .TO Rs, f 5.50 tof 7. HOTELS IN JAVA- Continued. SOEMEDANG. Hotel Soemedaug, 7 Rs, f 5. SOEM9NAP. Hotel van Duyne, B Rs, f 5. SERANG. SINGAPORE. SOERABAIA. 'Oranje Hotel, 200 Rs, f 6.50 tof 24. Hotel Erabong Malang, 40 Rs, f 6 tof 6. Hotel Gentenjr Ketabang, 16 Rs, f 5 tof 6, Hotel des Indep. (in the Lower Town), 42 Rs, f 5.25 Hotel Sarkies, 24 Rs, f 5. Hotel Simpang, 62 Rs, f 6. Pension Slier, 40 Rs, f 5 to f 7 SOLO. (SOERAKARTA) Hotel Rusche, 36 Rs, f 5. Hotel Slier, 33 Rs, f 6.26. SRAGEN. Hotel Schwidder, 6 Rs. f 4.60. SUMATRA. ♦Hotel de Boer. (Med^n) 'Medan Hotel. TASIKMALAJA. Hotel Vogel, 16 Rs, f 4.60. TKGAL. Hotel Insulinde, 20 Rs, f 6. Hotel Tegal, 30 Rs, f 5. Hotel Serang, 10 Rs, f 4 to f .=i. •Raffles Hotel. Grand Hotel de TEnrope. Adelphi Hotel. Hotel Van Wyck. SIDOARDJO. Hotel Sidoardjo, 6 Us. f6. SINDANGLAJA. Hotel Sindan^laja, ;ii Us, 7 pavilions, f C. SITOEBONDO. Hotel van Blomnieuatein, i) Rs, f8. SOEKABOEML Hotel and Sanatorium SeLi- batoe, 50 Rs. f tito fS. Hotel Victoria, 60 R';, f (> lo fS. Note. — The asterisk affixed to the name of recommended. TEMANGGE;0XG. Hotel Temanggoeng, 6 Rs- f 5. TE^'GGER MOUNTAINS. Hotel and Sanator, • ium, PoespoHill.ll Rs,f5. Resort Tengger, 30 Rs, f 5, *HoteI and Sanatorium Tosari, 100 Rs, f7. TJIANDJOER- Hotel Beyerinck, 12 Rs, f 5. TJILATJAP. Hotel Bellevue, 17 Rs, f 4to f 5. Hotel du Chemin de Fer, IS Es, f3.60 tof 6. Hotel Tjilatjap, 15 Ss, f 4. TOSARI. See TENGGER MOUNTAINS TRENGGALEK. Hotel Trenggalek, 4 Es, fl tof 5. TRETES. Hotel Tretes, 24 Es, f5 tof6. WELERI. Hotel Beek, 2 Es, f 6. WLINGI. Hotel Wtiugi. 14 Rs, f 4 to f 5. \\ tlNDSOBO. Hotel Wonosobo, II Rs, f 5. * WELTEVREDEN. Hotel de France. SO Es, f 4 tof 6. •Hotel des Indes. 126 Bs, f 6 to flu. Grand Hotel Java. 78 Es, f6 lo f 10. Hotel Molenvliet, ■_>5 Es, f4 to f6. • Hotel der Nederlanden, 105 Rs, f f. tof 10. Hotel Ort, 30 Rs. f 3.50 to f 6. Hotel Wisfc, 36 Rs, f 5.50 to f 7.60. an hotel denotes that it can be specially Telegraphic Code MOTELS in jnvn. Please reserve one single bedroom ALBA ,, ,, one double bedroom ALBUM ,, ,, two single bedrooms BABEL ,, ,, one single and one double bedropm BAZAR ,, ,, two double bedrooms BADINEJ ,, ,, one single and two double bedrooms CADEAU ,, ,, two single and one double bedroom CABLE ,, three single bedrooms CABIN three double bedrooms CRAPAUD ,, four double bedrooms DAISY ,, ,, one single and three double bedrooms DELAWARE ,, two single and two double bedrooms DISTANCE ,, ,, three single and one double bedroom DORPER ,, ,, four double bedrooms DEDUCT I (We) don't want the rooms we ordered CANCEL I (We) shall arrive one day earlier DEARLY ,, „ „ two days earlier TWEAK one day later RELATE two days later LATELY EXAMPLES : Hotel X. Weltevreden. BADINE TO-MORROW. MEANS : Hotel X. — Weltevreden. Please reserve two double bed- rooms for to-morrow. Hotel A. Bandoeng. CABIN WEDNESDAY. MEANS : Hotel A. — Bandoeng. Please reserve three single bed- rooms next Wednesday. If the visit is postponed, use one of the last mentioned suitable words with Signature. 33 Suggestions for a Mumbcr of Trips, occupying from 7 to 21 Days. 7 DAYS' TRIP- No. 1. I St and and DAYS. — Batavia and Weltevreden. 3rd DAY. — In the early morning to Bui'tenzorg. From Konings- plein Station, 75 minutes. Visit Botanical Gardens. Leave in afternoon for Soekaboemi. 4th DAY. — Leave Soekaboemi early for Garoet. Change carriage at Padalarang for Tjibatoe. Here change carriage for Garoet. Arrival in the afternoon. At 3 o'clock trip to Lake Bagendit. Return via Tjipanas. Sth DAY. — Excursion to Crater of the Volcano Papandayan, to the White Lake (Telaga Bodas), the Volcano Kawah Manoek or the Lakes of Leles (Tjangkoewan). 6th DAY. — Leave (iaroet early for Bandoeng. Arrival early after-l i noon. Drive through Bandoeng. i 7th DAY. — Leave Bandoeng early for Weltevreden. No. 2. 1st and 2nd DAYS. — Batavia and Weltevreden. 3rd DAY. — To Buitenzorg. From Koningsplein Station, 75 minutes- by fast train. Visit Botanical Gardens in the morning. Leave Buiten- zorg in the afternoon for Soekaboemi. 4th DAY. — Trip to Selabintana. 5th DAY. — Leave Soekaboemi in the morning for Garoet. Arrivals afternoon. Trip to Lake Bagendit per carriage. Return via Tjipanas. 6th DAY. — Excursion to the Crater of the \'olcano Papandayan, to the White Lake (Telaga Bodas), the \olcano Kawah Manoek or the Lakes of Leles (Tjangkoewan). 7th DAY. — To Weltevreden. Leave Garoet before noon. Arrival Weltevreden (Kemajoran Station) in the afternoon. 10 DAYS' TRIP.. I St and 2nd DAYS. — Bataxia and Weltevreden. 3rd DAW -In the early morning to Buitenzorg. From Koningsplein| Station, 75 minutes. \'isit Botanical Gardens in the morning. Leave in the afternoon for Soekaboemi. 4th DAY.— Leave Soekaboemi in the morning for Garoet. Arrival afternoon. At 3 o'clock trip to Lake Bagendit. Return via Tjipanas.! 34 5th and 6th DAYS. — Excursions to the Crater of the Volcano Papan- dayan, to the White Lake (Telaga Bodas), the Volcano Kawah Manoek or the Lakes of Leles (Tjangkoewan). 7th DAY. — To Djokja. Leave Garoet in the early morning. Change carriage at Tjibatoe (Java express with dining-car). Arrival Djokja early afternoon. Drive through Djokja. 8th DAY. — To the Hindoo Temple Ruins of Boro Boedoer. In the afternoon visit Water Castle. gth DAY. — To Bandoeng. Leave Djokja before noon. (Java express with dining-car). Arrival Bandoeng before dinner. loth DAY. — Leave Bandoeng in the early morning (fast train) or early in the afternoon (through-train with dining-car). Arrival Weltev- reden in the afternoon. 14 DAYS' TRIP. I St and 2nd DAYS. — Batavia and Weltevreden. 3rd DAY. — In the early morning to Buitenzorg. Visit Botanical Gardens in the morning. Leave Buitenzorg afternoon for Soekaboemi. 4th DAY. — Leave Soekaboemi by the morning train. Change carriage at Padalarang. Arrival Bandoeng at noon. After titTin drive through Bandoeng. 5th DAY. — Visit the Volcano Tangkoeban Prahoe. 6th DAY. — To Garoet. Leave Bandoeng in the early morning by through-train (dining-car) or Java express. Change carriage at Tjibatoe. Arrival Garoet in the afternoon. Trip to Lake Bagendit ; return via Tjipanas. 7th DAY. — Excursion to the Crater of the Volcano Papandayan, the White Lake (Telaga Bodas), the \'olcano Kawah Manoek or the Lakes of Leles (Tjangkoewan). 8th DAY. — To Djokja. Leave Garoet in the early morning (Java express with dining-car). Arrival Djokja early in the afternoon. Drive through Djokja. 9th DAY. — To the Hindoo Temple Ruins of Boro Boedoer. In the afternoon visit Water Castle. loth DvVY. — To Spurabaya. Leave Djokja in the morning by through-train with dining-car or Java express. Arrival Sourabaya (Goe- beng Station) in the afternoon, before dinner. nth DAY.- To Tosari. 1 2th DAY. — To the Volcana Bromo. 13th DAY. — Return to Sourabaya. 14th DAY.— Embark. 35 21 DAYS' TRIP. I St, 2nd and 3rd DAYS.— Batavia and Weltevreden. In the after, noon of the third day to Buitenzorg. 4th DAY.— Visit the Botanical Gardens in the morning. Drive through Buitenzorg. Leave in the afternoon for Soekaboemi. 5th DAY. — Trip to Selabintana. 6th DA v. — Leave Soekaboemi in the morning. Change carriage-at Padalarang. Arrival Bandoeng at noon. After lunch drive through Bandoeng. 7th DAY. — To the \'olcano Tangkoeban Prahoe. 5th DAY. — Leave Bandoeng in the early morning for Garoet. Arrival afternoon. - Trip to Lake Bagendit ; return via Tjipanas. 9th, loth and nth DAYS. — Excursions to. the Crater of the \dcano Papandayan, to the White Lake (Telaga Bodas), the Volcano Kawai| Manoek or the Lakes of Leles (Tjangkoeviran). 12 DAY. — To Djokja. Leave Garoet in the early morning. Arrival Djokja afternoon. Drive through Djokja. 13th DAY. — To the Hindoo Temple Ruins of Boro Boedoer. In the afternoon visit Water Castle. 14th DAY. — To the Prambanan Temple Ruins. ' I 15th DA\ . — To Sourabaya. Leave Djokja in the morning or early in the afternoon ; resp. through-train with dining-car or Java express. Arrival Sourabaya (Goebeng Station) resp. in the afternoon or in the ' evening, before dinner. 1 6th DAY.— To Tosari. 17th DAY.— To the \'olcano Bromo. 1 8th DAY.— To the Penandjaan. igth DAY. — To Sourabaya. 2oth DAY. — To Bandoeng. Leave Sour^baya-Goebeng in the early morning ; Java express with dining-car. Arrival Bandoeng in the even- ing, before dinner. 2 1 St DAY. — To Weltevreden. Leave Bandoeng in the afternoon. Fast train with dining-car. Arrival Weltevreden late afternoon. For further information or more lengthy itineraries apply to the Official Tourist Bureau, Rijswijk, Weltevreden. 36 Important Notice. Visitors to the ports of Sourabaya and Batavia particularly, ha\e been deceived into the belief that smooth-tongued agents, representing themselves as coming from the Tourist Bureau, are really authorised by the Official Tourist Bureau, which is controlled by the Go\ ernment. Such is not the case ! To avoid misconception, it is well to note, that the Official Tourist Bureau is an institution established for the pur- pose of affording free of cost or profit every available information in order to assist the visitors to Java. The Official Tourist Bureau does not attend to luggage or baggage ; it does not conduct trips through Java, it does not sell hotel coupons in order to make a commission. The best advice to Tourists requiring accommodation is to wire to one of the leading Hotels (a li.st is to be found in these pages), and they will attend to luggage, etc., at the recognised rates — without overcharge or commission. The Editor. Special Attention is drawn 'to a Royal Decree of the 20th January, 1911, No. 22, relating to the admission of foreigners to Java. Passengers arriving from foreigii- ports are not allowed to land in Java without a Landing Certificate, which may be obtained from the Purser, free of charge, in the case of Dutch subjects, or on payment of /25 = £2 Is. 8d., in the case of foreign subjects. This certificate may include the passenger's wife and children (if under age), and must be exchanged at the Office of the Secretary of Immigration for a Permit ("Toelatings° kaart"), which entitles the holder to stay or travel in Java for two years. The amount of /25 paid for the Landing Certificate will be refunded to the holder of the corresponding Permit, when leaving Java within six months of arrival. 37 /MELBOURNE Boto.nic&l Gardens 38 Section I. CHAPTER 111. "n Trip to Java by a K.P.M. Steamer." Melbourne is the Australian starting and terminal point, respectively of the steamers of the Royal Packet Steam Navigation Company (K.P.M. Line) to and from Java and the MELBOURNE. Dutch indies. The city and its vicinity has many attractive features for the visitor, and the Victorian Government Tourist Bureau, at the corner of Collins and Swanston Streets is always prepared to furnish gratuitous information, pamphlets, etc. to the intending sightseers. Visitors are recommended to call at the Bureau which supplied the following particulars useful to tourists : — "Melbourne, the capital city of Victoria, lies on the River Yarra at a distance of five miles from its mouth, and has, with its suburbs, a popu- lation of 592,000. It enjoys an equable climate, ha^•ing a mean temperature of 58*3 degrees and an average rainfall of 25^44 inches. The city proper, "which is approximately a mile in length by half-a-mi!e wide, has been built upon the lines originally surveyed, and its splendid symmetry is an enduring testimony to the foresight of those entrusted with the task. The streets, which run at right angles to each other, dividing the city into rectangular blocks, are -wide, the roadways of the most important being wood-blocked, and all have broad, well -paved footpaths. The four principal thoroughfares are Collins and Bourke Streets, lying parallel to each other and running east and west, and intersecting them at right angles are Swanston and Elizabeth Streets. At the head of Bourke Street stand the Houses of Parliament, and, travelling westward, thriving retail businesses line the thoroughfare ; and the busy Eastern Market, at the corner of Exhibition Street, and running through to Little Collins Street, is well worth a visit. The extreme end of Bourke Street leads into Spencer Street and its railway station. Swanston and Eliza- 39 ^ rjSs^^agg 40 beth Streets are important business thoroughfares, and are the two main arteries through which flow the inward and outward traffic of pedestrians to and from the trains at the Central Railway Station. \'isitors cannot fail to be struck with the splendid architecture dis- played in the erection of public buildings, business premises, and ecclesiastical edifices, in the main streets, and many of the principal theatres are imposing and handsome structures, whilst the various hos- pitals are designed to afford the maximum of eomfort to their inmates. Cable-car services are maintained through the main streets and to the distant suburbs, and afford comfortable transport, while a network of suburban railways link all the principal suburbs with the metropolis, and specially cheap fares are charged within the suburban radius of the city. During the twelve months ending Junie 30th, 191 1, the colossal total of over 86^- millions of passenger journeys was made on the suburban railway system. The metropolitan railway stations are Spencer Street, !)ing at the western end of Collins, Little Collins, and Bourke Streets, from which start the interstate services and those of the Victorian system, except the eastern and south-eastern lines, which run from the handsome new Central Station at the south end of Swanston and Elizabeth Streets, as do also the whole of the suburban services, with the exception of those to Clifton Hill, Preston, Heidelberg and Eltham, which leave Prince's Bridge Station, at the corner of Swanston and Flinders Streets, and those to St. Albans and Werribee from Spencer Street. Recent additions to Melbourne's transport system are the electric tram car services connecting St. Kilda and Brighton, and running for some distance along^the Bay foreshore. Overseas vessels plying to and from Melbourne find berthage either at the Railway or Town Piers at Port Melbourne, two and a half miles from Melbourne, reached by frequent train or tram services, or at the Railway Pier, Williamstown. The interstate fleet comes right up the river to \\ harves at the ver}' door of the city. Some very large ocean- going vessels also find accommodation at the river wharves or in the roomy Victoria Dock, at the western end of Flinders Street. The present seat of the Federal Government of Australia is the Houses of Parliament, situated in Spring Street, at the eastern end of Bourke Street, and the \'ictorian Legislature has temporary quarters in a portion of the Exhibition Buildings, in the gardens of the same name, and approached by v\'ay of Nicholson or Rathdown Streets. Melbourne citizens are justly proud of the magnificent parks, gar- dens, and recreation reserves, which afford such splendid breathing space 41 for her population, and playgrounds for all classes. The visit of Iheir Majesties King George V. and Queen Mary in igoo stirred the authorities to action in the direction of further beautifying the St. Ivilda Road, the southern gate of the city, by which the Royal party entered Melbourne. Outdoor attractions in Melbourne are of the most diverse. The traveller will not fail to see the Alexandra Drive, with its rockeries, lawns and flower beds and fine stretch of road, the beauties of which have done so much to destroy the absurd tradition that the Yarra is a thing to be avoided. This will take him to the botanical gardens, situated on the most picturesque spot around Melbourne. The gardens command a lovely panorama of the city and northern suburbs, and whether it be from the point of view of botanical interest or effective arrangement, the gardens themselves are undoubtedly the finest in Australia. The visitor must also inspect the Queen's statue, overlooking the fine park on the right of the entrance to Alexandra Avenue. Short journeys by tram or railway will take the \\anderer to the sea- side resorts of South Melbourne, St. Kilda or Brighton. Each has fine stretches of beach and briny atmosphere, while the drive to Brighton by road, past the bold Red Bluff at Elsternwick, will be regarded as one of the most enjoyable experiences of the trip. If the stranger would like a half-hour's blow on the briny, he can go to Williamstown by rail, a half-hour's journey, where he can see the fleet of grain and wool ships loading cargo with extraordinary expedition for markets over seas, while a short walk will take him to the Back Beach, which is a popular holiday rendezvous. From Williamstown a ferry steamer runs across Hobson's Bay to Port Melbourne, where the great 42 Healesville WatrleReaich, RiverYarra^ 43 mail steamers and ocean liners may be inspected from the Railway Piet, and if the observer strikes a day when one of the Orient or P- and O. boats is leaving for England, he will take part in an animated scene, for the practice of seeing one's friends off on a trip has developed into a fashionable rite, and there is colour, movement, and every form of emotion in the leave-taking, cheering and fluttering of handkerchiefs that accompany the occasion. And now for a few thumb-nail sketches of extra-metropolitan attractions. SANDRINGHAM affords a very pleasant outing, having a fine ex- panse of beach and a bold cliff, on which you get a cool breeze on the hottest day. Vou can reach Sandringham by rail from Flinders Street. BEAUMARIS. — A tram ride will take you to this pretty bay-side resort, shortly, it is to be hoped, to be connected by electric tram or rail with'the city. There are many delightful bays and nooks about the coast, and the road from Black Rock, where the holiday-makei is sure to pause for a time, is lined with masses of ti-tree, that furnish a perennial shade. All this part of the coast is worth inspection, and the journey by train may be completed in a very effective manner by 'going on to Cheltenham, through market gardens and orchards, returning to Melbourne from Cheltenham by rail. MENTONE is another shore spot on the east side of Port Phillip, and fast becoming a residential suburb of great importance. It is only fourteen miles from Melbourne, and is reached bv train from Flinders Street. Many handsome villas adorn the Beach Road, overlooking the sea and the beach, which extends for miles, offers splendid bathing facilities. MORDIALLOC, farther on, has a railway terminus close to the beach. It has become a favourite resort for holiday trippers and Sunday excursionists, and presents a variety of amusements in sea-bathing, boat- ing on the Mordialloc Creek, dancing, and many other allurements. ASPENDALE has bounded into popular favour within a few vears. It makes an excellent camping ground, which the tall ti-tree scrub speci- ally favours. The tents are often most elaborate structures, supplied with all the latest conveniences, and life in such cjgreeable circumstances is elevated to a fine art. Mixed bathing is the mode, the wide expanse of sea, protected by a natural bar, giving opportunities for a dip which both sexes appreciate to the full. HEIDELBERG is only a short journey from the city, but it plunges the visitor at once into country scenes, and fresh, fragrant meadow lands. The \'arra here is remarkably prettx , and quite denies its reputation as a woe-begone stream of the popular huriiourist. 44 X O Ij r z < o s: s: o CI Q s '■5 LA a. u a u _^' 'be n ■ cr t- in in o ^ x: "o ca re jT - 'A t -^i (£ 2 5 3 « ^ CO £ -5 < in t; r N - . CO uJ no i^ _i ■J o Q _f r- 9 O ti ^ .a s Z o o « Cj a; < g- M S y ? 3 i SOUTH MORANG, on the Whittlesea line, is another fine picnick- ing ground, which is every year attracting more attention. The elevation is high enough to take one into pure fresh air, and the Plenty, flowing through a rugged, rockbound \alley, presents not only effecti\ e scenery, but at times good fishing for the skilful angler. The Melbourne Cricket Ground, in Yarra Park, is the head-quarters of athletic sport in this State, but every suburb rejoices in the possession of its own recreation reserve, more or less completely equipped with grand-stand and seating accommodation. The leading racecourses are those at Flemington, now world-famous as the deciding ground of the Melbourne Cup, and at Caulfield, whilst other race clubs and proprietaries provide sport on racecourses in \arious suburbs, pony racing being carried on at Richmond, Fitzroy, and Ascot. BRIGHTON, eight miles from Melbourne, is one of the most popular watering places on Port Phillip Bay. The broad, sandy beach stretches from the Red Bluff to Sandringham and is thronged during the summer months with country visitors and the weary toilers of the city. The town council spare no expense in adding to the comfort and beauty of the place. There are two piers, commodious baths, a rotunda, where refreshments are provided, tea gardens, and beautiful grass lawns. There is an excellent train service, also a system of electric trams via St. Kilda. Australia is a land of unique characteristics. New South Wales epitomises Australia. The world-travelled tourist blase with sight-seeing in many lands, finds in New South Wales much that SYDNEY. '^ new. It appeals to him by its strangeness, and kindles a fresh interest, and raises new sensations. In his tour among the resorts and scenic beauties of New South ^\'ales, the oldest of the six States of the Great Island Continent, he discovers many things of interest and abiding fascination. From the strangeness of the forms of its animal and vegetable life, New South Wales is one of the most interesting countries in the world. Cut off by the ocean for untold centuries from the rest of the world, the vegetation of the Island Continent, and its indigenous animals, are peculiar for their mingling of quite modern with archaic forms. The flora has developed from primitive forms, while the fauna embraces animals long extinct elsewhere, and are relics of an age when the earth was younger. In place of the familiar groves of his native land, the traveller finds in New South Wales forests of giant eucalyptus, giant trees that shed their bark but not their leaves, and \ast groves of wattle, making the bush golden with their gleaming yellow sprays. Exery gully 45 /?= V;= 46 has its robe of ferns from the tiniest coil of tender green to fronds which extead to a spread of twenty feet. The cabbage tree and bangalow palms rear their giant, naked stems for scores of feet, unfolding at their tops exquisite clusters of polished foliage. The waratahs bloom like balls of fire in all the coastal forests, side by side with the germea or giant lily, a noble flower of deepest red, larger than any cabbage, tree ferns growing to handsome proportions in the riot of verdure along the coast where the tree-tops are matted in rolling, woolly masses by many varieties of flowering creepers. The native fauna con- sists almost entirely of differ- ent varieties of queer mar- supials, ranging in size from the "old man" kangaroo of the plains, standing taller than a man, to the diminu- tive bandicoot, and include wallabies, wombats, native bears and dingoes or native dogs. Queerest of all the nati\'e animals is the platypus [O rnithorhynchus paradoxus) , a four-footed creature with the bill of a duck and furry coat, which lays shell-less egg's, and lives in the water. Bifids are represented by the emu and cassowary, as large as ostriches, and of similar type ; the lyre bird, with a tail shaped like the ancient musical instrument, noted for its marvellous powers of mimicr)' ; the kookooburra, or laughing jackass ; swans ; end- less varieties of pigeons and gorgeous-plumaged parrots. New South Wales possesses no fewer than twentv-six different systems of _ limestone ca\erns, the most famous of which are those at Jenolan. The Jenolan Caves rank among the world's wonders. They are bewildering in their immensity, and mystifying in the weirdness of their phantastic formations. Twehe chambers, each distinctive in the variety and colouring of their formations, are open for inspection. They are highly improved by pathways and stairways and electrical installation, and are viewed with the utmost ease and comfort. They hold mvriads of K. P.M. Steamer van Linschoteu leaving: Sydney Harbor, 47 Katoomba Falls, Blue Mountains, New South Wales. 48 delicate dripstones of hues graduating from lemon yellow to the colour of ripe apricots, and from the deepest chocolate to the most stainless white, which depend from the ceilings, while fluted stalagmites, some as slender as the finest wire, others fifty feet in circumference, rise from the floor. Within an hour's train journey of Sydnev, the capital, the tourist finds himself in the heart of the upland forests of the world-renowned Blue Mountain Range. The scenery here is of rare magnificence. The rarefied atmosphere makes the whole region a marvellous sanatorium. Through countless teons of time the rivers at the brink of the tableland have carved out stupendous gorges, comparable only with the famous canyons of Colorado. The traveller over the Blue Mountains carries away abiding memories of graceful cascades and waterfalls leaping from giant cliffs, or splashing over boulders through dense fern-clad bowers, gleaming rock-walls of enormous height, with eucalyptus-covered slopes at their feet, and gaping valleys, where tall tr^es, seen from above, seem but a dark-green carpet, and a river but a siKer thread. E\ery turn opens up a new and enchanting vista. A peculiar blue haze, definite yet transparent, shimm.ers over this waste of mountain, valley and forest, wrapping the whole scene in haunting mystery. The rarefied atmospheres that blow off these eucalyptus forests have a wonderfully exhilarating effect upon the system. In the Australian Alps, at the southern extremity of New South Wales, are many snow-clad peaks as yet unknown to fame. Mount Kosciusko, Australia's greatest mountain, lies in the heart of them. Higher than the Righi or Pilatus, of the Swiss Alps, Kosciusko provides the, citizens of New South Wales with opportunities for enjoying the pastimes of Norway, Switzerland and Canada. The mountain is easy of access, and motors reach its very summit over an easy road. In winter, the descending snow-drifts become the centre of attraction for ski-riding, tobogganing, and on the ice-clad lake skating in the open air is enjoyed. A palatial, elaborately-appointed spa, erected by the Govern- ment within the winter snow-line, is a magnificent tourist's headquarters. The streams, born in the melting snows of the Kosciusko Ridge, form a trio of trouting waters which acknowledge no superior. The Creel, a comfortable bungalow at the Kosciusko foothills, provides ideal com- fort for the trout fisherman. The Classic Lido, where the blue Adriatic washed the golden Italian strand, is a famous bathing-place; Coney Island on a warm summer's day seethes with myriads of swimmers ; the long, warm sweep of the breakers on the beach under Diamond Head, on Waikiki, caress the most daring surf-shooters in the world, but nowhere can the siirf-bather find better sport than on the dazzling, sunlit beaches that fringe the Pacific 49 within half an hour's electric car ride from Sydney. Ihe beaches at Manly, Bondi, Coogee and Maroubra have become world famous. These semi-circular beaches of fine golden sands sweep for miles hundreds of The Willows, Jenolan Cavea, New South Wales. feet in width, laved by the crystal-clear breakers "bf the illimitable, blue ] ocean. Surf-bathing is the perfection of physical enjoyment. ' "Hundreds of feet below, to the front and right and left, lies the dimpled ocean of the deepest sapphire, fading "into the clear-cut horizon ' 50 to the palest turquoise. The sands by the margent sea are gold, edged with snowy lace. A line of white foam following the outline of the shore breaks unheard away and away, and to the dim distance on the right waves this triple line of blue, white and gold, until it merges in the infinity of space." This is the vision from the Bulli Pass, one of the grandest of the world's panoramas, to be seen on one of the railway routes from Sydney to Melbourne, or on a short side-trip from Sydney. At the back of this famous tourist district is the great Southern Plateau, crossed by the main line of railway connecting the capitals, Sydney and Melbourne. On the route run the finest express trains. Moss Vale, one of the leading centres of this district, with many splendid health and holiday resorts in its vicinity, is the starting-point for the cross-country trip over the coastal ranges to Nowra, on the Shoalhaven. Nowra is the terminus of the South Coast Railway, and Interstate tickets are available for continuation to Sydney on this route. The traveller will visit absolutely novel scenes, passing in the coach immediately over the head of the Fitzroy Falls, which drop sheer into a rugged, sunken valley to a depth of iioo feet. The vegetation on the ranges is semi-tropical and luxuriant, and the journey on the coastal railway has no rival in its exquisite beauty outside the glorious scenery along the Mediterranean Littoral. The visitor to Sydney should drop in at the Government Tourist Bureau, Challis House, opposite the General Post Office. The Bureau is a live institution, splendidly equipped, and the visitor finds expert officials ever willing to tell them just what they want to know about Sydney and New South Wales. After a pleasant run of about two da}'s we enter Moreton Ba)' and steam some miles up the Brisbane River, on the banks of which is situated the city and the capital of the State. gj^jgg^f^^^ \'iewed from the stearHer, Brisbane is very pic- turesque. The city is well laid out and possesses rnany attractive features. Handsome buildings line the principal thoroughfares, and the general appearance of the city is up-to-date. The public are well catered for by an excellent tramway system, and from many of the routes fine views of the river may be obtained. The public buildings and private institutions compare favourably with those of other capitals of the Commonwealth. The public parks are well laid out and kept, and add considerably to the attractiveness of the city. Some fine drives miay be taken in the environs and a fine panoramic view may be obtained from Mount Cootha or White's Hill. The population within a ten-mile radius of the city numbers about 140,000. The climate is very agreeable, although some- what oppressive in the summer. Brisbane. Having passed an enjoyable day on shore viewing some of the many sights, we return to our steamer and procfeed on our journey to Townsville. Cairns, Nortn Queensland. CAIRNS.— Occasionally the K.P.M. steamers call at Cairns, a pretty little township famous on account of the wonderful "Barron" Falls which, particularly after a flood, afford a spectacle of singular grandeur and beautv. Reaching Townsville late at night \\ e anchored in the roadstead as, owing to the narrow entrance of the harbour and shifting mud banks at the mouth, navigation at night is rather diffi- TOWNSVILLE. ^ult. Substantial breakwaters of consider- able dimensions protect the harbour, and at daylight we up-anchored and steamed slowly to our berth at a wharf on the long southern breakwater. Along the latter, rails are laid, and all cargo can be loaded directly into the steamers. Cabs pi) between the wharves and the town, some two miles distant. Beyond the town rises a bold range of hills, of which Castle Hill is the highest, and from its summit a magnificent panoramic view of Townsville, its harbour, the bay and Magnetic Island may be obtained. The town itself is well laid-out with wide and clean streets. The main street, which is about a mile in length, is faced by imposing shops, banks, shipping agencies, etc. ; the general appearance of the town being dis- tinctly prosperous. At the end of the main street and facing the Bay stands a large hotel, where the comforts of visitors are well catered for. 'Busses run to different portions of the town at frequent and convenient intervals. Townsville does not possess many great attractions for tourists beyond a drive to the "Tea Gardens" situated some little distance out of town. The principal industry is gold mining. Two hours' journey from Townsville stands the important mining town of Charters Towers, which has become famous on account of the phenomenal gold discoveries made during the few years of its existence. After a pleasant stay of some hours we embark once more and steam for our next port of call, Port Moresby. About two days after leaving Townsville v&e caught the first glimpse of the rugged coast of New Guinea, lying as a dim blue streak on the horizon. As we drew nearer, the white PORT MORESBY. houses could be discerned showing plainly against the dark edges of a bald ridge. Making a bold sweep round this ridge we steamed slowlv into the harbour and finally came to our moorings at a small wharf, which was crowded with natives, vs'ho looked extremely picturesque with their long hair and quaint markings on their copper-coloured skins. Port Moresby is pleasantly situated on the eastern coast of New Guinea. The harbour is of crescent shape and the town, if such it might be called, is built on the north-eastern portiqn of it, on the slopes of a hill sparsely covered with low trees. The dwellings are -constructed mainly of concrete, wood, and gal- vanised iron, and with very few exceptions are erected on piles to ensure coolness. The streets are in a very primitive condition and walking be- 53 comes very tiresome. Looking westward across the harbour one percei\es a native village built right upon the water which, with its back- ground of waving cocoanut palms and the brilliant colour of sky and water, produces a most striking picture. The village is reached by boat, although there is also a road running round the harbour connecting the town with the village, being the chief point of interest to visitors. The natives appear to be a fine race and 'are evidently fond of fre- quent bathing. It was very amusing to see the young Papuans, of all sizes, swimming round the steamer and diving for any silver money which might be thrown to them. They are perfectly at home in the water and never fail to secure the coveted coin. The Wharf.— Native Village.— The 5.s van Waerwijck" coming into Port. Prominent among the buildings of the "Port" are those forming the official quarters of His Excellenc) the Lieutenant-Governor. At the time of writing the Honorable Stanisforth Smith was Acting-Governor and had just returned from an exploration trip into the interior. As no news came to hand for many weeks, grave fears were entertained for the safety of the party. Fortunately, howe^ er, the explorers returned safely after accomplishing a long and hazardous journe\ . The climate of New Guinea is healthy although hot, but the south- east trade winds, which blo« for eight months in the year, temper the heat considerably and make existence bearable. The future of Port 54 Moresby seems assured as the efforts of various trading companies to promote business relations with Java and Aus*tralia, have met with the most gratifying results, and the action of the Royal Packet Company in making the Port a regular place of call has considerably augmented the commerce between these countries. Having spent a few enjoyable hours at this port our vessel steers in a westerly direction for Thursda} Island, the northermost part of Australia. Steaming almost due west through a network of small islands, extremely picturesque in their setting of a brilliant turquoise blue ocean, we arrive at Thursday Island. Hardly a ripple THURSDAY stirred the surface of the water, and one might ISLAND. have easily imagined our navigating a great calm lake. Numerous pearling lug^rs lay ^t anchor in the bay, the dark figures of the native crews clearly outlined against the white vessels. A wharf of great length connects with the shore, at the extreme end of which stands the post and telegraph office. The town is not very large and all buildings are constructed of wood and galvanised iron. The streets are wide, fairly well kept and in some cases lined with cocoa- nut trees. All the principal commercial houses have ofBces fronting the beach, some little distance south of the Post Office. The town possesses several hotels and one Bank. Thursday Island is the centre of the great pearling industry and many valuable pearls have been found here. The boats used (luggers as they are called) are staunch little vessels and frequently have accomplished S.S voyages from Sydney to Dobo, in the Aroe Islands. They are manned usually by natives under the command of a vi'hite man, the majority of the di\-ers being Japanese. I'he pearler's lot is an arduous one, the work is hard and the frequent storms often occasion loss of life. The pearl fishing season lasts for about eight months of the year, the remaining months being devoted to refitting and repairing the luggers. The town is connected with Brisbane by a telegraph line and the Royal Packet Steam Na\igation Compan}- and other steamers trading between Australia and the East make periodical calls at this port. The climate, although hot, is very healthy, and the sportsman \\ ill find game plentiful, while excellent fishing may also be enjoyed. Messrs. Bowden Bros. & Co., Ltd., are the agents for the Royal Packet S.N. Co., and are ever ready to attend to the wishes of passengers. Among the leading business houses may be mentioned Messrs. Hodels Limited, carrying on extensive operations as general merchants in Eastern and Australian produce. The Torres .Straits Fresh Food and Ice Co. are established here, their specialty being indicated by the name under which thev trade. Bidding Australia a temporary farewell \ve take our departure for the Aroe (Aru) Islands and the village of Dobo, entering for the first time the Dutch Indies. Steaming slowly through a group of low, heavily- wooded islands we made our way into a narrow strait between the Aroe Islands and finally stopped alongside a cargo hulk which serves in lieu of DOBO. ^ wharf. All cargo is discharged into this hulk owned by the Celebes Trading Company. Communication with the shore is carried on by means of the ship's launch and motor boats pri^■ately owned. The arri\ al of a steamer is a great event in Dobo, and the small strip of gleaming white sand on the foreshore was crowded with the bronzed figures of natives, interspersed with a few Europeans. Here we obtained our first sight of the Aroe Islanders in their unique canoes hollowed out of the trunk of a tree. Using short paddles with great dexterity the>- came alongside and pro- ceeded to barter their produce, consisting mainly of fish, mats, feather ornaments, aigrettes, etc. At the beach ue landed at a roughh- constructed wharf and pro- ceeding through a primitiNe palisading, guarded by two peaceful looking native policemen, found ourselves in the main street of the township. A 56 favourable impression was created by the cleanliness of the streets which, although very narrow (about twenty feet in width), are kept spotlessly clean. They are made of firm, hard sand anil each occupier of a store or dwelling is obliged to sweep and keep clean half the width of the street. The houses are mainly two-storeyed, and, unlike Port Moresby, are built on the level ground, the upper portion being reserved for sleeping quarters. The population is very cosmopolitan. One notices Japanese women trip- Aru (or Aroe) Islands. ping to and fro in their quaint costumes, Aroe Islanders, Chinese, natives from Celebes and from all neighbouring isles. The principal industry is pearl fishing and during the months of May, June and July, when the luggers are compelled to cease work, owing to the discolouration of the water, the tow n is crowded and presents a very gay spectacle. Beche de meriishing is also cultivated, and during our visit to the town we noticed large quantities of these sea slugs being classed and sun-dried in the open streets. One striking feature of Dobo is the entire absence of white women, and during our progress through the town, the ladies of our party were objects of great interest. Entering, a shop to purchase curios, we found that the doors and windows were soon occupied with natives of all sizes and colours eager to obtain a closer view of us. The weather although hot was rendered rather pleasant by the cool trade winds. Re- turning to the ship we encountered a party of natives bearing on their heads large copper gongs. These gongs represented part of the wealth of a native chief, who, upon State occasions, is forcibly reminded of his wealth by -the din caused by his sub- 'jects vigourously beating the gongs. One must ad- mit that, although not "beautiful, Dobo is pictur- esque. The white houses show prettily against the tall, graceful palms, and J"ocal colour is supplied by the natives in their quaint canoes. Good shooting is "to be had on the island, ^pigeons, ducks, deer, and also the beautiful bird of paradise being plentiful, g On lea^•ing Dobo we enter the last stage of our voyage to Java, as in four or fixe days we will reach Sourabaya, the principal commercial port of the Island. In a lew more days we shall leave our steamer, and this might be a fitting opportunity of taking a final glance at the good ship, "van Lin- schoten," which h^s carried us safely over the "deep blue sea." The two steamers, "xan Linschoten" and the "van Waerwyck," are sister ships, iron vessels of over 3500 tons and have both been des'ignedi with every regard to safety and comfort. The cabins are bright and' air\- and have large w indows instead of port holes. Electric lights and,; fans are fitted in each state room and throughout the ship. Hotmid cold >8 Afternoon Tea on Board a K.P.M. Liner. sea baths and fresh water showers are a welcome addition to the creature comforts of passengers. The dining saloon is situated immediatelj' below the bridge, on the same level as the cabins, the promenade deck and the cosy smoking and music room, further aft. . The menu on board is exceptionally good and, together with the nicelv iced refreshments of every kind, forms one of the features on board a K.P.M. liner. The attendants (jonges or spada) are Malay boys and must be praised on account of their smart appearance and polite, quiet behaviour. It is advisable to rise at 6 a.m., and after an en- joyable bath (mandi) par- take of tea or coffee, which is brought by your cabin boy (Kamar jonges). Dress lightly, and spend the early morning on deck, being the best part of the day. Breakfast is .served from 8 to g o'clock, and at 1 1 a.m. tasty ices are handed round, which are always much appreciated; at 12.30 luncheon (tiffin) is an- nounced. After a pleasant repast the usual practice is "to retire for a siesta till 4 p.m., when tea is taken round, both on deck and to j'our cabin. The time be- foore dinner is usually filled in by games, and, in this respect it will be ad- mitted, a large variety is kept handy for selection. About 6.30 the dressing bell is heard; a second warning is given at 7, and dinner is announced. The route being almost all the way across a calm sea, this function is attended by the whole of the passengers and brings to a close an all too short day. Although only three years on the Australian "run" the captains and officers have won golden opinions for their uniform kindness and courtesy to passengers, who always say a reluctant "farewell" on the completion of a journey with a distinctive character of its own. 59 Tiffin Bell. The K.P.M. are building, at the time of writing, two up-to-date steamers of 6000 tons, replete with the latest improvements, to meet the increasing demand for passenger accommodation, the "new tourist route" to London via Java becoming more fashionable every year. '1 Jiese steamers will carry a doctor and have installed a barber's shop, a laundry, etc., etc. After an enjoyable trip of about five days we enter the well-sheltered "roads" of Sourabaya. Sourabaya, the metropolis of the east coaist of Java, situated on the banks of the Kali Mas (Golden River), and possessing an excellent road- stead protected from all winds, may justly be SOURABAYA. described as the commercial capital of the Netherlands Indies. Originally said to be founded by Raden Rachmat in the fourteenth centurv, the quarter in which he settled, Amp6I, is still in existence, and from this modest beginning has sprung up the present prosperous city. The advance of the town has been remarkably rapid and sound, the population since 1850 having increased from 60,000 to i6o,ooO. The roadstead, dotted with great steamers with their fleets of attendant lighters, each a hive of bustle and activity, and the multitude of strange crafts that swarm its water, gives the visitor the impression of the extensive trade of this busy port. From the bridge of our comfortable K.P.M. steamer an excellent view of the harbour is obtained ; looking south the mouth of the river is observed on a flat, somewhat uninteresting coastline, and awav in the distance tower the lofty Tengger Mountains and the Ardjoeno, their brows clothed in a mantle of white, fleecy clouds. On a clear day the highest volcano in the island — the Smerofe (12,000 feet)— can be seen. Owing to its sheltered position, very little of the city is visible from the "Roads." Passengers are conveyed to the shore by steam launches or per tambangan, a native craft with enormous sails and a crew of three or four men. Crossing the placid waters of the bay \\e enter the canal or river, which here shows signs of vigorous maritime activity. Hundreds of crafts move slowly up and down. The canal seems alive with vessels of every kind, and it looks impossible to proceed, but, by means of constant footings of the iiren and the incessant strange shouts of the boatmen, we glide slowly past the stern of a large lighter, barelv avoiding another, and finally "make fast" to a white stone pier on the eastern bank of the canal, known as the "Oedjong," where the Customs House stands. Here courteous officials quickly go through the necessary formalities, and, issuing f»-om the portals of the 60 Customs House, we find ourselves in the main road leading to the city. On our left is a small, shady 'park wherein stands a tall, white structure, the Wilhelmina Tower. A broad tree-lined street stretches away south along the canal and is traversed by a steam tram connecting with the city. Shortly after leaving the "Point," the extensive buildings of the Naval Dockyard are noticed on the left, and a visit should be made to this busy centre ; the works cover a con- siderable area and give employment to some 2500 people. The floating Sketch Plan of the Harbour Improvements, Sourabaya. docks, two in number, one accommodating vessels up to 5000 tons and the other 1400 tons, are in continual use ; huge cranes are employed lifting burdens up to 60 tons. Everywhere crowds of busy workers and great workshops replete with modern machinery meet the eye, whilst the air is filled with a confusion of sounds. Regaining the main road running past large godowns and some rather dilapidated dwellings fronting the canal for a considerable distance, 61 one turns away to the left, passing the disused picturesque old fortress, "Prins Hendrik," half hidden in beautiful foliage. The road, continuing straight along the canal, passes into the Kampong Baroe where many Chinese storehouses and their offices are situated. The street is thronged with coolies busily engaged loading and unloading cargoes from a multitude of "prauws" or lighters, lining the.banks of the canal. After passing the fortress one turns to the right into a fine, shady avenue of tamarind trees, which leads to the crowded Chinese quarter. Here hundreds of Javanese, Chinese, Arabs, etc., throng the narrow streets, making progress difficult. Small carts with enormous wheels and quaint roofs, drawn by patient buffaloes, contrast strangely with the up-to-date motor car and innumerable sados, carriages and cycles, intermingling with pedestrians, surge past amid the chatter of the natives whose shrill whistles and clang of their warning gongs is often deafening. Reaching a small square on an- other branch of the river, a broad road branches off to the r i g h t — the Kem- pang Djepoon — and connects with the Red Bridge over the main stream. Kali Mas. Here the ri\er is much wider but still almost en- tirely blocked with lighters and prauws. The left bank is called the Willem's Quay. The district between the two rivers is practically the commercial centre of the city, and in the vicinity all the banks and principal European business 'houses are situated. Near this bridge are the offices of the Resident, the Assistant-Resident and those of \arious police ofTicials. Crossing the bridge past the Government Bonded Warehouses the building of the Shipsagency and the IC.P.INl. are obserx'ed on the left. Here the road lea^•es the river running south.||; past numerous shops, the handsome building of the Concordia Club, etc. A little further on the public gardens attract attention where every Sunday a first-class band discourses excejlent music. The main thoroughfare, Passar Besar, is lined with fine buildings, while here and there open spaces and shady trees with their vivid tints affording an „! ' agreeable contrast to the heat and bustle of the business quarter. Cross- ^il > 62 Bridge Over Kali Mas. ing the railway near the Court of Justice and continuing southward the famous Restaurant Hellendoorn, the favorite rendez\'ous of the eHte of Sourabaya, is noticed. At this point the main street branches off and continues through the European residential quarters of Toend- joengan, Genteng and Simpang ; the one to the right leads to a small park where a monument is erected to Von Bultsingslowen, of Atchin fame, the park also bearing his name. The leading hotels situated in this, the Upper Town, as it is called, are first-class, particularly the Oranje Phut,,:^ K,i^l.,lj,„n. Passar Besar, Sourabaya, Hotel which offers every convenience for the comfort and pleasure of their guests. Sourabaya is connected with Batavia by rail and possesses two main stations — Sourabaya-Goebeng in the Upper Town, and Sourabaya- Kotta in the Lower, where tourists generally alight. The railway some distance south of Goebeng Station forms a rough circle round the business quarter and connects on either side of the I"Cali Mas and the ^3 qU A V -A S '~L> ! iV; vfffl)^ u^^'- •US!....... \ K If © II A I^ (D C E A P 64 MAP OF EAST JAVA. 65 wharves, whilst a steam tram runs from the Oedjong through the centre of the town to the southern suburbs. The Brantas River flows through the town, and near the Genteng Bridge divides into two streams, the Kali Mas and Kali Pigirian, each arm discharging its waters into the sea, north of the city. Just above the bridge is a fine sluice with lock for shipping, an excellent piece of engineering work, with series of vertical bearfts to regulate the supply of water. The roads in Sourabaya are very well made and kept in excellent order, being mainly macadamised and then coated with asphalt, well watered, and lighted with the electric light. In the crowded business quarter narrow streets seem the rule, but the main roads are all con- siderably wider and generally shaded by avenues of old trees in all the residential suburbs. In the evenings some very nice drives may be taken. The climate, though hot, is by no means unhealthy, and the water sup- ply, drawn from the Kasri Springs on the distant slopes of the Ardjoens in large mains, is un- equalled in Java. ' This huge under- taking was completed in October, 1903, by skilful engineers, after over- coming many difficulties, chief of which were the numerous rivers to be negotiated. A clever plan was adopted of utilising the railway bridges for suspending the pipes under the girders to prevent undue vibration. The total cost of the whole work was f3,ooo,o(3o, and since the inception of this water system the dreaded scourge, cholera, which formerly claimed so many victims, has entirely disappeared. Furthermore, owing to the strict sanitary regulations enforced, both in European and native quarters, the public health has greatly improved. In the fine suburb, Simpang, beautiful shady streets abound, and, following the Simpang road, the Residency House, with its fine, large grounds, forms a landmark, whilst on the right a beautiful little park (Kroesen), where, under the heaxy foliage, flowers bloom in abundance, makes a pleasant picture. Within its confines is a collection of images 66 River Scene, Sourabaya. where the natives still make offerings to the chief idol, an image of Buddha called Djegedellek ; these offerings generally consist of lotus flowers laid at the feet of the Buddha. At the junction of three roads stands the palatial Simpang Club, the centre of the social life of the city, in well-kept grounds. The building, lighted throughout with electricity, possesses large, airy reading, writing, billiard rooms, etc., and every convenience installed for the comfort of its members. Twice a week a fine band performs in the garden. Some little distance further is the Simpang Park and the Military Hospital; the park, covering an area of about fifteen acres, is nicely laid-out with ornamental beds of tropical shrubs and flowers ; shady walks traverse the grounds, bordered by grassy lawns; great spreading trees cast a grateful shade over all, a pretty river forming one of its boundaries adds the gentle mur- muring of its voice to the quiet beauty of the scene. Before reaching the Goebeng Bridge and turning into Rajoen, one obtains some fine views of the distant ranges and the placid sur- face of the winding river (Brantas), which here and there is studded with beautiful lilies ; stately bungalows face the water, and occasionally an out- rigger sweeps past, the rhythmical click of the oars falling pleasantly on the ear. This quarter is considered the healthiest portion of the city, and many fine modern -S^illas line the cool, pleasant Photo: Kurkii^ia A Native Earber. roads generally bordered by great trees forming shadowy forest aisles. Across the river to the east lies the small suburb of Goebeng where the Upper Town Railway Station is situated on the main line from Batavia. The Kepoetran Road takes us back towards the city, past the Telephone Exchange, and here we branch off westwards along a fine thoroughfare, the Embong Malang, and pay a visit to the native quarter of Boeboetan by taking the Blaoeran Road, turning off the Embong Malang to the right. The village and the native industries established here are most interesting. On the Embong Malang some old Chinese cemeteries are observed, and also numerous modern dwellings. Pro- ceeding northward we issue upon the Passar Besar which leads us along its course to the railway crossing where a turn to the right, past the large artillery barracks, the Protestant Church and an old fortress, brings 67 us, with another turn to the right, into Soeloeng Road; crossing the Djagalan Bridge and proceeding along the road of the same name east- wards, the Kali Pegivian is crossed near a busy native market. Along the eastern bank of the river, past the lovely residence of the "Captain of the Chinese" and the Ngemplak Hospital, a fine view is obtained of the Goebeng sluices, the bridge and the lovely reaches of the river. Again crossing the river at the Kelabang Bridge, with one turn to the left, we issue upon the beautiful Simpang q-uarter near the Simpang Hotel. The Kembang Djepong, before meHtioned, with its scores of busy shops crowded with purchasers, is worthy of more than a casual glance, and here the visitor can obtain curios of all kinds in the various Chinese, Bombay and Japanese shops. Close to the Red Bridge is the Passar Glas (or Dark Market) where a heterogeneous collection of articles is displayed for sale in numerous small stalls kept principally by Javanese ; coming and going in seemingly end- less numbers are the gaily-a 1 1 i r e d native s, and the scene is both novel and i n t e r e s ting. From early in the morning until late at night this quaint throng may be seen chattering, laugh- ing and attending to their different occu- pations — a busy hive of practically all Eastern races. The bargaining is all conducted in good- humoured style ; although generally exorbitant prices are asked, the salesman is not a whit abashed when a sale is effected at about one quarter of the original figure quoted. Just before the Tjantran Bridge one should turn to the left and visit the oldest portion of the town, the Ampel quarter, where a large Moham- medan mosque and the tombs of Redan Rc^,chniat (supposed to he the original founder of the city) and his family arfe built. Permission to view the tombs and mosque is obtained from a native priest who lives in the vicinity. Turning into Prins Hendrikstraat and going south, we observe another large market, the Passar Pabejan, the main entrance of which is in the next street on the right, which is also worth a \isit. 68 A Market Scene, Ohipese Quarters, Sourabaya, 69 From Sourabaya excursions can be made to thi: Isle of Madura, to Grissee and to the beautiful health resort, Tosari. The first-mentioned place can be reached per steamer from the Kali Mas Station near the fortress, Prins Hendrik, at the moderate fare of 60 cents (is.). Grissee mav be reached by steamship, tram or motor car, but the steamer is recommended, owing to the beautiful scenery en route. An interesting Mohammedan tomb is situated at Grissee where the first Islam priest in Java is buried. About four miles from here, at Giri, is another tomb and a mosque where a sacred kriss, called Soroo Angoon Angoon, is kept. The means of transit about Sourabaya and suburbs are up-to-date and inexpensive. In addition to the railways and trams comfortable two-horsed carriages (kosongs), motor cars and the inevitable "sado" can be procured, and, as the streets, both in the city and suburbs, are kept in excellent condition, motoring is the order of the day. The traffic is regulated by native policemen, the uniform consisting of dark blue serge with yellow facings, and in most instaryres they are armed with a short sword or baton. All heavy merchandise is transported by coolies or drawn in small carts by ponies or miniature bullocks (sapis). Sourabaya is the centre of the great sugar industry, and during the months \^hen the sugar is being shipped the scenes on the canal and roadstead are exceptionally interesting. The cfanal is at this time packed with lighters and prauws along its entire course, and feverish activitv is displayed everywhere ; half nude coolies stagger to and from the boats with their sweet burden, strange shouts and whistles rend the air, and on the water and along the quays the bustle prevailing is astounding. Sport in Sourabaya consists of football, lawn tennis, cricket, golf and rowing, each game being popular, but, in spite of the heat, football is easily first; the British Association game finds most favor, and a football league established here, offers each season a competition for first and second grade players. The golf links are about four miles from the town at Goenoeng Sarie on nice undulating country, and an annual match for the Inter-Port Golf Shield has been instituted. On the Brantas River fine stretches of calm water are available for rowing, and a regatta held here was so successful that the club ha's decided to make it an annual e\ent. THE SUGAR INDUSTRY. The cultivation of sugar was already in existence before the estab- lishment of the old East India Company in Java. This Company regulated all economic questions at its own discretion, limiting the output of the \arious mills, which in 1710 numbered 130 to 300 piculs for each factory. This measure reduced the existing number of mills to 65, when the company decreed that the number should be 70. In this arbitrary way the company controlled the production for a number of years, and in 1777 a delivery of 64,000 piculs was enforced, increasing each year until in 1808, 95,000 piculs was demanded. These restrictions had a depressing effect on the industry, and upon the liquidation of the com- pany the Government assumed control, abolishing these measures. A new system was introduced by which the natives were compelled to cultivate certain areas and to sell the yield to Go\'ernment at fixed prices. This mode proved unsatisfactory. The industry underwent numerous trials under a variety of conditions, none of which had the desired effect. Sugarcane Transport, Sourabaya. In 1892 the last traces of the old ctiltivation system had dis- appeared, and, private enterprise being encouraged, a gradual improve- ment in the cultivation and working methods was the result. Troubles again, however, menaced the industry, the selling price of sugar falling (causing heavy losses) and the appearance of the sereh disease in the cane. This disease spread rapidly and almost para- lysed the industry. The Government, instead of fostering the industry, regarded it with disfavour and it was only after long delay that the heavy excise duty on land was abolished. An experimental station which had started at Pasoeroean was refused a subsidy three times by the 71 Government, while little attention was paid to the reduction of freights on the State railways. Finally the proper remedy to combat the sereh disease was discovered by Dr. Soltwedel, i.e., the selection and granting of cuttings of canes from the mountain districts. Dr. Soltwedel was also the first to show the possibility of sexual propagation of the cane. It is solely due to the unaided efforts of the planters themselves that the sugar industry in Java of to-day is an extremely profitable business. We append the Grand Totals ot the output of sugar of the various districts compiled to January, 191 1 : — District. Crop, igo8. Crop, 1909. Crop, 1910. Cherlbon . P. 1343308 . . P. 1456222 . P. I 395581 Tegal ., 1071387 . ■ ,, 114897s n 1153961 Pekalongan . . J 1 ■ 855759 ■ • M 834477 M 765841 3^69454 . • .. 3439674 ■ 3315383 Samarang J ) 453385 (Japara) J } 1570753 • • M I524S57 • 1 y 1045907 Soerakarta . . M 1488130 . ■ M 1394041 • )> 1488849 Djocdjakarta >» 171 1487 . ■ .. I5II325 • ) 5 1690074 Banjoemas . . ) > 558699 • • n 509867 . J » 531867 Kedoe (Bagelen) ) 7 1 ) 153475 • • .. 149722 . 1 y 1 J 220051 5482544 ■ ,, 5089812 5430133 Sourabaya 4031850 . ,, 4030450 . 4286467 Kedirie ' T 2434855 • " 2484579 . f> 2552870 Madioen ,' 733604 . 740846 . ■ ,, 705607 Pasoeroean . . ■■ ,, 2688227 ■ ,, 2607434 • J > 2950843 Besoekie y ) 970572 . ,, '946310 . » 1 1013898 I 0859 I 08 ,, I0869619 . 1 1 i;oq68^ Grand Total, Crop, 190S, P. 19611106; Crop, 1909, P. 19399105; Crop, 1910, P. 20255201. One Picul = 136 lbs. English. 72 Hotels: Oratije, Embong Malang, Genteng Ketabang, des Indes, Sarkies, Simpang, Pension Slier. Chemists : Vriendschap, Rathkamp, de Salamander. Jewellers: van Arken & Co., Wolf, Mager. Livery Stables : Fuchs. Outfitters : Henderson, Prottel. Curios : Inagaki. .Dentist : Dr. Koch. Cigars, etc. : Dobbelmann. Pianos : Naessens & Co. Delicacies : Slmpangsche Bazaar. Libraries : Nijland, Fiihri. Having inspected Sourabaya we now propose to take the reader to Batavia, being th« capital, the seat of the Governor-General and the Government, and visit the principal places of interest on our journey through the Island. Bas Kelief, Boro Boedoer. 73 >-r ^:9^, 74 Arriving at the narrow entrance to the Port of Batavia, Tandjong Priok, the steamer moves slowly through, and in a few minutes enters the inner harbour, where an animated scene is gyfl^'y^\/J^_ presented to our eager eyes. A calm sheet of water, two-thirds of a mile long and about 600 feet wide, is dotted with shipping of e\-ery description, the unwieldy- looking lighters pushed slowly alongside by natives with long bamboo poles, contrasting strangely with the trim little steam launches fussing here and there. Long white stone wharves and huge sheds form the eastern and western boundary, and here great steamers are busily en- gaged loading and discharging cargo into the large warehouses forming part of the wharves. A constant stream of strangely attired Javanese coolies drawing trucks, handle the cargo, etc. , passing to and fro, and their quaint cries mingled with the clanking of numerous steam winches and the shrill blasts of the sirens form a fitting accompaniment to the din and bustle of the scene. Proceeding safely to our wharf, the gangway is lowered and runners from the different hotels clamber on board. En- trusting our luggage to the "iVIandoer" (Hotel Porter), who will see that it is taken to the Custom House — a short distance — and then to our hotel, we walk along the wharf and, turning to the right, to the railway station, just opposite the exit of the former. Here we take train to Batavia, fifteen minutes' journey, and arrive at the JBatavia sta- tion. The first impressions of Batavia are, perhaps, a little unfavourable. One drives past old-fashioned, .gloomy buildings lining narrow streets, teeming with natives, Arabs and Chinese, the latter element being much in evidence. The sidewalks are thronged with but sparsely clad Chinamen industriously following their various occupations. Batavia is divided into two parts, the upper town (Weltevreden), and the lower town, called Old Batavia. History tells us that originally a native city, Jacatra, existed here, and that in the year 1618 Governor Jan Pietersz Coen established and occupied a garrison with a limited number of soldiers. Troubles soon arose with the Jacatrans, and Governor Coen, building a fortress, decided to return to the Moluccas for reinforcements. In his absence the commander was captured, fever and privations so weakened the garrison, that their position became very critical. How- ever, a Captain Raay, in order to cheer the survivors, gave a feast, and during the ceremonies the town Was christened Batavia. Upon Governor Coen's return, the town was seized and razed to the ground, and upon the old site, the present town of Batavia was built. Ten years later a thriving commercial town had grown up, but, owing to its extremely unhealthy position, it earned for itself the unenA'iable name of "The White Man's Grave." Huge swamps surrounded the township, and thousands of people died from malaria and other kinds of fever. In consequence 75 Chs. vail Ks-s (I- Co., Batiii>ia. The Pish Market— The Holy Cannon,— Fruit Sellers.— A "Bamboo" Orchestra. A Play. 76 of these adverse conditions, it was not until "the vear 1808, during the Governorship of General Daendels, that a ne« city was established on the higher ground, about t« o miles distant, now known as Weltevreden, which has become the residential part of Bata\ia. Both towns are traversed by an elaborate system of canals running from south to north, the water for which is obtained from the River Tjiliwoeng, originating in the mountains above Buitenzorg, some forty miles inland. These canals are built through, the whole city, and finally discharge their waters into the ocean north of Batavia. The banks are well constructed, mostly of stone work, and at frequent intervals bridges span the stream ; steps conveniently arranged allo^s easy access to the water, and here hundreds of natives may be seen washing clothes, bathing and fishing. The colour of the water does not invite one to emulate them, and the visitor will rest content with the facilities provided by the leading hotels. Batavia has two railway stations, one be- longing to the Government or "Staats- spoor," and the other to the Nederland Indische Spoor (N.I.S.), within a short dis- tance of one another. From the Govern- ment station a line runs directly to the pretty suburb Meester Cornells, and another round Chinatown to Tanah Abang, then turning due east, connects with the line to- Meester Cornells at Struiswyk, thus com- pletety encircling the town and the outlying suburbs. From the N.I.S. station a line running due south almost divides the circle, and after passing through ■ the city, con- tinues on to Buitenzorg, a short line branching off to Meester Cornells. Steam and electric trams also run between the old and new towns, the former via Molenvliet, and Rijswijk to Meester Cornells, and the latter running parallel to the State line, towards Meester Cornells, for a considerable distance, turning abruptly westward, crosses the Tiljiwoeng near the Zoological Gardens, to Tanah Ahbang, and then north to the terminus opposite the "Harmonie Club." The fares are very moderate on both systems ; three classes of carriages are used, one being reserved for natives, or "inlanders," as they are called. Chinese Qiiarters, Batavia, Old Batavia is the main business portion of the city, and here, front- ing the Kali Besar on both sides, are the leading commercial houses. The pripxipal points of interest to the visitor are: The Stadhuis (Town Hall), containing the offices of the Resident, Assistant-Resident, and other 77 Government officials, situated on two sides of a small square, and the Courts of Justice. Further north, a relic of Old Batavia stands the Penang Gate, in the vicinity of which the holy cannon, about fifteen feet long, will prove an object of much interest, being held in great veneration by the native women, who often burn incense there for the purpose of securing its blessing for generations still unborn. Continuing onward, some old buildings from the time of the "Dutch East India Company" are passed, and we arrive at the old "Stadsherberg" (the Town Tavern), opposite which is situated the fish market. Close by is a big mosque and the tomb of a famous "hadji," to enter which one must remove one's shoes. Retracing our steps to the terminus of the steam tram, and turning to the right, a short street connects with the Kali Besar, running along both sides of the canal, which is faced by large commercial houses, banks, shipping agencies, etc. These buildings were, some 300 years ago, occupied by Dutch patricians, but have long since been transformed into offices and stores. After nightfall Batavia is cjeserted by the white popu- lation, who reside at Weltevreden, or in the suburbs, to which extensive additions have been made quite recently (1911). Regaining the main street, we proceed towards Weltevreden and pass the Glodok bridge. If desiring a visit to the Chinese commercial quarter, we turn to the right, and soon the visitor finds himself transported into a typical Chin- ese town. Narrow winding canals, a labyrinth of streets and lanes radi- ate in all directions, while thousands of Chinamen pass ito and fro. Some 20,000 Chinese inhabit this quarter, and the houses with their quaintly arched ridge cornices give a distinctly Oriental appearance to the quarter. Returning to Molenvliet, we perceive, across the canal, the large prison, and leaving Batavia with its heat and dust behind us, approach the beautiful residential quarter of Weltevreden. On the right stand the offices of the Govennment Mines Department, and a short distance further on, \\here a road branches off to Taftgerang, the Department of Public Works and the head office of the Railway Department. On both sides of the canal are well-kept bungalows 'n spacious grounds, the white walls blending harmonioush with the wealth of green foliage surrounding each residence. Strolling onward, the Hotel Des Indes is observed on the right, and immediately opposite across the canal, another hotel. Here, Molenvliet terminates and the canal turns away to the east. Crossing a small bridge we follow the canal and the fine tree-lined boulevard "Noordwyk;" the street on the opposite side is the "Rijswijk." The continuation of Molenvliet runs through, what is known as, the French quarter, and fronting both stands the "Harmonie," one of the principal European Qlubs. These three streets are lined with large up-to-date shops, which would be an ornament to any city. The streets, kept in excellent order, are wide, and along the canal, great a\enues of trees throw a welcome shade on the thorough- fares. On Noordwyk are situated the principal cafes, and the scene at night is exceptionally brilliant. These cafes, with their hundreds of small tables extending right to the footpath, are thronged with Batavia's elite, bands discourse excellent music, well-appointed carriages with 79 fashionably attired folk dash past, scores of electric lights gleam softly in the leafy canopy, and the visitor might well*be pardoned lor imagining himself on a popular boulevard in Paris. On Rijswijk is situated the palace of the Governor-General, two large hotels, the Hotel der Nederlandeij, and Grand Hotel Java ; likewise the Official Tourist Bureau. Along Noordyk and across the railway line on the left are the extensive offices of the Royal Packet Steam Navigation Company, and on the right Wilhelmina Park, abounding in lovely shady nooks. At the entrance to the park is the Achin Monument, and a short distance ihto the park, brings one to the picturesque old citadel of Prins Hendrik. Cross- ing a small bridge, and turning to the right, a beautiful shady avenue of lofty trees is traversed, and in a few minutes we reach Waterloo Plain, an open green surrounded by fine, old trees. In the centre of this great square stands a column, about loo feet high, sur- mounted by a lion, commemorating the Battle of Waterloo. Handsome buildings front the park on all sides, the most important being the fine High Courts of Justice, the Palace built by Governor Daendels, the fine Roman Catholic Church, with delicate spires towering far overhead, the Military Barracks, and the beautiful Military Club, "Concordia," with its splendid gardens. Following Hospital Road south, we pass the Palace of the Commander-in-Chiel, Government store houses, officers' quarters, Military Hospital, and the School for Native Doctors. Reaching the canal, we turn to right, and, crossing the River Tjiliwoeng near the Eng- lish Church, and the Observatory, another turn to the right brings us to the residence of the Resident fronting the "Koningsplein." This plain is about half a mile square, fringed with tall leafy tamarind trees, and within its confines are the training stables and racecourse of the local Turf Club, and the English and Dutch tennis grounds. Splendid roads border the plain on all sides, and thi^ being the chief residjential quarter of the cit\ , line villas are observable in all directions. On the northern side, another view is obtained of the Governor-General's Palace, which is onlv used on official occasions by His Excellency, his residence being at Buitenzorg, some forty miles inland. On the western side are situated the various Con- sulates, the Library of Arts and Sciences, and-the Museum. Here many pleasant hours may be spent in viewing the wonderful collection of Jav- anese antiquities and art works. Interesting models of native houses and -kampongs are exhibited, and the walls are lined with grotesque masks, strange weapons, and models of canoes. In tall glass cases are wondrous specimens of old metal work, ornaments, costumes, textiles, weapons, coins, and other articles too numerous to mention. In front of the building stands a bronze elephant, presented by the King of Siam. On the southern side anc find the Armenian Church, the Roval Natural 80 Historical Society, and the Resident's official quarters. Continuing northwards on the western boundary stands the handsome Willems Kirk and numerous bungalows, and on the left the railway station "Weltevreden." Crossing the railway line and bearing to the left along the northern side of the Plain we pass a small bridge, and turning to the right, through the French quarter, issue on to Molenvliet, near the "Harmonic." At the Harmonic Club every Sunday, from 6.30 to 8.30 p.m., an excellent musical programme may be enjoyed, whilst at the "Concordia" Club on Wednesdays, from 6 to 8 p.m., and on Satur- days from 9 till 12 p.m. the exceptionally fine Military Band entertains the members and their friends. Both clubs are well appointed, and pos- sess fine billiard rooms, libraries, large ballrooms, and spacious reading rooms. The "Concordia" has a membership of well over a thousand, jlior A Corner View of the K.P.M, Office. including ladies. Msitors can obtain admission to both clubs through their respective Consuls, or through a member of the Committee. The sights of the city are by no means exhausted, and a visit should be made to the Pasar Baru, chiefly inhabited by Chinese. Bombay, Japanese, and Chinese shops line the narrow roadways and here very beautiful and in- teresting articles are sold, but the purchaser will have to drive very hard bargains before obtaining them at a reasonable price. The streets are thronged with a' very cosmopolitan, good humored crowd, the universal white suit of the European relieved by the brilliant tints of the Javanese sarongs. Street vendors with their dubious looking wares are scattered here and there, and coolies, nude save for loose trousers rolled up to their thighs, swing past at their peculiar trot, laden with firewood, water and all kinds of burdens suspended on each end of a bamboo pole. Practic- ally everything portable is carried on the shoulders or backs of coolies, as tvith the exception of very small carts drawn by miniature ponies, heavy vehicles, such as lorries, are unknown in Java, and it is a common sight to see coolies transporting through the streets pianos, bedsteads^ and all the necessary impedimenta of a household. North of the Pasar Baru is a unique Chinese 'Jemple (Klenteng Sentrong), and in the neighbour- hood some interesting Chinese graveyards, wherein may be seen a number of Hindu images. Most enjoyable drives may be taken early in the morning or in the e\ening between the hours of five and seven o'clock, to avoid the heat of the day, which is rather trying to the newcomer. A favourite drive is to the charming suburb of Meester Cornelis with its hundreds of fine villas. Securing a comfortable "Mylord" (a rubber-tired Victoria drawn by two ponies), the visitor proceeds via the Noordwyk, and after passing W il- helminii Park and the small bridge, turns to the left along the canal, viewing en route the Post and Tele- graph Office, the offices of the East- ern Extension Tele- graph Company, and the large theatre. At the theatre, drixing to the right along the steam tram line, past officers- bungalows, the Public Library, and the Masonic Hall, anci southward past Waterloo Plain, xxith its impressive buildings, to the canal (Parapattan), cross the Seven Bridge, and issue upon an excellent road, splendidly shaded b>' an axenue of tall old trees. These magnifi- cent monarchs of the forest line the road on either side, and "their branches far-oxerhead interlace ; the rays of the getting sun, tint the sombre shades of green wilh streaks of burnished gold, and throw fantastic sha- dows upon the roadway. Here, as elsewhere, we gain the impression of dnvmg through one huge garden, the white classic villas with their gardens of beautiful stnmge blooms, deepening the impression. Meester Cornells is an important militam- centre, large barracks magazmes, Protestant Cluuvh, and schools being located here, the eleval tion of the suburb enhancing its popularity as a residential quarter, apart i'hnto: A\.-ftA.K,» van. iVaorwi/alf The Eoman Catholic Cathedral, Weltevreden. from the natural beauty of the surroundings. Retracing our steps, we cross the Tjiliwoeng, here a picturesque, win'ding stream, dotted with bamboo rafts, which the natives float down from the interior, and shortly striking the railway line to Buitenzorg, follow it northwards towards the city, passing the Zoological Gardens on the right. Strange to say, there are no animals kept, but the grounds abound in pretty shad}- spots, and a spacious pavilion erected here, is frequently the scene of gay enter- tainments, fancy dress balls, concerts, and other amusements. The festivities in connection with theCoronation of H.M. King George V. were held here on June 22, 1911, when the British community of Batavia gave a splendid ball to the Dutch residents, the animated picture presenting a most brilliant spectacle. Reaching Parapatan, we turn along Kebon Sirih, a fine, shady thoroughfare, flanked on either side b\ handsome villas, to Tanah Abang (European cemetery), and follow the electric tram line back to the "Harmonic." Public conveyances, besides the trams, as mentioned above, in Ba- tavia are limited to the Sado and Ebro. The former is a low, two-wheeled vehicle drawn by sturdy ponies, whilst the latter is a four-wheeler capable of seating 3 to 4 passengers, but neither are recommended for sight seeing. The water supply of the city is obtained from artesian wells, but in every hotel additional precautions are taken, and all drinking water sup- plied to visitors is first boiled, and then bottled ready for use. The hotels in Batavia are excellent, the tariff moderate, varying from to 8 guilders a day, and every convenience is installed for the comfort of \isitors. The bedrooms are large and airy, simply furnished, every room open- ing on to wide, spacious verandahs, lighted b_\ electricity, telephones con- nect with the main building, while capable Javanese servants attend to every want, and the cuisine leaves ncvthing to be desired, either in \'ariety or quality. All soiled linen is well and quickly washed by the hotel "menatoe" (washerman) at five cents an article, or, if required within a day, at ten cents. In the evening, along the canal, one will observe the men busily engaged immersing the clothes in the water and then thrashing them heavily on a small stool, or failing that, a convenient flat stone, and he will offer up a prayer that at least some small remnant wil) be returned to him. The canal is used by the Javanese for bathing and washing purposes, and hundreds of natives can be seen disporting in the rather muddy element, small boats laden with miscellaneous cargoes glide past, and the scene to the newcomer is both novel and interestmg. Batavia's population is of a very cosmopolitan character and num- bers, together with the suburbs, about 120,000 people. Many races are represented here, Chinese and Arabs predominating. The Chinese have inter-married freely with the natives, and the issue from such 83 unions regard Ja\a as their home, and, generally speaking, make good citizens. The dry season is from May to October, and during this period the temperature averages 80° F., and about 78° F. in the wet months, January and February. The climate, although warm, is considerably tempered by the pleasant breezes which spring up at night. The visitor will leave Batavia with a sense of regret, and a pro- found admiration for the Dutch, who, by their energy and industry, have, succeeded in building one of the finest cities of the world, upon the site of a once impenetrable jungle. Hotels : des Indes, Nederlanden, Grand of Java, Wisse, de France and Ort. Outfitters : Eigen Hulp, A. Savelkoul ; Firma van der \'een. Jewellers : van Arken & Co. Livery Stables : Fuchs. Chemists : Rathkamp & Co. Auctioneers: J. Pryce & Co. I\ Few Remarks Rbout the Bamboo f)at Industry. An enterprising Chinaman is credited with being the pioneer of the bamboo hat industi-y in Java. Settling at Tangerang, some 23 kilome- tres from Batavia, he commenced to manufacture hats by the method of twisting them out of bamboo strips. (Bamboo tali or Rope Bamboo.) Success attended his efforts, and with the aid of native workmen, he gradually extended his operations until he had built up a successful busi- ness. Competitors soon sprang up, and the industry from such a small beginning increased till at the present time over 60,C00 natives find em- ployment in connection with same. A ready market was found all over the Dutch Indies. The next step was further afield. A French- man, M. Petitjean, of Tangerang, in 1899 sent a collection of hats manu- factured at his establishment to the Paris Exhibition, which attracted great attention. The exhibit took the form (Si a Javanese "Kampong" (a native house), with an entire native famil\ engaged in making his now famous bamboo hats. As far back as 187b M. Petitjean started export- ing hats to all corners of the globe, chiefly to England, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, and Greece. His efforts to pjease the customers of all 84 nations were crowned with gratifying success since 1882, and of late years he has shipped large stocks to America and Australia, where his hats are much admired. The method of making the hats is most interesting to witness. The tools employed by the natives consist of a knife, a wooden board with a hole equal to size to the crown of a h'at in it, and a fial- headed nail. The bamboo is first of all cleaned, the outer covering is stripped off with the knife and the inner portion exposed to the dew at night and to the heat of the sun by day for a period of 48 hours. The next step consists of cutting the bamboo into pieces at every knot, and these pieces are split into blades 3 to 4 inches in width. These are again split, and only the hard portions retained, the centre, being too soft, is thrown away as useless. Many cuttings of the blades are made until the desired width for the tapes is attained, and then the material is handed to women and cliildpen, who weave the hats. The length of time re- quired to finish a hat varies from two days to as many months, accord- ing to the quality desired. The districts of Tangerang and Bantam supply most of the hats for export. Tangerang is only a few miles from Batavia, affording a most pleasant motor ride, the return journey occu- pying about H hours. 8S 48^ Buitenzorg may be termed as one of the show places of Java, and it is well-named "The Free from Care," nestling at the foot of the majestic volcanoes, Gedeh and Salak, at an altitude BUITENZORG. of only S50 feet. Although only one and a half hour's journey by rail from Batavia, the difference in climate is remarkable. On leaving the station the traveller is agreeably impressed by the handsome park which faces the railway. Ornamental shrubs, beds of multi-coloured flowers and fine, 86 old trees make a most pleasant setting and bid one a cheerful welcome to this beautiful world-famed resort. Turning into the main street (Palambang) the Hotel du Chemin de Fer comes in view. At right angles to the station a lovely avenue of trees leads tov/ards the town, and in a few minutes the main road is reached. On our left stretches the famous Botanical Garden, reputed to be the finest in the world, and to the right, clean white bunga- lows, with occasional stores, face the roadway. Five minutes more brings us to an open square, and, turning to the right, we enter the Hotel Belle Vue's grounds. Three or four days are necessary to exploit some of the more prominent beauty spots of Buitenzorg. 87 j;iM7i.l. snEi M,.,i,il,iiri. TlR. hi'ieli' .ih.Ki G, G%fi..i.-'n (AV'ii'i r'^W MAP OF BUITENZORG, SOEKABOEMI, 88 SINDANGLAYA AND TJIANDJOER. 89 Within the confines of the Botanical Gardens stands the palace of the Governor-. General, the large white building crowned with a cupola peeping gracefully through its green setting. Well laid out grounds surround the Palace extending into a fine park, wherein a large number of deer dis- port themselves on the vi\ idly green sward. Entering the Gardens by the main gate near the Chinese quarter, the visitor finds himself in thfe wonderful avenue of Kanari trees. The roadnay, some twenty feet in width, is lined on either side with these great forest monarchs, whose trunks are almost entirely hidden with climbing plants, which hang in graceful festoons eighty to ninety feet in the air, enlivened here and there by beautiful orchids, bird-nest ferns and staghorns. The branches, a hundred feet oxerhead interlace, forming a grand natural aisle through which the sun rays shine, softened and subdued. \\'alking onward, a small artificial lake comes into view w ith tiny islets, apparently floating upon Its calm waters which, on closer inspection, prove to be huge lotus flowers and Mctoria Regias. Rising from a small island is noticeable a group of curious looking palms, their crimson-stained stems contrasting strangely with the brilliant green of their leaves. In the background is \ isible the Palace of the Goxernor-General. .\ccess to the private grounds is provided by means of a small rustic bridge. Victoria Kegias. Bultenzorg Botanical Gardens. Many pleasant w alks radiate in all directions amidst thick groves of magnificent trees, palms, feathery bamboos and forest growths of every description. Here the visitor may wander along winding paths in soli- tude ; at ever}- turn he is attracted by strange novel plants and tropical fruits. Lovely blooms are espied high in the thick foliage, elegant bam- boos, silhouetted against the sky, delicate ferns, over- shadowed b\- graceful palms, and the gentle murmur of dis- tant rixulets comes fainth to the ear. A picturesque stream — t h e T j i 1 i w o e n g — flows through the gardens, its rock\' bed causing the water to break into miniature foaming cas- cades. Crossing the iron The Pond, Botiiuical Gardens, Buitenzorg. 90 bridge which spans the TjiHwoeng, a nursery garden is reached, and here a new Kanari avenue has been planted, which only requires the aid of years to become equal to the old one in grandeur and extent. 'J'he best time to view these gardens fs early in the morning, as rain frequently falls in the afternoon between the hours of two and five o'clock. The streets are wide and well kept, and many pleasant excur- sions can be made through the town and its environments. The bungalows are large and beautifully situated. A handsome club stands off the main road and a fine convent and large military hospital are prominent features. Near the liailway Station we find a native "Passar" or market, .where all kinds of edible fruit are displayed. The smiling Javanese in their gay raiment lend the necessary colour to the scene, and the visitor will find it quite interesting to pasis an hour or two strolling round the various stalls. An excellent bathing establishment is situated at Kota-Batoe, about half-an-hour's drive from the Hotel Belle \'ue, where for 15 cents a splendid bath can be enjoyed. After bathing, a short walk brings the visitor to Batoe Toelis, where a large stone bearing hieroglyphics of the Hindoo period is to be seen, and from where an excellent bird's-eye view of the fertile Tjidani Valley may be obtained. The principal modus vivendi to be secured for sight-seeing is a "Dos-a-dos" (abbreviated into Sado), a small two-wheeled vehicle drawn bv one or two sturdy little ponies, the charge for which is a modest shilling per hour (60 cents). Motor cars or carriages may be hired from the Hotel Belle \^ue or Hotel du Chemin de Fer, and naturally prove the more comfortable when viewing the country. An excellent road connects Buitenzorg with Batavia, some 40 miles distant, and offers one of the most pleasant and enjoyable "runs" of the neighbourhood. RICE. Rice forms practically the chief article of the Javanese diet. Every kampong (village) has its own plot of ground, which is worked by the members. The ground -is prepared by primitive wooden ploughs drawn by buffalos, and then small terraces are erected around it, to retain the necessary water. After the ground has been flooded and well worked, it • is ready for planting. The rice is usually grown in small seed beds very thickly sown, and at the proper season is removed to the rice fields, where 91 It is planted some inches apart in water. After full growth is attained and the grain well formed it is harvested by women who cut off the ripe grain and tie them in small bundles, leaving the stalks as fodder for their cattle. It is then taken to the kampong and the grain is separated from the ears by threshing. This process consists of placing the bundles into a hollowed block of wood and stamping them with a short heavy pole until the grains become separated. The rice is then ready for domestic purposes. Irrigation plays an important part in rice production and the Javanese employ a most elaborate system. Sloping ground is taken advantage of and the water is conserved in every way, of which, owing to the abundant rainfall, there is no lack. These rice fields or "sawahs" extend in some cases to the very top of large hills and present a very fine -