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Voyages andDefcrij. 

Vol. II. 

■ 

In THREE Parts, 

1. A Supplement of the Voyage round the Worfa, 
Defcribing the Countreys oiTonquin^Achin^ 
Malacca, &c. their Produft, Inhabitants-, 
Manners, Trade, Policy, &c. 

2. Two Voyages to Campeachy -^ with a De- 
fcription of the Coafts, -Produd, Inhabi- 
tants, Logwood-Cutcing, Trade, &c. of 
Jucatan^ Lampeachy, Nexp-Spain, ^c. 

5. A Difcourfe of Trade-Winds , Breezes, 
■Storms, Seafons of the Year, Tides and 
Currents of the Torrid. Zone throughout 
the World : . With an Account of ]<iatal in 
Africk., its Produft, Negi-o's, &c. 



By Captain PTiUiam Damfter, 



Iliuftrated with Particular Maps and Draughts. 



To which is Addedj 

A General I N D E X to both Volumes. 



LONDON, 
Printed {or yitmei knaptm, at tlie Crawn in St Fmili 
Church-yard. M DC XCIX. 




] 



CQ 






[^ 



tf. 



./l> 



^^ 



Cb>J 



C5>. 




To the Right Honourable 

WARD, 

Earl of ORFO RD, 

Vifcount ^arfetir^ Baron of 
Sbingey^ Principal Lord of the 
Admiralty, Treafurerof his 
Majefty's Navy, is^c. and ono 
of his Majefty's moft Honou- 
rable^Privy CounciL 

My Lord, 

< 

Th in Ackpojvkdgement of the Fa- 
vours jomr lordjbip has confer/ J 
upon me, that Ifrefumeto flace your 
Name htforethefe Papers. The Honour^ 
able Perfon to whom 1 dedicated mj for* 
mer Volume could not have tak^n a more 
agreeable way to befriend me, than by 
recommending me to your Patrona&i y 
and I fhall always retain a graVeful fenfe 
of it i and your Lordjhip has heenpleaid 
tfi prefer me in a wayfutiable to my Genius 

A a and 



and Experience I and wherein therefore^ 
if in any way^ I mmy be able to dqjome- 
thing toward tjfefreferiiing the £O0d;Clf^^^^ 
fiion you have . been, pleafed. to entertain 
cf me. %'s -it further fmsf(tSHon:Mtne. 
that my Employment is of ^ch' apctfUre, 
as does mt aUfnate vie from yfnnr Lard* 
[hips more^ peculiar . JurifdiSiion -^ , hitt 
places me more immediately under' it, 
and chiefly accountable to your felf. What^ 
ever parts of the World I jhaU ra^e int^f 
I /hall carry this comfort along with me, 
that next under the Providence of God ^ 
and his Majeftys ProteBion , I Jhall 
be, fo long as I am^ upon the Seas^ in the 
Province f and under the Dire£lion of your 
Jjtrdjhip and tf)e Honourable Board : 
for wfx)fe favours to me in general 1 have 
no better way of Expreffing myGratitude^ 
than by doing it thus to your Lord/hip^ 
who Pre fides there ' And with theft 
Sentiments^ / am bold to fubfcribe my felf. 

My Lord, 

Your Lordflbips Moft Fakhful, and 
Devoted Humble Servant, 

William Damfkr. 



The ^ R E F AC B 

■; * ' i ' 1 ^ ■• • • ■ ^ ' •• I 

IN the Preface to my fcrwer fdlume^ I have accounted for the 
Dcfferi, Method and St^e-of thofe Relaticiiis of my Travels: 
\vhat I Tiave more to fey bf that kind, is chiefly with reference 
to what I now otiFcr tfie Reader. Thus farl "have thought fit ta 
change my Method iii this Voliime, as to divide it into dillinft 
Parts, fawraufc the Matters it treats cf'areTo different from one 
anotherHn- point "of Time, or^ other CircOirftanccs ; but ftillin 
each Par t»I have taken the lamcComfe of jtiaking feveralChaprcrs, 
that tftis Vdlumef^rtii^t retMn ftnie Unifcimitywith the other* 

T^he'-K^'ofthefa is that Account Ipromifed of my Voyages 
from '^ctnn' in Sfmtatr4, to feveral places in the £. Iniier\ of 
which I forbore to particularize in the former Volume,, for Rea- 
fons there mentioned. I have now mere than difcharg'd my felf 
ofthatPtomife : for I have improved my own Obfervaticns, ef- 
pecially as t^Tonqmn by.thofe of (omt EngUJh Gentlemen, wha 
made a confideraDte ftay in that Kingdom. I ;am abundantly ia- 
tisfied my felf ot their Ability and. Integrity ; ' the proper Qualifi^ 
oitions in things of this Nature: and couli I have obtained their 
leave, the iJ^^tfJraifo jQiould have had the fatisfafticn of knowing 
to whom he was to abfcribe fever al of thofe Particulars : However^ 
I have taken frequent Occalions to diftingtiiih in general what I 
faw, from what I Was informed of This Part is the Sftfflewefst 
ctf'what is contained in x\ic former Volwnc^ and compleats the Vqj' 
age round the World. 

The Second Part contains what relates to the time I fpent in the 
Bay of Camfeachy^ either as a Logwood-Cutter, or a Trader to 
them/ This was before I made my Voyage round the World, as 
the Redder will perceive: and upon this occafion, therefore, I have 
pone fofar back,as to fpeak of my iirftEn trance upon thisR ambling 
kind of Life. For the Account it gives of Camfeachy^ and die 
Neighbouring Parts of 7ir^/rf ijwindiVifw-Sjp^Vi, C^c, I refer the -ftr^- 
der to the work itfrfclf 

• The Third Part is an Account of the Wtnd8,andWcather,Storms^ 
Tides, and Currents oi thsTorrtd Zone^ rpund the World j which 
may be of ufe towards the Improvement of Navigation^ and that 
ygxtofNatur^Hifiorj. Tis the fubftance ofwhat I havere- 
nasHd at learnt, about things of that kind, in io long a Courfe of 

rovina: 



I jLfJt: Mr jx. j::/ jr ^ \^ Ctm 

oving Upon the Seas: andtho I have not omitted to fpeak of 
:hefe matters in the feries of my Voyages, as occafion offered, yet 
thought it might not be unacceptable, to put them together in 
)neView alfaby themfelves, in a Methodical Difcourfe, ranging 
:he feveral particulars under their proper Heads. 

To render thefe things the more Intelligible, I have prefixed pe- 
:uliar Maps : one to each of the forgoing Parts ; but two to tnis- 
>f the Winds, &c» that the Variety of Trade-\Vinds might Tome 
ay be Piftured, as it were, to the Eye; and the Reader might 
J the lefs liable to be confounded with the Multiplicity of W^ords, 
_enocing the feveral Points of the Compafs, or other Iferms necef- 
a.ry to the Defcriptional part of the Difcourfe. Thefe Maps contain 
;hc Torrid Ztm^^ and fo much towards each Pole as was of ufe to 
ny Defign : and the Projeftion differs in this only from the Corn- 
on Maps, that in order to (hew the Atlamek, and Sof^h Oceans 
_ xh ia one entire View, the Dividon of the Hemifphaeres is 
made, not at the firft Meridian, (reckoning from Tenariffe^ nor at 
the 350th, as is ufual alfo and as 'tis in the Globe-Map, prefixed 
to ray firft Volume, but at the jooth ; yet ftill retaining the 
common Graduation in the EqnMor^ itom that cuftomary Meridi- 
an of the Canaries y or C Verd* 

And upon this mention of the -Aii^i^iV^ Sea, there is one thing 
I would obfcrve to the Reader^ that I ufe that name not only for 
the iVbrr^ Sea,as 'tis call d, but for this whole Ocean, on both fides 
of cheE^^^ro^* betweenE«r©/»if and-^^/Vi^onone hand,and.^mV4on 
the other. If I be queftioned for taking thisLiberty,! ihould think it 
enough to fay, that I wanted a general Name for this whole Oceao, 
and I could not find one more proper. And yet even as to the 
Reafonof the thing, if the Difcovery of a Sea to the Sonih of the 
Jfihmus of Darien, or the Afexican CoslA, were ground fuiScient 
for the extending the Name of South Sea to all that l^geft Ocean 
of the World, tbo it lies W?^, rachcr,of the whole Continent of 
America ; much more may I be allowed a Ie(s confiderable enlarge* 
ment of the name ofAtlanticl^Sez, which others have long fince ex- 
tended to fo great a part of this Ocean, from its Original narrow 
0)nfines, the Neighbourhood of Mount -4//^/, an4 the Go alb of 
Afdfirisar^ta. 1 know that fo much of this Ocean as lies Southx)f 
the R. Niger, went ufually by the name of the •^thiopick, iea : 
yet I can't learn a fufficient Reafon for it : for tho*tis true that the 
Antients call'd all the South parts of -^riVi^ to each Sea, t^hiofia, 
vet even upon this bottom, the name of vStbiopicI^ Sea fhould 
nave been left common to the Oceans on each M9 the Cape of 

Good 



7%e P RE F AC E. 

CiHfd Mofe. But i^ the Name muft be appropriated, why to this oi 
the Weft ojf Africsi wh> not rather to that on its E. Coaft ? whid 
lies nearer the Inward or more froftr t^thiofia, now the jil^iffin^ 
Empire i and confequently might better be call'd the oSthiopici 
Sea« Accordingly I have ventured to call it fo. Vol. I. page 289 
making it there the fame as the /;»iiVi^ ; which lalfo maKeto b( 
all the Ocean from the Eaft Cqaft of jlfrica to the remoteft of th< 
E:^ India Iflands, Nap Holland, and New Guinea : tho this Name 
alfi> of Indian Sea has been underftood, ufually, of narrowei 
bounds. But be that as it will, I was for ufing comprehenfiv< 
Names : and therefore thefe three Names of AtUntick^ Indian^ and 
Somh Seas or Oceans, ferveme for the whole Ambit of the Torrk 
Zone^ and what elfel have occafion to fpeak of. 

To thefe three Parts is added a General Index of both Volumes. 
The firfi Volume fliould not have been publifli'd without one, bui 
that 'twas referved to be annex-d tor^//; that the Reader might 
not have the trouble of turning over two Alphabets . 

Thus what I defignedas znjtffendix to the former Volume, is 
erown to be itsfelf a Volume anfwerable to the other. And I am 
fenflble there is one part of the intended Affendix yet behind , w^. 
Tl>e Defcription of the SomhSea Coafts of America^ from the 
-SJp^^y?' Pilot-Books, &c. I confefsl had thoughts of crowding; 
it into this Volume : but befides the dryni^fs and fatigue of fuch a 
Work, and the fmallleiCure I had for it, I was quite difcouraged! 
from attempting it, wheii upon nearer View of the Matter I foun^ 
in thofe'Defcriptions and Charts a repugnance with each other in 
many particulars; and feme things which from my own experience 
I knew to be erroneous. Indeed as thfey are they may be very ufeful 
to Sailors in thofe Parts, being generally right enough in the 
Main: btit I was loth to undertake a work, much of which muft 
have confifted in correfting Miftakes, and yet have left unavoida- 
bly many more to be reftified. Others may have Time and HeJps 
for this affair ; and future Difcoveries may give greater Light 10 
dired them. To me it fhall fuffice, that bating this one parti- 
cular, I have here endeavoured to perform what 1 had made the 
I'ublick expe6l from me. 



THE 



The CONTENTS; 

PA RT I. 

\ the Supplement of the Voyage round the Woj-Id. 



c 



Hap.i. the Authm Voyage from Achin to Malacca iWlfi-Totl- 
quin. 



^^.^^ 2. The Na^tural State' of Tonquin. 
5. CftheNativeSy their Cuftomf, Religion, Trader ScC. 

4. Of the Government: Kings, Soldiery, and Mandarins. , ^ ^^ 

5. Voyage to Tenart. mj.'s. ioumey by land to C^chao, and Occwr- 

6. His return from Tonquin, ^*^ Jome partiadm of Capbodia 
and Bmccmliy and Arivqljftt ^tAii^ccz and Achm.- , 

7. Achin defcrib'd; its Natural and Political S^te.Cufiotns,^ Traa$, 

CrvilWar, &:c. v= - • • ,! •. , 

«. Kfj %^^e to Malacca again: Malacca defer ibed- ^ . . 

9. H/J Return to Achin ; ^(y^/rge ro Fort St George, /w^ ^i'^^f* 

M3encotili; Bcncouli<^^/m*W. • * / 

P A A T II. . 

He Caropeachy l^ojiaget. ' 

Chap. I. the a:s ift Vovage to C^m^^chy, and Return. Jucatarl' 
Alcranes, and L 0/ Pines defctib'd;^ . * 1 ' ' r \/> »- ' rr ' 

a. Hi^ 2^ Voyage, The E. Qoafl e»/,..CaQipeacby..#cr'^ 4 j /#/ Tf^f 
^^^/ex, Weather, Animals^ &c. - i . - :. , , 

^^ Logwood-Cutting, Beef- Hunting, and Occurrences. ^, 

4. 7^^ Pf^. Ca/i/? 0/ Campeachy ^epr/W ; iw Mountain-Cm, Indi- 
ans • &C. - . , , m,t C •- 

5. 2i&f Coaft further W. andfroduifs, o/Campcachy ^w^ New Spam 
defcribid. T,)e /. V return to England. 

PART HI. 

ADifcourfe of Winds, Storms, Sealons, Tides, 

and Currents in the Torrid Zone. 

■ •'• • . . ■ < • , 

Chap. I. OftheTrtiS or. General Trade Wind at Sea, Croffmg th^ 

.Liae,,j&c. 

a. of the Coapng and conftant Trade Winds. . 

3. OftheJhiftingTrade-Wnds, and Monfoons. 
^, of the Ordinary Sea and Land Breezes, 

5. Of peculiar Breezes, and Winds of particular effeSis , Summafenta 
Winds, Cartagena Breezes, Popogaios, Tereno's, o»^Harma- 

tans. ' 

6. Of fiorms, Norths, Souths, Hurricane's, TufFoons, Jhimy 

Monfoons , ead Elephanta's. 

7. Of the Sealom of thenar, W<:a!:h^, Rains and Tornadoes. 

8. Of Tidc^ and Currents. Uzt2^l defcribed-, its Produif, Negroes, <fq. 



VI 



* ■ 



1? 



I 



' ' ' ' - ; 'Jtt.iiSSiS 



* 

— '' - ■ ' 



- '^ 



M-rDampiefsyoja.ges. 



y o L II. 






f •• » 



PA R T t 



•^ • • 



ffis Voyage from Achin hi Sumatra, to 
*'■ Tohqiiini ahcf other places in the 
Eaft-lndics. 



C H A P. I. 

lie Connexion of this dtfcourfi with the Voy- 

' a^e round the World. The Authors de^ 

*" farture *frbm Achin in the Jjle of Su- 

. fhatra * mih Captain Weldon, Their 

; Courfe along the Str eights of ^z\2iccz. Pu-^ 

, 16 Nuttee/ and other I(lands. The R. and 

Kingdom of Jihbre. Pulo Orb, and Puld 

. Timaon .• Green Turtle there. Pulo Con- 

dore. ShpUs of Przcel^ River of Czmho* 

* dia, O^ ^/Ghanipa, Pulo Cantoa Co- 

t chinchinefe, Pulo Champello, i\\ and city 

" ^fQuinam, Ojl of ForpuJJes and Turtle. Ship^ 

wrackt Men detained ufudlly at Cochirichiha^ 




The CoHncxionwith the former VoU 

and Pegu. Aguala woodfivm the Bay of Si* 
am. Bay of Tottquin. i. of Aynainj and 
other Jjlands. K<M^o one mouth of the chief 
jR, (?/TonqUid. Fiftiers L River of Damc^ 
the other Mouth. Its Bar and Entrance^ 
Mountain Elephant. PearUlflandi. Pilots 
i?/Batfha. They go up the River of Domcai 
Domea and its Gardens^ and Dutch there* 
They leave their Ships at Anchor above it^ 
^ rvhere the Natives build a Town. They gd 
" up to the thief City in the Country Boats. 
The River ^ and the Country about it. Leprous 
Beggars. Hean, a Town of note 5 Chinefb 
there. The Governor^ Shipping and Tide* 
They arrive at Cachao/Ae Metropolis ofTon* 
. quin* , , 

THe Reader will find upon perufing my Voyage 
round the World, that I then omitted to fpeak 
particularly of the excurfions I made to Ton^juin^ 
Malacca, tort St, George, and Bencouli, from Acbin 
\nx\\QV\!^ oi Sumatra i together with the defcrip- 
tion I intended to giveof thofe J)arts. I do but 
juft mention them there ; but fliall now proceed 
to a more diftind accountof them * 

And to keep to the order of time, the Reader 
may recolleca^ that my firft departure from 
Achin was to Torsaiun, along with Captain PFeldon^ 
about Jul/ 16SS. as^I havefaid p. yoyth of my 
former Volume. I have there related in a page 
or two before, to hovy weak a condition my felf 
and my Companions were brought, through the 
fatigues of our palfagefrom Nkobar to Acbin : yet 
did not my weakneft take me off from contriving 
feme employment or expedition, whereby I might 
ha^e a comfortable fubfiftence. Captain WeUoti 

toiKshed 



The A. fets out fron^ Achin for Tonquin. 5 

touched here, to fell the 'Slaves he had brought -^». 168 8 
with him from Fm St. Geerge; it being in his way " 
to the Streighcs of Malacca^ and fo to Ttmqnin^ 
Whither he was bound. This afforded me the op- 
portunity of trying that Voyage, to which he 
jkindly invited me, and to which I was the more 
incouraged becaufe he had a good Surgeon in his 
Ship, whofe Advice I needed .- and my friend Mr^ 
hJ/ was particularly animated thereby; who had 
alio refoiv'd upon thisVoyage,and was in a weaker 
condition than my fel£ Befides, Captain WeUon 
promifed to buy a Sloop at Tonquin, of which he 
would make me Commander, to go a trading 
Voyage from thence to Codincbina^ Cban^a^ Cam^ 
fodia^ or fome other of the adjacent Countries ; 
which Trade has Ifmtm fcarce yet been attempted 
by our Country-men, and there were hopes it 
might turn to a good account ] but this proje<£fc 
came to nothing. ; u 

, However, Captain Wddo^ having nnifhed his 
bunnefs at Acbin^ Ifet Qt^t thence with him through 
theStreighc^ c£ Malacca, and we foon arrived at 
the Town pf Malacca: fif which ToWn and 
Country, I ihall have a better occafionto fpelft 
hereafter. Herd wefoiind the Cafar of London^ 
commanded by Captain Wrighp^ who came from 
Bombof.^ and waa bound to Cbina. He ftopt here 
to water and refrefh, as is ufual for Ships to do 
do that pafs thefe Streights. By him we were in- 
formed tiiat three other Englifl Ships tiad touched 
here, and were paft on to the Eaftward xo days 
before. Thefe :; Ships came' from For^ St. George' . 
in company with Captain Weldon: but hisbufinels 
calling him to Acbiny they in the mean time pro-^^ 
fecuting their Voyage, got the ftart of us thus 
much. The Cj^far was foon ready to fail again, 
and went away the ntyit morning after our arrival 
at Malacca^ 

B i Our 



4 f Pulo Nuttce. R. and K. of Jihoi-e^ 

^jiH i6St Our Captain being a ftranger to the Bay of Twi- 
^ain, as weiie all his Ships company, he hired*a 
Drftcb Pilot at Malacca ; and having finifhed. his 
bufinefs there, we fet fail, two days after the C^-: 
far. We were defirous to overtake thefe four? 
Ships,; and therefore crouded all the fail we could 
niake J having a ftrong wefterly wind, accompa- 
nied with many hard Gufts and Tornadoes : and 
the very next day we got fight of them ; for tfaey 
had not yet paffed through a narrow paflage,called 
*he' Streights of Sincaporis. We loon got up 
With them, and paft through together j and fail- 
ing about ; leagues further wc anchored near an 
Ifland called Pulo Nuttee^ belonging to the King- 
dom of jf/i(?r^. 

Here Captain WeUon tooWtt^wood and water, 
and fome bf the Indian Inhabitants came aiboard us 
in their Canoas, pf whom we bought a few Co- 
coa-nuts, Plantains , and frefli Fim. We ftaid 
here not above 24 hours j " for the other Ships had 
filled moft of their ^M^r j^t other Iflands near 
fliis, before we caiii^ up with them: for tho 
Ships do ufiially take in water at Malacca Town, 
yet they do as frequently difcharge it again at 
tome of thele Iflands, and take in better. ^ v . 

We failed the next day, and kept near. the Ma-, 
iaccd fiiore j and there paffing by the mouth of the 
Kvf6v Jlbofe^ we left many other Iflands on our 
St Ar- board fide- . ^ :-:.•;; 

the River of JibGrt runs by the City 'of tbat, 
name, which is the feat of the little Kingdom of 
Jihore. This Kin^do^rtt lieson the Continent of 
Malacca^ and confifts of the extremity or doubling 
of that Promontory. ' It abounds with Pepper^ 
and other good Commodities. 
^ they are a MaborHetim people^ very warlike, 
and defirous of ,trad(e. They delight much in 
Shipping and going to Sea, all the neighbouring 
'••■- Iflands 



Vejfels of ]\hoxt^ Pulo Or o, and, Timaon. 5 

Iflands in a manner being Colonies of this King- An.^Si 8 
doni, and unijer it;s Government. They coaft 
about in their own Shipping to feveral parts of 
^jumatrny Jarva, ^c. their Veffels are but fmall, 
yet very ferviceable ; and the Dntch buy up a, 
great many of rhem at a fmall price,- and mafeq 
good trading Sloops of them. But .they firft fit 
them up after their own fafhion, and put a Rud- 
der to them, which the Jibcriam don't ufe, tho 
they aire very good. Sea-men in their way ,• but 
they malfe their Veflels ftiarp at each end, tho 
hut one end is ufed as the Head : and inftead of 
a Rudder, they have oh each fide the Stqrn ^ 
thing like a very broad Oar, one of which they 
let down into the water at pleafure, as there is 
occafion to fteer the Ship either to the one Ode or 
the other, always letting down that which is to» 
the Leeward V They haveProes of a particular 
ij^atnefs and^oiriofny. We call them Half -moon. 
Froes, fbrthey;tijr5i uplpm.uch at each end from^ 
^e water, t;hat they much relemble ?l Half moon, 
witbi^e Horns upwards^They are kept vei^ c^ean,. 
fail \^^11, and are much ufed by them in theiq> 
Wars* The people of Jikore Iwyci Cow^^ly en* 
deavoured to get a Comoierce with our Nation* 
Fair what reafqa that trade is negledied by us I 
know not/ The Dutch trade ;.yery much there i- 
andhaye lately endeavoured to bfiiigithe ^iiig,: 
who, is very young, tp- their bow. . . 

At tl^ rarther end of the S(reig![}tSs of Mala^ca^ 
among' many other Iflands, we fjiird by thole of 
Puh Qr^^ andj Puh 'l4?naon ;. w^hiclj l^ft is a place. 
often- touch'd at fpr wood, vi^ater. and other re- 
frelhments, tho, we paft it by... Among other; 
things, ther^ are great plenty ot e;cceUent Qreen 
Turtle among t^hete. Iflands, 

Being at length, got dear of all the Iflaiic^s into, 
tl>Q V/ide OcQan^ we. fleered awviy ftiUtogethc. 

J5 i "i. 



6 Pula Canton and Champello. ; 

^», 1 68 8 till wc came in fight ofTuIo Condor e : when having 
all brought to^and fpoke with each other, we part- 
ed for our feveral Voyages, The C^efar and two 
others, that were bound to China, neered away 
to the Eaftward, keeping to the South ofPulo Con^ 
Jore i it being their befl: courfe, thereby to avoid 
the large flioles of Pracel. We and the Safhhrc of 
Fort St: George , commanded by Captain £^, 
fteeredmore Northerly ; and leaving Pulo Conacre 
on our Starboard, we haird in for the Continent^ 
and fell in with it near the River oi Cambodii. 
But leaving this alfo on oiir Starboard fide, 
we coafted along to the Eaftward, keeping near 
tlie Champa fhore ; and coming to th e point of 
Land that bounds the S. W. part of the Bay of 
Tonjuin , we doubled it, and coafting to the North, 
leaving Champa ftill on our Larboard fide, ani^ the 
dangerous (hoalsof Pracel about iz or 14 leagues 
6ffohpyr Starboard fide, v^e kept along ifeir by 
the fliore, juft without Pulo Canton^ 
' Thislfland lies in about i; d. North. It is 
much * frequented by the Cochlnchinefey whofe 
Cobntry begins, hereabouts, bordering on th^ 
Kingdom of Champa^ They are moft Fifhermen 
Aat come hither, and their \:hief bufinefs is to 
make Oyl of pQrpuffcs : for thefe Fife are found 
Sn great plenty here at foreie feafons of the year,^ 
and then the Cocbinehinefe rciort hither to tsrf^e 
them!. The people that we fouhd on Fttlo Condore^^ 
flientioned in thq 14th Chapter of my Voyag6 
round thp World^ page ?9f, were of thefe Cfe- 
cbhcinnefi.'^ The Turtle alfo wbif?h they CatcH is 
chiefly in order to make Oyl of their ht : iind' 
there is great ftpre ofTuttle on all this Coaft« 
• Wccoafted yet farther on this Jtiore, till we 
came to the' Iflands of Ci4i»pe/&» ' Thefe may 
ftem to have fome affinity to Chm^a, hyth6 
iound of the word, which one wbpld take to bH 



R. and C. ijfQuinam, and Cocbinchinefe. 7 

aPartugmfe diminutive oiCbampa; yet they lye onthe An, 1 68^ 

Codnncbina CoaftjOnd belong to it,tho uninhabited. ' 

They are 4 or ; in number, and lye 4 or f leagues 
from the fhorcT hey are CBl\cdQbampello de laMar^to 
diftingui/h them from others lying farther down in 
the Bay olTmjuln^ galled Cbi^mfelh deTma. Thef^ 
laftlyein about 16 d.4f m* North, but the Iflands. 
oliChamfeUo de U Mar, lye in about i; d- 4; m. N. 
Over againft thefe laft Iflands, on the Mainj^ 
there is a large navigable River empties irfelf into 
the Sea. The CityoiQuinam fl:ands on the banksi 
of this River, and is laid to be the principal 
City of the Kingdom of Cocbincluna. As to its. 
diftancefrom the Sea, its bignefs, ftrength, riches,^ 
&c. I am yee in the dark ; only I have been in- 
fiorm'd, that if a Ship is cafi: away on this Kingdom, 
the Seamen that efcape drowning and get afhore 
become Slaves to the King« Captain John Tiler 
was thus ferved> and defpairisd of ever getting his, 
freedom ; but after a confiderable ftay there he 
was taken notice of by the King ; and upon pro- 
tnife of returning thit;bcr again to trade there, he 
was Tent away. I failed in a Veffel of his after 
this : but I never found him^ inclined to Trade 
thither any more. However, notwithftanding 
this theit^ fev6rity to Shipwrackc people, I have 
been informed by Captain Tiler and others, that 
they havea defire to Trade, tho' they arc yet de- 
fiitute of the means to attain it* This defire of 
Trade, they iieem ^ have taken up from fome 
ebhtefe fbgirives, who fled from the Tartars, when 
they conquered their Country ; and being kindly 
received by thefe t>^ii(j»ir/»e/tf, and having among 
tjicm many Arrificerv they inftrucfted their kind 
proted:or$ in nji-^ny ufcfUjArts, of which they were 
Wholly ignorant oefpre^ 'Tis probable this their 
cuftom Qf tei^^ing^ Shipwrackt Seamen may fooa 
i^anijll) by tb^ coming-in of TradQ,whi<^h is already 



8 Agmh^mod^ I. df hymnx. 

'^;,. 7^153 advancing among them; for the Merchants cf* 
w v^ china <Jo now drive fotne IraaU traffick among thefe 
p«^c>ple^ and fetch thence fome fmall quanrit^ips of 
Pepper, lignum Aides, andJgmk Wood, which 
is much elteemed fox its rare fcent, an4. is very 
valuable in other places of India* They, ^Jfo 
fetch Betle from hence, it growing here in great 
plenty I have had no account of any Shipping 
thv ( ochinchineje have of their own, but I have 
mi vvirh diem in their open Boats of 4, 5*, or 6 
Tiu: .; inipioying themfelves chiefly in getting 
I'ixh and Tar from Vuto Condore^ in filhing about 
the Co^ft andlflandtoget Oyl, and. in fetching 
Agtida Wood, from the Bay of Siapt ; which, 
whether it grows there or no, I can't tell, .but 
I have heard that 'tis only drift wood caft afliori 
by the Sea. 

,The feizing Ship wrack t-men has been alfo a 
cuftom zt Pegu, but whether ftill continued I 
knoW' not;. They lookt on fuch as men preierv- 
ed by God, purpofely for therij to feed and main* 
tain i and therefore the King ordered them to be 
maintained by his Subje<9:sj neither was any 
v/ork required of theni, *but: they had liberty to 
beg. By this means they got fpod and rayment 
firom the Inhabitauts, who/ vy ere z^alpufly chari- 
table to them. • ."^ 

But to proceed ; we kept a HjCtlQ, vvithput all 
the Iflands, and coafting 5 or 6 leagues further, 
we ftood right oy^r tpwards the N. E. Cod of the 
Bay of Jpnquin. : The Bay of Toncfuin has its em 
trance between the S, E. point of Champa gn thQ 
: Wefl fid?,' \vhich lies in the lat. of aboiit 1 2 d* 
North, and the Ifland of ^7»4ii» near the S. W. 
j^rtot China, on the Eaft fide. ThelQandof-/^-- 
if dip is in about 19 d. North.. It is a pretty confi- 
derable Ifland, well peopled with G^^ I|>habi- 
tantsi^* They have Ships of their Qwxi^;.an^ 4riVG 



a 



Bs ofTonqmti. R.K6k\fO. 9 

g great trade by Sea^ l have feen many of thekJnA6S$ 
Ships, Tome of icoTun, with Qutlagerson both 
fides, and others like ordinary Jpnks,. without Out- 
lagers : : biut am wholly ignorant of their Trade, 
any fgfth^r than what I have mentioned of their 
having. Pearl Oyft^rs there, in the 7th 
Chapter ofmy Voyage round the V/orld^ page 174. 

Near, the Cod of the Bay qiTonquin there are 
abundance of fmall Iflands, of which I fhall fpeak 
piore hereaften The niouth of the Bay feems to 
be bairr'd up w.ifKfhe great (bole of Fracel, which 
lies ftretched.at length before it, yet leaving two 
wide. Channels, one. at each end ^ fo that Ships 
may pafs in or out either way. And therefore 
even the Ships that are bound from the Screiehts 
oi Makfca ot Siam to Cbina^ may as well pa&to 
and frp within the /hole at wijl^out* 

The Bay of Tawiuin is at^out 30 leagues wide in 
the broadeft place^ There ijs good founding and 
anchoring all over it : and in the middle, where k 
^ deepeft, there is about 46 fathom water. There 
you have black Oaz, and dark Peppery Sand : 
but on the Well fide there is reddiih Oazy SandL 
Beiide the other Iflands beforementioned, there 
are others of lefs note on the Cochinchina Coafi| 
but none of themi^ ali above 4 o;: ; n^iles from the 
ftore. .'-''' • * 

In the bottom of the Bay alfb, there are fome 
£mallIAand$, c)t)i^by^e,7^i^i(mi)iore: loichefe 
are of^ efj^egial no(ej not fpr th^ir bigneis, but 
for Sea-marks for t))e z pripcipalKiyers, or mouth 
rather of the chief Riive^ oi /tom^m. One 
of thefe Rivers or Mouths^ is c^XVdi Rokho. Ic 
difchargesit felf into the Sea neat the N; W. cor- 
ner of the Bay : and the mouth of it is^in* about 
20 d. 6m^N. This River or brand? \ was not at: 
but have been informed, thatit.has^ not above i» 
fcot water 4F the enyanc^ i but tjiat its; bottom 

'• ^ • • as 






le Fijhers I. R. of Domea. 

!^.i688 is fefc Oaz^ and therefore very convenient fov 
ftnall VelTds^ and it is the way that all the Chinee 
^d Siamers, dp ufe. About a League to the 
Weft ward of this Rivers mouthy there isafinall 
pretty high Ifland called Fijhers IffanJ. It lyeth 
about 2 mile from the fhore^ and it hath good an- 
choring about it in 17 or 18 foot water : and 
therefore it is not only a Sea-mark for the River^ 
bat a fecure p^ace to ride in^ and very convenient; 
for Ships to anchor at, ta iKelter themfelves when. 
i;hey come hither^ efpecially if they have not a 
prelent opportunity to enter the River ,• either 
becaule of coming too late in theyear^ or being 
hindered by bad Weather; 

^The other River or MouA, was that by which 
we entered ; and 'tis larger and deeper than the 
former* I know not its particular name ; but for 
diftindion I /hall call it the River oiDomea ; he- 
paule the firftTown ofnote^ that Ifaw on its bank^ 
was io called. The mouth of this River is in 
lat 20 d. 45* m. It difelmbogues 20 leagues to the 
ISI. E. of Rokbo. There are many dangerotis Sanda 
^nd Shoals^ between thefe 2 Rivers, which ftretch 
ilito the Sea 2 leagues or more ; and all the Coaft, 
^ven from the Cocbinfbina fhore on the Weft, to, 
Cbma on the £aft, admits of Shoals andSands^ 
which yet in (bme places lie ftretched farther off 
from the (hore than in others. 

This River of Domea is that by which moft 
European Ships enter, for the fake of its depth : yet- 
hdre is a Bar of near 2 mile broad, and the Chan* 
nel is about half a mile broad,having Sands otl each, 
fide; The dejpth of the River is varioiis at different 
times and feafons,by the relation of thePilots whot. 
are beft acquainted here : for at fome times of the 
year herein not above ly pr 16 foot water on a 
Q>ringtide» and at other times hereaj::^ 26or 27 foot. 
Thehigheft tides are faid to be in the month ofNi^' 
' - ^^ ' -' '■'-' '''' ^-- '- ••'• „^ 



The ChdHMk M.^\ephatit. Bat(ha. n 

vemheTy Deeenfher, and January^ when the Nor- An.i6tt 
therly Monfoons blow ; and the loweft in May^ 
Jtmcy and July, when the Southerly Monfoons 
blow : but to be particular in them is beyond my 
experience. 

The Channel of the Bar is hard Sand, which 
makes it the more dangerous : and thcTidei whirl- 
ing QXAohg the Sands, fet divers ways in a Tides 
time I which makes it the more dangerqus ftill4 
ThereforeShips that come hither^ commonly wait 
for a Pilot to direA them^and if they arrive when it 
is Mepe-tide^ they muft uay for a Spring before a 
Pilo^ wiU come oJIT to take charge of (hem. Th^ 
mark of this River is a great: high ridgy Mountaii^ 
in the Coumry^ call'd the Elefbam. This muft ^ 
brought tobearN. W.byN.: then fleering towards 
the&ore^ the water runs (hallower, tiH youcomd 
into 6 &thdm^ and then .you will be 2 or ; mites 
from thelbot or entrance of the Bar, and aboat 
the fame diftance from a fmall Ifland called ?€4ai 
|(2^iim/; which will then bear neareft I^. K. £. 
I&vingthele marks and depth, you may anchor^ 
and wait for a Pilot. 

The Pilots for this River are Fiftermen, who 
live at a Village calVd Bat&ia^, at the. mouth of 
l^Riverjfofea«ed>that they can fee all Ships that 
yiftXt fbra^ilot, ap4 hear the Guns too, tjiat are 
often fireid as %paU Ipy E^^peans^ to give notice 
of their ari^vaK ^ 

It was4.n>h« rood before the Bar, inlight of 
the Sliflmt Lm&f that we found the RatHtnw of 
Jjofnim , Caotain Ikl Cbmis^nder; riding and 
waiting f(^ a Filot , when we and Captain Laty 
arrived. Captain f W. came di re(9Ay from tnglmi^ 
and paJSng through (h$ Streigbts oC<9^^ itouched 

He had tein here 2 or ; days i^fore we arrived: 
but the Sprmg-tides coming on, the Pilots came; 




_j 



xn T. of Domea. The Dutch tBere: 

lrf«.idi88board, and wcall ; in company paffed in over 
-* die Bar, and entring about half flood, we had 
24 foot and a half water on the Bar: Being- got 
over the Bar we found it deeper, and the bottoni 
foft Oaz. The River at its mouth is above a mile 
wide, biit grows narrower as yoix run farther up. 
We had a moderate Sea-breeze , and having a 
good tide of flood, made the beft of it to reaql^ 
to our anchoring* place. 

Having runabout y or 6 leagues up^theRiyer, 
we pafl: by a Village called Dome^. This is a hand- 
Ibrae Village : and 'twas the firft of note that wc 
faw (landing on the banks. 'Tis (eated on the 
Starboard fide going up, and fo. nigh the River, 
that the tide fometimes waflies the walls pftbcj 
Houles •. for the tide rifes and falls here 9 or 10 
foot. This Village confifts of about 1 00 Houfes, 
The Dutch Ships that trade here do always lye in 
the River before tliis Town; and the Z)«/rA Sea- 
men, by their annu,at returns hither from BaUvia^ 
are very . intimate with the.Natives, and as fre& 
h^rc as at their own hom^s :. for tbe7i»f»/»4/iJii 
general are a very fociable people, eipecially tha 
traders and pooi'er forx : but o€; this more in its 
proper placei . The Dutch have inftru<Sted:the Nat? 
tives in the; art of Gardening : by Which mean$ 
they have abundarice of Herbage for Sallading ; 
which among other things is a'greacrefreihmenc 
to the Dutch Sea-men, when they arrivfc here. 

Tho the Dutch yiho came to trade in:this King- 
dom, go no higher with their Ships than this 1)^ 
med^ yet the E^^^iidially go about % mile farther 
up, and. there lye at anchor during th^r ftay in 
this Country. We <fid* fo at'this time, and pafling 
by Domea came to an anchor, at that diftance. The 
tide is not fo ftrong here as at Domea; but we. 
found not one houfenear it: yet ouf Ships had not 
lain theremany dqys.*befoi:e tbe.Natives cam?,,frQiix 



A • < li « 



They nnchcr md are vijitedfi'om Cachacx 15 

all the Country about, and fell a building them ^».x^88 
Houfes after their fa{hion;fo that in a months tinje 
there was a little Town buil t' near our anchoring 
place. TKi^ is no unufual thing in other parts of 
Ww^cfpecially where Ships lye long at a place,the 
poorer fort of Natives taking this opportunity to 
truck^and barter ; and'byfome little offices, or 
begging; but elpec;ally by bringing Women to let 
to hire, they get what they can of the Seamen* 

This place where- our Ships rode at anchor Was 
not above 20 miles from the Sea: but the Trade 
of the Kingdoni is driven at Cacbaoy the principal 
City } where for that reafon the Englifh and Dtacb 
Eafi India Companies have each of them their 
Fadors conftantly refiding- The City was far- 
ther up the River, about 80 miles from our An- 
choring place ,• and our Captains got themfelves in 
a rcadinefs to go trp thitherj it being uf ual to fend 
up jthe goods in the Country Boats^ which; are large 
and commodious enough ; and the hire is pretty 
rc^onable both for the Veffeb; arid the Mejn who 
manage them. • They are T(?w^«;»g^, a"nd ufe both 
Oars and Sails. . Our Fadory ' at Cachao had news 
of our arrival before we came to' an anchor, and 
immediately the chief of theFaiftory, with fonie 
of the King of Tarujuins Officers, came down to 
us, by that time we had lain there about 4 or y 
days. The Tonquinefe Officers came to take an 
account or the Ships and lading, and our Captains 
received them with great civility, firing of Guns, 
feafting for zor ; days, and prefents alfo at their 
return baci^ to C^W 

Soon after their departure, the chiif of the 
Faftory returned thither again, and with him 
went our three Captains,and fome others, among 
whom I got leave to go alfo. Captain TflsUon had 
recommended me to the chief of the Fa(Sdry,while 
he was Jaboard us : and my going up noiv to the 

City, 



i4 Pie af ant ProJpeS. Leproks Beggar si Heaii. 

^.1688 City^ was in order to have his afliftance in the 
^ Voyage to Cocbinchina^ Cbampay or Cambodia^ which 
Captain /?^i&» had contrived for me ^ nor was it 
his fault that it came to nothing. 

We went from our Ships in the Country Boati 
we had hired^ with the tide of floo4i and an- 
chored in the ebb: for the tide ninsftrong for jo 
or 40 miles, beyond the place where we left our 
Ships. Our men contented themfelves with looI^« 
ing after their goods Cthe Tonquineft being very 
light finger'dj and left the management of the 
Boats entirely to the Boats crewl Their Boats 
have but one Maftj and when the wind is againft 
ihemthey take it down, and ply their Oars. As 
we advanced thus up the River, (bmetimes row- 
ing fonietimes failing, we had a delightful profpeA 
bver a large level fruitful Country, It was gene- 
rally either Pafture or Rice-fields ; and void of 
ttrees, except only about the Villages, which 
flood thick, and appeared thighty pleafant at a 
diftance. There are many of thele Villages 
ftand cloie to the banks of the Rivers, incom- 
jp^alTed with Trees on the bacR fide only, but opeii 
to the River. 

When we came neat any of thefe Villages, we 
were commonly encountered with Beggars, who 
came off to us, in littleBoats made ot twigs, and 
plaiftered over both infide and outfide With Clay, 
but very leaky. Thefe were a poor Leprous peo- 
ple, who for that reafon are compelFd by thp reft 
to live by themfelves, and are perihitted to beg 
publickly. As foon as they fpled us they fet up a 
loud doleful cry , and as we paft by theni 
tve threw them our fome Rice, which they re* 
ceived with great appearance of joy. 

in about 4 days time we get to Hean^ a Town 
on the Eaft fide of the River j which is here en- 
tire : for a litde before we came to Hean^ we vdtt 

• the 




io^ dn41pKn(k FgSories M Hean. i 5 

the main fiream wb^re Ic p^ts into the ^hannels^ AnA$t^ 
that o£D«wM,which we came up, and the other of 
Rjokbo : making fo a large and triangular Ifland 
between them and the Sea ; the mouths^ 
thofe Channels beings as I have (aid^ 20 leagues, 
afunder, 

Hean is about 60 ipiles from the place where we 
left our ShipS;, and about 80 frOni the Sea that 
way : but ^long the River or Channel Rokbo^ 
where the Land trends more to the Sooth ward^ it 
feem$ to be farther diftant from the Sea. 'Tis a 
condderable Town^ of about 2000 Ifoufes : but 
the Inhabitants are moft poor people and Souldi- 
ers^ who keep a Garrifon there ; tho it has nei- 
ther Walls, Fort, nor great Guns. 

Here is one ftreet belonging to the Chlnefe Mer- 
chants. For fome years ago a great many lived 
at Caobao ; till they grew fo numerous^ that the 
Katives chemfelves were even fwallowed up by 
them. The King staking notice of it, ordered 
them to remove irom thence, allowing them td 
live any where but in the City, fiut the majdr 
part of them prefently forfook the Country,as not 
finding it convenient for them to live any wherd 
but ^tCacbao ; becaulethat is the only place of 
Trade in the Country, and Trade is the Life of a 
Cbinefs. However fome of them were content to 
fctUe atffc^jWhere they have remained ever fince. 
And thefe Merchants, notwithftanding the prohi- 
bition, go often to Cacbao^ to buy and fell goods i 
but are not fufTer'd to make it their qonftant refi- 
dence. There were two of thefe Cblna Merchants 
who traded yearly to Japmy with raw and wrought 
Silks, bringing back Money, chiefly. Thefe all of 
them wore long Hair braided behind, as their own 
Country fafhion was before the Tartarian Conqueft. 
The Frencb too have their Faftory here, not 
being- allowed to fix at Cmhao^ and their Bifhops 

Pa- 



l6 tie Author's drrihal at fcachaol 

• 

'.^.1^88 Palace is the faireft building in Wean : but of this 
I fliall haveoccafion to fpeak more hereafter. 

The Governor of the adjacent Province livei 
here. Hcis one of the principal Mandarins of th6 
Nation, and he has always a great many Soul- 
diers in the Town, and inferiour Officers, whoni 
he employs at his pleafure dri any occafion. Be- 
fides, here are alfo fome of the Kings River Fri- 
gots, which I fliall hereaft6r deftribe, ready to be 
lent on any expedition t and thd fld 'Ekrofeans 
come up fo far as thi^ with their Ships," (that I 
could learn) yet the Siamtes and Cbineje Bring 
their Ships up the River Roibo^ quite to Hean, and 
lie at anchor before it : and we found there feve- 
ral Chinefe J onks^ They ride aftoat in the middle 
of the River ,• for the water does not rife 'aAd fall 
much at this place : Neither is the flodd difccrned 
by the turning of the flream; fo^ that always 
runs down, tho not. fo fwift near full Sea as at 
other times : for the ti^e preffing againft the 
ftream, tho faintly fo far up the River, has not 
power to turn it, but only flackens its coUrfe^ aild 
makes the water rife a little. . - , 

The Governor or his Deputy gives his Chop or 
Pals to all Veflcls that go up or down ; not fa 
much as a JBoat being fufFered to proceed without 
ir. For which reafon we alfd niade a ftop : yet 
we ftayed here but a little while^ and therefore I 
did notnow go afiiore j but had a while after this 
a better opportunity of feeing Wl?^;i. 

From Hean we went up to Cachao in our Boats, 
being about 2 days more on bur Voyage, for we 
had no tide to help us. We landed at the Englijh 
Fadory, and I ftayed ther^ 7 or 8 days, before I 
went down to our Ships again in one of the Coun- 
try Boats. We had good weather coming up : 
but it rain'd all the^tirnc ofthis my firft ftay at Co- 
ciaa } and we ha:d ra'uch w^t weather after this. 

But 



M,bitrv0Mns 4bout the Itate of Tonquitl 27 

hut Kaviiig got thus far I fhall now proceed Jn.i68S 
CO giv\ fome geaeral account of this Coun- 
try; from my own obfervations^ and the ex- 
perience of Merchants and others worthy of 
credit^ who have had their Refidence there^ and 
foihe oiE thenl a great may years. 



Mki 



^ V ^ 



»■«".' ' 



,t • . ^ \ ^ ^ ■ A ■*.' 






t fcHAP. 



l8 The SUudtiott of the Kingdom efTaac^va, 



». - 



CHAP. II. 

Tonquin-> its Situation^ Soil^ Waters^ dnd 

Provinces. Its natural Produce^ Roots^ Herhs^ 

Fruits^ md Trees. The Cam*chain and 

Cam-quit Oranges. Their Limes , &c. 

Their Betle and Ltchea Fruit. The Pone-/ree, 

Lack-fr^e/, MvXhtxxy -trees ^ and Rice. Their 

land Animals^ Fowl tame and wild ; Nets 

for wild Duckf^ LocHJis^ Fijh^ Balachaun, 

Nuke TQum-Pickle^Soy^and manner (ffFifhing. 

The Market^ Vrovi^ons^ Food and Cookfiry. 

Tketr Chau or Tea. The Temperature of their 

Air and Weather throughout the Tear. Of the 

great Heats near the Tropicks. Of the yearly 

Land Floods here ^ and eljewhere in the Tor » 

rid Zone^ and of the overflowing of the 

Nile in Egypt. Of Storms called Tuffoons t 

and of the influence the Rains have on the 

Harveft at Tonquin, and elfewhere in the 

Torrid Xone. 

TH E Kingdom of Tonquln is bounded to the 
North and North Eaft with China^ to the 
Weft with the Kingdom of Laos , to theS; and 
E. with Cochitjchina and the Sea, which waflies a 
part of this Kingdom^ As to the particular bounds 
Or extent of it, I cannot be a competent judge, 
coming to it by Sea, and going up direAIy to 
Cacbao : but it is reafonable to believe it to be a 
prretty large Kingdom, by the many great Pro- 
Ttnces which arefaid to be contained in it^ That 
f^t of the Kingdom that borders on the Sea, is all 



Ifi Mah^\^ Soil^ and Waters. i^ 

very low Land : neither is there any Hill to be feen, \An.i6S9 
but the Elephant Mountain, and a Ridgeof a much 
lels height hjContinued from thence tdthe mouth of 
the River ofDomea. The Land for about 60 miles 
up in the Country is ftill very low, even andT)lain : 
nor is it much higher, for about 40 miles farther 
quite to Cachao^ and beyond it ,• being without 
any fenfible Hill, tho generally of a tolerable good 
heighth, and with fome gentle rifings here and 
there, that make it a 6ne pleafant Chanipian ; and 
the further fide of this alfo is more level than the 
Champian Country it felf about Hean or Cacbao; 
Farther ftill to the North, beyond all this, I hdvc 
been informed that there is a chain of high Moun- 
tains, running crofs the Country from Eaft to 
Weft 5 but I could get no intimation of what ii 
beyond them. 

- The Soil of this Country is generally very rich ; 
That very low Land I fpeak of towards the Sea, is 
moft black Earth, and the mould pretty deep- In 
fome places there's very ftrongClayiTheChanipian 
Land is generally ydlowifli or grcyifh earth, of a 
loofer and more friable fubftance then the former : 
yet in fonie places it has a touch of theClay too. In 
the plain Country, near the Mountains laft men- 
tioned, there are faid to' be (brae high fteep rocks 
of Marble fcattered up and down at unequal di- 
ftances , which ftanding in that large plain Savan- 
nah, appear likefo many great Towers or Caftles ; 
and they are the more vifible, becaufe the Land 
about them is not burdened with Wood, as in 
fortie places in its neighbourhood, 

I have faid fome what alreafdy of the great River,' 
tod its 2 branches kokho and Domea^ wherewith 
this Country is chiefly water'd : tho it is not difti- 
tuteof many other pleafant ftrcams, that are loft 
m tbefe. In their courfe towards the Sea: and 
probably thtire are' many others, that run inrnnc 

Ct diately 



. io Tke Provinces of Tonquim 

'^»:i688cliately into the Sea, through their own channels, 
the not fo navigable as the other. The Country in. 
general is very well watered ^ and by means of the 
gteat Navigable River and its Branches, it has the 
opportunity of Foreign Tr^de. This rifes aboiit the 
Mountains in the North, or from beyond them j 
whente running Southerly toWard the Sea, it paffes 
thro, the before-mention'd plain of Marble Rocks, 
and by that time it comes to Cachae^ which is about 
40 or yo miles to the South of the Moun- 
tains, 'tis about as broad as the Thames at Lambeth : 
yet fo fhallow in the dry Seafon, as that it may 
be forded on Horfeback. At Hean 20 miles lower, 
'tis rather broader than the Thames at Grave fend} 
ind fo below Hean to the place where it divides it 

felf. 

The Kingdom of Tonquln is faid to be divided 
intb 8 largcPrbvinces,i;/J5,.the£</j? and/^/Provinces, 
th^Nirth and South Provinces, and the Province of 
Cachao in the middle between thofe 4 1 which f I 
take to be the princip^il Provinces, making the 
heart; of the Country. The other ;, which arc 
Tenan^ Tenebea, and Ngeam^ lie more upon the Bor- 
ders* n « 1 

The Province of 7e»4» is the moft Eafterly, ha- 
ving China on the S. E., thelfland Ajinam^nd the 
Sea on the S. and S. W., and the £^ Province on 
the Ni Wi This is but a fmall Province :its chiefeft 
produd 'S Rice. 

The Eafi Province ftretches away from Tenan to 
tht North Province, having alfo CA/»/i on its Eaft 
fide, part of the South Province, and the Province 
of Cachao on the Weft ^ and the Sea on the South. 
This is a very large Province ; 'tis chiefly low Land, 
and much of it Iflands,efpeGially the S.E. part of it, 
bordering on tHe Sea towards Tenon ; and hefe the 
Sea makes the Cod of a Bay. It haJ abiandance 
of Fiftiefroen inhabiting near the Sea; btit its chief 

pro- 



Tke Provinces of Tonquin. 21. 

produce is Rice : hcr« is alfo gpod paftur8ge3 and ^». 1688 
mudti Cztt\Qy&c, Hean is the chief place o£ this Pro 
vince, and <he Seat pi the Mandarin m Cover* 
nor. 

The S. Province is the triangi^lar Ifland,made by 
Sea : the River of Domea is on it's E. fide, dividing it 
from the E^y? Province, and Uf^^a on the Weft, di- 
viding it from ttnan ^ having tjie Sea toJtA Spmh, 
This Province is very low plain even Land, pro- 
ducing Rice in great abundapge : here are large 
paftures, and $(binn4ance of l^ifhqrmen near the 
Sea* 

Temboa to the Weft ^RMq^z^ theWeft Province 
oh its North, Ajnam on its Weft, and the Sea on 
its South : this Province isalfolpw Land, chiefly 
abounds in Rice and Cattle, and hath a great 
Trade in Filhing, as all the Sea Coaft h^% in geij^e'* 
ral. 

The Province of j!S^m»i, hath Tembpa on the 
Eaft, and on the South and Weft it borders on Co-- 
dbincbinay and has the ^^ Pro^dnce.on its North, 
This is a pretty large Province, abounding vvith 
Rice and Cattle : and here are always Soldieis. 
kept to guard the Frontiers from i\\Q Cochinchir- 
nefes, ' 

Th^Wefi Provinces bath Ngeam on the Souths 
the Kingdom of Laoi on the Weft, tiio Province 
qigacbao(^n the Eaft., and, ontbe North the W?r/^ 
Province. This is a large Province, and good; 
Champion tand : rich, in SoyJ, partly wood}^ 
partly pafture,^ Tb^ prodmft of this Pioviucc is, 
qhiefty in Lofk ;. and ber.§ are bred a great abqn- 
dl^nge oCSil^wprnjs for making Silk. 

The Nortb Province is a largetrad of I^and, mar 
king tjie Nofth/ide of this whole Kingdom. It 
hath the ]^it)g4bi)^of V^'^ pn the Wqft, and Chin^^ 
on jhe Eaft and North, the. Kingdom of Bao o^ 
J^0$M op t;he Horth Weftj and or t^ie South it 
- • ;- • C 1 ' ' . ' ' 



>>'»*i 



tl ^ Herbage^ Wild Vnrjl^in^ ^c. 

^».|688 person % of the principal Prdvinces of Ttf»f«/», v/a^; 
■*' thef^^Prpyince* thzioi Cachao^ and the £<x|?^ro. 
vince.'This JNi>r^i5 Province^ asit is large ,fo k has 
variety of Land and, Soy 1 ; a great deal of ptam 
Champion Land^ and many high Mountains which 
yield Gold, &c. the wild Elephants of this Coun- ^ 
try are found fnoft on thefe Mountains. The 
pther partspf this Province produce Lack andSilk^ 

The Province of Caebao, in tiie heart ^i the 
Kingdom , lies between ^he Ea^^ Wefi^ Nortk^ 
and /Si?«?i&Prpyinces: 'tis a Champion plealant Coun- 
try : theSoil is yellow or grey earth .* and^ 'tis pretty 
Woody, with lom6 Savannahs. Jt aboun<Js wich thcf 
two principal Commodities of their Trade, ^i«i. 
Lack andSilk^and has fomeRice:Nor are any- of the 
Provinces deftitute of thefe Commodities^ Iho in 
diiFerent proportions^ each according to the re- 
5>e<9:ive Soil. 

Thfe Country has pf its own growth all neceffa-* 
ries- for the Life of Man. They have little deca- 
fion for eatable Roots,having fuch plenty of 'Ricej 
yet they havd Yams and Potatoes for variety • 
which would chriTe here as well as any where; 
'were the Natives induftrious to propagate theni, . 
. The Land is every where cloath'd wkh herbSage 
of otie kind or other, bat the dry Land has/ the 
fame Fate th&t moft dry Lands have between tiii 
Trcpkks , to be over-run with- Purflain j Whfch 
growmg wildj, and being perriicicius to othei? teu^ 
der Herbs and PlaAfs, they are at the pains' to \vee4 
it out of their Fields and Gardens/ tho tis very 
{weet^ an^ makes a goodSallad fpra ^hot Geun^ 
try.- ■ '• •■ '■.■'' -' ■'■■'^'' ' 

There is a fort of Herb v^'ry common in this 
Country, which grows wild in ftagnant Ppn#> and 
floats on the furface of the water. ^ It has a narrow^ 
long, green thick leaf.. It \U much eft^eipcd 

: . and 



Fruits. Cam-chain <f«^Cam*quit Oranges^ 8cc. 20 

and eaten by the Natives, who conuiiend it for zAn.i6Z^ 
very wholelom herb^ and fay that 'tis good to ex- 
pel poyfon^ This Country produces many other 
forts of virild herbs ; and their gardens aifo are 
well furnifh'd with pleafant and wholfome ones^ 
efpecially many Onions^ of which here. are great 
plenty. 

Platttaim and Bonanoesgrow and thrire here as 
Well as any where, but they are ufed here only as 
Fruit, and not for Bread; as in many places oiAme- 
rica. Befides thefe herie are divers forts of excellent 
fruits, both Ground fruit and Tree fruit, The 
ground Fruits are Pumpkins, Melons, Pine apples, 
c^c. the Treb Fruits are Mangoes a few. Oranges, 
Limes, CoCo-nuts , Guava^, Mulberry's , their 
much efteom'd Betle, a Fruit call'd Ucl^;, &c; 
The Orangis are of divers forts, and two of them 
mor^ ektellebt than the reft OneXoit is called 
Cam-chain^ the other is catldd C^;»^»/f. Cam^ in the 
Tonquineje' Language fignifiesan Orange, but what 
the diftinguifliing words Cam and ^h fignifie I 
know not. ' - 

The G^w-c£tf/«' is a large Orange, ofayellowifli 
colour : the rind is pretty thick and rough ,' and 
the- infifld is ydllbw lilteiAmber, It has a moft f ra- 
grantfinfelli afnd the-tafte is very delicious. This 
tort 6i ^i^ange Is the beftthat I didvever -tafte ; I 
believe there are not better in the world: A man 
may eat freely of thetii j -for they are fo innocew, 
that rth^y ^_re not denied to fuch- ai^iiave Fevers, 
and other fiek peopfd. 

The Cam quit is a very fmall round Fruit, not- 
above ^alffo'big as the fopmer. It isof adaep 
red d6!(5ii>, ind the rind is very frnoorti and thin,. 
The, inKS6 alfois very ^ed ; the tafte^as' nocinferi- " 
PUT to'^fte Catftfchain^y hnt it 4s accouwcid very uh-^j 
ifehdelom-frfiit, efpddaUy to fuch 'as arefubjeft 
{o fluxes :-for it both creates and htightens thae' 



a 4 Limes ^ Betle, Lichea, Vqnt^tree^ Lack *.re^i^ 

'^».i688Ldiftemper. Thefe 2 forts are very plentiful and 
cheap, and they are in feafon from OBober till Fe- 
hna^^ but then the Qam- chain becomes redder^ and 
the rind is al{b thinilien Tbeother forts ofOranges 
are not much efteemedw 

The Limes of T<mqmn are the largeft I ever 
faw. They are commonly as big as an ordinary 
Limon, but rounder. The rind is of a pale yellow 
colour when ripe ^ very thin and fmooth^ They 
are extraordinary juicy, but not near fp. fliarp, or 
tart in tafte as the ff^tfi Indian Limes. \ 

Coco nuts and Guava's d.o thrive here very well ; 
but there are not many of the latter. . 
. The Betle of Tonquin is f^id to be the bcft ip India^ 
therein great plenty of it; and'ti^mpft efteemed* 
when it is young, green, .and tender > fqr 'tis thea 
very juicy. At Mindanao alfo.they like it beft green : 
but in other places of the Eaji-Indies it is coipmpnly 
chew'd when it is hard and dry. 

The I/cAm is another delicate fruit. 'Tis as big^ 
as a fmall Pear, fomewbat iQpg /haped^of a reddiih 
colour, the rind pretty thick and rough, the infide^ 
white, ipclofing a large bla^Ik kernel, in fhape like 
a Be^q. '. z ,. . . 

The CQuntry is in fome^j^rt woody j but the 
low Land in general is either graiTy pafture, or 
Rice Fields,: t>hly thick fet with (mall Groves, 
which i^arid fcattering-verypleaf^tly, all over the ^ 
low-Country. The Trees in th^; (jroyes are of 
divers forts, and. moftunkoQwn tqus^ There is goipd 
Timbef, for building eith6r .Ships or Hoiifes, and 
indifferent' good Maits nbay here be had. 

There is:a Tree called by tiiejl^ativ^sPov^^ chiefly 
h&d for making Cabinetis,; of; other .ware^ tpibe 
lackered. This h a foft fort ^f v^fp^d, mpi much 
unlike Fir, but: not fo ferviqeable^i: tXnoth^ Tree 
grows in this Country that yisids- the L^cl^j \ with 
which Cabinet? and. Qihcr finQ things gyrcaif^rVaid. 

. ., : i Thefe 




s 



Mulherry-trjes^ Rice. The Animals. 25 

Theie grow plentifully in fome ptaces efpecially in A»a66^ 
the Champion Lands.Here are alfo Mulberry Trees 
. in great plenty 3/ to feed the Silk worms, from 
whence comes the chief Trade in.the Country. 
The Leaves of the old Trees are not fo nourifhing 
^the Silkworms, as thofe of the ypung Trees, 
and therefore they raife crops of young ones evccy 
year, to feed the Worn^ : for when the feafon is 
over, the young Trees ar^ pluckt up by the roots^ 
and more planted againft the next year; fo the 
Natives fufFer none of thefe Trees to grqw to bear 
Fruit. I heard of no Mulberries keptfor ^ating/but 
(bme fewraifed by. our £«g///i Merchants at Hcm^ 
and thefe bear bi;it fmall hungry Fruit. 

. Hpre \% good plenty of Rice, efpecially in the 
low Land, that is fatned by the overflowing Ri- 
vers. They have two crops every year,, with greae 
^ncreafe, if they have feaionable R^n^i and Flpodji^ 
Pnecropis inA%, and theoth^rin J^ovemter^ 
and thoil^e low Land is^fome^i^esoyerflow'n with 
water in ti^q time of Harveft, yet they niatter it 
liot^ but gather ?he crop and fetch it home wet iii 
their Canc^; and^ina^ing the R1/C5 faft in fmal! 
bundles, ha£g it up in their Houles t9'dry. Thit 
ferves tbenji for Bread-cojn ; and as the Country u 
very kuidly for it , fo ;heir Inhabitants live chkRy, 

of it, ' * ""•'." '-'•- '-'' 
• Of Land Anirpals in thij Country there are 
Elephants, Horf(?s, BufFalpes, Bull9cks, XJoats^. 
Deer, a few STiecp for^ riie^r Kiog^- Hogs, Dogs, 
Cats, ij^izards, ,Si?ak^s } Scorpipns, Centapecs; 
Toads^ Frogs, ^c. The Country -ijfo very popa-. 
lous, mat they have J^ut few peer or wild Game- 
for Hunting, unlefs it hp ifx the refhotpr parts of 
the Kingdom. But they have abundance of Fow!f« 
both tame and wild. The tame Fowls are Cocfas 
and Hens, and Ducks alfqi in great. |^Wy, of the 
fame fqrt with oursi The Inhahitacts have Htrlc 



6 Fo^l. Nets fir Wild^Ducks. Lecufis. 

'4n.i69S Houfes made purpofely for the Ducks to lay their 
Eggs in, driving them in every night in laying time, 
and letting them out again in the morning. There 
arc alfo fome Geefe , Parrbts, Partridge's, Para- 
kites, Turtle Doves, &c. wtth many forts of fmal- 
kr Bhrds. Of wild Water-fowls they have Ducks, 
Wdgeons, Teals, Herons, Pelicans, and Crab- 
catchers, (which I flialldclcribe in the Bay of 
Campeachj) ' and other fmaller Water-fowls. The 
Duck, Widgeon, and Teal are innumerable: iftey 
breed here in the months of May, Jmty and Jtdy ^ 
then they fly only in couples : but from (Hiohet t6 
March you will fee over all the low wiatry Lands 
great companies together ; and I have no whetie 
leeh fuch large flights, nor fuch plenty of <5ame» 
They are very fliy finqe the Engl^ and Dktch fettled 
here ,• for now the Natives as well as they fhoot 
them : but b^fott their arrival the Toncfuineft tobk 
them only vi^tlr Nets :• neither is this cuftom left 
pflFyet. The Net that is • u^'d for this GamS h 
maaefquarc, and either bigger ox lefe accoj-ding 
as they have occafion. They fix twoPblcs- aboi^t 
lo or I'l foot high, upright in the ground, hear 
the Pond, where the Ducks haunt j and the Net 
has a head-cord, which is fl:retched out ftreighr, 
made fronr the top of one Pole to the other j from 
whence the lower part of the ,Net hangs down 
loofe towards the ground ,• and when in the even* 
ing they fly towards the Pond, many of rfiem ftrik^ 
againft the.Ner, and are there entangled. 

There is a i^ind of Locufl: in Tonquin, in great 
abundance*^ iThis Creature is about th4bigncfs 
of th« top of a mans Finger, and as long as the firft 
joynt. It breeds in the earth, efpecially in the 
banks of Rivers iand Ditches in the low Country, 
In the months of January] and ' Fehrnary^ which is 
thcfeafon of taking tfiem^ being then only feen, 
this greature firft comes out of the Earth in huge 



fwarms. It is dien of a whidfli colour^ aiid having -An. x.^S$ 
2. fmali wii^s, like the wings of a Bee^ at its fim 
coming out of the Earth ic xakes its flight ; liMm for 
want dFftreiigth.or ufe falls ddwh again in « (hort 
rime. Such « Arrive to fly over the River, docom- 
m€»ily fall dowti into the water/ and are^itm^^ied, 
or become a piey to thdPini oftheRiver^bf are car^ 
ried out ifito the Sea to he devoured there: but the 
Natives in cheiib months wat^ the Rivers, and 
vikt up thenoe multkodes, skunming them from 
oflf the Water with litde Nets. They cit them 
frelb, broiled on the Coals ; or pickle ^em to 
keep; They ar^ i^urap and fat, and are much 
ftfteehKidbcbh by rich and footj^s good whdefome 
food, either firdSi or pidded. 

The Rivers and Pwidi ate ftored with <3ivers 
(brts of eX'Celleitt Fifh, }SsM^ Sundance of Frogs, 
which thby A^fele for, bekig^highly efteenied by 
thei^fKi/i^yi^/ TheSedlbo:(^m much for- 

wards theftipp6ift of thevpoor Peopje, by jWding 
I^entiful ftores bfPifli, thelt fwarm on this Coatt 
In their fdafons,, aiid whi^'aie commoti)^ "^V^ 
ferr'd before the ^Rivd^Fifk ' Of thefc here ar« 
divers forts, befides Sea Turtle, which frequently 
come albore fenthe Sati4yBays, in their feafons, 
to lay their Egg*. Here aTC*^aHo bith Land crafii 
and Sea-cfabi gcM>d fioi«, 'and''<yther Sh6U-flih, vlz^i 
Craw-fifti, Sh^lnps, and^ Prawns. Mereis ond 
fort of finall Fiib mucbfikean AiuAtyuj^ both in 
ihape andfjze, which is very good picklfed. There 
are other -'ftrt? <jf ftoall: Rfli, • which I icnow noq 
the .names oC -One' fort ol them comes in great 
(hoals near the flioire, and thiefe the Fishermen 
with their Nets take fo^lentiftillyas to load their 
Boats' wltlv^hiern^.- Among thefe they generally 
t^e ■ a '-gfteaf^ ifiany- ShHmps in their neti , 
whichtWy carry aftHjre mike together as they take 
them, and maik« Bahehjturr'mth them* • 



dt Balachaun, Nuke^mUm^ S^/. 

^•1^88 Balacboftn is a compofition of a ftrong iavor } 
^ yet a very delightfotn difli to the Natives of this 
Country. To make it^ they throw the Mixture of 
Shrimps and fmall Fiih into d fore of weak pickle 
made with Sale and Water, andl put into a tight 
earthen Veffel pr Jar. The Pickle being thus 
weak, it keeps not the Fiftifirmand hard, neither 
tsJtjprpbably fadefigned^ for the Fifh. are nevec 
gutjted.. Therefore in a fliort time they turn all 
CO a mafh in the Vef&l f and whqn.they have lain 
thus a gopd while, .fo. that the Fiib is. r^uced to a 
pap, they then draw off the} liquor in tQ frefii 
Jars, and preferve. k (or ufe. : '!^h.e ma^t FilH that 
]:emains behind is calk4 j^/^^^«ii, a;nd theUquor 
pour'd off is call'd Nuk^^J^Hm, Xhe ^or people 
cat ; :the Balachdun with . their JUce, . /Tis rank 
fcented^y^t thewfte is nftt altbgstbfir,,unj?Jeafanti 
but rather favory,, after pneis altf/ievuf^d tpit. 
The Nuh'M/im is qf a pale brqwii colQiir, inclining 
to grey ,• and pretty clear. It is alfo very favory, 
and.ijft!<} as. a good faiice for Fowls, npt only by 
thcN^ciyes^ but alfo by m^yj^wro^eans, y/hoefteenj 
it equaj with i'^r. > I , ha?e. b^n : tcdd that % is 
ipade. partly with a Pilhycom^ofitiQn^i apd it feenas 
mod likely by (he taft^: jtbp aGeDtlflQianrpf my ae- 
Guainrance;, who Vas.ycry intimate with one that 
failed often from ?v^«^ tP y^/><w, ftpm whence 
the true Svy comes y toM me, ih%£t.;i{ was madQ 
9nly with Wheat, afldafprt <?jf Besjns mixtwi(;^li 
WaterandSalt^ .;. ., ;..; . 

j..Thei,r. way of Fifhing cjiflf^s jittle ffo^ ours : 
in the .Rivers, they takg fome of th^ir Fi(h with 
Hook and. Line, Others with Nefs of .feyeral forts. 
At the mouthS;of the,lj,iver$, ^b^y j^t netsagainft 
^le Stream or Ti^.;: Thefeihave twp Jong wings 
opening' on eap^ fide .the n^outb of- th^ Net, to 
guide the Fi/li into it j .where paiCng , through .a 
narrow neck^ they are tjaughc in a^ bag at the far^j 
therend, " < ." ■ : ** ^ • Where. 



Tk Tonquinefc mamer of Bfiiffg. af 

Where the Rivers mouth is fo wide, that the ^.x688 
wings of the Net will not reach from fide to fide^ 
as at Batjha particularly it wi)l not^ there they fup- 
ply that defisA, with long flender Canes^ which 
they ftick upright near one aiiocher in a row : for 
on both fides of the River, when the tide runs 
ftrong (which is the time that the Fi(h are mov- 
ing) the limber Canes make fuch a ratling^ by 
ftriking againft each other, that thereby the Fim 
are feared from thence towards the Mouth of the 
Net, in the middle of the Stream. Farther up the 
River, they have Nets made fquare like a great 
flieet* This fort hath two long Poles laid acrds 
each other. At this crofilng oi the Poles a long 
Rope is faftnedj and the Net hangs down in a 
bag by its corners from them. To manage it there 
is a fuoftantial poft, fet upright and firm m jthe Ri- 
ver ,* and the top of it may be 8 or lo foot above 
the water. On the top of this pofl there is a Mortice 
made, to receive a long pole^ that lies athwart like 
the Beani of a Ballance: to the heavier end of 
which they tie the Rope, which holds the Net ; 
and to the other end another Rope to pull up the 
Net oii occafion. The Fifhermen fink it with 
Stones to the Rivers bottom, and when they fee 
any Fifh come over it, onefuddenly pulls the Rope 
at the oppofite end of the . beaiii, and heaves Net 
and Fifh out of the Water. They take a great deal 
of Fifh this way : andlfometimes they ufe Drag- 
Nets, which go quite JlcroTs^ and fweep the Ri- 
vier; 

In the flagnant Ponds, iuch as the Mandarins 
have commonly about their Hou^s, they go in and 
trouble the water with their feet, till 'tis all mud« 
dy and thick : and as the Fifh rife to the furface, 
they take what they pleafe with fmall Nets, faftned 
to a hoopi at the end of a pole, 

tor 



§d Their Marhts^ Fr&MfiaHt^ andC^diery. 

^^.t6SS For all thcfe forts of |>rovifion there are Markets 
duly kept all over Timepiin^ one in a week, in a 
iieighbdurhoodof4or 5 Villages; and hfeldateach 
of thetll fucceffively in its order : fo that the fame 
Village has not the Market returned to it till 4 or f 
weeks after. Thefe Markets are abundantly more 
ftor'd with Rice 6*as being their chief fubfiftence^ 
cfpecially of the poorer fort) than eidieir withFlefh 
or Fifh, yet wants there not for Pork, and young 
Pigs good ftore. Ducks and Hens, plenty of Eggs^ 
Hfb great andfmall, frefli and {zhcd Balacbattn and 
Nuke-Mum , with all iorts of Roots, Herbs, and 
Fruits, even in thefe Country Markets. But at 
Cacbao^ where there are markets kept every day, 
they haire befides thefe. Beef of Bullocks, Buffa- 
loes Flefli, Goats Flefli, Horfe Flefii, Cats and 
Dogs, fai I have been told) and Locufts. 

They drefs their food very cleanly, and make it 
favory ; for which they have feveral ways un- 
known in EuropCy but they have nrany forts of 
di/hes, that wou d turn the Stomach of a ftranger, 
which yet they themfelves like very well ,• as par- 
ticularly, a dim of raw Pork, which is very cheap 
amd common. This is only Pork cut and minced 
very fmall, fat and lean together j which being 
afterwards made up in balls, on rolls like Saufages, 
and preft very hard together, is then neatly wrapt 
up in clean leaves, and without more ado, ferved 
up to the Table. Raw Beef is another difli, much 
fctteemed at Cacbao. When they kill a Bullock they 
jfinge the hair off with Fire, as we finge Bacoti 
Hogs in England. Then they open it j and while, 
the Flefh is yet hot, they cut good Collops from off 
the lean parts, and put them into verjr tart Vine- 
gar ; where it remains 3 or 4 hours- Or longer, till 
it is fufficiently loaked, and then, without more- 
trouble, they take* it out, and eat it with great 
delight. As for Horfeflefh, I know riot vvhether 

they 



Jtddrjc auaE^iifmms^ r^p^ u^gs una Lats^ &c. 3 1 

thay kill any purpofely for the Shambles ; or whe--^».i68S 
ther they only do it when they are not 
likely to Hve; as I have feen them do their 
working Bullocks at Galida in Old Spain ; where 
the Cattel falling down with labour^ and being fo 
poor and tired, that they ciEinnot rife, they are 
flaughtered,and lent to market, and I think I never 
eat worfe Beef than at the Groin. The Horfefle/h 
comes toMarket at Cackao very frequently, and is as 
much efteemed as'Beef. Elephants they eat alio j 
and theTrunk of this Beaft is an acceptable prefent 
for a Nobleman, and that too tho the beaft dyes 
with Age or Sicknefs* For here are but few wild 
Elephants, and. thofe fo fliy, that they are not 
eafily taken^ But the Kixig having a great number 
of tame Elephants, when one ot thefe dyes, 'tis 
given to the pooc, who prefently fetch away the 
Fleih j but the Trunk is cut in pieces,' and prefented 
to theM^ndarms^ Dogs and Cats are killed pur- 
pofely for the Shambles, and their Fleih is much 
efleeme^ by people of the beft fafhioij, as I have 
been Credibly informed.Great yellowFrogs alfo ara 
much admired : efpecially when they come f refh 
out of the Pond. They have many other fueh 
choice difhes : and in all the Villages, at any time 
of the day» and be it market day or not, there ard 
leveral to be ixAd by poor people, who make it their 
Trade. The moft common forts of Cookeries, 
next to boil'd Rice, is to drefs little bits of Pork, 
fpitted 5'. of 6 of them at once, on a fmall skiver, 
aixd roafted. In the Markets alfo, and daily in every 
Village, there are Women fitting in the Streets, 
with a Pipkin over a fmall Fire, full of Cbau^ as 
they call it, a fort of very ordinary Tea, of a 
reddifk.hrown coldur, and 'tis their ordinary drink. 
The Kingdom of Tonquin is in general healthy 
enoi:^V eipecially in the dry feafon, when alto 
it is vei^ delightfoffi* Foi" the fea&ns of the year 

at 



J 2 lie Autbofs arrtval dt Cachao, 

!^,r^88 at Tonquin^ andl all the Countries between the irth- 
* - ^fkhs^ are diftinguiflied inta Wet and Dry, as pro-* 
pcrly as others are into Winter and Summer v But 
as the alteration from Wiriter to Summer^ and 
wU ^erfa is not made of a fudden , but with the 
interchangeable Weather of Spring and Autumn j 
fb alfo toward the end of the dry leaibn, there are 
fome gentle fhowers now and then; that precede 
the violent wet monthsjand again toward th^ end of 
thefe,feveral fair days that introduce the dr^ time* 
Thefefeafons'are generally much alik6 at the&me 
time of the year in all places of the Torrid Zohe^on 
the fame fide of the Efjuator ; but for 2 or ; degrees 
on each fide of it^ the weather is more mixt and 
tancertain/tho inclining to the wet extreme) and 
is often contrary to that which is then fettled 
on the fame fide cf the Equator more toward the 
Tropick. So that even when the wet Seafbn is fet 
in, in the Northern parts of the Torrid 2jone, it 
may yet be dry weather for % or ; degrees North 
of the Line : and the fame may be fa^d of the con- 
trary Latitudes and Seafons; This I fpeak 
with refpei9: to the drinels or moifture of Countries 
in thd Torrid Zone : but it may alfo hold good of 
their Heat or Cold, generally : for as to all thefe 
qualities there is a further difference arifes from the 
make or fituation of the Land , or oth^r acd-> 
dental caufes^ befides what depends oh the re« 
Ipedive latitude or regard to the Stm. Thus the 
Bay ofCawpeach^ in the Wefi Indies, and that oiBen-^ 
gvlmtht Eaf, m much the fame latitude, areet- 
ceeding hot and moift^ and whether their (itiia- 
tion, being very low Countries, and : the^ibarcity 
and&intnefs of the Sea:breezes, asinmoftBays, 
may not contribute hereunto, I leave others to 
judge. Yet even as to the Latitudes of thefe places, 
lying near the Tropicks, they are generally upOri 
that accouht alone more . inclined to great Heati; 

<ha*i 



. Greater heat near the Trop. than the Line. 55 

than' places near the Equator. This is what lJn.168^ 
h^ye experienp'd in many^places in fuch Latitudes 
both in the Eajf and Wefi Indies ^ that the hotteft 
parts of the World' arc thefc near the Tropicks^ 
efpecially % or 4 Degrees wirhia theni ; fenfibly 
hotter than under the Line icielf* Many r^afo/is 
may be affign'dfor tWs, befide the accidental 
ones from the make of the particular Countries; 
Tropical Winds, or the like. For the longeft day 
at the Equator never exceed^ 12 hours, and the 
night is always of the fame length : But near the 
Tropicks the longeft day is ^bout i j hours and an 
half J and an hour and an half being alfo taken 
from the night, what with the length of the day^ 
and the ihortnefs of the night, there is a difference 
of three hours ; which is very coufiderable. Be- 
fides which, at fuch places as are about ; degrees 
within the Tropicks, or in the Lat. of 20 Deg. N., 
the Sun comes within 2 or 3 degrees of the 2^e- 
nith in the beginning of Majf ,• and having paft 
the Zenith, goes not above 2 or ; degrees beyond, 
it, before it returns an^ palTeth the Zenith once 
more ,• and by this njeans is at leaft ; months 
within 4 degrees of the Zenith: fo that they iiave 
the Sun in a manner over their heads from the be- 
ginning of May J till the latter end of Julj. Where- 
as \yhen the^Sun comes under the Line, in March 
or September , it immediately pofts away to the 
North or the South, and is not 20 days in pafling 
from 5 degrees on one fide, to 3 degrees on the 
other fide the Line. So that by. his fmaU ftay 
there, the heat cannot be anfwerable to what it is 
near the Tropick, where he fo long continues in a 
manner Vertical at Noon, and is lo much longer 
above the Horizon each paaticulaf day, with the 
iiitervehing of a fhorter night. 

But to return to Tonquin. During the wet 
months ihere' 'tis exceffive hot, elpscially when- 



^4 Ti&e caufc of the overflow ^/Nile. 

An.iSSS ever the Sun breaks out of the Clouds, and there 
is then but little Wind ftirring : And I have been 
told by a Gentleman who liv'd there many years, 
that he thought it was the hotteft place that ever 
he was in, tbo he had been in many other parts 
oi India. And as to the Rains, it has not the leaft 
Ihare of them, thd neither altogether the greateft 
of what I have met with in the Torrid Zone • and 
even in the fame Latitude, and on the fama fide of 
the Equator. The wet feafon begins here the lat- 
ter end ofAfr'il^ or the beginning of May ; and 
holds till the latter end of Jugufi : in which time 
are very violent RainSj fome of many hours, others 
of 2 or ; days continuauce; Yet are not thefb 
Rains without fome confiderable intervals of fair 
weather, efpecially toward the begtnning.or end 
of the feafon. 

By thele Rains are caus'd thofe Land'floods, 
which never fail in thefe Countries between, the 
Tropicks at their annual periods ,• all the Rivers 
then overflowing their Banks. This is a thing (b 
well known to all who are any way acquainted 
with the Torrid Zone, that the caufe of the over- 
flowing of the Nile, to find out which the Ancients 
fet their wits fo much upon the rack, and fancied 
melting of Snows, and blowing of Etefi^ty and I 
know not what, is now no longer a fecret. For 
thefe floods muft needsdifcharge themfelves upon 
fuch low Lands as lie in their way ; as the Land of 
Egypr does with refpefl: to the JNi/^, coming a great 
way from within the Torrid Zone, and falling 
down from the higher Ethiopia. And any one who 
wilj^be at the pains to compare the time of the 
Land flood in Egjpt^ with that of the Torrid Zone 
in any of the parts of \t along which the Nik runs, 
will find that o£ Egypt (o much later than the other, 
as 'twill be thought reafcnable to allow for the 
daily progrefs of the Waters along fo vaft a traiSt 

of 



ftvbds in the Torrid Zone. 55 

of (jround. They might have made the fame ^.1688 
wonderment of any other Rivers which run any 
long courfe from out the Torrid Zone : but they 
knowing only the North Temperate Zone, and 
the Nik being the only great River known to come 
thither a great way from a Country near thcLine^ 
they niade thai- only the fubjed of their enquiry : 
but the fame efFeft rauft alfo follow from any 
great River that fhould run from out of the Torrid 
2jone into the South Temperate Zone. And as 
to the Torrid Zone, the yearly floods, and their 
cauie, arc every where as well known by people 
there, as the Rivers themfelves. In America par- 
ticularly, in Camfeachy Rivers, in Kio Grande^ and 
Others, 'tis a vaft havock is made by thefe floods ; 
bringing down fometimes Trees of an incredible 
bignefs ,• and thefe floods always come at the ftated 
fea(bn of the year. In the dry part of Feru^ along 
the coafts of Pacifick Sea^ where it nevet rains, as 
it feldom does in Egypt ^ they have not only Floods, 
but Rivers themfelves, made by the annual falling 
of Rain on the Mountains within Land; the 
Channels of which are dry all the refl: of the year. 
This I have obfcrv'd concerning the River Tlo, on 
the Coaft of Peru, in my former Volume, p. 95*. 
But it has this difference from the Floods of Egypt ^ 
that befides its being a River in the Torrid Zione, 
'tis alfo in South Latitude j and fo overflows at a 
contrary feafon of' the year ,• to wit, acfuch time 
as the Sun being in Southern Signs, caufes the 
Rains and Floods dn that fide the Line. 

But to return from this digreffion, in Jugufi ch^ 
weather at Tonquift is more moderate, as to heat or 
wet, yet not without fome (howers, and Septemhef^ 
2LnAOSolfer are more temperate ftill : yet the worft 
weather in all the year for Seamen, is in one of th6i 
; months laft mentioned : for then the violent 
Storms , called Tuffooni , ( Tyfhones ) are ex- 

D 2 pe(f^ed.* 



3 8 A Famine at Malabar and Cordmondel. 

W».i688 tries are generally very dry^ and lefs produdive of 
Rice then Tmquin. Neither are there fuch largo 
Rivers to fatten the Land : but all their Crop de* 
pends on Seafons of Rains only/ to moiften the 
earth : and when thofe feafons fail, as they^o 
very often^ then they can have no Crop 
3t all. Sometimes they have little or no 
rain in 5 or 4 years ^ and then they perifh 
at a lamentable rate. Such a Fa^iine as this 
happened ^ or ; years before my going to Fart St, 
George^ which raged fo fore, that thoufands of 
people perifhed for want, and happy were they 
that cou'd hold out^ till they got to the Sea- port 
Towns, where the Europeans lived, to fell themfelves 
fo them, tho they were fure to be tcanfported 
from their own Country prefently. But the fa- 
niine does never rage fo mnchztTonquin^htithtt may 
their greateft Icarcity be fo truly called a Famine ; 
for in the worft of times th^re is Rice, and 'tis thro 
the poverty of the meaner people, that fo many 
perift, or fell their Children, for they might elfq 
have Rice enough, had they money to buy it with ; 
and when thpir Rice is thus dear, all other provi- 
^ons are fo proportionably. 

There is a further difference between the Coun- 
tries oiMalabar and Coromandely and this of Tonquin^ 
that therp the more Rain they have there, the 
greater is their bleffing: but here they may have 
too much rain fqr the lower part of the Kingdom j 
bqc ih^t is rare. When this happens, they have 
Banjks to keep In the Rivers, and Ditches to drain 
the Land,' thp fometimesto little purpofe, when 
the floods are violent, an^ el^Jepially if out of fea* 
fon. For if th^ flppds come in their feafons, 
tho they are great, and f^rowri all the Land, 
yet are they not hurtftil j but on ^h^ contrary, very 
beneficial, becauf^ the mud %hH phey leave behind 
fatten?, jbp J-^^r Afid sftfr^^li if fbf Ipw Lan4 




Th poor people of Tonquin. ga 

fliouid be injured by the floods, the dry Champion yf». 1688 
Laiid yields the better increafe, and helps out the 
otherjasthat does them aifo in more kindly fealbns. 
In the dry feafons the low Lands have this ad- 
vantage^ that Channels are eafilv cut out of the 
River, to water themontach fiae. So that let the 
Seafonsbe wet or dry. this Country feldom fuffers 
much. Indeed confidering the number of its inha« 
bitants, and the poverty of the major part, it is 
fometimes here, as in all populous Countries, very 
hard with the poor, eipecially the Trades people 
in the large Towns. For the Trade is very uncer- 
tain, and the people are imployed according to the 
number of Ships that come thitheri to fetch away 
their Goods : and if but few Ships come hither^, 
as fometimes it happens, then the poor are ready 
ta famiflifor want of work^ whereby to get a fub- 
fiflance. And not only this, but moft Silk Coun- 
tries are fiockt with great multitudes of poor peo- 
ple, who work cheap and live meanly on a little 
Rice : which if it is not very cheap, as it com- 
monly is here, the poor people sire not able to 
maintain themfelv^s. 



P4 CHAP. 



4© "^^e Jnhahitaaff of Tonqiun, 



CHAP HI. 

Of the Natives of Tonc;uin .• Their Form^ Difl 
polition^ Capacity ^Cloaths^ Buildings^ Villages^ 
Groves^ Banks 'i Ditches^ and Gardens* Of 
Cachao, the Capital City. Ovens to fecure 
goods from Fire ^ and other precautions againji 
it. The Streets of the Citj^ the Kings Pa^ 
laces ^ and Englifti and Dutch Fa&ories. An 
Artificial Mole above the City^ to break the 
force of the Land floods. Of their Wives and 
Com^Mn women. Feafls at the Graves of the 
Deady and Annual Feafis : their entertaining 
tpith Betle and Arek, e^c. Their Religitfny 
Idols y Pagods^ Priefls^ Offerings^ and Prdym 
^rs. Their Language and Learning. Their 
Mechanick Arts^ Trades^ Mannfacturfs^Com^ 
tnodities and TrafficL 

TOnquln is very populous, being thick fet wi th 
Villages j and jclie Natives in general are of a 
middle flature, and clean limb'd. They are of a 
Tawny i»^/>?i colour : but I think thefaireftand 
dearelt ?hat I ever faw of that Complexion: for 
you may perceive a blufh or change of colour in 
i[pr^e . of their faces, on any fudden furprize of 
paffion' J* which I couM never difcern in any other 
Indians, Their faces are generally flattifb, aad of 
an oval form. Their nofes and lips are prpportio- 
Tjable enough, and altogether graceful. Their 
hair is black, long and lank, and very thick j and 

'^hey vveaf it hanging dowix tp their fhoulders. 

♦ • ■-' " , ' 1 ■ ■ • - ■ 

Their 



: Blachfng of Teeth ^ a great Beauty. "^^i 

Their teeth are as black as they can make them ;/^»« 1688 
for this being accounted a great ornament, they 
dye them of that colour, and are 5 or 4 days doing 
it. They do this when they are about 12 or 14 
years old, both Boys and Girls : and during all the 
time of the operation they dare not take any nov^ 
rifhment, befides Water, Chau, or fome liquid 
thiiig, and not much of that neither, for fear, 
I judge, of being poylon'd by the Dye, or Pig* 
ment. So that while this is doing they undergo 
Fery fevere Penance : but as both Sexes^, fo all 
Qualities, the poor as well as the rich, muft be in 
this fafhion : they lay they Jhould elfe be like 
Brutes ,* and that 'twould be a great fhame to them 
to be like Elephants or Dogs ,• which they com* 
pare thofe to that have white teeth. 

They are. generally dextrous, nimble, and adive,- 
andingeniousinany Mechanick fcience theypro- 
fefs. This may be feen by the multitude of fine 
Silks that are inade here j and the curious Lacker* 
work , that is yearly tranlported from thence. 
They are alfo laborious and diligent in their Cal- 
lings : but the Country being fo very populous, 
many of them ar^ extrenae poor for want of em- 
ployment : and tho the Country is full of Silk, 
and othet materials to work oa, yet little is done, 
but when ftrangc Ships arrive* For 'tis the Money 
and Goods that ^re brought hither, efpecially by 
' the Englijh and DuPcb^ that puts life into them : 
fyv the Hap^icrafcs men have not Money to fet 
tbcmfelves.tq^wprki an(i the Foreign Merchant? 
are therefore. £^rc'd fo (rufi them with advance- 
money, to the valtieof at leaft a third, or half 
their goods j and this for 2 or ; qnonths or more, 
befpr^ (liey'have piade their goods, and thought 
fhem io« So (hat they havipg no Goods ^eady by 
them^ till they have Money from the Mcrchan; 
Itcangers, jlje Ships ll^at tr^d? bKhqrwuil ofne- 




42 Gaming. Chathing iif the Tonqainefc. 

-^».l688ceffity ftay here all the rime that their Goods are 
making, which are commonly y or 6 months. 

The Tofiujmnefe make very good Servants ; I 
think the beft in India. For as they are generally 
apprehenfive and docil, fo are they faithfel when 
ttred, diligent and obedient. Yet they are low 
fpirited : probably by reafon of their living under 
an Arbitrary Government, They are patient in 
labour, but in ficknefs they are mightily dejedred, 
ITiey have one great fault extreme common among 
them, which is gaming. To this they are fo uni« 
verfally addicted, Servants and all, that neither 
th« awe of their Mafters nor any thing elfe is fuf- 
ficient to reftrain them, till they have loft all they 
have, even their very Cioaths. This is a reigning 
Vice amongft the Eaftern Nations, efpecialfy the 
Chinefe^ as I faid in the i yth Chapter of my former 
Volume. And I may add, that the Cbineje I found 
fettled at Tontpin^ were no lefe given to it than 
thofe I met with clfewhere* For after they have 
loft their Money, Goods, andCloaths^ they will 
ftake down their Wives arid Children : and laftly, 
^% the de^reft thing they have, will play upon 
tick, and mortgage their Hair upon honour : And 
whatever it coft *em/they will be fure to redeem it. 
For a free Chtnefcy as thefe are, who have fled 
from the Tartars^ would be as much a/ham'd of 
ihort Hair, as a Totujimnefi of white Teeth. 

TheCloathsof the Tmqui^ef: are made cither of 
Silk or Cotton, The poor people and Soldiers do 
chiefly wear Cotton cloath died to a dark tawny 
colour, The rich men and ManJarins commonly 
wear Englifh Broad-clcath : the chief colours dre 
red or green, When they appear before the King, 
they wear long Gowns which reach down to their 
heels: neither may any man appear in his pre* 
fence but in fuch a garn. The great men have 
ftlfo long Caps rRade of th^faro? t^attjjeir Gowns 

«F9 



Tbiir Houfis and FmrnitHn^ 4| 

are Made of: bat the middle fort of men and the An.x6%% 
poor commonly go bare-headed. Yet the Fiflier- 
men^ and fuch Labourers as are by their emi^oy- 
ments more expofed to the weather^ have broad 
britn'd Hats, made of Reed^ Straw^ or Palmeto- 
leavesw Tbefe Hats are as ftiiFas boards, and fk 
noe plyant to their beads : lor which realbn they 
have Bandftrings or Necklaces fattened to theiff 
Hatsj which coAiing under their chins are there 
tyed, to keep their Hats fafl: to their heads. Thefe 
Hats arc very ordinary things ; they feldom wear 
them but in rain y weather; Their other Cloaths 
are vary few and mean : a ragged pair oi Britches 
commonly iuffi'ceth them. Some have bad Jackets^ 
but neither Shirt, Stockings, nor Shooes. 

ThcToftqtmtfe buildings are but mean. Their 
Houfes are imail and low : the Walls are eidier 
Mud, or Waitle bedawbed over : and the Roofs 
are diacched, and that very ill, efpecially in the 
Country, The Houfes are too low to admit of 
Chambers ,• yet they have here 2 or ; partitions 
on the ground floor, made with a watling of Canes 
or Stick,, for (heir feveral ufes; In each of which 
there is a Window to let in the light. The Win- 
dows are only fmall fquare hdes in the Walls^ 
which they fhut up at night with a Board, fitted 
for that purpofe. The Rooms are but megnly fur- 
niffied ; with a poor Bed or two (for more, accord* 
ing to the bignefs of the family) in thclnner Room^ 
The outer Rooms are furnifli'd wiph Stools , 
Benches, or Chairs td fit on^ There is alfo a Ta* 
ble, and oh die fide a little A]tar, with two In- 
cenfe- pots on it : nor is any Houfe without its 
Alcan One of thefe Incenfe-pots has a fmall bun - 
die of Ruihes in it ; the ends of which I always 
rook notice had been burnt, and the fire put our. 
This outer Room is the place where they common- 
ly drefs ^heir food ; yet in fair weather jhey do 15 



44 Tillages^ Groves^ Banks ^ and Ditches. 

i4»i688 as frequently in the open air, at their doors, or in 
their, yards -^ as being thereby the lels incommoded 
by heat or finoak. 

They dwell not in lone boufes, but together in 
Villages : 'tis rare to iee a fingle houfe by itfelf. 
The Country Villages commonly confift of 20, 
;o, or 40 houfes, and are thick featcd over all the 
Country ; yet hardly to be feen till you come to 
their very doors , by reafon of the Trees and 
Groves they are furround.ed with. And tis as rare 
to lee a Grove without a Village, in the low Coun- 
try near rhe Sea, a§ to fee a Village without a 
Grove : but rhe high Lands are full of Woods, and 
theVillages there (tand all as in one great Foreft. 
The Villages and Land about them do moil belong 
to great men, and the Inhabi^tants are Tenants 
that manure and cultivate the ground. 

The Villages in thelowLand are alfo furround^ 
ed' with great banks and deep ditches.' Thefcin- 
compals the whole Grove, in Which each VlUage 
ftands. : 

The banks are to keep the water from ,dver- 
flowing their gardens, and from comingioto their 
houfes in the wet time, when all the Land about 
them is under water,2 or ; foot deep* Theditches 
or trenches are to preferve the water in the dry- 
time, with which they water their gardens when 
needrequires. Every man lets water at pleafure, 
by little drains that run in\*ard from the/ Town- 
ditch, into his own garden ,• and ufually each 
raans yard or garden is parted from his neighbours 
by one of thefe little drains on. each fide. Tiie 
houles^ lie fcattering up and down in the Grove ^ 
no where joyning to one another, hut each apart, 
and fenced in with a fmall h^dge. Every houfe 
hath a fniall gate or flile to enter into the. garden 
firft, for the houfe ftands in the middle of it : and 
the garden run$ alfo. from thcb^ck&de of theboufs^ 



t ■. > 



Dirty Gardens, Cachao. ' 45 

to the Town-Ditch, with its drain and hedge on/in.t68i 
each fide. In the gardens every man has his own 
Fruit-trees, as Oranges, Limes, Betle, his Puiipkins, 
Melons, Pincr apples, and a great many Herbs. 
In the dry teafon thefe Grovy dwellings are very 
pleafant ,• but in the wet feafon they are altoge- 
ther uncomfortable : for tho fenced in- thus with 
banks, yet are they like fo many Duck-houfes, all 
wet and dirty : neither can they pais from one 
Village to another, but mid-leg or to their knees 
in water, unlefs fometimes in Boats, v/hich they 
keep for this purpofe : but notwitbftanding thefe, 
they are leldom out of mire and wet, even in the 
midft of the Village or Garden, lo long as that 
feafon lafts. The Inhabitants of the higher part 
of the Kingdom are not troubled with fuch incon* 
veniencies, but live more cleanly and comfortably^ 
foraCnuch as their Land is never overflown with 
water ; and tho they live alfo in Villages or Towns 
as the former, yet they have no occafion to fur- 
round them with banks or trenches, but lie open 
to the Foreft. 

The Capital City Cacbao, which ftands in the 
high Country, about 80 milesjfrom the Sea,on the 
Weft fide of the River, and on a pretty level, yet 
rifing ground, lies open in the fame manner, with- 
out wall, bank, or ditch. There may be in Cachao 
about 20000 Houfes. The Houfes are generally 
low, the walls of the Houfes are of mud, and the 
covering thatch, yet fome are built with brick, and 
the covering with pantile. Moft of thefe Houfes 
have a yard or backfide belonging to them. In 
each yard you fhall fee a fmall arched building 
made fomewhat like an Oven, about 6 foot high, 
with the mouth on the ground. It is built from 
top to bottom with brick,all over daub'd thick with 
mud and dirt. If any houfe wants a yard, they 
have neverthelefs fuch a kind of Oven as this, but 

fmatler,^ 



46 Prec^tibHs againfi Pirei 

W». 1 68 8 frailer, fct up in the mid<Jle of theHoufe it felf: 
and there is fcarce a houfe in the City with- 
out one. The ufe of it is to thruft their chiefeft 
goods into, when a Fire happens ; for thefe low 
thatqh'd Houles are very fubje<a to take fire, elpe- 
cially in the dry times, to the deftru<5tion of many 
Houfes in an inftant, that often they have fcarce 
time tof^ure their goods in the arched OVens, tho 
fo near them* 

As every private perfon hath thi$ Contrivance, 
to fecure his own goods, when a Fire happens, fa 
the Government hath carefully ordered neceffary 
means to be ufed for the preventing of Fire, or 
extinguifhing it before it gets too great a head. 
For in the beginning of the dry feafon, every man 
inuft keep a great Jar of water on the top of his 
Houfe, to be ready to pour down, as occa/ion fhall 
ferve. Befides this, he is to keep a long pole, 
With a basket or bov^fl at the end of it, to throw 
water out of the Kennels upon the houfes. But 
if the Fire gets to fuch a head, that both thefe ex- 
pedients fail, then they cut the ftraps that hold the 
Thatch of the Houfes, and let it drop from thel 
lifters to the ground. This is done with little 
trouble ^ for the Thatch is not laid on asours, nei- 
ther is It tyed on by fingle leaves, as in the Weji 
Indies^ and many parts of the £^ IW/V, where they 
Thatch with Palmeto or Palm tree leaves : but this 
is made up in Panes of 7 or 8 foot fquare, before it 
is laid on ; fo that 4 or 6 Panes more or lefi, accor- 
ding to the bignefi of the Houfe, will cover one 
fide of it : and thefe Panes being only faftned in a 
few places to the rafters with Rattans, they are ca- 
fi!y cut, and down drops half the covering at once^ 
Thefe panes are alfo better than loofe thatch, as 
being more managable, in cafe any of them ftpuld 
fall on or near near the Oven where the Goods 
are i for they are eafily dragg'd off to another 

place. 



Streets $f Cachao, ani 'B^Ucts. 47 

place. The Neighbouring Houfes may this way ^^.1688 
be (bon uncovered^ before the flame comes to them • 
and the Thatch either carried away, or at leaft 
laid where it may burn by itfelf. And for this 
purpofe every man is ordered to keep a long Pole 
or Bambo at his door, with a Cutting- hook at the 
end of it, purpofely for uncovering the houfes x 
and if any man is found wijthout his Jar upon the 
houie, and his Bucket- pole and long Hook at his 
door, he will be puniln'd fevercly for his negle^. 
They are rigorous in exaAing this : for even with 
all this caution they are much and often damaged 
by Fire. 

The principal ftreets in this City are very wide, 
tho fome are but narrow. They are moft of them 
pav'd, or pitch'd rather, with fmall Stones; but 
after a very ill Qianner. In the wet feaion they 
are very dirty ^ and in the dry tinie there are ma- 
ny ftagnant ponds, and fome ditches full of black 
{linking mud, in and about the City. Thismakea 
it unpleafant, and a man would think unwhple- 
fometoo : yet it is healthy enough, as far as Iper- 
ceiv'd, or could ever learn. 

The Kings of Tan^mn^ who make this City 
their conftant Refidence, have two or three Pa- 
laces in it, fcch as they be. Two of them are 
very mean ,• they are built with timber, yet have 
they many great Guns planted in Houfes near 
them. Stables for the Kings Elephants MdHorfes, 
and pretty large fquare Ipots of ground for the 
Soldiers to draw themfelves up regularly before 
him. The third Palace is call'd the Palace Rojfal 
It is more magnificently built than the other two: 
yet built alfo with timber, but all open, as die 
Divans in Turky are faid to be. The wall that in- 
compafleth it is moft remarkable. It is faid to be 
; leagues in circumference. The height h of this 
Wall is about i j* or 16 foot, and almoft as many 

broad 



48 Paldce Royal En^\iih FMory. 

'j^n.i6S8 broad or thick. It is faced upon biitli fides with 
Brick : there are feveral fmall Gates to go , in and 
out at, but the main Gate faceth to the City. This 
they fay is never opened, but when the B&uaov 
Emperor goes in or comes out. There are twp 
imaller Gates adjoyning to it, one on eachfide^ 
which are opened on all occafions, for any con- 
cern'd there to pafs in and. out ,• but ftrangers are 
not permitted this liberty. Yet they may afcend 
to the top of the Wall, and walk round it ; there 
being ftairs at the Gate to go up by : and in fome 
places the Walls are fallen down. 

Within this Wall there ^re large Fifli-ponds, 
where alfo there are Pleafure- Boats for the Empe- 
rors diverfion. I ftiall defer fpeaking of him ^ 
•whofe Prifon this is rather than Court, till the 
next Chapter, where I fhall difcourle of the, Go*. 
vernment. , 

The houfe of the EngUjh Fadory, who are very 
few, is pleafantly feated on the North end of the 
City, fronting to the River. 'Tis a pretty hand- 
fome low built Houfe; thebeft that I faw in the 
City. There is a handfome Dining-room in the 
middle, and at each end convenient apartments 
for the Merchants, Fadors, and Servants belong- 
ing to the Company to live in, with other conve- 
niences. This Houfe ftands parallel with the Ri- 
vcrj and at each end of it, there are fmaller Houfes 
for other ufes, as Kitchin, Store-Houfes, &c. run- 
ing in a line from the great Houfe towards the 
River, making two Wings, and a fquare Court 
open to the River. In this fquare fpace, near 
the banks of the River, there ftands a [Flag-ftafFj^ 
purpofely for the hoyfipg up the Englifh Colours, 
on all occafions : for it is the cuftom of ourCoun- 
try men aboard, to let fly their Colours onSunJap, 
and all other remarkable days. 



A Mfik to keep off Land-floods. 49 

The IHitcb Fadory joyns to the Englifh FaAory ^».i688 
ton the South fide : I was never in it, and therefore 
can lay nothing of it. but what I have heard, that 
their ground is not fo large as ours, tho they are 
the longeft ftanders. here by many years; for the 
Englifij are, but newly removed hither from Hean^ 
where they rcfidcd altogether before. 

"jThere is nothing more in or about th(5 City 
worth noting, but only a piece of work on th0 
fame fide, up th<^ River. This is a mafly frame of 
Tittiber, ingeaioufly put together, and very arti- 
ficiatty placed on great piles, that are fet upright 
in the Riy-er, jilft by its banks. The piles are dri* 
ven firmly into the ground , clofe one by another .: 
land all the fpace between theril and the bank is 
filled up with ftones, and on them great Trees 
Jaid acfofs,and pinn'd feft at cachend to the piles : 
fo that the whole fabrick miift be moved before 
any part of it will yield; Thii piece of work is 
raifed about 16 or 17 foot aboVe the water in the 
diy time : but in the wet {eafon the floods come 
Wittiin 2 or \ foot of the topi It vvas made to 
reftft the violence of the water in the rainy fea- 
fon > .for the fti^eam then proifeth fo hard againft 
this place, that before this pite was built, it b:oke 
down the bank, and tbreatned to carry all before 
it, even to the ruining of the City, if this courfe 
had not timely been taken to prevent it. And fo 
much the rather, becaufe there is a large pond juft 
within Land, and low ground between it and the 
City ; io that had it niade but a fmall breach into 
the pond, it would have come even to the skirts 
of the City. And tho the City ftands fo high zi 
that the Land flbods never rfeach it,, jret the Land 
on which it ftahds being ^ a fori dT yielding Sand^ 
itould iibt l^-thoughk GApable of always refiiting 
Ibchviblihfed; \ For the natural iftoodsdo very bfteij 
^ikS gfdQl^hili^s in the River, breaking dqvvci 

£ one 



5© Thkving. Wives and ComtHon Womm^ 

-^».i688oiie'pointof Land, and making another point in 
the oppofite fide of the River j and that chiefly in 
this part of the Country^ where it is bounded with 
high banks : for nearer the Sea, where it prefently 
overflows, the floods do feldom make any confide- 
able change, and move more quietly. 

But to return to the peopte. They are cour- 
teous dnd civil to ftrangers^ efpecially the trading 
people : but the great men are proud, haughty 
and ambitious ; and the Souldiers very infolent. 
The poorer fort are very Thievi/h j iniomuch that 
the Fadors and Strangers that traflBck hither are 
forced to keep good watch in the night to fecure 
their goods, not wjthftanding thefevere punifliments 
they have againft Thieves. They have indeed great 
opportunities of Thieving, the Hoafes being fo 
(lightly built : but they will work a way under 
ground , rather than fail f andufe many fub- 
tle ftratagems. I am a ftranger to any ce- 
remonies ufed by them in Marriage , or 
at the. Birth of a Child, or the like, if they ufe 
any: Polygamy is allowed of in this Country, 
and they buy their Wives of the Parents. The 
King and and great Men keep feveral, as their 
Inclinations lead them, and their ability ferves* 
The poor are ftinted for want of means more 
than defire : for tho many are not able to buy, 
much lefs to maintain one Wife; yet noK>ft of them 
inake a fhift to get one, for here are fome very 
low prized ones^that are glad to take up with poor 
Husbands* But then in hard time$, the man muft 
fell both Wife and Children, to buy JRice to mainr- 
tain himfelf. Yet this is not fo. common here a« 
in fome places ; as I before obferved of the Mala^ 
^nr and Ccromandel . Co^^4 This G&ftom among 
them of buying Wives, eafily degenerates into thac 
ether of hiring Mifles, and gives great liberty to 
the youn^ Women, who oner themfelv^ of their 

own 



tVd»ief$ let §Ht to hire to Strdngeri. 51 

town accord to any ftrangers. who will go to their An.x6^% 
price. There ar6 of thehi or all priies, from 100. 
Dollars to 5: Dollars, and the refufe of all will be 
CarelTed by the poor Seamen* Such as the Lafcars^ 
who are Moors oi India ^ Coming hither/ in Yeifels 
from PGTt St: GecfgCy and other tolaces • Who yet 
have nothing to give them, but luch fragments of 
iFoodj.as their Commons Will afford. Even the 
great men of Tonqu^ will oiFer their Daughters to 
the Merchahts atid Officers^ tho their ftay is not 
likely to be above 5* or 6^ Months in the Country : 
neither are they affraid to be with Child by ff^ita 
men. for the Children . Will be much fairer than 
. their Mothers, and confequently of greater repute^ 
When th^y grow up,, if they be Girls* i^or is it 
any great charge to br^ed them here .: ^nd at the 
Worft if their Mothers are n6t able to maintain 
them, 'tis but felling thehi When thfey arc young.' 
But to return, the Women Who thus let thgmfelvQs 
t6 hire, if they have been fb frugal as to (ave 
what they have got bjjr'thefe Ipofe amours, they 
foon procure Itusbands,* ihat will love and efteem 
them wdll fenou^h : and theihfelves allb wilfprovb 
afterwards obedient and faithful WiveSi for 't?s 
faid, , that eved* while the^/ dre With llrange rs^ 
they are very faithful to them • efpeci^Uy to fucK 
as remain long in the Countiy, or makd ahnudl 
returns hither,, as the Dfikb generally dq. ' Many 
of thefe ^aye gotten good Eftates by thdr tonqam 
Ladies j aAd that chieffyby trufting theni with 
Money and <3oods« Fof in this poor Country, 'tis 
m great advantage to Watch the Market ;r and thefe 
female Merchants having ftocks will mightily im- 
prove them, taking their opportunities of baying 
raw Silk in the dead firtie of the yean With this 
they will eniplby the podJf people, when work is 
fcar(;e ; and gtt it cb'eaper and better done, thaii 
v^hen Ships are herd :for then every man being ein* 

E i ' ployddf 



5 a Puherdi Pile and Fedjl. 

^».i688ployeiiand in a hurry of bufinefs, he will have his 
price according to the hafte pf work. And by this 
means they will get their Goods ready againft tKe 
Ships arrive, and before the ordinary^working fea- 
fon, to the profit both of the M^rcKant and thiS 

. When 'i maii dyes hg is interred in his bwn LaniJ, 
For here are no cbmihQn Burying-places : ana 
within a month afterwards the friends ofthe de- 
ceafed, efpeci^lly if he^was the maftei: of the fami- 
ly, rnult mgkc a great Teaft of Flefh and Fruit at 
the Gr^vie.. ^is a, ^^bing belonging to the 
Prielts office 'to aflift aV this folemnicy'j they are 
alwa'yi there, and take t?are to fee that the friends 
of therdecQafed have It diily p^rfof medi To make 
this-Fefiff ^they -are obliged to fella pied; of Land^ 
;lio ^hey have Money, enough othferw?ys : which 
Mon^y they beftow in fuch things ais arp neceflary 
for the fplemnity, which is more or lefs,: according 
to the Qii ality . ©f the deceafed it he , WaS a. great 
man, 4^^^,^'^^ Tower df Wood erefted over the 
Graven it' may be 7 or 8 foot fqiiare, and built zo 
or 2j toi)t higH. Aboat 20 yards from the Tower, 
are uttle^Sheds bijiit'wuh' Stalls, to lay the.Provi^ 
fions On, bothofMeat'ahdFriiitSf of aU forts, aad 
that lii great plenty,* Thijherthe Qonntry people 
refort to fill their ' Bellksj ,-^r the Feaft feems .to oe 
free for all cbipers, atrieaft of the Neighbpurhood. 
-How it is dreft or dii^lButeij abotit J[ knownhot • 
.but there the People watt^tiirtis readyV Then the 
Prieft gets within jjjie Tpw^r, and climbs up to* 
to the tiop, and looimg put from thence, makes 
an oration to the People- below. After this the 
Prieff defcends, and then, they fet fire to the foun- 
dation of the Tower, burn it down to the'Ground .• 
and wheii this is done they fall totheiirMe^at^lifaw 
one * of thefe Grave-Feafts, whic-h I iball havtf 
clfewhcre occaii&n to mention^ 

^ ^ Th« 



The Pdftmes at the New^TearslFeafi, 55 

The Tonquiifefe hzve two Annual Feafts. The^;«.i688 
^hief is at the firft New Moon of the JSfew Tear : 
and their New Year begins with the firft New Moon 
that falls out after the middle oi January ^ for 
elfe that Moon is reckoned to the old year. At this 
time they make merry and re Joyce 10 or 12 days, 
and then ther$ is no bufineQ done^ but every man 
makes himfelf as fine as may be^e^ecially thecommon 
fort. Thefe fpend their time in gaming or fport- 
ing, and you ihall fee the Streets full of people, 
both Citizens and Country fplks^ gazing at feveral 
diverting eicercifes. Some fe^ up Swings in the 
Streets, and get money of thoffe chat will fwing in 
(hem. The Frames are contriv'd like ours in thft 
Fields about Lmdm in Holiday times ; but they 
who fwing ftand upright on the lower part of the 
Swing, which is only a ftick Handing on each end, 
being feftened to a pendulous rope^which they hold 
faft with their hands on each fide j; and cheji raife 
themfelves to fuch prodigious heighth, that if the. 
Swing fhould break they muft needs break their 
Limbs at beft, if not kill themfelves OHtright. 
Others Ipend their time in drinking. Their ordi- 
nary drink i§ Tea ; but they make themfelves mer- 
ry with hot Rack, which fometimes alfq they mix 
wifli their Tea. Either way it hath an odd nafty 
cafte, but is very ftrong : and is therefore much 
efisemed by them : elpecially at this time, whc?a 
they fo much devote themfelves to mirth, or mad^ 
U^ft, or even b^ftial drunkennels. The richer fort 
are more referred.: yet they will alfobevery merry 
at (his time.TheNobles treat their friends with gtpod 
cheer and the beft Rack ^^but indeed there is ^ none 
good' in this Countjcy. Yet fuch as they have tkey 
efteeoi as a great Cordial ; efpecially when Snakes 
qnd Scorpions have been infufedjhereinj, as I have 
been infbrn^d. This is not only accounted a great 
Cicj!:dial^ but aii antidote againft the I^eprofie^ and^ 
*" '^: ■ ^* "^ ^ '"^ E •; • ■eli. 



S4 Chmam, dpaft us^dmth^ctlc and Arek# 

'^.1^88 all forts of Poyfon ; an4 'tis accounted a great piece 
piF refp?<9: to any one to treat hiih with this Liquor 
I had this relation from one that had been treated 
tlius by many of the great men. They alfo at this 
tln\e more elpecially chew abundance of Betle, 
and make prelents thereof to one another. 

The Beple Leaf is the great entertainment in the 
Eaft for all Vifitants ; and 'tis always given with 
the Arek folded up in it. They make up the Arek 
in pellets fit for ufe, by fir ft peeling off the outer 
green hard rind of tl^e Nuts, and then fplitting ic 
lengthways in 3 or 4 parts, moreor4efs, according 
to its bignefs. Then they dawb the Leaf all over 
with Cblnam or Lime made into a NIof ter or Pafte ^ 
and kept in a Bqx for .this puf-ppfe, fj^reading ii 
thin. 

And here by the way I fliall take notice of a 
flip in my former Volume, p. 3 1 8, which I dcfire 
may be correded : the Nut being there by miftake 
cairdthe Jetle, andthe Arek-treecall'd.theBetle- 
tree, whereas Betk is the name of the Leaf they 
chew, In this Leaf, thus fpread with Ci/^^w, they 
roll up a flice oi Arek-NutyWQxy neatly, and make 
a pellet of about an inch long, and as big as the 
top of ones finger. Every man here has a Box that 
will hold a great many of thefe pellets, in which 
they keep a ftore ready made up i for all perfons, 
of what quality foever, from the Prince to the 
Beggar, chew abundance of it; The poorer fort 
carry a fmall pouchful about with them : But the 
Mandarins^ or great rrien, have curious oval Boxes^ 
made purpofely for this ufe, that will hold y o or*^ 
60 Betle pellets,' Thefe Boxes are neatly lacker'd 
and gilded, both infide and outfide, with a covei5 
to take ofFj and' if any f^j^^ng®^ '^ifits them, efpe- 
cially Europeans y tHey are ^u^Ci artiong other good| 
entertainment, to be tre^!; A with a Box of Betle; 
The Attendant tliat brij^^^^^ Mds it to the iefe 
- .. . ^ ^^^v jr \ '^ *^ hand 



/ 



Pre/enls i?/ Be tic and Entertainments. 55 ' 

hand of the ftranger ; who therewith caking ofF^;7.T688 
the cover, takes with his right hand the Nuts oyt 
of the Box. 'Twere an affront to take thetn, or 
give or receive any thing with the left hand^ which. 
i$ confin'd all over India to the viler ufes. 

It is accounted good breeding to commend the 
tafte or neatnefs of this prefent j and they all love 
to be flatter'd, You thereby extremely pleafe the 
mafter of the houfe, and engagfe him to be your 
friend : and afterwards you may be fure he will 
not fail to lend his Servant with a prefent of Betle 
once in two or three niornings, with a complement 
to know how you do. This will coft you a fmall 
gratuity to the Servant, who joyfully acquaints his 
Mailer how gratefully you received the prefent ; 
and this ftill engages him more i and he will cot^- 
plement you with great refped: whenever he meets 
you. I wa§ invited to one of thefe New-years 
Feafts by one of the Countrey, and accordingly 
WQnt^ampre, as many other Seamen did upon like 
invitations, I know not what entertainment they 
had ; but mine was like to be but mean, and there* 
fore I prefently left it. The ftaple Drfh was Rice, 
which I have faid before is the common food : 
JSefides whidi, my friend, that he might the better 
entertain me and his other guefts, had been in the 
morning a fifliingin a Pond not far from his houfe, 
and had caught a huge mefs of Frogs, and with 
great joy brougj^hcm home as foon as I came to 
his houfe. I wo;ider'd to fee him turn out fo ma- 
ny of thefe creatures into a Basket,- and asking 
him what they were for ? he cold me to eat : but 
how he dreft ihcm I know not ^ I did not like hisL 
dainties fo well as toftay and dine with him. 

The other great Feaft they have, is after their 
May cio^\s hous'd, about the beginning of jF^wc'. 
At this Feaft alfo they have publick Rejoicings ; 
but much inf^riour to thofe of cheirlN[cw y earsFeafi-^ 

E 4 Thct.v 



56 The Religion and Idols ^/ Tonquin. 

-^«.i688 Their Religion is Paganifm, and they are great 
Idolaters : Neverthelefs they own an omnipotent,' 
fupream , ovef -ruling power, that beholds both 
them and their adions, andfo far takes notice of. 
them, as to reward the good ^nd puniih the bad. 
in the other world. For they believe the immor- 
tality of the Soul: but the notion that they have 
of the Deity is very obfcure, Yet by the figures 
\vhich they make, reprefenting this God, they 
manifeftly fhew that they do believe him to excel 
in fight, ftrength, courage and wifdom, juftice, 
&c. For tho their Idols, which are rnadc in human 
fliapes are very different in their forms ^ yet they 
all reprefent fomewhat' extraordinary either in the 
countenance, or in the make of the body or limbs. 
Some are very corpulent and fat, others are very 
lean j fome alfo have many eyes, others as many 
hands, and all gralping fomewhat. Their afpecfts 
are alfo different, and in fome meafure reprefenting^ 
what they are made to imitate, or there is fome- 
what in their hands or lying by them, to illuftrate 
the meaning of the Figure, Several paflions are 
alfo reprefen ted in the countenance of the Image, 
as love, hated, joy, grief. I was told of oner 
Image, that was placed fitting on his Hams , with 
his Elbows refting on his Knees, jand hisChinreft- 
ing on his 2 Thumbs, for the fupporting his Head, 
which lookt drooping forwards: his Eyes were' 
mournfully lifted up towardsH£ayrt5fj a-nd the figure 
wasfo lean, and the countenance an?l whole compo- 
fure was fo forrowful, that it was enough to move 
the beholder wich pity and compaffion. My Friend 
faid he was much affeded with the fight thereof. 
There are other Images alfo, that are in the 
fhape of Beafts, either Elephants or Horfes ; for I 
have not feen them in any other fiiape, 'The fagor^ 
Jas or Idol Temples, are not furaptuous and mag-r 
pificent,as in fon^e of the Neighbpuring |vingdoms.j 



%^e Pagodas or Temples. The Prieji^. 57 

They are generally built with Timber, and arc 4nA6S9 
but unall and low : yet moftly covered with Pan- ^ 
tile ^efpeeially the City Pagodas. But in the Coun- 
try fonae of them are thatched. I faw the Horfe 
and Elephant Idols only in the Country : and in- 
deed I faw none of the Idols in the City Cachao^ 
but was told they were generally in humane fhapes. 

TheHorfe and Elephant Images I faw, were 
both forts about the bignefs and height of a good 
Horfe, each ftahding in the midft of a little Tem- 
ple, fuft big enough to contain them, with their 
tieads towards theDoor: ^nd fometimes one, fome- 
tiriies two together in a Temple, which was always 
open* There were up and down in the Country 
other buildings,fuch asP^^^/i//,orTemples,Tombs,or 
the like,lefs than thefe ; and not above the heighth 
of a man : but thefe were always (hut fo clofe, that 
I could not fee what was within them. 

There are many Vagan Priefts belonging to thefe 
Tagodas, and 'tis reported that they are by the 
Lawstyed up to ftr 161: rules of living ^ asabftinence 
from Women, and ftrong drink e^ecially and en- 
join'd a poor fort of Life. Yet they don't feem 
to confine themfelves much to thefe Rules : but 
their fubfift an ce being chiefly from OiFerings, and 
there being many ot them, they are ulually very 
poor The offering to thePrieft is commonly 2 or ? 
handf uls of Rice, -a box' of Betle, or forae fuch 
like prefent. One thing the people reforc to them 
for Is fortune-telling, at which they pretend to be 
very expert, and will be much o^nded if any 
difpute their skilUn that, or the truth of their Reli-* 
gion. Their Habitations are very little and mean, 
clofe by the Pagodas , where they conftantly attend 
to offer the petitions of the poor people, that fre-' 
quently relort thither on feme fuch erra^nd. For 
they have no Tet times of Devotion, neither da 

they feem to efteem one day above another , except 

•■■••■ ' , , • ^ •■ ■ ■■» ^- ... • 

" ' ' tuiir 



-58 The folcntuity ef their Prayers. 

jAi, 1 688 their Annual Feafts. The people bring to the 
Prieft in writing what Petition they have to make : 
and hd reads it aloud before the Idol, and after- 
wards barns it in an Incenfe-pot^ the fupplicant all 
the while lying proftrate on the Ground. 

I think the Mandarins ^nd richpe^^ple feldom come 
to the Pagodas , but have a Clerk of their own, 
who reads the Petition in their own Courts or 
Yards : and it fhould feem by this,that the Mandarins 
have a better fenfe of the Deity, than the common 
People • for in thefe Yards, there is no Idol, before 
whom to,perform the Ceremony, but 'tis done with 
Eyes lift up to Heaven. When they make this Pe- 
tition they order a great deal of' good meat to be 
drcft, and calling all their Servants into the Court, 
where the Ceremony is to be performed, they place 
the food on a table, where alfo zincenfe-potsare 
placed, and then the Mandarin prefents a paper to 
the Clerk, who reads it with an audible voice. 
In thefirft place there is drawn up an ample account 
of all that God has bleft him withal, as Health, 
Riches, Honour, Favour of his Prince, &c. and 
^ longl^ife, if he be old^ and towards the conclufion, 
there is a Petition to God for a continuance of all 
thefe bleffings, and a farther augmentation of them j 
efpecially with long life and favour of his Prince, 
which laft they efteem as the greateft of all Blef- 
fings. While this paper is reading the Mafter 
kneels down, and bows his face down to the Earth ; 
and when the Clerk has done reading it, he puts 
it to the burning Ruflies, that are in the Incenfe- 
pot , where 'tis confumed, Then he flings in ; or 
4 little bundles of facred .paper, which is very fine 
and gilded ,- and when/tha(alfo is burnt, he bids hi^ 
Servants eat the Meat, This Relation I had from 
an Englijh Gentlemen, whp ^inderftood the Lan« 
guage very well, and was prefent at fucb a Cere-, 
njony. This burning of paper fe9ms a great Cufton:\ 

■*'''' '■ ' ' among 



The TonquiBefe Language a$td Writing. 59- 

smong the Eaftern Idolaters : and in my former yiby.i 689 
Volume I obferved the doing fo by the Cbinefe^ in a 
facrifice they had at Bencoull. 

The Tonnuineft Language is fpoken very much 
through the throaty but many words of it are pro* 
nounced through the teeth. It has a great affinity 
to the Cbinefe Language^ efpecially the Fokien dia-^ 
led, as I have been inform'd : and tho their 
words are differently pronounc'd , yet they can 
underftand each others writings^ the chara&ers 
and words being fo near the lame. The Court 
Language efpecially is very near the Cbinefe ; for 
the Courtiers being all Scholars, they fpeak more 
elegantly ; and it differs very much from the vul- 
gar corrupted language. But for thQ ^Malaym 
Tongue^ which Moniieur Tavemiers Brother in his 
Hiflory oiThwiuin fays is the Court Language, I 
could never hear by any perfon that it is fpokea 
there, tho I have made particular enquiry about itj 
neither can I be of his opinion in chat matter. F09; 
(he TonqfAnefe have no manner of Trade with any 
Malayans that I could obferve or learn , neither 
bave any of their neighbours : and for what other 
grounds the Tmquinefe fKould receive that language 
I know not. It is not probable that cither Con- 
queft. Trade or Religion could bring it in j nor 
do they travel towards Malacca^ but towards Cbinai 
and commonly 'tis from one of thefe caufes that 
men learn the language of another Nation* 
The remarkable fmoothnefs of that Language, 
I confefs, might excite fome people to learil it ouc 
ofcurioHty : but the Tonquinefe are not fo curious. 
' They have Schools or Learning, and Narferies 
to tutor youths The Charaders they write: in arcj 
the fame with the C&'^ye, by what I could judge • 
and they write with a hair Penqil, not Htting at a- 
Table a$ we do, bqt ftanding upright. They hold 

fh^lr paper in one hand, and write with the other, 

„j r . ^ ^ ' -^ ■- . '-. ••.■■■ ■• - ■ j^j^j 



60 V "^heir Learning and Mechanick ArU^ 

^.i6S8 making their Charraders very exa<9t and fair; 
They write their lines right down from the top to 
the bottom, beginning the firft line from' the right 
hand, and fo proceeding on towards the left. Af- 
ter they can write, they are inftrufted in foch 
Sciences as their Mailers can tutor them in ; acd 
the Mathematicks are. much ftudied by them. They 
feem to underftand a little of Geotaetry and Arith- 
metick, and fomewhat more of Aftronomy. They 
have Almanacks among them : but I could not 
learn whether they are made in 7i»5a»»j or brought 
to them from Ci&i«^. 

Since the Jefuits came-intothefe parts, fome of 
them have improv'd themfelves in Altronomy 
pretty much. They know froni them the Revo- 
lutions of the Planets ^ they alfo learn of them, 
natural Philofophy^ arid elpecially Ethicks: and 
when young Students ar^ admitted or made Gran 
duates, they pafs thro. a very ftriA examination^ 
They compofe fomething by way of trial, which: 
they mud be careful to have wholly their own, 
for if it is found out tliat they have been affifted, 
they are punillied, degraded, and neMor admitte<l 
to a fecond examination. 

ThcTon^uineft have learntfeveral MechanickArts 
^nd Trades, fo that here are [many Tradefmen, 
^/jzs. Smiths, Carpenters, Sawyers, Joyners, Tur- 
ners, Weavers, Tailors^ Potters, Painters, Money* 
changers, Paper- makers. Workers on Lacker ware, 
Beilrfounders, &c.' Their Saws are moft in frames, 
and drawn forwards and backwards by two men. 
Money changing is a great prof eflion here. It is- 
ijianagedby Wonjen, who are very dextrous; and 
ripe in this employment. They hold their cabals, 
ip the night, and know how to raife their Caft as, 
well as the cunnineeft Stock-jobber in Lon-^ 



Commciiities akd Mknufk&m'es. - 6\ 

The T^g'fti^^/ilmaSke iiitJifFcrtnt gdod Paper, of -^»,i«88 
two forts. One fort isnfade of Silk, the other of' 
the ritfds of Trebsi. ^^ Thrsbeuigpoonitled well with 
wooden Peftlte tn. fclrge rTnoiigtis, ' make the Beft 
writing PiajJet; ^ ; '' '''''—: ^ 

The verfaibI^CdmnioaitiSit)Fthi3 Kingdom ane 
tjoid, Mu*, Silks, l^oth^J^rtiighy n'd raw, f^ 
CalHcoes/ Driii^s of many fdrb/ Wood/forBving; 
Lackfer Wares ', Eirthen Ware*, S&!t, - Ahnifeed, 
Wormreed, '&'c\ there is -<buch Gold in this 
Country; It' is like the t?^/^^ t^oM; ^pirrc !asth4t 
oi Japan, ^ridlriucH finer: Eleiin br tWel vfe; T^ 
of Silver brings ope of Gold. A^ Tah is the Jiaifffe 
of a Itimiti of <iboit a Noble 'E^/. Befides, the raw 
Silk fetched JFr6m' hence j' Herfe dr.e fevera! .f6it§ 
of wrought Siiks 'rndde' for eitpoftation, mx/Z^^i- 

Tfi^^BltfAgsiandGaNj^s., ai^^ <ireach^R)rt'dtheif ^!aH 
or flo^e^f^d v^ry fleatly. 'iTitey vfriak'e'feveraf otHfir 
forts :6i Silk, 'fatit ihefe irk' ?l^^ priftcipal thit ai^ 
-l^tbyri.e|#/fe^ndi)^^ . •-- 

; : T^ie Ucker^;War6 that is mi&t ^ere/ is ttttf • Jn^ 
i^riou'r to dhyl^iii th^t of ^^ajya^ 'ohly*, WIitcHHsI 
efteerried the'heft |n theworW:^ ^xb^ t^epiife 

the 3?^;^» wooclts m?fcHbetreFth^A,'t«ii^ar?W^ 

Tof.thereteeT^slip^'HnV*^^^^^^ in 

.ihePaint brymiU'Ttitla^^^ is aibrt'.df 

gummy jmc^, whifeli^d?ali^$"6ui oflhe"^^ • 

'iHBbsbt jTrees: ttU^oiXQh inXii(^ 'fiii^n^^ihy 
(he Country pepplfe^ that' they daily bri^^g .^i)i^l^ 

J great Tiibsrto the Markers a^Cifc^^^^tO Tell,' efped- 
all^ ajl the wb Aih^ feafori. : The natural Cb\6m 
IS white, '^hd in fubftance thick like Cream;^;' but 
the air will change its colour, "and make it look 
blacfcifh. : and therefore the Country people that 
fifihg It to Town, cover it over with 2 or ; fliects 
ofpaper^^ or leaves, topreferve it in its freih native 
coloiln The Cabinets, Desks, i^r any fort^ of 

Frames 



63 Of the Lack$r*ware^ ^^4> MdTurpenttnii 

'Am 6%%^^^^^ to be Lackered , are made of Fir^ ot* 
Pone-tree : but the Joyners in this Country may 
not compare their work with that which the Eu^ 
ropeans make : and in laybg oh the I^ckupoa 
good or fine joy ned work they frequently fpoil thQ 
joynts^ edges, or corners of Drawers of Cabinets: 
.Befides, our faibions of iJtenfils differ mightily 
fromtheirs, and for that realbn Captain Pooh\ \n 
* his fecond Voyage to the Country, broug)bt an 
ingenious Joyner with him, to make f afhionable 
Co^mmodities to be lackered here, as alfo Deal- 
boards,which are much better than the Pone- wood 
of this Country. ; 

The Work-houfes where the Lacker is laid on, 

are accounted very unwholfom, by reaion of a 

poifonous quality, faid to be in the Lack, which 

fumes into the Brains through the Ndflrils of thbki 

that work at % making them Break otit in botches 

.and bilcs-j yet the fcent is not iftron^, nor the 

. fmell unfavory. The Labourers at this Tirade can 

work only in the d;y feafoh, or when the drying 

North Winds blowj fpf as theyvl^y feveral Goats 

.of Lack, one on smother, fo theie muft all have 

time to be throughly dry, befoi-e ah outer Coat 

. can be laid oh the former Jt groWsbJatkllh ofitferf, 

. when.expofed to the air^ but the colour i§heightned 

by' Dyf, and other* ingtedic^hts rhixt with it. 

;Wheh the outfide Poaf is dry , thfey ^blifh it tb 

. bf irig it to a ^IpCl This is'^doae chiefly by often 

Tubbing it with the ball or ' ^palm of th^eir Hands. 

Xh^y can make the Lack 6f any colour, and tenl- 

perit fo as to mak^ therevj/ith. good Glew, (kid 

,^p| be the bed in. the , world: It is ^alfo very 

^cheap, and prohibited exportation. They mate 

Varnifli alfo with the Lack, - 

Hece is alfo Turpentine in good plenty, * and very 
cheap. Our Captain bought a confiderable quan- 
tity tor the Ships ufe ; and of this the .Carpenter 

mad^ 



^rtheft Ware and Drugs, £o 

made good Pitchy and ufed it for covering thcAn.i6i8 
Scams after they were caulk'd. ^ 

The Earthen- ware of this C!iountry is courfe and 
of a grey colour, yet they make great quantities of 
fmaU Earthen Difhes^ that will hold half a pint or 
more. They are broader towards the brim than at 
the bottom, fo that they niay be flowed within 
one another. They have been fold byEuropMm, in 
many of the Malayan Countries, and for that realon 
Captain P^ol in his fir(l Voyage, bought the beft 
part of looooo, in hopes to fell them in his return 
homeward at Batavia } but not finding a market 
for them there, he carried them to Bencouli on the 
IRand Suntatray where he fold them at a great 
jprofit to Governor Bloon^ } and be alfo fold mod; 
of them at good iad vantage to the ' Kative 
Mdajans thcre^ yet fome thoufands were, flill at 
thcFort whe;n;I Cfaroe thither, the Country being 
glutted with them. Captain ^Wddon alfo bought ; o 
or 4ooroo, and carried them to Fm St. George^ but 
how he difpofed of them J know . not* The Cbim 
wares which are much finer, have of late (polled 
thefale of this Commodity in moft places: yet at 
Racian^ in the Bay of fien^^//, they are fiitl efteem'd^ 
and fell at a good rate. 

The feveral forts of Drugs bought and 'foldhere, 
are beyond my knowledge : but here is C^iffw root, 
Galingame, Rhubarb, Ginger, &c. Nehhec do I 
know whether any of tbefegrow in. this Country, 
for they are moftly imported from their, Nei^ 
bours j tho as to the Ginger, I think it grows 
there. Here is alfo a fort of Fruit or Berry laid to 
grow on (mall Bufhes, called by the Dutch Jnmfe^ 
becaufe its fcent and tafle is ftronglike that of the 
Annifeed.This Commodity, is oiily exported hence 
by the Dutch ^y who carry it to Batavia^ and there 
diftil it among their Arack,to give it an Anxiife^d 
flavour. This fort of Arack is not fit to make 
' ' Punch 



r 

€4 r Sappin-jrWj Wormjied^ Musky Rhuharh gcc; 

'*^. 1688 Punch with, neither is it ufcd that way, but fcr 
'want of plain Arack- It is only ufed to take a 
t)ram of by itfelf> by the DufriB chiefly , who in- 
ftead of Brandy,will {wallow large Doles of it, thb 
it be ftrong .: but 'tis alfo much ufed and efteemed 
all over the Eap InJies. 

There is one fort oT Dying wood in this Coun- 
hy much like the Campeacty Log->vood,tho whether 
the. fame , or Wood of greater v^lue, Jknow 
tiot. I haVe heard that tls c^Wcd SappanWoodi 
an4 that it comes from Siam. It was fmaller than 
vehat We ufually cut in the Bay of Can^tachy • for 
the biggeft ftick that I fa where was na bigger 
than jpy Leg, andmoft ofitmiich fmaller, and 
crooked.' They have other forts of Byes, but! 
can give no account of them. They dye leveral 
bolours here, but I have been told they are not 
laftinj^; They have many forts of good tall Tim- 
ber-trees in this^ Country^, fit for any forh of 
building: but^ by relation,'. Done, very durable. 
For Maftiiig the Fir arid Pone Threes are the beft 
Ilereismuch Worhifced, tmtit grows notintliis 
Kingdom. !t is brought from withih the Land, 
from the Kingdom ofBotaany or from thePfbvince 
bf2)i0i9i0, /bordering on this Kingdom, yet belong- 
ing to China: From thence comes the Musk and 
Rhubarb ; and thefe ; Commodities are faid to be 
peculiar to Soman and Timam. The Musk grows 
in the Cods of Goatsl The fame Countries yield 
Gold alfo,. and fupply this Country with it : i6x 
whatever Gold Mines the Tontjaincfe are faid to have 
in their own Mountains, yet they don't work up- 
on them. 

^ With all thefe rich Cbmmddttics, one would ex^ 
pedk the people to be rich ; but the generality ai^ 
very poor, confidering what a Trade is driven here! 
For they have little or no Trade by Sea theni- 
felVes, except for eatables, as Rice, and Fiflij 

whicn 



The TrM^i driven atltonqmn. 6^} 

V^hich is Ipent in the Country : but the main]rf».i688 
Trade of the Country is maintained by the Cbinefe/ 
Englijh^ Dutch ^- and other Merchant Strangers, 
who either refide here cohftantly, or make their 
annual returns hither. Thefe export their Gommo- 
ditifcs^ and import fuch as are vendible here^ The 
Goods imported hither beddes Silver, are Salt* 
peter, Sulphiir , English Broad-cloath, CloatK- 
rafhes^ (bme Callico.es, Pepper and other Spicesj^ 
Lead, great Guns, &c. but of Guns the long Saker 
ismofl: efteenled. For thefe Commodities you 
receive Money or Goods, according to contract; : 
but the Country is fo very poor, that, as I for- 
merly obferved, the Mercnant commonly ftays ^ 
or 4 months for his Goods, after he has paid for 
them ; becaufe the poor are not employ'd till 
Ships arrive in the Country, and then they are 
fet to work by the Money that is brought thither 
in them. The King buys great Gtl^s, and fome 
pieces of Broad cloath : but his pay is fo bad, that 
Merchants care not to deal with him, could they 
avoid it. Biit the trading people, by all accounts^ 
are honeft and juft : that I heard a man (ay, who' 

Sgd traded there ten years, in which time he 
ealt for many thoufands of pounds, that he did 
not in all that time lofe i o /« by them alK 



t CHAP^ 



6S I Tke Government of Tonquin^ 



C H A P IV- 

Of the GovernweHt of Tonquin. TheiKingf 
Boua and Choua; the Revolt of the Co* 
chinchinefe , and Original of the prejent 
conjiitution at Tonquin. Of the Boua's con* 
finement^ and the ChouaV or ruling Kings 
Perjon and Government ; and the Treafure^ 
Elephants and Artillery. Their manner .of 
making Gunpowder. Of the Soldiers^ their 
Armsy Employment , &c. Of the Naval 
Force^ their fine G allies and Management of 
them. The Watch kept in their Towns ^ their 
Jujiice^ and punift)ing of Debtors^ and CrU 
minals of all forts. Of the Eunuch Manda- 
rins : their promotion and Dijpojitions*, 
Of their /wearing upon a draught of Hens 
Blood : and tht Trial by bitter Waters in 
Guinea. OftbeMzndznmEntertainnfents: 
The Chop flicks ufed at Meals t, and their 
kjndnefs to Strangers. 

» - 

THis Kingdom is an abfplute Monarchy, but 
of fuch a kind as is not in the world again ; 
for It has two Kings, and each fupreme in his 
particular way : The one is called Boua, the other 
CA^«/i- which laft name I Iiave been told fignifies 
MafierJThcBoua and his Anceftors were thefoleMo- 
narchs oiTonqttin ; tho I know not whether as in* 
dependent Soveraigns, or as Tributaries to Chma^ 
of which they have been thought to have been a 
frontier Province, if not a Colony : for there is 
a great affinity between them in iheir Language^ 

Religion, 



The imo Kings Bona and ChawiV 6j 

feeligfoiij and Cuftoms. Thefe 2 Kings they have An.i6%Z 
at prefent , are not any way related in their 
I^eicene dr Fatnilies: nor could I learn how 
long th^ir Government has continued in thb 
gtetent form j but it appears to have been for (ome 
lucceffions. The occafion is varioufly reported j 
but fome give this account of it. 

The Bduds^ or antient Kings of Tanqutn, wcrt 
formerly Ma&ots oi Cecbincbina^ and kept that Na- 
tion in f ubjedion by an Army of Toffquimft con- 
flantly kept there^ under a General or Deputy^ 
who rated theih. When Cochmbina threw eff the 
Tar^qmnefe Yoak^ the King had two great Generals, 
one in Cochincblna^ and another in Tmtjuin itfelf; 
Thefe two Generals differing, he who was in 
Cocbinebina revoked from hisSoveraign ofT<mjuif$^ 
and by his power over the Army there, made 
faimfelf King of Cocbincbina : fince which thefe 
two Nations have always been at Wars* yet each 
Naticfn of lace is rather on the defenfnre part than 
on the offenfiVe. But when^ the General who 
Omimanded in Cocbincbina had beeii thus fuc- 
cefsful in his revolt from under the Boua, the 
Tanquimfe General took the Courage to do fo too j 
and having gained the affetftions of his Army, de- 
prived the Kling, his Mafter, of all the Regal 
power, and kept it wich all the Revenues of the 
Crown in his own hands : yet leaving the 6ther 
theTitle ofKingiprobably^becaufe of the great zeal 
the people had lOr that Family. And thus the 
Kingdom came wholly into the power of this 
Tanqmneft General, and his Heirs, who carry the 
Title of Ci&()i^; the Bonds 6i the antient Fami- 
ly having only the fhadow of that Authority diey 
were formerly Matters of The Boua lives the lite 
of a kind of a Prifdner of Stated; within the ojd 
Palace, with his Women and Children j and 
ditertS'himielf in Boats among his Fifh-ponds 

' F 2 withini 



i$ The dejpotick pwer $f the Choua. 

An,i6SSviith\t\ the Palace Walls, but never ftirs without 
thofe bounds. He is held in great veneration by 
all thtTonquinefey and feemingly by thcChoua alfo j 
who never offers any violence to him, but treats 
him with all imaginable refped. The people fay 
they have no King but Boua ; and feem to have 
fad apprehenfions ot the lofs they fliould have, if 
he flioutd dye without an Heir : and whenever 
the CboM comes into his prefence, which is 2 or 
4, dmes in the year, he uieth abundance of Com* 
pliments to him, and tells him that his very life 
is at his fervice, and that he governs and rales 
wholly to do him a kindnefs : and always gives him 
the upper hand. So alfo when any Ambaifadord 
are fcnt from rhe Emperor of China, they will 
deliver their MefTdge tp none but the Boua, and 
have their Audience of him* Yet after all this 
pageantry, the Bona has only a few Servants to 
attend him, none of the Mandarins make their 
Court to him, nor is he allowed any Guards : All 
the Magiftracy and Soldiery, Treafure, and the 
ordering of all matters of Peace and War, are en- 
tirely ^t the Clxmas difpofal ; all preferment is 
from htm, and the very Servants who attend the 
Boua, are fuch only as the Cboua places about him. 
Befides tbefe Servants, none are ever fuiFer'd to 
fee theBoua, much lefs Strangers : io that I could 
learn nothing as to his perfon. But as to the 
Chcua, I have been informed that he js an angry, 
iU-natured,leprousp6r(bn. He lives in the fecond 
Palace, Where he has ten or twelve Wives ; but 
what Children I know not. He governs with 
abfolute authority over the Subjects, . and with 
great tyranny : for their Lives, Goods, and Eftates 
are at his command. The Province of Tenehoa 
is faid to have belonged properly to his Anceftors, 
who were great Mandarins before the ufurpation. 
So that he now iieems to i;tavf a particular value 



The Hprfes^ Elefhunts^ and ArtiBery. 69 

fork, and keeps his Treafure there, which, hyJn.i689 
report, is very great. This Treafure is buried in 
great Cifterns fSl of Water, made purpofely for 
that ufe: and to fecure it, he keeps a great 
many Soldiers there ; and commits the charge^ 
both of them and the Tieafuie to the Governour 
of theProvincc, who is one of his principaiEunuchs. 

The Cboua has always a ftrong guard of Soldiers 
about his Palace, and many large Stables for his 
Horf^s and Elephants. The Horfes are about i j 
pr . 14 hands high, and are kept very fat : there 
arc 2 or 500 of them. The Elephants are kept 
Ifi long Stables by thcmfelves, each having a pecu- 
liar room or partition, with a Keeper to drcls and 
feed him. The number of the |ftings Elephants 
are about lyo or 200. They are watered and 
wafhed every day in the River. 

Some of the Elephants are very gentle and go- 
vernable> others are more indocii and unruly, 
When thefe rude ones are to pafs through the 
Streets, tho only to be watered , the Rider or 
Dreffer orders aGong or Drum to be beaten before 
him, to warn People that an unruly Elej^ant is 
coming ,• and they prefently clear the Streets 
and give a paffage for the Beaft j who will do mif- 
chief to any that are in the way, and their Riders 
or Keepers cannot reftrain him. 

Before the Chouas Palace, there is a large parade^^ 
orfquare place fortbQ Soldiers to be drawn up. On 
one fide there is a place for the Mandarins to fit, 
and fee the Sioldiers excrcife, on the other fide 
there is a fhed, wherein all the Cannon and heavy 
Cjun§ are lodged. There may be jo or 60 Iron 
Guns frohn Falcon to Demy-Culverin,- 2 or ; 
whole Culvcnnpr Demi- Cannon, and feme old 
Iron Mortars lying on logs. Thq Guns are mount- 
ed on their Carriages, but the Carriages of thele 
C^yns qre old and very ill .made. There is on^ 

F 5 great 



JO The Weapons and Soldiery i^/Tonqnin 

!^»-i688greatBrafsGun, much bigger than the reft, fup- 
'"^""^ pofed to be 8 or 9000 pound weight. It is of a 
taper bore j of a foot diameter at the mouth, but 
much fmaller at the britch. It \% an ill fhaped 
thing, yet much eftemeed by them i probably be- 
caufe it.was cafthere,and thebiggeft that ever they 
made. It was caft about 12 or i ; years ago, and it 
being {b heavy ,tbey cou'd not contrive to mount it, 
but were fceholding to the Englijh, to put it into 
the Carriage ,• where it now ftands more for a 
fhow than lervice. But tho this is but an ordinary 
piece ofworkmanfliip, yettheTi;j^«/»^yeunderftand ' 
how to run Metals, and are very expert in temper- 
ing the Earth, whereNyith they make their moiild« 
Thefe are all thegreat Guns, that I faw or heard 
of in this Kingdom, neither are here any Forts, 
yet the King keeps always a great many Soldiers* 
^Tis faid that be has always 70 or 80000 conftant^ 
ly in pay, Thefe are moft Foot, they are arm'4 
with C«rr4»i or Sword, and Hand Guns of; foot 
and an half or 4foot in ;heBarrel,The bore is about 
the bignelsof pur Horfe Piftols^they are all Match- 
locks, and they are very thick and heavy. Thp 
Soldiers do all make their own Powder, They 
have little Engins for mixing the ingredients, and 
make as fmall a quantity as ihey pleafe. They 
Icnow not how to corn it, and therefore it is in 
unequal lumps, fome, as big as the top of a mans 
iThumb, aud fome no bigger than a white Pea : 
neither have I feen any Powder well corn'd, that 
has been ipade in any of thefe Ealtern Nations. 
The Soldiers have each a Cartage Box, covered' 
with leather, after the manner of the /fe/ Ww^ 
Privateers : but inftead of Paper Cartages, thefe . 
are filled with (mall hollowCanes,each containing a 
Ipad or charge of Powder i which they empty out of 
the Cane into the Gun j fo that each Box has in it, 
as it w?re,fp many Pandeieers. Their Arms arc kept 

very 



Goad Uafers good Soldier s.^^ yi 

very bright and clean ; for which purpofe every one An. 1 688 
of them has a hoUowBambo to lay over the Barrel 
of hisGun ; and to keep the duft from it^ as it hcs 
over the rack inhisHoule. When they march alfo 
in rainy weather, they have another Bambo, to 
cover their Guns* This is large enough to cover 
the ^hole Barrel, and very well lacker'd : fo that 
it is not only handfome, but alfo prefer ves thfe Gun 
dry* 

The Soldiers when they march are led by an 
Officer, who is leader of the File : and every File 
confifts of I o men : but as I have been informed 
by one who has feen them march, they done keep 
their ranks in marching. The Soldiers are molt 
of them lufty ftrong well made men : for 'tis that 
chiefly recommends them to the Kings fervice. 
They muft alfo have good Stomachs, for that is a 
greater recommendation then the former ; neither 
can any man be entertained as a Soldier, that has 
not; a greater ftroke than ordinary at eating : for 
by this they judge of his.ftrength and conlticution* 
For which reaion, when a Soldier comes to be, 
lifted, his Stomach is firft proved with Rice, the 
cotnmon fiibfiftence of the ordinary People in this 
Kujgdom : and according as he acquits hinifelf 
in this hrfl: tryal of his manhood^ fo he is eicher 
difcharged or entertained in th(? fervice. Tis re- 
ported, that at thefe Tryals they commonly eat 
8 Or 9 cups of Rice, each containing a pinc^ and 
they are ever afterwards efteem'd and advanced, 
according to the firft days fervice : and the greateft 
caiters are chiefly iraploy d as guards to the King, 
and commonly attend on his Perfon. The Pro- 
vince of Ngean breeds the luftieft men, and the 
beft eaters ; for that rcafon thofe of that Province 
are generally imploy'd as Soldiers. After ;o years 
fervice a Soldier may petition to be disbanded j 
and then the Village where he was bom rauft fend 
another man to ferve in his room. F 4 The 



yt The Exercifes of the Soldiery. 

«^.i688 Ttie Horfemen are but few, and armed with 
Bows, andlon^ Spears or Lances, like the Mocn 
zndiTurks^ Both thefe and the Foot Soldiers are 
very dexterous in ufing their weapons^ and 
fhoot very well with either with Gun or BoW| 
for they are often exercifed by fliooting at Marks. 
The King orders a (hooting match once a year, and 
rewards the beft marks-man with a fineCoat^ or 
about loGo Ca(h^ Qs 'tis called, which is a fumm 
about the value of a Dollar. The mark is a white 
earthen Cup^ placed againfl: a Bank. The diftance 
they ftand to fire at it is about 80 yards. He who 
breaks the firft Cup has the fine ft Coat ,• for there 
are others alfo of lefs worth and finery for the reft, 
that have the good fortune to breal^ the other 
Cups, or Cafh, in lieu'^ of them. This is all at the 
Kings charge^ who incourages this exercife very 
inuch^ as a means tamake them good Marks-men ; 
and they generally prove fuch. They will load and 
fre the quickeft of any People. They draw th? 
Rammer at one motion, and powring down the 
Powder and Bullet, they ram all down at otiQ 
motion more. Then they withdraw the Rammer, 
and piit it into its place^ at 2 motions more. All 
the 4 motions are performed very dexteroufly and 
quick : and when they Aioot at a mark , they 
level , and fire at f^rft fight , yet very fiiccefs- 
fully. • • 

Tho the King of T&nquin has no Forts, yet he 
Iceeps always a great many Souldiers in the Fron-* 
tier Towns of his Kingdom ^ efpecially on the 
S. W. part thereof, to check the Cochlnchinefey his 
implacable Enemies : and tho there feldom hap- 
pens a pitch'd Battel between them , yet there are 
often Skirminiings^ which keep the Spuldiers on 
each fide upon their guards : and fom^times there 
^TQ c0nfiderable excurfion$ t|iade b;^ one or other 
|l^rty intp the ^neoiks Terri^qries^ vvher.€ they. 



L$tfg Gunt for the Field. 75 

kill, fpoyl^ and bring away what booty they can 4n.i6%% 
find. The King alfo has always about ;oooo near 
iiis perfon^ and qaarter'd in or about Cacbao^ ready 
on all occaiions. The Dry feafon is the time for 
his Armies to take the Field, or go againftan Ene- 
my : for in thefe Countries there is no marching 
in the Wee feafon. When he fends an Array by 
Land on any expedition, the General, and ether 

great Officers are mounted on Elephants. Thefe 
ave neat little boarded Houfes or Caftles faftned 
on their backs, where the great men fit in ftate, 
fecur'd from the Sun or Rain. They have no 
Field-pieces in their Armies, but inftead thereof 
they carry on mens backs Guns that wilt carry a 
4 ounce Shot. The barrels of thefe Guns are 
about 6 or 7 foot long : but tho one man <:arri«s 
one of them on his back, yet he cannot hold it 
out to fire^ like fmall Guns, but refts it on its 
Carnage, which is another mans burden, and 
they two manage it between them. The Carri- 
age is only a round piece of Wood, about 4 inches 
thick, and 6 or 7 foot long. One end of the 
Carriage is fupported with two Legs, or a Fork of 
three toot high 3 the others refts on the ground. 
The Gun is placed on the top, where there is an 
Iron Socket for the Gun to reft in, and a Swivel 
to turn the Muzzel any way. From the brttch of 
the Gun there is a fhort ftock, for the man who 
fires the Gun to traverfe it withal, and to reft it 
againft his fhoulden The ufe of thefe Guns is tq 
clear a Pafs, or to fire over the Rivers, when the 
Enemy is fo commodioufly plac'd, that there is no 
other way to move him ,• and they are carry 'd by 
thefe two men almoft with as much eafe as Mus- 
kets. In thefe Land-expeditions they carry but 
little baggage, befides their neceffary Arms, Am- 
munition, and Provender : So that if they are 
routed ttjey lightly fcamper away^ ?nd gcnei^lly 



74 Frontier-Guards. Naval Farce. 

^^•i^SSinthefe Countries the Diipute is foon orer^ fbr 
they Will not long fuftain a fmart Onfet 

BeHdes the Souldiers on the Frontiers^ and thofe 
who attend the King about Cacbao^ he has many 
others that keep guards in fereral parts of his King- 
dom^ efpedally in the great Roads^ and on the 
Rivers. Thefe fearch all exported goods^ to fee 
that no prohibited goods are font outof theKin& 
dom^ efpecialiy Arms : and no prohibited goods 
brought in. They alfo look after the Cu(tome« 
and lee that all goods have paid^ before they may 
pafs further. All Travellers are alfo feai^ch'd by 
them, and ftridMy examined ; and if any perfoiis 
are taken only on lufptcion, they ateiied very 
feverely, till they can clear themfelves : So that 
no dif^ffe&ed or rebellious perfoncan ftir, withr 
out being prefently known; and this renders th^ 
King very fafe in his Government* 

The Kings Naval force confifts only in a fort of 

fiai bottom Gallies, ^nd thefe feemingly ded&ned 

more for State than (ervice, except to traniport 

Soldiers from one place to another. Thefe Vtffek 

ire f o, 60, or 70 foot: long, and about 10 or it 

foot broad in the wafte ^ and the 2 ends near ^s 

many foot high out of the water, efpecialiy the 

hinderpart orStern : but tlie wafte or middle of the 

Veffel is not above 2 foot and an half from the wa*» 

ter^that being the place,by which all the men go in 

and out. From thenge towards each end, it is 

gently and very artificially raifed, to a confiderable 

hcighch, fo that the whole fabrick appears very 

graceful and pleafant, as it moves on the watef^ 

The head or forepart is not altogether fo high as 

^he Stern, neither is there fo much coft beftowed 

on it for ornament : for tho it wants neither carved 

work nor painting, yet 'tis not comparable to that 

of the Stern, which has great variety of carving, 

aind is curioufly lacket^d ajn^d. gilded.^ The .place 

>j.'h?re. 



Tie TonqxmcC^Shippwg and Rivers. 75 

where the Captain fits is in cheStern, andisneat1y^».f68S 
covered to keep oflf the Sun or the Rain : and it 
being higher than any other part of the Veffel, ap- 
pears like a little throne, efpecially that of the 
Generals Galley; This is more magnificent than 
the reft, thoall are built much of one form. From 
the Stern to the wafte, it is covered over with a 
flight covering, to Ihelter the Men and their 
Arm$ from the Rain in the wet feafon , and the 
fcorcbing Sun in the. dry. Before the wafte there 
are places for the Oars on each fide, and a plain 
even Deck for the Rowers to ftand by their tack- 
ling. Each G^ley carries a fmall brafs C?un, 
either Minion or Saker, which is planted afore, 
and looks out through a port in the Bow. They 
have a fmall Maft and Matt Sail, and they are 
rowed with from 16 or 20 to 24 Oars. 

The Soldiers are always the men that row, and 
they are all naked, except that they have a nar- 
rovv piece of black Cloath like a Saih about their 
Waftes, which is brought between their Thighs, 
and tuckt again under their Wafte, -Every one 
ftands upright behind his Oar, which lies in its 
notch on the Gunnal, and he thrufls or pulhes 
it forward with a great ftrength j and they plunge 
their Oars all at one inftant into ihe Water, keep- 
ing exad time with each other : and that they may 
the better do this, there is one diat ftrikes on a 
fmall Gong, or a wooden Inftriiment, betbre^ 
every ftrokc of the Oar. Then the Rowers alt 
at once anfwer with a fort of a hollow nolfe^ 
through the Throat, and a ftamp on the deck 
wifh one foot>and immediately plunge their O^rs^ 
into the Water. Thus the Gong and the Rowers' 
alternately anfwer each other, making a found 
th^t.feems very plea fant and warlike to chofewho 
^re at a fmall dift^nce on ^he Wat^r or Shoar. 

Thefe 



7f Tke Arm4ment fir the Gatties* 

'4^.i6SS Thefe Boats draw about 2 foot and a half wa- 
ter. They are only fer^ceable in Rivers^ or at 
Sea near the Shoar, and (hat in very £iir wea- 
ther too. They are beft in the broad Rivers near 
the Sea, v/here they may take the advantage of 
the Tides to help them : for tho they row pretty 
fwift when they are light, yet when they have 
60 y 80, or loo men aboard, as fometimes they 
have, thev are heavy and row flowly againft the 
ftream. Neverrhelefs when there is occafion they 
rpuft go againft the ftream a great way, tho they 
perform it with great labour. 

The Soldiers in thcle Veffels are equipt with 
Bows, Swords, and Lances, and when many of 
them are fcnt on any expedition, they are* di- 
vided into Squadrons. They are diftinguilhed Sy 
their feveral Flags of different colours j as appear- 
ed by an expedition they made up the River, a- 
gainftfome of their Northern Neighbours, while 
we were there. There were then about 60 of 
thefe Galleys fent out up the River ^ and they 
hadirotp 16 to 40 Soldiers in eac:h, all well 
armed, Their General was called Ungee Comely 
who was a great Manamny and was the perfon 
appointed by the King to infpe6t into our Englijh 
Traffickj being made dire<5i:or or protedor of the 
Englijh Fadory, who ufed to fpcak of him as a 
gehprous rnan. There were two more great 
Oflficer$ under bim, each in a Veffel by himfelf, 
Thefe three had Flags pf diftincftion r the flrft 
was yellow, the fecond blue, the third red or 
green. They went away from Cachao towards 
the Mountains, but did not return while we 
were there : but fince w^ came from thence, 
I have been informed that the expedition prpv^4 
fruitlefs, and thgt the general Uffgee Comet wasi 
much dil^raced. 

Wh?o 



Watch mJ Ward kept hj the Soldiers. 77 

When the Galleys are not in femce^ they are jb.i68S 
dragged afhoar^ and placed in Houfes built for 
that purpofe j where they are fet upright on 
their Dottoms, madb very clean^ and kept neat 
9nd dry. Thefe Galley-Houfes are 5*0 or 60 paces 
from the River fide ; and when they bring the 
Galleys into then^ there is a ftrong Kope brought 
round the ftern of the Veflel^ and both ends 
ftretched along, one on each fide: then . % or 409 
men^ftanding ready with the Rope in their I^mds^ 
Wait for the (ignal j which being given by the 
beat of a Gong , they begin to draw with all their 
ftrength^ and making a great fhrieking noiie» 
they run her up in a trice into her place. This 
dfo is their Soldiers work^ who having thus 
Houfed all their Galleys^ return to their Land- 
fervice. 

Seme of the Souldiers are imploy'd alfo in keep- 
ing Watch and Ward^ for the fecurity of private 
mtn^ i& well as in the Kings buiinefs : and the 
Tonjmnefe are obferv'd to keep good orders in the 
night in all Townd and Villages j but more parti- 
cularly in the great Cities^ amd efpecially at Ca- 
Jmo» There every Street is guarded with a ftron'g 
watch, as well to keep (ilence, as to hinder any 
diforder. The Watch-men are armed with Staves^ 
and ftand in the Street by the Watch-houfes^ 
to examin every one that pafleth by. There is 
i^fo a Rope ftretched crofs the Street brefthigh, 
and no man may pals this place, till he is examin'd^ 
unle& he will venture to be foundly bang'd by the 
Watch. Thefe men can handle their weapon (b 
well, that if they defign mifchief, they will dexr 
troufly break a Leg or Thigh-bone, that being the 
place which they conunonly ftrike at« There is a 

{jair of Stocks by every Watch houfe , to 
ecure night ramblers in : but for a Imall piece ot 
Money a man may pafs quiet enough, and for the 

iftoft 



7^ J^fi^^^ corrupt^ pt foiM^imMi ftenfanU 

i/f».i6ggnioft part only the poor are taken up. Thcfe 
Wdtch-n^en are^oldiers^but belong to theGorenK^ 
w fome other men of gre^ power^ who will bear 
no complaints againft thetn^ tho never fo jaftty 
made : aind therefore they often put med in the 
Stocks at their plea^ite^ and in the morning carry 
them before a Magiftrate : who commonly fines 
the Prifbners to pay fomewhat j and be it more or 
lets^ it faHs p^t to the Magtftraie. Neither dares 
any man complain of injuftice upon fuch ufage: 
\m tihis cafe efpedaUy ; tho his caufe be never fo 
juft : and therefore patiencels vti thisCoutitry as ne- 
ceflkry. for poor pec^le^as in ainy part ^ the World. 
But notwkhftatiding* thefe Abufes^ they have 
one ^ Cuftom in the ^miniftring Juftice^ chat b 
pfeaft^ enough. For if a difference or quarrel at 
any time happens between % mean men, and they 
are not to be rectifnc^d without going befote aMa- 
^ftrate^he ufuaily eonfideriDg their Poverty* lays no 
Iieavy muld cm the oifender^ but injoyns him this as 
hi» penalty, that hd* fhall treat the inyur'd Perfon 
with a Jarr of Araek, and a Fowl^ or a fixiatl Por- 
ker, that (b feafting together, they may both 
drown all anirttofity in good liquor, and renew 
their Friendfhip. 

But if it be aControverfy about aDebt,they take a 
very different Method. For the Debtors are many 
times ordered to bePrifonersin theifCredkorshoufes 
wh^re t^ey are beaten, or kept with alog of wood 
made£if^ to^eir Legs, to hinder them from run- 
nii9g away.Tbeie poor Ptifoners eat nothing butRice 
and drink Water^^d are tyranically infulted over by 
their rigid Creditors, rill the debt is fatisfied^ Their 
Corporal Puniibments upon Malefa&ors, and fome-^ 
times upon- othersv are very feVere^ Some are 
louden with Iron chains faftned to their LegSy 
with. logs alfo like the Debtors,but now mentioned* 
Others have their Necfes in^lofed between 2 greae 

heavy 



Punijbmmts far Crimnats. 79 

heavy planks made like a Pillory, but moVcablej,^i688 
for they carry it about with them wfeere-ever they ^ 
go, and even when they go to reft they are forced 
to lye down and deep in it as they can- 
There is another (brt of puni/hing inftrument 
Dot unlike this, called ^Gof$go. Thisalfp istnade 
to wear about the neck, but is Jhaped like a Lad- 
der* The fides of it are 2 large Bamboes, of about 
10 or 12 foot long^ with^feveral fych rqunds or 
flicks as Ladders have to. keep ^ 1ide$ afunder ; 
but much ihorter: for the.^2/|de Bamboes.are no 
farther afunder, than to adnak^of 4 yarrow ro^m 
for the Keck: and the 2 rqunds^ the middl^ are 
much at the iame diftance from ea^h other, on each 
« fide the l^eck,Corming a lit^e S<|^^e: thrp which 
the maa looks as, if he werp carrying a JUdder 0x1 
his Shoulders,with his head tbroUgH the rounds. I£ 
either oftheie Yoke's were, to b^itaken off in a 
Ihorttime, afin6, 9, or 12 hour^; it would be no 
great matter : but to wear one qr them a month, 
2, ;, or longer, as I have hew Jpformed they 
fometimes do, feems to be a v^ery J^vere pum&« 
ment.Yet 'tis fome comfort toibn^Oj^that (hey have 
the Liberty to walk abroad wher^vtfaey will : but 
others are both yoak'd and imprifonVl: and the 
Prifoners in publick Prifons are ufed, worfe than a 
man would uie a Dog, they being half ftarved and 
foundly beaten to boot; 

They have a particular punHhment, for fuch as 
are fufpeded to fire Houfes,or who are thought to 
have occafioned the Fire through their negled:. 
The mafter of the Houfe, where the Fire firO: 
brpaksout, will hardly clear himfelf firomfufpicion, 
and the fe verity of the Law. The punifhment in 
this cafe is to fit in a Chair of 11 or 14 foot high, 
hare-heade, d ; whole days iucceffively in the hot 
Icorching Sun : this Chair h fet, ^or his greater dii- 
grace, before the place where his Houfe ftood. 

Other 



8o VnnifhfHtnts far feveral Crimes. 

jf».i688 Other fmall&r Crimes are ^n!(hed with blows ; 

- - ^ which we call Bambooing, The CriitiihsQ i4 laid 
flat on his l>elly on the ground, with his britches 
pluckt down over his hams : in which Dofture a 
lufty fellow bangs his bare britch with a (plitBam^ 
bo, about 4 fingers broad, and j* foot bng. The 
number of his blows are more or lefs, accor^ng 
to the nature of the crime, or the pleafure of the 
Magiftrate j yet Money will buy fevour of the 
Executioner, who knows how to moderdtb his 
firokes for a fed before-hand. Otherwife his 
blows uiually fall fo heavy, that the poor offender 
may be lathed a month or two. Aner a man has 
fufrered any of thefe punifhmentS} he can never 
obtain any publick favour or employment. 

They have no Courts of Judicature, hii any 
iingle Mdgiftrate ifTues out bis Wdrrantsf for the 
apprehending of Malefactors, and upon taking 
them immediately tries then! : and as the Sentence 
is final, and without appeal, fo 'ti^ no foondr paft 
but 'tis executed alfa-withont ftiore ado. Their 
punifhoient in capital crimes is ufually beheading. 
The Criminal is carried immediately from the Ma- 
giftrates houfe to his own : for there is no com- 
tnon place of Execution, but the Malefador fuf- 
fers near bis own houfe, or where the fad was 
Committed. There he is placed, fitting on th9 
ground , with his body upright , and his legs 
ftretched ouC: and the Executioner being pro- 
vided with a large Cmtant Or Backfword, and 
ftriking a full back-blow on the neck, at one ftroke 
he fevers the head from the body j the hftad com- 
monly tumbling down into the owners lap, and 
the trunk falling backward on the ground. 

Theft is not thotght Worthy ot Death, but is 
punilhed with cutting off fome member, or part 
of a member, according to the degree of the of- 
fence. For fometiraes only one joynt of a Finger 

is? 



imc.wiHct> Mandarins 4^ ionquin. di 

is choptoiF,, for Either crimes a whole finger., * or An.i6SS 
more, and for fome the whole hand^ 

The Magilirates and other great men of this 
Kingdom, are called Mandarins. Moft of them 
in office about the King are Eunuchs, and not 
only gelded, but alfo their members cut quite off 
quite flat to their Bellies. Thefe, as I have been 
infonned, are all very learned men after their 
way, efppcially in the Laws of the Country, 
They rife gradually by their-meritor favour, from 
one degr^ee to another, ,as well they who are em- 
ploy'd in Civil as inMilitary affairs : and Icarce 
place of truft or profit goes befide them* No 
man is permitted to walk familiarly about the 
Kings Palace without the leave of the Eunuch 
Mandarins^ and for this reafon , having fuch free 
accefs (o the King thenifelves, and excluding 
w.hom they will, they engrofs his favour* This 
is taken fo much to heart by fome, thaf through 
envy and difcontent, rhipy often pine away, as is^ 
commonly faid, . even to death: and I heard of 
fuch an one, M'ho was called. Um^e Thaan Ding: 
Ungteihcms ^ title of honour among them. J^e 
Was a man of great .Learning in the Laws, ex- 
tremely politick, an4 mighty high fpirited* This 
man fought dll the ^irnpans imaginable to be pre- 
ferred, but could not for want of being an Eu* 
nuch. He fretted - to fee his inferiours raifed : 
but plainly feeing that there was no rifing without 
removing that objedion, he one day in a rage » 
took up a fliarp Knife, and qualify *d himfelf «f, 
feSually. He had a Wife and 6 or 8 Children, 
who were all in great fear of his life : but he was 
not at all difmayed, tho in that condition { and 
the King advanced him. . He was living when I 
Was there, and was a great Mmiarln. He had 
the care of the Armory and Artillery, being great 
Mafter of the King s Ordnance. 

G There 



Si Volnntdry Caflmting thra lAfHhifion. 

'i4w.i688 There was another Mandarin alio, one t^n^ee 
* Hane^ who finding himlelf baffled by the Eunuchs, 
was forced to make himfelf one to bo upon the 
level with them. This Gentleman, it feems, was' 
Xord of a Village or two , wliere both he 
^nd his Tenants were often plagued with the -do- 
mineering Eunuchs, and l^iaving born their ma- 
lice for fome time, and feeing no end of it, he 
agreed with an expert Gelder to cafVrate him : for 
here are many in this Country* , who prolefs 
this Art, and are fo expert at it, that they wffl 
Undertake to cut a man of any Age, for k) many 
thoufand Cafe as the man is years old. 'Tis report*- 
fed^ that theyfirft put the Patieiit into a Sleep t 
but liow long they are curing him after the Ope- 
ration is over, I know not. I heard of but ; 
Mandarins of any grandeur in theGovernment,who 
were not Eunuchs, Onfe Was the Governor of 
theE^j?PrbTince,whofe Daughter wais married to a 
Prince of the Royal Family. The other two, who 
were Governors of C/trA^o, werealfo married men, 
and had Children, and one of thefe married the 
KingsE aughter.All thcMandarins rule with abfblute 
power and authority in their feveral precinfts, yet 
in great obedience to the King, who is as abfo- 
lute over them, as they are over the Common 
people. 

Thefe Eunuch Mandarins el^.ecially liVe in great 
ftate. Many of thefe have conimatrtl Of theSotil- 
cliery, and have Guards atten^ng them at their 
own Houfes ; there being a certain number of Sol- 
diers allowed to attend on each Mandarin^ accord- 
ing to his Quality. They are generally covetous 
beyond meafure , and very malicious. Some 
of them are Governors of Provinces, but all are 
raifed to places of truft and profit. 

Once every year the Mandarins receive an Oath 
of Allegiance tp the King, from all the principal 

Officers 



Tfkts hy hitter Water in Guinea. 83 

Officers under them. This is done with great^».i6S8 
Ceremony: they cut the Throat of a Hen, and 
let the Blood fall into a Bafon of Arack^ Of this 
Arack every man has a friiall draught given him to 
drink, after he has publickly declared his fmcerity, 
and readinels to ferve his Prince. 'Tis efteem'd the 
iolemneft tye by whichany man can ingage himfelC 
This way of giving folemn potions to drink, is ufed 
al(b in other Countries, on dijOferent occaHons. As 
particularly, on the GoW Coafi oi Guinea * where 
when Men or Women are taxed for a Crime, be 
it of what nature it will, but efpecially Adultery, 
and the matter cannot be proved by Evidence, 
the Fetijfera or Prieft, decides the difference, by 
giving a Potion of bitter water, to the perfon ac- 
cu£ed : which if they refufe to take, they are fup- 
pofed to be guilty without farther proof; but if 
they drink it off, the event isfaid to be, that if the 
perions be guilty, this water immediately fwells 
their bodies till they bucft ,• but if innocent, they 
are not hurt thereby. What tricks the Fetijfero's 
may play in compounding this water, I know not: 
but this kind of Tryal is frequent among them, and 
feems to be a remainder of the old Jewijh Tryal 
by the waters of jealoufy, fpoken of in the jth 
Chapter of jNirw^er^. I am not fufficiently informed 
whether the event of the Tryal , be fuch as it was 
among the Jews ; but it feems they have a ftrong 
perfwaOon of it:and a guilty perfon does ordinarily 
lb dread the being brought to this Trial, that for 
the moft part he or fhe choofe rather to fuffer the 
puniihment of the Country, which is to be fold to 
EuropeaifsBS Slaves. This potion is called Bitter- 
water,and 'tis given by way oflVial upon any light 
iiifpicion even of a fmall injury. This account I 
have had from feveral, who have been in Guinea^ 
but efpecially from Mr. Caidy. 

But to return to the Eunuch Mandarins, tho they 
are bitter Enemies to thofe whom they take 

G 2 averfion 



84 Chop iTicks to eat with^ m Tonquin ind China. 

^».i688averfionagainft, yet on die other hand, they are 
as kind to their favorites, and as complacentto 
their vifitants , whether Foreigners or others , 
feafting them often. They love mightily to be 
vifited, efteeming themfelves highly honoured 
thereby. When they treat any^ they are beft 
ploafed.with thofe who eat and drink heartily; 
for this they fuppofe proceeds from their Love 
and hearty affedion to them : and indeed the7i»- 
i^mmtYs in general are very free to their Vifitants, 
treating them with the beft cheer they are able to 
procure. 

Jn their entertainments, and at their ordinary 
eating, inftead of Forks and Spoons, they ufe two 
fmall round fticks about the length and bignefs of 
a Tobacco-pipe. They hold them both in the 
'right hand, one between the fore-finger and 
thumb \ the other between the middle-finger and 
the fore-finger, as our Boys do their Snappers. 
They ufe them very dextroufly, taking up the 
fmalleft grain of Rice with them ,• nor is it account- 
ed mannerly to touch the food, after it is dreft, 
with their hands: and tho it be difficult for ftran- 
gers to ufe them, being unaccuftom'd to them, 
yet a little ufe will overcome that difficulty ; and 
perfons that refide here ought to learn this, as well 
as other cuftoms of the Country, that are inno- 
cent, thatfo their Company may be more accept- 
able. All the Tonciulnefes keep many of thefe Sticks 
in their Houfes, as well for their own fife>, as to 
entertain Strangers at meals : they are as ordina- 
rily placed at the Table Iiere, as Knives, Forks, 
and Spoons are in England: and a man that cannot 
dextroufly handle thefe inftruments, makes but 
an odd figure at their Tables. The richer fort 
of people, efpecially the A/W^m/, have them tipt 
with Siiven In China alfo thefe things are con- 
ftantly ufcd : they are called by the £^^///fc Sea- 

mea 



Wdnfonnefs e^ bafemfs of the Enn^ Mandarins. 85 

men Cbop^icks. When the Eunuch Mandarins dye, ^;;. 1688 
all their riches fall to the King, who as Heir pre- ^ 
fently feizeth on their Eftaces, and by it gets vaft 
Riches : for there is but little money in the King- 
dom, but what falls into . the clutches of thefe 
birds of prey. This probably may be one reafon 
why the King is for preferring none but 
them ,• for they are excellent Spunges for him : 
and whatever fome have faid of their Love to 
Juftice, I could never Icarn^that they deferve that 
Charader : but thro their pppreflion, and injuri- 
ous dealingSjtrading is difcouraged ^and the Country 
is kept poor^which otherwifc might bea tlourilliing 
Kingdom* After all, as very Eunuchs as thefe 
Mandarins are, yet they are as great admirers of the 
female Sex as any men, and not fatisficd without 
them, but they all keep feveral handfome yottng 
Wenches to dally and fpend their time withal. 
They alfolove to be courted by Strangers to favour 
them with aMifs of their procuring. Nothing 
will ingage them more than to petition them on 
this account: and the pcrfon thus lb!licited will 
not fail to procure a young Damfel for his Friend, 
be it but for a night or two, or for 4 or y months. 
Ever afterwards he will take a more than ordinary 
care of the perlbns he has thus brought together, 
and their affairs,* and this bale fort of Office is' 
here accounted very decent and honourable. Yet 
the common Baudy-houfes, thoextremly rife here, 
are by all of them accounted hateful and fcanda- 
lous. • 



9% CHAP, 






B6 Rice become dear at Cachao. 



C H A P V- 

Some Vejfels fent from Cachao to Tenati to 
fetch Rice. A Rencounter with fome fup^ 
p^n'd Robbers. Ca(h, ajort of Coin^ and 
Pearl- Oyfiers. The Author s fecond Journey 
tip to Cachao .• Of the Pagoda'i and Funeral 
Tower and Feafi he met by the way. The 
French t^i/hops and Mijftonaries at Hean, 
their Houfe^ the Author s entertainment there^ 
and difcourfe with one of their Priejis. The 
fiate of their Mijfion^ and of Chrijiianity^ in 
thefe Idolatrous Countries. His making of 
Gun-powder. He goes on from Hean to Ca- 
chaOy and after a Jhort ft ay there^ back again 
to the Ships. Of the improvements that 
might be made of our Englifti FaBory here. 
The Authors departure from Tonquin. 

I Have already fpoken of my firft going up the 
River to Cachao^ and ray returning back again 
to our Ships after a few days. There I lay on 
board for a great while, and fickly for the moft 
part J yet not fo, but that I took a Boat and went 
aflioar one wiiere or other almoft every day : and 
by this means I took as particular notice as I could 
of the Country, and have fupplied my own 
obfervations with thofe of our Merchants refiding 
there, and other perfons of judgment and inte- 
grity. 

During this interval. Rice being dear at Cachao^ 
as it had'been for fome time, both our Merchants 
and Natives were for making up a Fleet of fmall 

Veffels 



J 



Voyage to Tenan to fetch Rice. Zy 

Veffels, to fetch Rice from the Neighbouring ^». 1688 
Provinces, both for their own ufe iand to fupply 
the Markets : and they never go in fingle Veffels, 
for fear of Pirates , w^ho inteft the Coafts with 
their CanoaSj and fhelter themfelves among feve- 
ral little Iflands, lying at the edge of theEaft- 
Province, and bordering upon the Province of 
Tenan^ whither thefc Merchants were bound, ' 

Captain Weldon was one who concerned himlelf 
in this expedition, hiring a Veffel and Seamen of 
the Toftfiinefe^ and fending fome of his own men 
with them as a Guard,among whom I would very 
fain have gone, had 1 not been indilpofed. Mr, 
LudforJ, who had liv'd fome time at Cacbao. before 
our arrival, was another Undertaker, and went 
himfelf on board the Bark he had hired ,• but Cap- 
tain WeUon ftaid behind at the City, yet took care 
to get a Commiflion from the Governour of the 
Eaft-Province for his Veffel. In the Commiflion 
'twas expreft, that his Boat fliould be armed with 
Guns, or orher Weapons, and that his men Aould 
refift any that came to oppoCb them, or any Vef- 
feis in their company ,• and that they mi^t kill 
and deftroy any Robbers that they met with. 
The paffage to Ttnan lay mod within Land, thro 
Creeks and narrow Channels, among the Iflands 
bef ore-men tioned, which are to many, and lye on 
the Eaft-fide of the Bay fo thick together, andfo 
nigh theftioar, that at afmall diftance off at Se.a 
they appear to be part of the main. This little 
Archlfelago lies within the precinds of the Gover- 
nour of the Eaft-Province, from whom Captain 
Weldon had his Commifltpn, and who was a very 
great man in the Court of Tonquin. When the 
Fleet came to this place, fome who lay. here 
came forth ,• and they concluded they mult be the 
Pirates, come to fejze their prey as at other times. 
Thefe always choofe rather to take the outward 
■ ' ' ^ ^ bound 



88 A Rencounter vpith fimefiiffos'd birdies. 

y4;7,i688bouncl Veffels, becaufe then they have all of them 
Caftj or Money aboard to purchafe their Ladings ; 
bixt in their returns they would have only Rice, 
wnich thefe people don't fo much regard. 
At this tini^ Captain Weldons Dutch Pilot, the 
chief man whpm he fent in his Bark, wasaboard 
Mr. Ludford^s: and when the fuppofed Pirates 
came up , Mr. Ludford and he made the Seamen 
row the Bark to meet them, and in a fhort time 
got fo near, that they fired at them. ThefeMen 
not expeding to have met fuch a reception ^for the 
7(?»^«i«e/e have no Guns, but in the Kings Gallics, 
tliought to fave themfelves by Flight : but were 
fo eagerly purfued by Mr. Ludford^ that at laft 
they yielded to his.mercy, after they had loft one 
man in fight. He joyful of this fuccefs fecured 
the Prifoners,and made tht beft of his courfe to the 
next Town on the Coaft in his way j there deli- 
vering up his Prifoners to the Magiftrates, and 
giving a full relation of the Adion. He expected 
a reward for his pains, or at leaft to be highly ap- 
plauded for it j but found himfelf miftaken. For 
the Prifoners obftinately denying whnt was al- 
ledged againft them by Mr. Ludfrd^ faying they 
were poor Filliermen, they were immediately ac- 
quitted as very honeft perfons, and Mr. Ludford 
was accufed for committing a Riot on men who 
were about their lawful occafions. Mr. Ludford 
brought many of the Natives, thgt were in his 
comp any, to juftify what he had done, but to 
no purpofe J forhe was fined looooo C^jfc, as olir 
Merchants call it, for the man that was killed. 
Ca^ are a fmall kind ofCopperMoney :gnd 'tis the 
only Coin they have of their own^ if it be their 
own, and not rather brought them from China. 
They rife and fall in value according to the want 
or plenty of them, or as the Womeh-exchangers 
can manage them : but at this time they were at 

the 



PearlOyflers^ and Pearls. 89 

the rate of a DoUer a thouland j fo that his fine /in.i6i^ 
was ICO Dollars. When Mr. Ludfcrd faw how 
hard it was like to go with him. he thought to 
clear himfel^ or leffen his fine, by bringing Cap- 
tain Weldoa into the fnare ,• faying that he had no 
Guns in his Bark, but made ufe of Captain Pf^eUon\ 
and that Captain Weldoni Pilot was aboard hisVef. 
fel^ and affifted in the Adion. But neither did 
this help him ;for upon trying the matter ztCachao^ 
whither 'twas carried by Appeal, Captain WW^wii' 
Commiflion faved^him: fo that Mr. Ludford was 
forced to pay the Mojjey, which was more than 
he got by the Voyage. This might be a warning 
to him, how he meddled with Ton^uin Pirates 
again ; for it was not enough for him to plead that 
they came with a intent to rob him. Indeed if he 
had been robb'd, he might have been pitied by 
the Magi ftrates on complaint of bis misfortune : 
but yet it is very probable, that if he fhou'd have 
taken them in the ve ry facft, poffeft of his goods, 
thefe Vermin* would have had one hole or ano- 
ther to creep out at ,• fo corrupt are the great men 
of this Kingdom. And indeed Vis not improbable, 
that thefe fellows were Fifherraen, and going 
about their bufinefs: for there is good Fiftiing in all 
theBay oiTonqum c\czx round it,and there are many 
Boats that go out a fifhing and the Fifhermen are 
generally very honeft and harmlels men • except 
now and then, they attempt tomak? prize of fome 
poor Vcffel they meet, and can overcome by their 
numbers without fighting ^ for fuch an one they 
board, andftrip all the men naked even to there 
Skin. * Among thefe IflandsaUo, by report, their 
are plenty of Pearl Oylters, that have good Pearls 
*n them,* but the Seamen are difcouraged from 
"filing for them by the King, for he feizeth on all 
he finds.But this by their way ,• nor vvas any thing 
clfe obfervable in this Voyage to Titian. 

Thefe 



K 



90 The Anther* s ficond Journey up to Chacaa 

yf».i688 Thefe Veffels were y or 6 weeks in their Voy- 
age to and from Tenon : and at their returnCaptain 
JVeldons Bark went not up to Cacbao with the Rice^ 
but unladed it into our Ship to fupply us. Soon 
after this I went a fecond time up to Cacbao^ not 
in a Boat as before^ but on foot along the Coun- 
try, being defirous to fee as rnuch of it as I could : 
and I hired a Tontjulnefe for about aDollar to be my 
guide.ThiSjtho but a fmall matter3was a great deal 
out of my Pocket, who had not above 2 Dollars 
in all, which I had gotten on board, by teaching 
fome of our young Seamen Plain Sailing. 

This was all I had to bear my own charges and 
my Guide's ,• and 'twas the worfe with me, be- 
caufe I was forc'd to make iliort Journeys every 
day, by reafon of my weaknefs : It was about the 
latter end of Nov. 1688, when we fct out. We 
kept on the Eaft-fide of the River, where we 
found the Roads pretty dry, yet in fome places 
^ dirty enough. We ferry 'd over feverat 
Creeks and Brooks ^running into the great River^ 
where are Ferry- boats always plying,which have 9 
few Cafli for their fare. The Fever and Ague 
which I brought with me from 4cbin was gone : 
yet the Fruits I cat here, efpecially the fmall 
Oranges, brought me into a Flux. However, thp 
I was but weak, yet was I not difcouraged from 
this Journey, being weary of lying (till, and impa- 
tient of feeing (bmewhat that might further gra* 
tify my curiofity. 

We found noHoufes of Entertainment on the 
Road, yet at every Village we came we gotHoufc* 
room, and a Barbacue of fplit Bambooes to fleep 
on. The people were very civil, lending us an 
earthen Pot to drefs Rice, or any thing elfe^ 
Ufually after Supper, if the day was notlliut in, I 
took a ramble about the Village, to fee v^hat was 
worth taking notice of, efpecially the Vagoda of 

^ the 



Funeral T^wef and Ftafi. g\ 

the place. Thefe had the image of either znAn.\6%i 
Horfe, an Elephant, or both, ftanding with the 
head looking out of the doors : The Pagodas 
themielves were but fmall and low. I ilill made 
it dark night before I returned to my lodging, 
and then I laid me down to deep. My Guida 
carried my Sea»gown, which was ray covering in 
the night, and my Pillow was a Log of Wood: 
but I flept very well, tho the weaknefs of my 
body did now require better accommodation. 

The third day after ray fetting out , about ; a 
Clock in the afternoon, I faw betore me a finall 
Tower ,• fuch as I mentioned before, as erededfor 
a time in honour of fome great perfon de ceafed. 
But I knew not then the mo^^ning of it, for I 
had not feen the like before in the Country. As 
I came nearer to it, I faw a multitude of people 
mod of them Men and Boys ; and coming nearer 
ftill, I faw a great deal of meat on the Stalls, that 
were plac'd at a fmall diftance from the Tower. 
This made me conclude that it was fome great 
Market, and that the Flefh I faw was for fale : 
therefore I went in among the Crowds as weli 
to fee the Tower as to buy lome of the Meat for 
my Supper, it being now between 4 and f a clock 
in the Afternoon. My Guide could not fpeak 
Englifhy neither could I fpeak the Tmqmnefe Lan- 
guage : So 1 askt him no queftions about it ,* and he 
too went readily in with me ; it may be not 
knowing my intent was to buy. Firftl went round 
theTower and viewed it : It was four-fquare^each 
fide about 8 foot broad : at the ground the heighth 
of it was about 26 foot, but at the top fomewhat 
narrower than at the bottom. I law no door to 
enter into it : it feemed to be very flighty built, 
at leaft covered with thin boards, which were all 
joyned clofe together, and painted of a dark red- 
dim colour. I then went on to the Stalls, which 

had 



92 The A. in danger of the Tonquinefe Mok 

'An.i6%% had Sheds built over them ; and there I viewed the 
Fruits and Flefh, each of which was ranged in 
order apart. I paft by abundance of Oranges 
packt up in Baskets^ which I think were the 
faireft 1 ever law, and for quantity more than I 
had feen gathered all the time I was at Tonquln. 
1 paft by thefe, and feeing no other Frut^:, I came 
to the Flefh-Stalls^ were was nothing but Pork, 
and this alfo was all cut into quarters and fides 
of Pdrk : 1 thought there might be yp or 6o Hogs 
cut up thus, and all feem'd to be very good meat. 
When I faw that there was none of it infmall 
pieces, fit for my ufe, I, as was cuftomary in the 
Markets, took hold of a quarter, and made figns 
to the Matter of it, as 1 thought, to cut me a 
piece of 2 or ; pound. I was ignorant of any 
ceremony they were about, but the fuperftitious 
people foon made me fenfible of my errour ; for 
they affaulted me on all fides, buffeting me and 
renting my Cloaths, and one of them ' fnatched 
away my Hat. My' Guide did all he could to 
appeafethem, and dragg'd me put of the Crowd ; 
Yetfomefurly fellows rollo wed us, and fcemed 
by their countenance and geftures to threaten 
me • but my Guide at lall pacify'd them and 
fetched my Hat, and we marched away as faftas 
we could. I could not be informed of my Guide 
what this meant j but fome time after when I was 
return 'd to our Ship, the GuideY Brother, who 
fpoke Englifh told me, it was a Funeral Feaft, and 
that the Tower was the Tomb which was to be 
burned ; and fome Erglijh men who lived there 
told me the fame. This was the only funeral 
Feaft that ever I was at among them , ar(d they 
gave me caufe to remember it : but this \ivasthc 
worft ufage I received from any of them all the 
time that Ivvas in the Country. When I wns out 
of this trouble, my Guide and I marched for- 

wardso 



The Autho/j arrival dgain at Hean. 95 

wards. I was both weary and hungry, dndl^».i688 
thank my appetite was raifed by feeing fo much 
food : for indeed at firft fight of it I concluded to 
have had a good Supper ,• but now I was likely to 
fup only on Rice, or a Yam roafted, and two 
Eggs, as I us'd to do. For tho there ^yc^e Fowls 
to be bought at every houfe where I lay, yet my 
pocket would not reach them; and for other Flefli^ 
there was none to be had, unlefs my way had lain, 
thro the Town when it was Market day with 
them. 

Two days after this I got with much ado to 
Heany for my Flux encreafed, and my ftrcngth 
decreafed. I prefently made towards the French 
Bifliops, as the likelieft place for me both to reft 
at^ and get larger Informations of the Country^ 
from the Eurofean Miffionaries^ whofe feat it is. 
The Bifhops Palace is a pretty neat low houfe^ 
ftanding at the North end of the Town, by the 
fide of the River. 'Tis encompafs'd with a pretty 
high Wall^ and has a large Gate to enter at. The 
Gate ftands fronting to the ftreet, and runs up 
with houfes on both lides^ and. ends at the Palace, 
Within the Wall there is a fmall yard, that goes^ 
round the Palace ; and at the farther end of ths 
yard there are fmall lodging*rooms for the Ser* 
vants, and other neceffary Offices. The houfe 
itfelf is not very large nor high ,• it ftands not in 
the middle of the yard , but rather neareft the 
gate, which gate is open all day, but iliut in the 
night. That part that fronts the Gate, has a' 
pretty neat room, which feems.to be defigned for 
the reception of Strangers: for it has no communi- 
cation with any other room in the Houfe, tho 
joyned to it as one building : the door by which 
you enter it fronts to the Gate, and this door aUb 
^ands open all the day« 

When 



94 2*^ French Btfoapf Houfi at Hean. 

^Am^e%% When I came hither I entred the Gate, and 
^ feeing no body in the yard, I went into thatRoom^ 
At the door thereof^ I found a fmall Line hanging 
down y which I pull'd ; and a Bell ringing 
within^ gave notice of my being there : yet no 
body appearing prefently^ I went in and fat down. 
There was a Table in the middle oftheRoom, 
and handfome Chairs^ andfeveral £«ro/»rii0 Pi<9mre$ 
hung upon the Walls. 

It was not long before one of the Priefis came 
into the Room to me, and received me very ci- 
villy. With him I had a great d^l of dilcourfe : 
he was a Fremb Man by Nation, but fpoke S^mS^ 
and Vcrtuguife very well. It was chiefly in Sfmfii 
that we entertained each other, which I und^r^ 
ffood much betkr, than I could fpeak : yet I ask*d 
him Queftions, and made a fhift to anfwer him to 
ilich queftionsas he asked me ,* and when I was at 
a lofs in mySpaniJhy I had recourfe to Latin y having 
Ml fome fmatterings of what I learnt of it at 
School in my youth* He was very free tp talk with 
me, and firft asked memy buHnels thither? I told 
him that my bufmeCs was to CachaQ, where I bad 
been once before : that then I went by Water, 
but now I was moved by my curioiity to travel 
by Land, and that I could not pais by any Emopans 
without a Vifit, cfpecially luch a famous place as 
this* He askod me many other queftioxis, and 
particularly if I was a R$nian Catholick ? I told 
him no, but falling then into difcourfe about Re* 
Ijgion, be told me* what Progrefs the Gofpel 
was like to make in thefe Eaftern Nations. Firii: 
he began with the Nkobar Iflands, and told me 
what 1 have related of that matter, in the i7Chap<» 
terpfmy Voyage rmrndtbcwoirldy page 177, for thi$ 
was the perlon I there quoted, and from whom I 
had that Relation; as he told me he had it from the 
Friar, who wrote to him from Fort St* George. But 

that 



Hhe A's. Difcoutfe with € Frctlch Mijfionary. 95 

that Friar having been a Paffengerin Captain yfn.x 688 
Wddons Ship, from one of the Nkobar Iflands to 
Fm St. George, I askt the Captain's opinion of that 
relation, iince my writing that Book^ and hejgave 
me a quite contrary account of the people or M- 
€obAr J that they were a very pervcrfe, falfe, 
thievifh people, and did not deferve the good 
diarai^r the Friar gave of them. 

!Ehit to proceed with the difcourfe I had with 
the A'fXfciEr Prieit at Hean. He told me, that in 
Siam the Gofpet was in a very fair way to receive 
incouragemei^t by the means of a French Biihop 
^here, and feveral Ecclefiafticks he had with him 
there to aflSft him : that the great Minifter of 
State, Ccnfiimt' Fdlcm, had embraced the Ro'^ 
fi^ Faith j and that the King was very much 
inclined to it, the Courtiers alfo feeming well 
enough plealed with it. Inibmach that 'twas 
top'd, that iti a fhort time the whole Nation 
would be ^ohverted : and that tbo the Country 
people in general were againft it, yet by the ex- 
ample of the King and bis Court, the reft might 
come over by degrees: efpecially becaufe the 
Priefts had free Toleration to ufe their endeavours. 
As for Tonqmn, he told me that the people in ge- 
neral were incUned to embrace tlie Chrifiim Faith, 
but that the Government was wholly averfe to it : 
that the Mifiionaries who lived here did not open* 
iy profefs to be Teachers of their doiSrine, but 
aiat they lived here under the notion of Mer- 
chants, and not as Clergy-men ,* that this was a 
great obftacle to Chriftiamty, yet nevertheleis 
they found ways to draw the people from their 
Ignorance : that at prefent they had about 14000 
CcMffrertS;, and more coming in daily. He told 
me, that here were two Bifhops, 1 think both 
French tMtii one of them was entitled the Bifliop 
ot Afcuiimj the other of Auran ; and that here were 

ten 



96 State of the Miflions 4* Toriijuin, d^c^ 

^.1688 ten Priefts oiF Europe^smd three more of the Natives 
oiTonquin, who had been ordain'd Popifli Priefts. 
Butfince, I have been informed thatthefe French 
Bifliops were not fufFer'd to live at Cacbao ; neither 
may they at any time go thither without Licence 
from the Governour ; and fuch a Licence alfo 
muft be procured by the favour 6i fome Mand^arin 
who lives at Cacbao^ for whom the Biihop or other 
Miflionary is to perform fome trivial work or 
other* For the MiiSoners living here are purpofe- 
ly sktird in mending Clocks, Watches, or fome 
Mathematical Inftruments, of which the Country 
people are ignorant ; and this gives them the opr 
porcunicy ofbeing often fent for to Cacbao by the 
Mandarins • and when they are there^. a fmall job 
that would not require above y or 6 hours to per- 
form, they will be twice as many' days abdut:^ 
pretending great difficulty in the work ; by which 
means they take their liberty, privately to teach 
their Difciples that live there ; and then alfo they 
enjoy themfelves with the Englijh and Dutcb Mer- 
chants, to whom they are always welcome. 

As to the Converts- thefe people have made^I 

h^e been credibly informed that they are chiefly 

of the very poor people j and that in the Icarce 

times, their Alms of Rice have conveirted more 

than their preaching: and as to thit)fe aifo who 

have been converted^ as they call it^ that is^ to 

Beads and new Iroages,and belief in tbePope,they 

have fallen off again, as Rice grew plentiful, and 

would no longer be Chriftians than while the 

Priefts adminiftred food to them. Yet I cannot 

think but that thefe people^who haY&iuch notions 

ofafupreme Deity, might, by the induftry^ and 

example of good men , be brought to embrace 

the Chriftiao Faith. But as things fhuodi^i: ipre-> 

ient, it ieemsvery improbable that Chriftianity 

Ijbould fruiftify there* for as the Enflfflj 3nd 

Dutch 



Obfldeks to Chrifihnity among the Idolaters. ^f 

'Bmcb in thefe parts of the world are too loofe^». 1688 
Livers to gain reputation to their Religion, fo are ^ 
the other Earafeansy I mean the Miilionary Priefts^ 
cfpecially thePi^ftf^ire/ejbut very blind Teachers. But 
indeed as thtRmanifts zvt the only meii who coni- 
pals Sea and Land to gain profelytes, fo they may 
fecm to have one advantage overPn?r«/?^»^Minifters 
in thefe Idolatrous Countries , that they pre^ 
fent theni with iuch a kind of Objefb, for Reli- 
gious Wofihip, as they have been i^fed to already: 
tor the exchange is not great from ?agan Idols to 
Images of Saints, which may ferve altogether as 
well for the poor Souls they convert, who are 
guided only by fence. But then even here alfo, 
thefe people having been bred up in the belief of 
the goodnefs of their own Gods or Heroes, they 
will more hardly be brought over to change their 
own Idols for new ones, without fome better Ar- 
guments to prove thefe to be more valuable, than 
the Miffionaries ordinarily are able to afford them ; 
and if I may freely foeak my opinion, I am apt to 
think, that the grois Idolatry of the Papifts is ra- 
ther a prejudice, than advantage to th^ir Miflions : 
and that their frrft Care (hould be to bring the 
people to be virtuous and confiderate, and their 
next, to give them a plain Hillory and Scheme of 
the fundamental Truths of Chriftianity, and fliew 
them hcTw agreeable they are to natural light, and 
how worthy of God. 

But to return to the jFJ-ewi Prieft ; he at length 
asked nie, if any ot our EngUjh Ships brought Pow- 
der to fell ? 1 told him I thought not. Then he 
asked me if I knew the compofition of Po\Vder t 
I aniwer'd that I had receipts hew to make either 
Cannon or 6ne Powder, and told him the mariner 
of the Compofition. Said he, Lhave the fame 
receipts from Fntmey and have tryed to make 
Powder but coddnot^ and therefore I think the 

H fault 



98 ' The As. 0fdkiMg of Qunptodit. 

',4»a688fault is in our Coals. Tiien he asked me many 
queftions about the Coals^ what were properto be 
ufedy but that I could not (atisfie him in. He de* 
fired me to try to make a pounds and withal told 
me, thathe hadalltheingredients, and an engine 
to mix them. I was eaHly perfwaded to try my 
skill, which I had never yet tried, not knowing 
what I might be put to before I got to England 
and having drank a glalsor two of Wine with him^ 
I went to work ; and it fucceeded fo well^ that I 
plealed him extremely, and fatisfied my own de- 
fire of trying the Receipt, and the Reader fliali * 
have the Hittory of the Op^ation, if hepleafes« 
He brought me Sulphur and Sak-Petre, and I 
weighed a portion of each of thefe, and of Coals 
I gathered up in the hearth, and beat to powder* 
While his man mixed thefe in a little Engine, I 
made afmall Sieve of Parchment, which I pricked 
full of holes, with a fmall Iron made hot, and this 
was to corn it. I had 2 large Arek Nuts to roul in 
theSieve,andwork it thro the holes to corn it.Whea 
it wasdry we proved it,and it anfwered our expeda* 
tion. The receipt I had out of Captain Stur^ 
mgsMagaxinoihxts* 

The being fo f uccefsful in this put me afterwards 
on the renewing of Powder at Beneouli^ when I 
was there Gunner of that Fort. There being 
then about }o Barrels damnified, which was like 
mud , they took it out of the Cask, and put it into 
earthen Jarii ,, that held about 8 Barrels a piece. 
Thefe they call Mortaian Jars, from a Town of 
that name in Pegu, whence they are brought and 
carried all over India. In thefe ^twas intended to 
£bnd the Powder to Fart St. George^ to be renewed 
there : Bur I defired the Governour to let me 
iirft try my skill on it , becaufe we had 
but licde Powder in the Fort, and might 
have wanted before any returns could 

■ be 



The A's. defariunfrpm Hean« ^ pg 

be expeded from thence. The Salt-petre^f».i688 
was funk to the bottom of the Jars, but I mixt it. 
and beat it altogether, and corned it with Sieves 
which I made of my own old Parchment draughts. 
I made thu$ 8 Barrels full of very good Powder 
b^re i went from thence. The French l?nc& told 
me in conclufion, that the Grandees[made all their 
own Powder; and fince I have been informed^ 
that the Soldiers make Powder, as I have already 
laid 

I fpent the remainder of the day in the Palace 
with the Prielt He told me that the Bifliop was 
welI,otherwife I /hould havefeen him: and that be- 
caufe it was a Fifh day, I could not expe^ 
fuch entertainment, as I might have had 
on another day ; yet he ordered a Fowl to 
be broyled for my dinner, and I dined by my felf. 
In the evening he fent me out of the Palace, de- 
firing to.be excufed, that he could not entertain 
me all night : yet ordered his man to 16dge me in 
a Tortqmntfe Chriftian Houfe not far from thence. 
The people were civil, but very poor, and my 
tiOd^ing fuch as I had met with on the Road< I 
have fmcebeen told, that the new Chriftans come 
to do their devotion in the Pallace at night, 
and for that reafoa probably, I was (b foon dif* 

mift. 

Iwas own again pretty well refrefhed,and might 
have gone to Cacbao City a foot : but fearing my 
ftrength, I chofe to go by water. Therefore I 
fent back my Guide : yet before he departed 
back to otir Ships, he bargained with a Tmquinefe 
Waterman for my paiTage to dicbao. 

The Tide not ferving prcf^ntly to imbarfc^ 
I walked about the Town^ and fpent the 
day in viewing it : in the evening I embarked, 
and they chooie an evening for coolnefs, rowing 

Ha all 



ICO He goes by Boat yp U Cachao^. 

^». 1688 all night.\ The Boat was about the bigne^ of a 
' Gr/rv(/i«i Wherry, and was ufed purpofely to carry 
paffengerSi having a fmall covering over»head to 
keep them dry when it rained. There were 4 or y 
mpreofthefe Boats, that went up this Tide full 
of Paffengers. In our Boat were about 20 Men 
and Women, befides 4 or 6 that rowed us. The 
Women chofe their places, and fate by themfelvcs, 
and they had much refped ihewed them : but the 
men flowed clofe together, without /hewing any 
refpe<St more to one than to another, yet all very 
civil. I thruft in among the thickeft of them at 
firft, but my Flux would not fufFer me to reft long 
in a place. About midnight we were fet afhore 
to refrefh our felves at a Baiting place, where 
there were a few Houfes cloie by the Kivers fide, 
and the people up, with Candles lighted, Arack 
and Tea, and little Spits of Meat, and other Pro- 
vifions ready dreft, to receive us. For thefe 
were all Houfes of entertainment, and probably 
got their living by entertaining paffengers. We 
flayed here about an hour, and then entred again 
on Qur Boat, and rowed forwards. The paifen* 
gers fpent the time in merry difcourfe, or Singing, 
after their way, tho to us it feems like crying ,• but 
1 was route for want of perfon I could converfe. 
with. About 8 or 9 a Clock the next day I was^ 
fet alhore • the reft of the paflengers remained in 
th^ Boat, but whither they were bound I know. 
not,nor whether the Boat went quite up to Cach^. 
I was now y or 6 mile flio(t of the City, but* in a 
good path : for the Land here was pretty high, le- 
vel and Sandy,. and the Road plain and dry^ and 
I reached Cacbao by Noon. I prefently went to 
one Mr. Ecwyers Houfe, who was a free Merchant 
with whom Captain fVeldon lodged ; and ftaid. 
with them a few days : but fo weak with my Flux^ 
which daily encreakdp that I was fcarce able to 



Two Bells fa befentfrom Tonquin to Siam. loi 

go about J and fo was forced to learn by others sAn.ieZS 
a great meafure , feveral particulars relating to 
this place. This my wcaknels, joynecj with my 
difappointment, fori found that I was not like to 
be imployed in any Voyage to the Neighbouring 
Countries, as it had been propofed to me, made 
me very defirous of returning back again^ as fcon 
as might be : and it happened opportunely, that 
Captain Wddm had by this time done his bulinefs, 
and was preparing for his departure. 

I went therefore down the River again to our 
Ships, in a Veffel our Merchants had hired, to 
carry their Goods aboard from Cacbas, Among 
other freight , there were z Bells of abouc 
yoo weight each, which h^dbQtnc^R at Cachap by 
thcTon^uinefe^ for my Lord Falcon, the King of 
J/<iw?*s chief Minifter of Stare, and for the ufe of 
fomeof the Chriftian Churches in Siam. The per- 
fon who befpoke them and was to carry them was 
Captain Bnwfitr^ who had not very long before 
come from Siam in a Ship of that Kings, and had 
been cdft away on the Coaft oi Tonquin, but had 
faved moft of his Goods. With thefe he traded at 
Cachao, and among other goods he had purchafed 
to return with to Siam, were thefe 2 Bells> btt> 
which he fent down to be put on board Cafaaifi- 
PFieldon s Ship. But the Bark was ho fooner <focnor 
to ffe^», in going down the River, but thcGover-"^ 
nor of Heans Officers come on! board theBark and 
feized thea Bells in behalf of the chief of the 
Engli[h Fadoryj who underftanding they we^e dcr 
figned for the King of Siam, which they Were not 
fofure of as to the reft of the gcods, and the En^ 
glijh being then at War with the Siamers, he made 
this his pretence for feiziing them, and got tha 
Governor to affift him with his Authority : and 
the JBelU were accordingly carried alliore, and 
kepf ^t H^an, This was tl lught a Very ftrangs 

H ? a^ign 



xOx opportunities ofTrading f^ Japan. 

>^.i688adion of the chiefofthe Fadory^ tofeize Goods 
as belonging to the King oiSiam^ while they were 
in a River o( Ton^uin : but he was a perfon but 
meanly qualified tor the ftacion he was in. Indeed 
had he been a man of Spirit^ he might have been 
ferviceable in getting a Trade with Japan^ which 
is a very rich one, and much coveted by the Eafi- 
€rfi people therafelves,^as well as Europeans. For 
while I was there, there were Merchants came 
every year from Jafan to Tonciuin ; aud by {bme of 
thefe our Englifh FaAory might probably hiave fet- 
tled a Corrcfpondence and Traffick. But he who 
was little qualified for the ftation he was in, was 
lefs fit for ^ny new undertaking : and tho men 
ought not|to runjnconfidcratly into new difcoveries 
or undertakings, yet where there is aprofpedl: of 
profit, I think it not amils for Merchants ^o try 
for a Trade : for if our Anceftors had been as dull 
as we have been of late, 'tis probable we had ne- 
ver krfQwn the way fo much as to the Eajt Indies, 
but rauft have been beholden to our Neighbours, 
for all the Produdof thofe Eafi&rn Nations, What 
care was formerly itaken to get us aTrade into the£. 
Indies^ and other CountriesF what pains particularly 
did fome take to find out the Mufcovites by doubling 
iAit^iiJ^oftb Cape^ and a way thence by land Trade 
imdcPerJia ? but now as it we were cloyed with 
Trade , we fit ftill contented, faying with Cato, 
Ifonmimr efi virtus cjuam qiforere porta tueri. This, 
was the faying of an eminent Merchant of the 
Eafi India Company to me : but by his leave, our 
Neighbours have incroached on us,and that in our 
times too. However 'tis certainly for the intereft 
of our Merchants, to imploy fit nqien in dieirr acfto- 
ries, fince the reputation of the Company rifeth 
or falls by the difcreet management, or illcondud, 
of the Agents. Nor is it enough for the chief of a 
Factory to be a good Merchant, and an honeft 

man : 



OfTride to China, Cochincina, Champa, e^r. f oj 

man: for though thefe are neceffary qualifications, ^i^.i 588 
yet the Governor, or chief of tlie Fadory ought 
to know more than barely how to buy, fell, and 
keep ac^unts. Efpecially where other European 
Merchants refide among them, or Trade^ to the 
fame places ; for they keep a diligent Eye on the 
managementfof our affairs, and are always ready to 
(take all advantages of our mif-improvemcnts. Nei- 
ther ought this care to be negleded where we 
have the Tra^ to our felves, for there ought to 
be a fair anderftanding between us and the Na* 
tives^ and care taken that they fhoiild have no 
reafon to complain of unjuft dealings, as I could 
ihew where there has been j but 'tis an invidious 
fiibje(^,and all that I aim a( is to give a caution.Buc 
to the matter in hand, it feemed to me that our 
Fa<9-ory at Tof^jmn might have got a Trade with 
y^pan: and toCbim as much as they pleafed. I 
confels the continual Wars, between Tonqulnzn^ 
CacbhcUna, were enough to obftru<% the defigns of 
making a Voyage to this laft; and thofe other pl^es 
ofCbamfa QndCamhdiajsit they arelefs known,u> was 
it more unlikely 9ill to make thither any profitable 
Voyages; yet poffibly the difficulties here alfo are 
not fo great, but relolution and (induftry would 
overcome them ; and the profit would abundancly 
compenfate the trouble. 

But to proceed, we found there was no reco- 
vering the Bells : fp we fell down from Hean 
to our Ships : and Captain Weldon coming to 
us in a few days and Captain Brewfier with 
him, to go as a Paffpnger in his Sliip, toge- 
ther with one or two more; and the 2 Ships who 
came with us being alfo ready for their departure, 
we all weighed anchor, and took leave oiTonquitf. 

H4 CHAP< 



104 ^ Author's piepattnte frem Tonqfuidi 



C H A P vr. 

They fetfail out of the Bay ^/Toncjuin. Of 
the R. and Country of Cambodia .• ofC\Ar 
nefe Pirates fettled there^ and the Buggaifes 
a fort of Soldiers under the KingofStzm^ 
both routed by t he En^liih in hirfervfce. They 
pafs by Pulo Condorc, are in fear of the 
King of Siatn, and enter the Streights of 
Malacca by Brewers Streights. They arrive 
at Malacca. The Story of Caf tain Johnlbn .• 
hk buying a Peffel at Malacca, And going over 
^^6anc^li$, a Town on the oppopte Coaji of 
Sumatra, to buy Pepper. His Mnrder by 
the Malayans there^ and the-narrom efcape of 
bk Men and Veffel. The State of Trade in 
tbofe partSy and the Refiraint put upon it. 
Captain Johnfon*^ ^^e/ brought to Malacca 
bf Mr. Wf Us. The Authors departure froM 
Malacca, and arripal at Achin. 

IT was the beginning ofFebr$iaryi6^l when we 
. left this Country. We went over the Bar ? 
Ships in Company , the Rainbtm; Captain Pool Com- 
IQander bound for London, and Captain Lacy in 
the Saphire bound for Fort St. George, and I was in 
Captain IVeldens Ship the Curtme, bound thither 
^llo. Ws kept Company fome time after our de- 
parture from Tonqnin, and having an Eaftprly 
Wind we kept more to the middle of fhe Bay ol 
Tonquin^ or towards the Eaftern fide, than when 
we entrq/d : by which nieaqs we had the opportu- 
tiity of founding as well in the middleof t he Bay 



R. and K. of CAmbodi^^ ttsprddna. io$ 

|iow, as we had on the Weft fide of it, ^^ ^^^ ^^ An.i6%% 
njing into the Bay. » . \ii * 

Coming out af the Bay of Ta^uin, we ftood 
away Southward, having the Shot es of Fraceloa 
our Larboard, and the Coafts of Cocbincbma, Cham- 
fa, and Cambodia on oui^ Starboard. I have juft 
paentioned thefe Kingdoms in my former Volume ; 
and here I have but little to fay of them, having 
only failed by them. But not altogether to fail the 
Readers expectation, I Oiali give a brief 
account of one or two particulars relating to Cam^ 
hdia. : for as to Champa^ I have nothing material 
to (peak } and Cocbincbina^ I have already fpoken of 
in this Volume, as I went to Tonquln. 

The Kingdom olCamiodia feems to be much facii 
a kind of Country within Land, as the lower 
parts of Tonquin : low Land, very woody, and little 
' inhabited, lying on each (ide a great River, that 
comes from the North a greajt way, and falls into 
the Sea over againft Tula Condore. I know not the 
particular produd of Cambodia^ but in the Veflels 
mentioned in my former Vol. p. ^99. as taken ac 
pulo TJby^ and which came thither from CamboJis^ 
there were beridesRice,Dragons Blood, Lack, ia 
great Jars,but it lookt blackimand thick ; and the 
yellow purging Gum, whicH we from thence call 
Qambodia^ in great Cakes, but I know not whence 
they get it. This River and Kingdom (if it be 
one j is but little known to our Nation : yet fome 
English men have been there ,• particularly Captain 
WUUamszndi Captain Howel^ the laftofwhoml 
came apquainted with fome time after this at Fen 
:St. George J and I had of him the following account^ 
the particulars of which I have alfo had confirmed 
by the Seamen who were with tbem* 
- Thele two Captains, with many more Englijb 
men, bad been for fome time in the fervice of the 
' King oiSmms and each of them commanded 9 



io5 Chiffefe Pirates intheR, ^/Cambodia. 

•^ii.ifiSSftoutFrigotofhis, mann'd chiefly with Ei»f///]!i, and 
^fome Tartuguefe born at Siam. Thefe the King of 
Siamkm agaioft fome Pyrates^ who made fpoyi 
of his Subjefe Trading Mn thefe Seas, and nett- 
ed themfelves in anifland up the River o£ Cambodia. 
Captain Hwel told me, that they found this 
River very large, efpecially at its mouth; that 'tis 
deep and navigable for very great Veflfels, 60 or 
70 Leagues up, and that its depth and widenefs 
extended much further up, for ought he knew : 
but fo far they went up, at this time, with their 
Ships. The Courfe of the River is generally from 
North to South : and they found the Land low on 
each fide, with many large c reeks and branches, 
and infome places confiderable Iflands. They 
bended their Courfe Up that branch which feem'^ 
moft confiderable, having theTyde of flood with 
them, and the River commonly fo wide, as to 
give them room to turn, or make Angles, where 
the bending of the River was fuch, as to receive a 
contrary Eaft, or South Eaft Sea Wind. Thefe 
reaches or bendings of the River Eaft and Weft 
were very rare ; at leaft fo as to make their Courfe 
be againft the Sea wind, which commonly blew 
in their Stern, andfofre(h, that with it they could 
ftem the Tyde of Ebb. But , in the night when 
the Land winds came, they anchored, and lay 
ftill till about lo or 11 a Clock the next day^ at 
which time the Sea-breeze ufually fprangup again, 
and enabled them to continue their Courfe, till 
they came to the Ifland, where the Pirats inha- 
bited. They prefently began to fire at them, and 
landing their men, routed them, and burned their 
Houfes and Fortifications, and taking many pri- 
foners returned again. 

Thefe Piratical ^ People were by Nation Chhefi, 
who when the Tartars conquered their Country, 
fled from thence in their own Ships : as choofing 

rather 



T^he Pirates carried to Macao in China. 107 

rather to live any where free^ than to fubtnit to Ama 6%^ 
the Tartars; Thefe it feems in their flight bent 
their Courfe towards this Country^ and finding 
the River of Onm^oi&i open before them^ theyniade 
bold to encer^ and fettle on the Ifland before men- 
tioned. There they built a Town, and fenced it 
round about with a kind of Wood-pile, or Wail dt 
great Timber Trees laid along of the thicknefs of 
; or 4 of thefe Trees, and of about as many in 
faeighth. They were provided with all forts of 
Planters in ft rumen ts^ and the Land hereabouts was 
excellent good^ as our Englifi) men told me, fo 
that 'tis like they might have lived here happily 
enough^ had their inclinations led them to a quiet 
Life: but they brought Arms along with them, 
* and chofe to ufe them, rather than their Inftxu- 
ments of Husbandry ; and they lived therefore 
moftly by rapin, pillaging their Neighbours, who 
were more addided to trailick than fighting.B^t'the 
King of SianisSyA>]tGts having been long hari^afTed 
by them at Sea , he firfl lent fome Forces by 
Land^ to drive them out of their Fort : till not 
fucceeding that way, he entirely Routed them by 
fending thefe 2 Ships up the River. The 2 Englifi 
Captains having thus effeded their bufmefs, re- 
turned out of the River with many Prifoners : but 
the South Weft Monfoon being al ready fe t in , they 
could not prefently return to Siam, and therefore 
went to Al(k:ao in China; as well to wait for the N, 
Eafl Monfoon ,• as to ingratiate themfelves with 
the Tartars^ who they thought would be pleafed 
with the Conquefl-^ which they had made over 
thefe Cbimfe Pyrates. They were well entertained 
there by the Tartarian Governor, and gave him 
their Prifoners: and upon the ftiifcing of the 
Monfoon, they returned to Siam. There they 
were received with great applaufe. Nor was 
this the Orfl fucccfsful expedition the EngUp: have 

made 



.* 



I 

lo8 '" The l&uggzffcs^^a fort of Free-tooterf. . 

Ji(.i6SS made in the K. of Siams fervice. They once Ikve^ 
^ the Country, by fupprefling an infurre^aion made 
by the Bugg$fes. The Buggajfes are a fort of war- 
like Tramng Afii&//»»X3 and mercenary Soldiers of 
India : I know not well whence they come, unlefs 
from Macaffer in the Ifland Celebes. Many of them 
had been entertained at Siam in the Kings fervice : 
but at laft being difgufted at fome ill uifiage, they 
flood up in their own defence. Some hun- 
dreds of them got together, all well armed : and 
thefeftruck a dread into the hearts of the StAmites 
none of whom were able to ftand before them* 
till Confiant Falcon the chief Minifter, Commanded 
the Engli^ that were thenjn the Kings fervice to 
march againft them, which they did with fuccels, 
tho with fome confiderable lofs. For thefe fervices 
the King gave every year to each of them , a 
great Silk Coat, onjwhich were juft i; Buttons. 
Thofe of the chief Commanders were of Mafly 
Gold, and thofe of the inferiour Officers were of 
Silver Plate. This Expedition againft the Cbinefe Pi- 
rats was about the year 1687 • ^he other broyl with 
the Buggajfes was, as 1 take it, fome time before^ 
But to proceed with our Voyage, we ftill kept 
our way Southward, and in company together, 
till we came about Tulo Condore : but then Captain 
PW parted from us, ftanding more direAly South, 
for the Streights of Sundy : and we fteer'd more to 
the Weftward, to go thro the Streights of Malacca 
ihro which we came before. Captain Brewfier 
and another of our Paflengers began now to be in 
fear that the King of Siam would fend Ships to 
lye at the Mouth of the Streights of Malacca^ and 
intercept our paffage, becaufe there was a War 
broke out between the English Eajf India Company 
and that Prince. This (eemed the more likely, 
becaufe the FrcKcb at this time were imployed in 
that Kings fervice, by the means of a French Bifhop 

anj^ 



The A. enters the Streights ofM^zccz. lof 

and other EccUpa(ticks j who were ftriving to con-^.j^g 
vert the King and people to Chriftianity, thro the 
Incereft they had got in Confiant Falcon. Particu* 
iarly they were afraid^ that the King of Siam would 
fend the z Ships before mentioned^ which Captain 
Williams and Capt Howel had cojtnmanded a little 
before^to lye at the weft end of theStreights mouth; 
but probably mann'd with French Men and frencb 
CommanderSyto take us. Now thojhis made but 
little impreflion on the minds of our Commanders 
and Officers^ yet it fo happened that we had fuch 
thick dark weather^ when we came near the firft 
Entrance oftheStreights oi Mala€cayVf\Ac\i was that 
we canoe by^ and by which we meant to return^ 
that we thought it not fafe to ftand in at night^: 
and fo lay by till morning. The next day we law 
a Jonk to the Southward^ and chafed her j and 
having fpoke with her we made faU^ and ftood to 
the Weft ward . to pa& the Streights j and making 
the Land^ we found we were to the Southward of 
the Streights firft mouth, and were gotten to the 
Southermoft £ntrance,near th^Smnatra Ihore : but 
Captain Lacy^ whQ chofe to go the old way^ made 
fail again to th^ Northward^ and fo paiTed nearer 
the Malacca ikofe i)y the Sincapare^ the way we 
went before. His was alfo the heft and neareft 
way : but Captain Weldm was . willing to fa- 
tisfie his curioiity, and try a new paffage : 
which we got thro, tho we had but little depth of 
water : and this Entrance we paft is called Brewers 
Streights. 

Breakers Streights are fometimes paffed by fmall 
Ships, that fail j&om BaPavia to Malacca,. bQCBufh 
for them it is a nearer cut, than to run fo far as 
Pulo Timaony or the Streights of Sincapore. In this 
Channel, tho in fome places we found but 14 or 
1 f foot w.ater, yet the bottom was foft Oaze : and 
^t lies fo among Iflands, that there cannot go a 

great 



Ml 6 The A^mives'^ Malacca^ 

^Jm\ X 688great Sea* Captain WeUm had alfo a Dmb man 
aboard wha had been this way^ and he profeffing 
to know the Channel^ incouraged our Captain to 
try ic^ which we efie(9:ed very well^ tho fometimes 
we had but little more water than we drew. Thi s 
made us rnake but an eafy Sail , and therefore 
we were 7 or 8 days before we arrived at Malacca j 
Ibut Captain Laey was there 2 or ; days before 

Here we firft beard of the Death of Cmfiaiff 
Pakmj for whom Captain Bren^fier feemed to be 
much concerned. There alfo we found, befides 
leveral Dmcb Sloops, and our Companion Captain 
Lacfi 8n Englifi Veffel of 3 y or 40 Tuns. Thid 
Veflel was fought by one Captain Johnfm^ who 
was fent by the Governor of Befiemli , in a 
finall Sloop,to Trade about the Ifland di Sumatra for 
Pepper •* but Captain Jehf^an being killed, theSloop^ 
was brought hither by one Mr. ff^eUs^ 

Being thus infenfibly fallen into the mention of 
this Captain Jobnfm 1 and intending to def<^ what 
tittle I have to fay of Malacca, till my coming thi- 
ther again from Achin : I (hall beftow the reft of 
this Chapter in fpeaking of this mans Tragedy, and 
other occurences relating to it,which tho of no great 
moment in themfelves^yet theCircumftances I fhall 
have occafionto relate with them^ may bec^ufe 
to the giving fomefmall light into the ftate of the 
oppofite Coaft of Sumatra, which was the Scene of 
what lam going to ipeak of: for tho I (hall 
have other occasion to fpeak of Achin and Bencmli, 
yet I fhall not have opportunity to fay any thing 
of this part oft hat Ifland,oppofite toMdacca, unlets 
I do it here. To go on therefore with his Story, it 
feems Cz^tzmjohnfm was part owner of the fmaU 
BencoolySioo^ : but thinking it too fmall for his turn, 
became tOi^^/^cc^^intending to buy a largerSloop of 
the Dutch, if he could light on a bargainiiehad the 

beft 



OfCapt. ]ohnfoli dnd Mr Wells. m 

t^ft part of a thoufand Dollars in Spamfh monty An.i 6^9 
aboard^ for which one roay purchafe a good "• 
Sloop here : for the Dutcb^zs I have before obferv'd, 
do often buy Proe-boctotns for a fmall matter^ of 
the Miil0f4My efpecially of the people of Jibore^ 
and convert them into Sloops^ either for their own 
ufe, or to fell. Of tbefefort of Veffels therefore 
the Dutch men of Malacca have plenty, and can 
a^ord good pennyworths, and doubtlefi it was for 
tlus redbn that Captain Jdrnfm came hither to 

f purchafe a Sloop.Here he met with a bargain, not 
uch a Proe*bottom reformed, but an old ill ftiaped 
thing, yet fuch a one as pleafed him. The Du$cb 
man who fold him this VeiTel told him withal that 
the Government did not allow any fuch dealings 
with the Englifiy tho they might wkik at it : ^nd 
that therefore the fafeft way for them both to keep 
pat of trouble, would be to run over to the other 
lide the Streights, to a Town called Bancalis on 
Sumatra I where they might fafely buy and fell, or 
exchange without any notice taken of them. Cap- 
tain J^bnfcn accepting the offer, they failed both 
together over to Bancalis, a Malayan Town on that 
Coaft, commanding the Country about it« There 
they came to an anchor, and Captain Jobnfm 
paying the price agreed on for the Veflel, he had 
her delivered to him. The Dutchman immediately 
returned over to Malacca again, leaving Captain 
Jolmpm with z VdSels under his Command, vk^. 
the Sloop that he brought from Btnccoly, and this 
new bought Veffel. The Btncgolj Sloop he fent 
into a large River hard by, to Trade with the 
Malajam for Pepper, under the Command of Mr. 
Wells. He was no Seaman, but a pretty intelligent 
perfon^ that came iirft out of England z% a Soldier, 
to ferve the Eaft India Company in the Ifland Santa 
Helena JrU lived fometime very meanly in thatlfland: 
but having an afpiring mind, he left that poor, but 

healthy 



I IX LalcarV, and other Seamen in the lE:d&lTi6xQs^ 

^1688 healthy place^toferve theCompany atfi«wrew//j which 
^tho 'tis accounted the nioft unhealthy place of any 
that we Trade too, yet the hopes of preferment 
engaged him to remove thithen After fome ftay 
thcre^ he was fent with Captain Jobnfin to affift 
him in this Pepper expedition ; more becaufe he 
could ufe his Pen, than his Hands in Sea fervice. 
He had ; or 4 raw Seamen with him, to work 
the Sloop up into the River. Captain Jdmfm 
ftayed near Batkalk to fit his new VeflTel i for with* 
other necefTaries fhe wanted a new Boltfprit 3 
winch he intended to cut here, having a Carpenter 
with him for that purpofe ; as alfo to repair and 
firher to his mind. He had alfo a few other raw 
Seamen^ but fuch as would have made *better 
Landmen, thfty having ferved the KingofS^mas 
Soldiers: and they were but lately come from 
thence with the Frtnch^ w ho were forced to leave 
that Country. But here xn'^^Iniits^QyxxTmglt^f 
are forced for want of better, to make ufe of any 
Seamen fuch as they can get, and indeed cur 
Merchants are often put hard to it for want of 
Seamen. Here are indeed Lajcars orlnMan Seamen 
enough to be hired ,* and thefe they often make ule 
of: yet they always covet an Englijhman or 2 in a 
Veifelto affift them. Not but that thtk Lafcars 
are (bme of them indifferent good Sailers, and 
might do well enough : but an Englifh man will be 
accounted more faithful, to be employed on mat- 
ters of moment j beHde the more free Converfation 
chat may be expcAed from them, during the term 
* of the Voyage. So that tho oJFt rimes their EngUJh 
men are but ordinary Sailers, yet they are pro* 
moced to fome charge of which they could not be 
fb capable any where but in thcE^fihtdi^s. Thefe 
Seamen would be in a manner wholly ufelefs in 
Europe^ where we meet wich more frequent and 
hai:d fiorms. but here they fcrve indifferent well, 

ef. 



Copt. Jobnfon/x l^Hled hy the Malayans. 115 

efpccially to go and Come with the Monfoonsi but An.16^% 
enoagh of that* 

Mr. fVelh being gone to purchafe Pepper, Capt. 
Jobnjm went aihore about y or 6 leagues from Ban- 
r^/ij Town with his Carpenter, to cut a Boltfprit j 
there being there plenty of Timber Trees fit for his 
purpoie. He foon ehofe one to his mind, and 
cut it down • Ht and his Carpenter wrought on^ 
k the firft andfecond days without moleltation. 
The ^d day they were both fet upon by a band of 
Brmed MaJajans^ who killed them both* In the 
evening the Sailers who were left aboard, lookc 
out for their Commander to come off: but night 
approached without feeing or hearing from him.* 
This put them in fome doubt df his lafety • for 
diey were fenftble enough, that the Malayans that 
inhabited thereabouts were very treacherous : as 
indeed all of them are, efpecially thofe who have 
but little Commerce with Strangers : and there - 
JPore all people ought to be very careful iii dealing 
with them, fo as to give them no advantage ,• and 
then they may Trade fafe enough. 

There were but'4 Seamen aboard Captain JobH^ 
fins Sloop. Thtfe being tetrrified by the abfence 
of their Commander, and fufpeding the truMi, 
were now very apprehehfive of their own fafeties. 
They charged their Guns, and kept themfelves 
on l:heirguardsexpe<ftingto be aifaulted by the 
Aialofms. They had 2 Blunderbufles, and ; or 4 
Muskets : each man took one in his Hand, with a 
Caduce box at his wafte, and looked out marp for 
fear of an Enemy. While they were thus on* their 
guard, the Malayans in 6 or 8 Canoes, came very 
liJently to attack the Sloop^ They were about 40 
or fo men, armed with Eanees and Creffes. The 
darknefs of the night favoured their defigns, and 
they were even aboard before the Seamen per- 
ceived them. Then thefe began to Fire, arid the , 

1 Enemy 



114 His Men maki? ^ have dtfinei. *^^ 

'^«.i688Enemy darted their Lances aboard^ and boarding 
the Veffel, they entered her over the Prow, The 
Seamen refolutely defended her, and drove them 
overboard again. Of the 4 Seameia, ^ wer6 deC* 
perately wounded in the fixfi attack , The Midtif^ 
ans took frefh Courage and entered agaiin ; and the 
a Seamen who were not wounded^ betook them- 
f elves to clofe quarters in the Steerage ; * and there 
being Loop-holes to fire oucat,, they repulied the 
Malayans again^ forcing them into their Canoas, 
Their bellies being now pretty full, they returned 
alhore. withouthopes of conquering the Sloop» The 
poor Seamen Were (till in fear, and kept watch all 
night ; intending to fell their lives as dear as they 
could, if they had been attacked again. For 
they might not, neither did they expe<9: quarter, 
from thefe Salvage Malayant : but they were no 
more aiTaulted* Thefe two that were wounded, 
dyed in a ihort time. 

The next day the z Seamen got up their anchor, 
and run as nigh the Town oiBancalis as they could, 
it may be within half a mile. There they an- 
chored again, and made figns for the People to 
come aboard. It was not long before the Sbaban' 
der or chief Magiftrate of the Town came off : to 
him they told all their misfortunes, and defined him 
to proted them, becaufe ihey were not of fufficient 
Arength to hold out againft another attack. The 
Shabander feemed very forry for what had hapned, 
and told them withal, that he could not help 
what was paft, for that the People that did it were 
wild unruly Men, not fubjeft to Government, 
and that it was not in his power to fupprefs them : 
bat that as long as they lay there fome of his men 
ihould lye aboard to fecure the Ship, and he, in 
the mean time, would fend a Canoa to their con- 
fort Mr. IVells^ to give him an account how things 
went. Accordingly ht leiFc 10 or la^ of his own 



Thi Pepper Trade in thefe parts, * ' J 

i^alny am zhoard the Bark, and fent a Letter writ* An.i6^S 
ten by the SeaiAen to Mr. ff^ells • who was, as ^ 

1 have (aid^ dealing with the Natives for Pepper, 
in a River at fome diftance. 

It was 2 or ; days before Mr. Pf^eBs came to them. 
He had not then received the Letter, and tftdrefore 
they fafpeded the ShabanJer of falfhood j tho 
his men were yer very kind, and ferviceable to the 

2 Seamen. lAr. Wells had heard nothing of their 
diiafters, btit returned for want of Trade ; at leaft 
fuch a full Trade Jas he exf)e<fted. For tho here is 
Pepper growing, yet not fo much as might allure 
any one to feek after it : for the Dutch arc fo near, 
that none can come to Trade among them but by 
their permiffion. And tho the Natives themfelves 
were never fo willing to Trade with any Nation, 
as indeed they are, yet the Dutch could foon hin- 
der i^ even by deftroying them, if in order to it 

. they ftiould fet themfelves to produce much Pepper. 
Such fmaH quantities as' they do at prefent raile up, 
or procure from other parts of the Ifland, is lickt 
by the Dutch ^ or by their friends of B^»c<i& for 
them : for the Town of BancaUs being the princi- 
pal of thefe parts, and fo nigh Malacca^ as only 
parted by the narrow Sea or Streights^ 'tis vifited 
by the Dtitch in their fmaH Veffels, and feems wholly 
to depend on a Trade with that Nation, not 
daring to Trade with any befides: and I judge it 
is by the frieudfhip of this Town, that the Dutch 
driveafmall Trade for Pepper in thefe parts, and 
by it alfo vend many their own Commodities : 
and thefe alfo trading with their Neighbours into 
the Country, do bring their Commodities hither, 
where the Dutch come for them. The people of 
Bancalis therefore, tho they are Malayans ^ as 
the reft of the Country, yet they are civil 
enough, engaged thereto by Trade : for the more 
jTrade, the more civility ; and on the contrary, 

I 2 the 



11^ Opprejfion^ d prejudice t(h Trade. 

An.i688t\\t lefs Trade the more barbarity and inhumanity* 
For Trade has a ftrong influence upon all people, 
who have found the fweet of it, bringing with it 
fo many of the Conveniencies of Life as it does. 
And I believe that even the poor Americans^ who 
have not yet tafted the fweetnefs of k, ipight be 
allured to it by an honeft and juft Commerce : even 
fuchof as them do yet fcem to covet no more than 
a bare fubfiftance of meat and drink, and a clout 
to cover their nakednefs. That large Continent 
hath yet Millions of inhabitants, both on the Alexia 
eanzn^Veruvlan^zxtSy who xare ftill ignorant of 
Trade : and they would be fond of it, did they 
once experience it ^ tho at the prefent they live 
happy enough, byjenjoyJhg fuch fruits of the 
Earth, as nature hath bellowed on thole places^ 
where their Lot is fallen : and it may be they are 
happier now, than they may hereafter be, when 
more known to ihQAvarhious fforldJtov withTrade 
they will be in danger of meeting with oppreffion : 
men not being content with a free Traffick, and a 
juft and reafonable gain, efpecially in thefe remote 
Countries : but they muft have the current run 
altogether in their own Channel, tho to the de- 
priving the poor Natives they deal with, oftheir 
natural Liberty : as if all mankind were to be ruled 
by their Laws. The Iflands of Sumatra and Java 
can fufficiently witnefs this ,• the Dutch^ having in 
a manner ingroft all the Trade of thofe, and 
fevcral of the Neighbouring Countries to them- 
felves ; not that they are able to fupply the Natives 
with a quarter of what they want, but becaufe 
they would have all the produce of them at their 
owndiljpofal. Yet even in this they are fliort, and 
may be ftiil more difappointedof the Pepper Trade, 
if other People would feek for it. For the greateft 
part of die Ifland o( Sumatra propagates this Plant, 
^nd the Natives would readily comply with any, 

who 



The Malayans in fear Qf the Dutch. 117 

who would come to Trade with them, notwith-^;;.i688 
Handing the great endeavours theDz/r^ib make againft 
it : for this Ifland is fo large, populous, and pro- 
duiftive of Pepper, that the Dutch arf not able to 
draw all to themfelves. Indeed this place about 
Bancalis^ is in a manner at their devotion ,• and for 
ought I know, it was through a defign qf being 
revenged on the Dutch that Captain Johnfcn loft his 
life. 1 find the Malayans \n general, are implacable 
Enemies to the Dutch • and all feems to fpring 
from an earneft defire they have a free. Trade, 
which is reftrained by them, not Only here, but in 
the Spice Iflands, and in all other places, where 
they have any power. But 'tis freedom on!y muft 
bethe means to incourage any of thefe remote 
people to Trade j efpecially fuch of them as arein- 
duftrious,and whofe inclinations are bent this way; 
asmoft of the Malayans zve^ and the Major part Of 
the people of the • Eafi Indies, even from the Cape 
of Good Hope Eaftward to Jafan\ both Connnent 
and Iflands. For tho in many places, they arp 
limited by the Dutch^ Engliflj^ Danes^ &c. and re. 
ilrain'd from a free Trade with other Nations, yet 
have they continually fliewn what an uneafinefs 
that is to them. And how dear has this Reftraint 
coft the D^tch ? when yet neither c^n they with ail 
the Forts and Guard-Ships fecure the Trade wholly 
to thenifelves, any more then the Barlavmta Fleet 
can fecure the Trade of the Wef Indies to the Spa- 
niards i but enough of this master. 

You have heard before, that Mr.Wells came with 
his Sloop to Bancalis^ to the great joy ojF the z 
men, that were yet alive in Captain Johnfons 
VeffeU Thefe 2 Seamen were fo juft, that they 
put all Captain Johnfons Papers and Money into 
oneCheft, then lockt it, and put the Key of it 
into another Cheft ,• and locking that, flung the 
Key of it into the Sea : and when Mr IVdU 

I J • -O'tme 



Ii8 The A. departs fr$m lA^\^cc^* 

jClw. 1 68 8 came aboard^ they offered him the Command of 
both Veffels, Hefeemingly refilled it, faying that 
he was no Seaman, and could not manage either of 
them : yet by much importunity he accepted thej 
Command of them, or at lead undertook the ac- 
count of what was in the Sloop, engaging to give 
a faithful account of it to Governor Bloom. 

They were all now fo weakned, that they werq 
but juft enough to fail one of the Veffels. There- 
fore they fent to the Shabander of Bancalis, to deOre 
Ibme of his Men, to help i fail the Sloops over to 
Malacca^ but he refufed it. Then they offered tQ 
fell one of them for a fmall matter, but neither 
would he buy. Then they offered to give him the 
fmalleft : to that he anfwered, that he did notfdare 
to accept of her, for fear of the Dutch. Then Mr. 
Wells and his crew concluded to take the Pepper 
, and all the Stores out of the fmall Veffel, and bum 
her; and go away with the other to Malacca,, 
This they put in execution j and prefently went 
away, and opening Captain Johnfans Cheft ^ 
they found 2 or 300 Dollars in Money. This 
with all his Writings, and what eif4 they found of 
value, Mr. Tf^elU took into his poffeflion. In a very 
fhort time they got over to Malacca. There they 
^flayed expecfting the coming of fome Englifh Ship, 
f to get a Pilot to Navigate the Sloop : for neither 
of them would undertake to Navigate her farther, 
/Captain Lacy coming hither firft, he fpared Mr. 
Tfells^ his chief Mate, to Navigate her to Acbm : 
/^hen we came hither, they were ready to fail,and 
went away 2 or 5 days before us. 

To return therefore to our own Voyage, Cap* 
tdlnWeUm having finifhed hisbufinefs at Malacca ^ 
we failed again, fleering towards Acbin^ where lie 
defigned to touch in his way to Fort St. George. We 
overtook Mr Wells dbout %$ leagues fliort oiAchin^ 
againft the River Pajfange Jotica : and ftortly after 

we 



His arrwdl at hclAn. lip 

we both arrived at Jchin^ and anchored in the -^w. 168 8 
Road, about the beginning oi March 1689. Here 
I took my leave pt Captain Weldmy and of my 
friend Mr. Hall^ who went with us to Tonquln^ and 
I went afliore, being very weak with my Flux, as 
I had been all the Voyage. Captain WeUon offered 
me any kindnefs that lay in his Power at Fort St. 
fhorgtj if I w6uld go with him thither: but I chofe 
rather to ftay here^ having iomt fmall acquaintance^ 
than to go in that weak condition^ to a place 
where J was wholly unknown. But Mr. Hall went 
with Captaia IV^ldon to Port St. George, and froni 
thence in a fhort time returned to England in the 
Williamfm di London* 



I4 CHAP. 



J to TJe Country <?/'Acnin defcrih'd, 

\An.i6SS ..^ _^_ 

CHAP vir. 

I 

The Country of AcKm defcrihed: its Situation 
and Extent. Golden Mount, and the Neigh^ 
bouring Ijles of W^y and Qomez, &c. making 
fever al Channels and the Road of Acbin.XJ&e 
Soil of the Continent i^ Trees and FrHtts^ par* 
ticularly the Mangaftan and Punlple*no£e. 
Their Root^^ Herbs ^ and Drygi^ the Herb 
Canga e?r Bang, ^WCamphire } the Pepper 
£/ Sumatra, and Gold of Achin. TheBeafhs^ 
FovpI^ and Fijh. , The People^ their Temper^ 
Habits^ Buildings. City of Achin, and Trades. 
The Husbandry^ Fifhery^ Carpenters^ and Fly- 
ing Pr(7ex. The Money-changers^ Coin and 
Weights. Of the Gold^ Mines. The Merchants 
who come to Achin .- and of the Chinefe Camp 
jor Fair. The wajhing ufeaat Achin. A Chi- 
nefe Renegado. Punijhments for Theft and 
other Crimes^ the Government of Achin 5 of 
the ^een^ Oronk^ys or Nobles j ana 
of ihe Slavery of the Peopk. 2 he State 
kfpt by the Eaftern Princes. A Civil War 
here upon the choice of a new ^een. The A. 
and the other £ngli(h in a fright^ upon a 
feizure made of a Moors Ship hy an Engli(h 
Captain. The weather^ foods ^ and heat at 
Achin. 

BEing now arrived at Achin again, I thiitk it not 
amifs to give the Reader fome fliort account 
of what obiervations I made of that City ahd Coun- 
try, 



Mxtent of the Kingdom of Achin. Golden Mount. 121 

f^y. This Kingdom is the hrgeft and beft peopled 4n,i&&% 
'^f many fmall ones, rhat are up and down th& Ifle 
oiSumatrai and it makes the North Weft end of 
that Ifland* It reaches Eaft ward from that N. W. 
point of the Ifland, a great way along the ihore, 
towards the Strciglits of Malacca, for about 5*0 or 60 
Leagues.But from Diamond ^omt j which is about 40 
Leagues from Achin^ towards the borders of the 
Kingdom, the Inhabitants, tho belonging to Achln^ 
•are lefe in fubjedion to it. Of thefc J can fay but 
little j ndthcr do 1 know the hounds of this King- 
^om, either within Land, or along the Weft Coafti 
That Weft fide of the Kingdom, is high and moun- 
tainous : as is generally the reft of the Weft Coaft 
of the whole Ifland. The point alfo of Achin, or 
extremity of the Ifland, is High Land ; but Achin 
it felf, and the Country to the Eaft ward, is lower, 
not altogether deftitute of fmall Hills, and every 
where cf a moderate heighth , and a Champioa 
Country, naturally very fie for Cultivation. .... 

There is one Hill more remarkable tbanordinafy^ 
efpectally to Seamen. The Engl/fi^ call ic tht.. GoUm 
' Mount : but whether this rtame is given it by . the 
Natives, or only by the EngUfij^ I .know not, ; 'Tis 
near the N- W. end of the Ifland ,• and Achin ft^nds 
fcuf y or 6 milefiom the'bottom of it, 'Tis very 
large iat the foot^ and runs up fmallcr towards. tha 
head i which is raifed fo high, as to be feen at Sea 
qo or 40 leagues. This was the firft Land that we 
law coming in our Proe from the Nicohar IJlanJs^ 
mentioned in my former Voyage. The reft of the 
Land,tho of a good heighth, was then undiCcerned 
by us, fo that this Mountain appeared like an ifland 
in the Sea^- which was the Reafon why our Achin 
Mal^am took it for VuloWaj. But , that ifland tho 
pretty high Champion Land, was invifible, when 
this GVig»ilA«f?? appeared fo plain, tho asfardiftanc 
as thac Ifland, 

Be- 



\ 



124 i?WijfAchin, P.way, P« Gamez, P. RiHido« 

l/fn.i6S8 Befides what beloxigs to Acbin upon the Conti- 
i^nent, there are alfo feveral Iflands under its Jurif* 
diction , moft: of them uninhabited ; and the(e 
make the Road of ^ri^rVi. Aoiongthem is this pulo 
IVaj, which is theEafternmoftof aRange oflflaAds^ 
that lye off the N. W. end of Sumatra. It is alfo 
the largeft of them^ and it is inhabited by Male- 
fedors, who are baniftit thither from Acbin. This, 
with the other Iflands of this Range, lye in a femi- 
circular form, of about 7 Leagues diameter. Puh 
Gjmez, is another large Ifland about 20 mile Weft 
from Pulo Way^ and about ; Leagues from the N. W, 
point of Sumatra. Between P^k Gomez,^ and the 
Main are ; or 4 other fmall Iflands ; yet withChan* 
nels of afufficient Ix^eadth between them, for Ships 
to pafs through ; and they have very deep water. All 
Ships bound itovsi Acbin to the Weft ward, or coming 
from thence to Acbin^ go in and out thro one or 
other of thefe Channels : and becauie flupping 
comes hither from the Coafl: of Swtat, one of theil 
Channels, which is deeper than the reft, is called 
the Surrat Channel. BttWQQo PhIq Gomex, ^nd Pulo 
Waf/^ in the bending of the Circle, there are other 
fmall Ifland<:, the . qhief of whiph is called PmU 
JStondo. This is a fmall round ■ high Ifland, not a 
above 2 or ; mile in circumference. It lyes almoft 
in the extremity of the bending on the N. E. part 
of the Circle, but nearer Pulo Way than Pulo G0f$e9^^ 
There are large deep Channels qn either fide, but 
the moft frequented is the Channel on the Weft 
fide. Which is called the Bengal Channel, becaufe 
it looks towards that.Bay ; and Ships coming from 
thence, from the Coaft 01 Cormandel^paik in and out 
this way .Between Pulo Way and the Main oiSumatrti 
is another Channel of; or 4 Leagues wide: which 
is the Channel for Ships, that go from Acbin to the 
Streights of Malaccdy or any Country to the £aft of 
thofe Streights, dsAvi^verfa, There is goodridipg 



The Soil here^ and. At E. Cokcr in Soraerfet. 115 

in all this Semicircular Bay between the Iflands andy49s.i68S 
Sumatra : but the Road for all Ships that come to 
Achin is near the Sumatra Shore, within all .the 
Iflands. There they anchor at what diftancesthey 
plea£e« according to the Monfoons or Seafons of 
the Yean There is a fmall Navigable River comes 
out into the Sea^ by which Ships tranfport their 
Commodities in fmaller Vellels up to the City. 
The mouth of this River is 6 or 7 Leagues from 
Fulo Rondo^ and ; or 4 from Pulo Waj^ and near as 
many from Tulo Gomez,. The IflSnds are pretty 
high Champion Land, the mould black or yellow, 
the Soyl deep and fat, producing large tall Trees, 
fit for any ufes. There are brooks of water on the 
2 great Iflands of Way and Gcmez,^ and feveral forts 
of wild Animals i efpecially wild Hogs in abun- 
dance. 

The Mold of this Continent is diilerent according 
to the natural poflrion of it. The Mountains are 
Rocky, efpecially thofe towards the Weft Coaft j 
yet moft that I have feen feems to have a ifuperfi- 
ciai covering of Earth^naturally producing Shrubs, 
(mall Trees, or pretty good Grafs. The Imall 
Hills arerooftof them cloathed with Woods, the 
Trees whereof feeni by their growth to fpring from 
a fruitful Soyl ; the Champion Land , fuch as I 
have feen, is fome black, fomegrey, fomereddilb, 
and all of a deep mold. But to be very particular 
in thefe things, efpecially in all my Travels^ is more 
than lean pretend to ; tho it may be I took as much 
notice of the difference of Soil as I met with it. 
as moft Travellers have done^ having been bred 
in my youth in Sofmrjetfhire , at a place called Eafi 
Coker near Teovil or Evil : In which Parifli theie 
is as great variety of Soil, as I haye ordinarily met 
with any where, viz, blacky red, yellow , fandy, 
ftony, clay, morafs, or fwampy, &c. I had the 
more reafon to take notice of this^ becaufe this Yi!^ 

lage 



124 ^^^ Waters^ VVoods^ Trees ^ Fruits^ &€••'! 

/fw.r688Iage in a great meafure is Let out in fmallLeafes for 
•*^ Lives of 20, ;o, 40, or jo pound per Ann. under 
Coll. He//i/ir the Lord of the Mannor: and moft,!^ 
not all thefe Tenants, had their own Land fcatter- 
ing in fmall pieces, up and down feveVal forts of 
Land in the Parifli : lo that every one had fomc 
piece of every fort of Land, his Black ground, his 
Sandy, Clay, &c. forae of 20, ;o, or 40 Shillings 
an Acre, forfome ules, and other not worth ip 
groats an Acre, . My Mother being poffeft oJF one 
^ / of thefe Leafes, and having of all thefe forts of 
Land, I came acquainted with them all, and knew 
what each lort would produce, (t/iz.) Wheat, Bar-: 
ley, Maflin,' Rice, Beans, 'Peas, Oats, iFetches, 
Flax, or Hemp : in all \yhich I had a more thai> 
ufual knowledge for one lo young; taking a par- 
ticular delight in obferving it :. but enough of 
this matter. 

The Kingdom of Achln has in general a deep 
mould : It is very well watered with Brooks and 
fmall Rivers, but none navigable for Ships of 
burthen. This of Achin admits not of any but fmall 
Veffels. The Land is fome part very woody, in 
other places Savannah ; the Trees are of divers 
forts, moft unknown to me by name. The Cot- 
ton and Cabbage-trees grow here, but not in 
fuch plenty as in fome part of Ar9t er tea .Thck Trees 
commonly grow here, as indeed ufually where«» 
ever they grow, in a champion dry ground, fuch 
at leaft as is not drowned or moraffy ; for here 
is fome fuch Land as that by the Rivers ; and 
there grow Mangrove Trees, and other Trees of 
that kind. Neither is this Kingdom deftitute of 
Timber- trees fit fot building. 

The Frui's of this Country are. Plantains, Bo- 
nanoes, Guava's, Oranges, Limes, Jacks, Durians, 
Coco-nucs, Pumple no(es, Pomgranates, Man- 
goes^ Mangiftans,. Citrons, Water melons, Musk- 

nielons^ 



' Ti&eMangaftan and Pumplc-no(e* 115 

melons. Pine-apples, &c. Of all thefe forts of^)y,i688 
Fruits, I chink the Mangaftan is without compare 
the raoft delicate. This Fruit is in fiiape much 
like the Pomgranate, but a great deal lets. The 
outdde rind or fliell is a little thicker than that of 
the Pomgranate, but fofter, yet more brittle ; and 
and is of a dark red* The infide of the /hell is of 
a deep crimion colour^ Within this fhell the 
Fruit appears in ; or 4 Cloves, about the bignefs 
of the top of a man s thumb. Thefe will eafily 
(eparate each from the other ; they are as white as 
Milk, very foft, and juicy, inclpfiilg a fmall black 
Stone or Kernel. The outfide rind is faid to be 
binding, and therefore many when they eat the 
Fruit, which is very delicious, do fave the rind or 
/hell, drying it and preferving it, to give to fuch as 
have Fluxes. In a (tnall Bdok, entitled, A neuf 
Voyage to the Eafi Indks^ there is mention made of 
Mangaftan^, among the Fruits oija'vai but the 
Author is miftaken, in that he compares it to a 
Sloe^ in fhape and tafte : Yet I remember there is 
fuch a fort of Fruit at Achin ^ and believe by the 
defcription he gives of it, it may probably be the 
fame that he calls the Mangaftan, tho nothing like, 
the true Mangaftan. 

^ The Pumple-nofe is a large Fruit like a Citron, 
^ with a very thick tender uneven rind. Thcinfide 
is full of Fruit : it grows all in cloves as big as a 
fmall Barly-corn, and thefe are all full of juice, as 
an Orange or a Lemon, tho not growing in fuch 
partitions. 'Tis of a pleafant tafte, and tho there 
are of them in other parts of the Eafi Indies^ yet 
thefe at Acbin are accounted the beft. They are 
ripe commonly about Chrijtmas^ and they are fo 
much efteemed, that EngU^^ men carry them from 
hence to Fa^tStGeorge^znA make prefents of them to 
their Friends there. The other Fruits mentioned 
. here, are moft of them defcribed by me in my firft 
Volume, The ; 



ii6 Rice. Gatiga or Bang. Camphir^ 

jIn ifegg The eatable Roots of this Country are Yams 
and Potatoes^ &c. but their chiefeft ibread kind ii 
Rice. The Natives have lately planted fome 
quantities of this Gi*ain, and might produce much 
more were they fo difpofed, the Land being fo 
fruitful. They have here a fort of Herb or Plant 
called Gangay or Bang. I never faw any but once^ 
and that was at fome diftance from me. It ap- 
peared to me like Hemp^ and I thought it had been 
Hemp, till I was told to the contrary. It is re- 

£yntd of this Plant, that if it is infufed in any 
iquor, it will ftupify the brains of any perfon 
that drinks thereof; but it operates diverfly, ac- 
cording to the conftitution of the perfon. Some it 
makes fleepy, fome merry, putting them into a 
Laughing fit, and others it makes mad ; but after 
^ or 5 hours they come to themfelves again. I 
never faw the em As of it on any perfon, but 
have heard much difcourle of it. What other 
life this Plant may ferve for I know not : but I 
know it is much efteemed here^ and in other 
places too whither it is tranfported. 

This Country abounds 'alfo with Medicinal 
Drugs and Herbs, and with variety of Herbs for 
the Pot. The chief of their Drugs is Camphire, 
of which there are quantities found on this Ifland, 
but moft of it either on the borders of this King- 
dom to the Southward, or more remote ftill, 
without the precinAs of it. This that is found cm 
the Ifland Sumatra is commonly fent to Japan to be 
refined, and then brought from thence pure, and 
tranfported whither the Merchants pleafe after- 
wards. I know that here are feveral forts of Me- 
dicinal Herbs made ufe of by the Natives , who 
go often a fimpling, feemifig to underftand their 
Virtues much, and making great ufe of themi but 
this being wholly out of my fphcre, I can give no 
WQount of (hem; and tho here are plenty of Poc 

Herbs, 



Oniofts. Gold* Ldnd Animals. 137 

Herbs^ yet I know the names of cone^ h[xtOn\ot\s^An.i6%Z 
of which they have great abundance, and of a very 
good fort^ but fmall 

There are many other very profitable Commodi- 
ties on this ICiand : but fome of them are more pe« 
€uliar to other parts of it than Acbin^ efpecially 
Pepper. All the Ifland abounds with that Spice^ 
except only this North Weft end ,• at leaft fo much 
of ir^ as is comprehended within the Kingdom of 
Acbin^ Whether thk defed is through the negli- 
gence or lasdnefi of thefe people^ I know 
not. 

Gold alfo is found) by report, in many parts of 
this Ifland : but the Kingdom of Achin is at prelent 
iBoft plentifully fl^orcd with ir. Neither does any 
place in the E^fi hSes^ that I know of^ yield fuch 
quantities of it 2fi this Kingdom. I have never been 
at Jafany and therefore can make no eftimate of 
the great riches of that Kingdom * but here I am 
certain there is abundance of it. 

The Land Animals of this Country are Deer, 
Hogs , Elephants 3 Goats, Bullocks, Buffaloes , 
Horibs^ Porcupines, Monkeys, Squirri Is, Guanoes, 
Lizards , SnakeiS3 ^c«.Here are alfo abundance of 
Ants of ieveral forts, and Woodlioe, called by the 
Englifitin the Eafi Indies White Ants. The Elephants 
that I faw here Were all tame : yet 'tis reported 
there are fome wild ; but I judge not many, if any 
at all. In feme places there are plenty of Hogs j 
they are all wild, and commonly very poor. Ac 
(bme times of the year, when the wild Fruits fall 
from the Trees, they are indifferent fat, or at leaft 
fle(hy: and then they are fweet and good : they 
s^e very numerous; and whether for that reafon, or 
fi^arcity of food, it is very rare to iind them fat. 
The Goats are not very many, neither are there 
many Bullocks : but the Savannahs fwarm with 
Buffaloes^ belonging to fome or other of the Ioha« 

bitants. 



ii8 the Fon^ls and Fijht The Inhabit ant f. 

'jfo,i688bitants^ Who milk them and eat them; but doh't 
work them, fo far as I faw. The Horfes of this 
Country are but fmall, yet fprighriy ; and Ibme- 
times they are tranfported hence to the Goaft of 
CoromandeL The Porcupines and Squirrels are ac- 
counted good food by the Englifh ; but how they are 
cfteemed by the Natives I know not. 

The Fowls of this Country are Dunghil Fowls 
and Ducks, but I know of no other tame Fowls 
they have- In the Wood^ there are many forts of 
wild Fowls, 'viz,. Maccaws, Parrots , Parakites^ 
Pigeons, and Doves of 3 or 4 forts. There are 
plenty of other fmali Birds ; but I can lay nothing 
of them. 

'The Rivers of this Country afford plenty 
of Fi(b. The Sea alio fupplys divers forts of very 
goodFifti, (viz.) Snooks, Mullets, Mudfifb, Eels, 
Stingrays^ which I fhall defcribe in the Bay of Cam- 
feachj^ Ten pounders. Old Wives, Cavallies, Craw- 
fi/h. Shrimps, &c. 

The Natives of this Country are Malayans. They 
are much the fame people with thofe of Qmda^ 
Jihore^ and other places on theCohtiner>t of 4*»- 
laccay fpeaking the fame Malayan Language, with 
very little difference ; and they are of the fame 
MahometanKcMgion, and alike in their haughty hu- 
mour and manner of living : fo that tliey leem to 
have been originally the fame people.They are peo- 
pie of a middle ftature,ftraight and well fhaped,and 
of a dark Indian copper coloun Their Hair is black 
and lank, their Faces generally pretty long, yet 
graceful enough. They have black Eyes, middling 
Nofes, thin Lips, and black Teeth, by the fre* 
quent ufe of Betle. They are very lazy, and card 
Kot to work or take pains^ The poorer fort are 
addided to theft, and are often pimiftied feverely 
for it. They are otherwife good natured in gene- 
ral, and kind enough to ftrangerv 

The 



I 

tloaths^ Houfes^ Food^ and Citj ^/Achin. 129 

The berter (brt of them wear Caps fitted to their ^ix.i688 
heads^ of red or other coloured Woollen Cloath, 
like the Crown of a Hat without any brims : for 
none of the Eafiem people ufe the Complement of 
uncovering their Heads when they meet, as we 
do. But thegtoeral wear for all forts of people is a 
fmall Turban,fuch as thcMindanaians wear,defcribed 
in the 12th Chapter of my former Volume, page 

J\26. They have fmall Breeches, and the better 
brt will have a piece of Silk thrown loofely over 
their Shoulders ; but the poor go naked from the 
wafte upwards. Neither have they the ufe of 
Stockings and Shoes, but a fort of Sandals are worn 
by the better fort. 

Their Houfes are built on Pofts, asthofe oiMin^ 
danao^ and . they live much after the lame faHiion : 
but by reafonof uheir Gold Mines, and the fre- 
quent refort of ftrangers, they are richer, and 
live in greater plenty. Their common food is 
Rice, and the better fort have Fowls and Fifli, with 
which the Markets are plentifully ftored, and 
(bmetimes Buffaloes flefh, all which is dreft very 
favourily with Pepper, and Garlick, and tinctured 
yellow with Tur merick, to make it pleafant to the 
Eye, as the £^/ Wi/iw generally love to have 
their food look yellow: neither do they want 
good Acbars or Sauces to give it a relilh. 

The City oiAcbin is the chief in all this Kingdom. 
It is leated on the Banks of a River, near the N. 
W. end of the Ifland, and about 2 miles from the 
Sea. This Town confiftsof7or 8000 Houles ; 
and in it there are always a great many Merchant* 
ftrangers, vi%, Englijh, Dutch ^ Danes ^TortuguefejChineJe^ 
GuicaratSy e^r.The Houfes of this City aregenerally 
larger than thofe I faw at Mindanao^ and better^; . • 
furniihed with Houftiold Goods. The City has * ^ 
no Walls, nor lo much as a-Ditch about it. It has 
a greater number of Mofques, generally fquare 

K built. 



126 The Trades [Husbandrf^ Fifhing^ 

ifo.i688 built, and covered with Pantile, but neither high 
nor large. Ever) morning a man madea great 
Noife from thence: but I faw no Turrets or 
Steeples, for them to climb up into for that pur- 
pofe j as they have generally in Turky. The Queen 
has a large Palace here, built handfomely with 
Srone: but I could not get into theinfide of it. 'Tis 
faid there arefome great Guns about it, Aof which 
are of Brafs, and are faid to have been lent hither 
as a prefent by our K. James the i ft. 

The chief Trades at ylcbln are Carpenters, Black- 
fmiths, Goldfmiths, Fifhermen, and Money-chan- 
gers ; but the Country people live either on breed- 
ing heads ofCattle, but moft for their own ufe, or 
Fowls,cfpecially they whoHve near the City,which 
they fend weekly thither to fell : others plant Roots, 
Fruits, &c. and of late they havefown pretty large 
Fields of Rice. This thrives here well enough • but 
they are fo proud,that it is againft their Stomach to 
work: neither do they themfelves much trouble their 
heads about it, but leave it to be managed by their 
Slaves : and they were the Slaves brought lately by 
the Er^///?; and D/Jwei from theCoaft oi Coromandely 
in the time of a Famin there, I fpokeof before, 
who firft brought this fort of Husbandry into fuch 
requeft among the Achimfe. Yet neither does the 
Rice they have this way fupply one quarter of their 
occ^fions, but they have it brought to them from 
their Neighbouring Countreys. 

The Filhermen are the richeft working people : 
Imeanfuch of them as can purchafe a Net,* tor 
thereby they get great profit j and this iortotim- 
ploymenc is managed alfo by their Slaves. Infair 
weath^^ryou fhall have 8 or lo great Boats, each 
with ' Salno\' haling Net : and when they fee a 
Si^.oal of Filh, ihey Itrive to incompafs them with 
rhefe Nets, and all the Boats that are near affift 
each other to drag them sifhore. Sometimes they 

dr7.w 



Flying IP roes ^ Women Money changers^ 1 27 

draw afhore this way yo, 60, or 100 large Fifb/ as^».T688 
big as a mans Leg, andaslpng: and then they 
rQJoyce mightily, andfcamper aboutj making a great 
Ihout. The Fifh is prefently fent to theiMarket in 
one of their Boats, the reft looking out again for 
more, Thofe who Fifh with Hook and Line, go 
out infmallProes,. with but i or 2 Slaves in each 
Proe. Thefe alfo get good Fifh of other forts, 
which they carry home to their Matters. 

The Carpenters ufe lucli hatchets as they have 
at Mindanao, They build good Houfes- after their 
fafhion : and they are alfo ingenious enough in 
building Proes, making very pretty ones, efpecially 
of that fort which are Hjin^ Proes; which are built 
long, deep, narrow, and iharp, with both fides 
alike, and outlagers on each fide, the Head and 
Stern like other Boats. They carry a great Sail, 
and when the Wind blows hard, they fend a man 
or two to fit at the extremity of the Windward 
outlager, to poife tht Veffel. They build alfo lome 
Veflcis of 10 or 20 Tuns burthen, to Trade from 
one place to another: but I think their greateft in- 
genuity is in building thQXv Flying Proes ; which are 
made very fmooth, kept neat and clean, and will 
fail very well: for which reafon they had thic 
name given them by the Er^lifij. 

There are but few Blackfmiths in this Town, 
neither are they very skilful at their Trade. The 
Goldfmiths are commonly ftrangers, yet feme of 
the Jchinefe themfelves know hov/ to work Metals, 
rhonot very well The Money-changers are here, 
as at Tonquin^ moft Women. Tl]efe fie in the Mar- 
kets and at the corners of the Streets, with leaden 
Money called Cajh^ which is a name that is gene- 
rally given to fmall money in all thefe Councreys : 
but the Cafl) here is neither of the fame Metal, 
nor value wich that at Toncjuin ; for that is Copper, 
and thi$ istead,orBlock Tin/uch as.Avill bend about 

R B ^ the 



122 Coins ^ Snmmf^ and Weights of Achin* 

-^w. 1 688 the Finger. They have but two forts of 
Coin of their own; the leaft fort is this Lea- 
den money call'd C^jfc, and Vis the fame with 
what thev call Tetties at Bantam. Of thefe^ 1500 
make a Mejs, which is their other fort of Coin, and 
is a fmall thin piece of Gold, ftampt with Ma- 
layan Letters on each fide. It is in value 15 pence 
EngUpJ. 16 Mefs^ make a Tale, which here is 20 /. 
E7til[[l)j y Tale make a Bancal, a weight fo called, 
and 20 Ba7jcal make a Catty, another weight. But 
their Gold Coin feldom holds weight, for you /hall 
iometimes have f Tah and 8 Adefs over go to 
niakeaPec^/, and tho 1906 Cafh; is the value of a 
Mefs, yet thefe rife and fall at the difcretion of the 
Money-changers : for fometimes you fhall have 
I coo Cflp for a Mejs: hut they are kept ufually 
between thofe 2 numbers 5 feldom lefs then looo, 
and never more then I yoo. But to proceed with 
thefe Weights, which they ufe either for Money or 
Goods, 100 Catty make a Peculy which is l:^lL 
Englijlj weight Three hundred Catty is a Bahar ^ 
wWch is 596 / Englijh weight ; but in fome places, 
as at Bencohli, a Bahar is near foo EfigliJIj weight* 
Spanifl) pieces of Eight go here alfo, and they are 
valued according to the plenty or fcarcity of them. 
Sometimes a Piece of Eight goes but for 4 Mefs^ 
fometimes for 4 and half, fometimes y Mefs. 

They Coin but a fmall quantity of their Gold j 
lo much as may ferve for their ordinary occafions 
in their Traffick one with another. But as the 
Merchant, whea he receives large Summs, always 
takes it by w;eight, fo they ufually pay him un- 
wrought Gold, and quantity for quantity : the 
Merchants chufe rather to receive this, than the 
coined Gold ,* and before their leaving the Coun- 
try, will change their Mejfes for uncoined Gold : 
perhaps becaufe of fome deceits ufed by the Natives 
in their Coining. 

This 



The Gold Mines of Achin. I j 5 

This Gold they have from fome Mountain a^».i688 
pretty way within Land from (ichin^ but within O^VS* 
their Dominions^and rather near to the Weft Coaft 
than the Streights of Malacca. I take Golden Mount^ 
which I fpoke of before, to lie at nogreatdiftance 
from that of the Mines ,• for there is^very high Land 
all thereabouts. To go thither they l^t out Eaft. 
w^rd, towards Pajfange Jonca^ and thence fti ike ilp 
into the heart of the Country. I made lome in- 
quiry concerning their getting Gold, and was tod, 
that none but Mahometans were permitted fo go to 
the Mines. : That it was both troublefom and dan- 
gerous to pafs the Mountains, before they came 
thither; there being but one way, and that ovc 
iuch fteep Mountains, that in fome places they 
were forced to make ufe of Ropes, to climb upand 
down the Hills.That at the foot of thefe Precipices 
there was a Guard of Soldiers, to fee that no uncir- 
cumciled perion fhould purfue that def]gn,snd alio 
to receive cuftom of thofe that paft either forward 
or backward. ' That at the Mines it was fo fickly, 
that not the half of thofe that went thither did e- 
ver return again ; tho they went thither only to 
Traffick with the Miners, who live there, being 
feafoned : that thefe who go thither from the City 
ftayed not ufually above 4 momhs at the Mines, 
and were back again in about 6 Months from their 
going out. That fome there made it their conflanc 
imployment to vifit the Miners once every year : 
for after they are once feafoned, and have found 
the profit of that Trade, no. thougHts of danger 
can deter them from it : for I was credibly told 
that thefe made 2000 per cew^ of whatever they car- 
reid With them, to fell to the Miners : but they 
could not carry much by reafon of the badnefs of 
the ways. The rich men never go thither them- 
(clves but fend their Slaves : and if ; out of 6 re- 
turns^ ?hey think they make a very piofttable jour- 



150 Ihe Goods brought hither from abroad. 

^w,i688ney for their Mafter, for thefe ; are able to bring 
home as much Gold as the Goods which all 6 car- 
ried out could purchafe. The Goods that they 
c u ry thither are Ibme fort of cloathing, and liquor. 
They carry their Goods from the City by Sea part 
of the way : Then they land fomewhere about 
Pajfangejonca^ artd get Horfes to carry their Cargo 
to the foot of the Mountains. There they draw it 
up with Ropes, and if they have much goods, one 
ftays there with them, while the reft march to the 
Mines with their load ; and return again for the 
reft. I had this relation from Captain Tikr^ who 
lived at Achlrty and fpoke the Language of the 
Country very well. Theie was an £w^///fc RenC' 

fado that ufed that trade^ but was always at the 
lines when I was here. At his Return to Achin he 
conftantly frequented an Englijh Punch-houfe , 
fpending his Gold very freely, as I was told by the 
Mafter of the houfe. I was told alfo by all that I 
difcourled with about the Gold, that here they dig 
it out of the Ground ; and that fometimes they find 
pretty large lumps. 

It is the produd of thefe Mines that draws fo 
many Merchants hither, for the Road is feldoni 
without 10 or If fail of Ships of feveral Nations, 
Thefe bring all fort of vendible Commodities, as 
* Silks, Chints, Muzlins, Callicoes, Rice, &c. and 
as to this laft, a man would adnlire to fee what 
great quantities of Rice are brought hither by the 
Evgljjh^ Dutcb^ Danes ^ and Chinefe ; when any arrives 
the Commanders hire each a Houfe to put their 
goods in. The Silks, Muzlins, Callicoes, Opium, 
and fuch lite rich Goods, they fell to the GuzMrats^ 
who are the chief men that keep Shops here : but 
the Rice, which is the bulk of the Cargo, they ufu- 
ally retail. I have he^^rd a Merchant fay^ he has 
received 60, 70, and 8ts /. a day for Rice, when 
ithas been fcarce ,• but whCii there are many fgilers, 

then 



The Cuzurats, Brokers at Achin.3 iji 

then 40 or fo /. worth in a day is a good fale :^;^.T6Sr? 
for then a Mefs will buy 14 or i y Bamboes of ic : 
whereas when Rice is fcarce, you will not have a- 
bove ? or 4 Bamboes for a Mefs.- A Bamboe is ,a 
fmall feal'd meafure^ containing, to the beft of my 
remembrance, not much above half a Gallon. 
Thus it rifes and falls as Ships come hither. Thofe 
who fell Rice keep one conftantly attending to 
meafure it out t and the very Grandees themfelves 
never kecpa ftock before hand, but depend on the 
Market, and buy juft when they have occaiion. 
They fend their Slaves for what they want, and 
the poorer fort^ who have not a Slave of their 
own, will yet hire one to carry a Aieft worth of 
Rice for them, tho not one hundred' paces from 
their own homes, fcorning to do it themfelves. 
Befides one to meafure the Rice, the Merchants 
hire a man to take the money ,• for here is fome 
falfc Money, as Silver and Copper Mefs gilt over : 
Befides, here are lome true Mefs much worn, an-d 
therefore not worth near their value in tale. The 
Merchants may alfo have occaiion to receive 10 
or 20 /. at a time for other Commodities ,• and this 
too, befiSes thofe little fumms for Rice, he muft re- 
ceive by his Broker, if he will not be cheated ; 
for 'tis work enough to exarain every piece : and 
in receiving the value of 10 /. in Mefs^ they will 
ordinarily be forc'd to return half or more to be 
chang d i for the Natives are for putting off bad 
Money, if poffibly they can. But if the Broker 
takes any bad Money^ tis to his own lofs, Thefe 
fort of Brokers are commonly Guz^rats , and 'tis 
very neceffary for a Merchant that comes hither, 
efpecially if he is a ftranger, to have one of them, 
for fear of taking bad oc light Money. 

The Englijh Merchants are very welcome here, 
and I have heard that they do not pay fo much 
Cuftom as other Nations. The Datd Free-men 



\ 



1 3^ Chinefe Merchants^ ^W China Cai^p, 

i<».i688niay trade hither, but the Company's Servants are 
> deny'd that privilege. But of all tlie Merchants 
that trade to this City ^ tlie Chinefe are the moft re- 
markable. There are fome of them live here all 
the year long ,• but others only make annual Voy- 
ages hither from China. Thefe latter come hither 
fome time in June^ about lo or 12 fail, and bring 
abundance of Rice^and (everal other Commodities. 
They take up Houfes all by one another, at the 
end of the Town, next the Sea : and that end of 
the City is call'd the China Camf, becaufe there 
they always quarter, and bring their goods aHiore 
thither to lell. In this Fleet come feveral Mecha- 
nicks, ( 'vixj. ) Carpenters, Joyners, Painters, &c. 
Thefe fet themfelves immediately to work, making 
ofChefts, Drawers, Cabinet?, and all forts of Chi- 
nefe Toys : which are no fooner finifh'd in their 
Working- houfes, but they are prefently fet up in 
Shops and at the Doors to fale. So that for two 
months or ten weeks this place is like a Fair^ full of 
Shops ftufft with all fort of vendible commodities, 
and people reforting hither to buy : and as their 
goods fell off, fo they contra<^ themfelves, into 
lefs compafs, and make iife of fewer Houfes. But as 
thpir bufinels decreafes, their Gaming among them- 
felves increafes ; for a Chinefe, if he is not at work^ 
had aslieve be without Yiduals as without Gaming ; 
and they* are very dexterous at it. If before their 
goods are all fold, they can light of Chapmen to 
buy their Ships, they will gladly fell them alio, ac 
leaft fome of them: if any Merchant will buy, for 
a Chinefe is for felling every thing : and they who 
are f o happy as to get Chapmen for thejr pwnShips, 
will return as paliengers with their Neighbours, 
leaving their Camp^ as 'tis called, poor and naked 
like other parts of the City, till the next yean 
They commonly go aWay about the latter end of 
SeftemheTy and never fail to return again at the Seai 

fbn: 



I «. 



The hchineic Learning and Religion. i^y 

fon : aiid while they are here, they are fo much ^.1688 
followed, that there ijs but little bufinefs flirring 
for the Merchants of any other Nations,* all the 
difcdurfe then being of going down to the China 
Camp, . .EwQU tht Et4ropeans go thither for their di- 
verfion: the EngHJh^ Dutch ^ and Daves ^ will go to 
drink their Hoc-du^ at fonae Chitfa Merchants Houfe 
who (elk it ; for they have no tippling Houfes. The 
European Seamen return thence ipto the City 
drunk enough, but the Cbinefe are very fober them- 
felvcs. 

The dchineje feem ncrt to be extraordinary good 
at AcQWiats, as the Banians or Gaxjurats are. They 
inftrud their youth, in the knowledge of Letters, 
Malapm principally, and I fuppofe in fomewhai; 
of jirabieiy being all Mahonsttans. They are here» 
as at MnJanao^ very fuperftitious in wafhing and 
cleanfing themfelves from defilements : and for 
that reaion they delight to live near the Rivers or 
iStreams of water. The Rivfer of Achin near the 
City is always full of People of both Sexes and all 
Ages. Some come in purpofely to wa(h themfelves, 
for the pleafure of being in the Water : which they 
fo much delight in, that they can fcarce leave the 
River without going firft into it, if they have any 
bufinefs brings them near. Even th^ fick are brought 
to the River to wa/b. I know not whether it is 
accounted good to wa/h in all difiempers, but I am 
certain from my own Experience,, it is good for 
thofe that have Flux,efpecially Mornings and Even- 
ings, for which reafon you ihall then fee the Rivers 
fuUeft, and more efpecially in the Morning. Biit 
the mod do it upon a Religious account: for 
therein confifts the chief part of their Religion. 

There are but few of them refort daily to theic 
Mofques ; yet they are all ftifF in their Religion, 
and fo zealous for it, that they greatly rejoice in 

making a Profelyte* I was told^ that while I wa$ 

... ..... ^ , ^^ 



134 Cfamefe Renegade. Funifhments, 

Ani6%% at Tanquin, a Cbinefe inhabiting here turn'd from hi^ 
Pagamfm to Mabometanifm^ and being circiimcifed, 
he was thereupon carry 'd in great ftate thro the 
Gity on an Elephant, with one crying before- him, 
that he was turn'd Believer. This man was caifd 
the Captain of the China Camf ; for, as I was in- 
formed, he was placed there by his Country^mcn 
afi their chief Fador or Agent, to negotiate their 
aiFairs with the people of the Country. Whether 
he had dealt falfly , or was only envied by others, 
I know not : but his Countrymen had fo entangled 
him in Law, that he had been ruined, if he had 
not made ufe of this way tb difingage himfelf ; and 
then his Religion protected him, and they could 
not meddle with him. On what fcore the two 
Englifh Runagadoes turn d here, I know not. 

The Laws of this Country are very ftriA, and 
offenders are puniftied with great feverity. Nei- 
ther are there any delays of Juft ice here j for as 
foonasthe offender is taken, he is immediately 
brought before the Magiltratc , who prefently 
hears the matter, and according as he finds ijt, fo 
he either acquits, or orders punilliment to be in- 
HiAcd on the Party immediately. Small offenders 
are only whipt on the back, which fort of punifh- 
ment they call Chaubuck. A Thief for his firft of- 
fence, has his right hand chopt off at the wrift : 
for the fecond offence off goes the other ,• and 
fometimes inflead of one of their hands, one or 
both their feet are cutoff; and fometimes C tho 
very rarely^ both hands and feet. If after thelofs 
of one or both hands or feet they flill prove incor- 
rigible, for they are many of them fuch veryRogues 
and fo arch, that they will If eal with their Toes, 
then they are banifh'd to Pulo JVay, during their 
Lives : and' if they get thence to the City, as fome- 
times they do, they are comn^only fent back again; 
tho fometiipes they get 9 Licence to ftay. 

On 



'^" Mamed h^tiditti at Vulo Way. 135 

. On Pulo VFay there are none but this fort of^9f.i688 
Cattle : and tho they all of them want one or both 
hands, yet tliey fo order tnatters, that they can 
row very well, and do many things to admiration, 
whereby they are able to get .a livelihood ; for if 
they have no hands, they will get fomebody or o- 
thcrto fatten Ropes or Withes about their Oars, 
fo as to leave Loops wherein they may put the 
flumps of their Arms j and therewith they will 
pull an Oar luftily. They that have one hand can 
do well enough : and of thefe you /hall fee a great 
many, even in the City. This fort of punifhment 
is intiided for greater Robberies; but for fmall pil. 
fering the firft time Thieves are only whipt ,• but 
after this a Petty Larceny is look'd on as a great 
crime. Neither is this fort of punilhment peculiar 
to the Archinefe Government, but probably, ufcd by 
the other Princes of this Ifiand, and on the Ifland 
yavA alfo, efpecially at Bantam. They formerly, 
when the King of Bantam was in his profperity, 
deprived men of the righf hand for Theft, and may 
ftill for ought I know* I knew a Dutcb-mzn io 
(erv*d : he was a Seaman belonging to one of the 
K-ing of Bantam\ Ships, Being thus punirtied, he 
was difmift from his fervice, and when Iwas this 
time at Achin he lived there. Here at Acbin^ when 
a member is thus cut off, they have a broad piece 
p( Leather or Bladder ready to clap on the Wound. 
This is prefently applied, and bound on fo faft, 
that the Blood cannot ilTue forth. By this means 
the great Flux of Blood isftopt, which would elfe 
enfue^ and I never heard of any one who died of 
it. How long this Leather is kept on the Wound 
I know not : but it is fo long, till the blood is 
perfedly ftanched ,• and when it is taken off, the 
clods of Blood which were preft in the Wound by 
the Leather, peel all off with it, leaving the 
Wound clean. Then, 1 judge, they ufe clcunfing 

or 



140 Empaling Execution by fighting. 

if».i688 or healing Plaifters, as they fee convenient, and 
cure the Wound with a great deal of eafe. 

r never heard of any that fufFer'd Death for 
Theft, Criminals, who defer ve death, are executed 
divert ways, according to the nature of the of- 
fence^ or the quality of the ofFenden One way 
is by Impaling on a (harp Stake, which palTeth up- 
right from the Fundament through the Bowels, and 
comes out at the Neck. The Stake is about the 
bignefs of a mans Thigh, placed upright, one end 
in the ground very firm ,• the upper fharp end is 
about 12 or 14 foot high. I faw one man fpitted 
in this manner, and there he remain'd 2 or ; days : 
but I could not learn his offence. 

Noblemen have a more honourable death ; they 
are allowed to fight for their lives : but the num- 
bers of thofe with whom they are to engage, loon 
put a period to the Combat, by the death of the 
Malefactor. The manner of it is thus ,• the perfoh 
condemned is brought bound to the place of exe- 
cution.' This is a large plain Field, fpacious e* 
nough to contain tiioufands of people. Thither 
the Acb'mefe^ armed, as they ufually go, with their 
Creffet, biit then more efpecially, rcfort in Troops, 
as well to be fpeftators, as adors in the Tragedy. 
Thefe make a very large Ring, and in the midft 
of the multitude the Criminal is placed, and by 
him fuch Arms as are allowed on fuch occafions ; 
which are, a Sword, a Creffet, and a Lance. 
When the time is come to a6i;, he is unbound, and 
left at his liberty to take up his fighting weapons. 
The fpedators being all ready, with each man his 
Arms in his hand , itand ftill in their places, till 
the Malefador advances. He commonly fets out 
with a fhriek, and daringly faces the multitude : 
but he is foon brought to the ground , firft by 
Lances thrown at him, and afterwards by their 

Swords and Creffets^ Onp was thus exegutcd while 



The Generd Slavery at Achin« 141 

I was there : I had not'the fortune to hear of it till ^^.1^88 
it was ended ; but had this relation the fame even- 
ing it was done, from Mr. DtmUs Drifcal, who was 
then one of the Spe<5tators. 

This Country is governed by a Queen, under 
whom there are 12 Oronleyes^ov great Lords. Thefe 
a<9: in their feveral precinds with great power and 
authority. Under thefe there are other inferiour 
Officers, to keep the Peace in the feveral parts of 
the Queens dominions. The prefent Shahandir of 
Acbm is one of the Oronkeyes. He is a man of great- 
er knowledge than any of the reft, and fuppoled to 
be very rich. I have heard fay he had not lefs 
than 1000 Slaves, forae of whom were topping 
Merchants, and had many Slaves under them. 
And even thefe, tho they are Slaves to Slaves, yet 
have their Slaves alfo j neither can a ftranger eafily 
know who is a Slave and who not among them : 
for they are all, in a manner, Slaves to one ano- 
ther : and all in general to the Queen and Oron- 
kejes } for their Government is very Arbitrary. Yet 
there is nothing of rigour ufed by the Mafter to 
his Slave, except it be the very meaneft, fuch as do 
all forts of fervile .work : but thofe who can turn 
their hands to any thing befides drudgery, live well 
enough by their induftry. Nay, they are en- 
couraged by their Matters, who often lend them 
Money to begin fome trade or bufinefs withal: 
Whereby the Servant lives eafie, and with great 
content follows what his inclination or capacity fits 
him for ; and the Mafter alfo, who has a fhare in 
the gains, reaps the more profit, yet without trou- 
ble. When one of thele Slaves dies, his Mafter is 
Heir to what he leaves ; and his Children, if he 
has any, become his Slaves alio : unlefs the Father 
out of his own clear gains has in his life time had 
wherewithal to purchafe their Freedom. The 
Markets arc kept by thefe people, and you fcarce 

trade 



138 Slaem 0f Achin and Oronkey. 

^.i688trade with any other. The Money-changers alfo 
are Slaves, and in general all the Women that you 
lee in the ftreets j not one of them being free. So 
are the Fiffier-men, and others, who fetch Fire- 
wood in Canoas from Pulo Gomez,y for thence thofe 
of this City fetch moft of their Wood, tho there is 
fcarce any thing to be feen but Woods about the 
City. Yet tho all thele are Slaves, they have ha- 
bitations or houfes to thcmfelves in feveral parts of 
the City, far from their Matters houfes, as if they 
were free people. But to return to the Shabrnder I 
was fpeaking of, all Merchant Strangers, at their 
firft arrival, make their Entries with him, which is 
always done with a good prefenc : and from him 
they take all their difpatches when they depart ; 
and all matters of importance in general between 
Merchants are determined by him. It feems to 
have been by his Converfafion and Acquaintance 
with ft rangers, that he became fo knowing, be- 
yond the reft of the Great men: and he is alio faid 
to be himfelf a great Merchant. 

The Queen of Achin^ as 'tis faid, is always an old 
Maid, chofen out of the Royal Family. What 
Ceremonies are ufed at the choofing her I know 
not : Nor who arc the Ele<SI:ors ; but I fuppofe 
they are the Ormkeys.. After fhe is Chofen, Ihe is 
in a manner confin'dto her Palace ; for by report, 
ihe feldom goes abroad, neither is (he feen by any 
people of inferiour rank and quality ; but only by 
fome of her Domefticks : except that once a year 
fhe is dreft all in white, and placed on a Elephant, 
and fo Rides to the River in ftate to wafti herfelf : 
but whether any of the meaner fort of jpeople may 
fee her in that progrefs I know not : tor it is the 
cuftom of moft Eaftern Princes to skreen thcm- 
felves fiom the fight of their Subjects : Or, if they 
fometimes go abroad for their pleafure, yet the 
people are then ordered either to turn their backs 

to- 



Ekiiidh of a nexp ^een . 159 

towards them while they pafs by, as formerly at ^11.1688 
Bantam^ or to hold their hands before their ^yes, 
as at Siam. At MindmaOy they may look on their 
Princerbiit from the higheft to the lowcft they ap- 
■proach him with the greateft refpied and venerati- 
on / creeping very low, - and oft-times on their 
knees, with their eyes fixt on him : and when they 
withdraw, they return in the fame manner, creep- 
ing backwards, and ftill Jseepyig their eyes on him, 
till they are out of his fight. 

But to return to the Queen of Achin^ I think 
Mr Hackluity or Purchas^ makes mention of a King 
here in our King James h time: But at leaft of la- 
ter years there has always been a Queen only, and 
the Englijh who refide there^ have been of the 
opinion that thefe people have been governed by a 
Queen ahorigme; and from the antiquity of the 
prefent conftitution, have formed notions, that the 
Queen of Sheha who came to Solowan was the 
Queen of this Country: and the Author of an 
old Map of the World which I have feen, was, it 
feems of this opinion, when writing the old Hebrti^ 
names of Nation^ up and down the feveral parts 
anciently known, of Europe, jifia^ and Africa, fie 
puts no other name in the Ifle oi Sumatra^ but that 
of Sheha. But be that as it will, 'tis at prefent part 
of it under a Queen, tbo fte has little power or 
authority : for tho there is feemingly abundarice 
of refped and reverence (hewn her, yet flie has 
little more than the title of a Soveraign, all the 
Government being wholly in the hands of the O- 
Tonkeys. 

While I was on^ my Voyage to Tjtujuin, the old 
Queen died, and there was another Queen chofen 
in her room, but a 11 the Oronkeys were not for that 
Ele<ftion ,«many of them were forchoofing aKing. 
Four of the Or(?»^fj'jf who lived more-remote from 
r! e Court, took up Arms to oppofe the new (^ueen 

and 



144 "^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ Achin. 

j4fi.i688 and the reft of the Oronkeys, and brought f or 606^ 
men againft the City : and thus flood the ftate o 
affairs , even when we arrived here, and a good 
while after. This Array was on the Eaft fide of 
the River, and had all the Country on that fide, 
and fo mudiof the City alfo, as is on that fide the 
River, under their power ; But the Queen's Palace 
and the main part of the City, which ftands on the 
Weft fide, held out fli^utly. The River is wider, 
fhallower, arid more fandy at the City, than any 
where elfenearit: yet notfordable at low water. 
Therefore for the better communication from one 
fide to the other, there are Ferry-boats to carry 
Paffengers to and fro. In other places the Banks 
are fteep, the River more rapid, and in moft places 
very muddy : fo that this place, juft at the City it- 
felf, is the moft convenient to tranfport Men or 
Goods from one fide to the other. 

It was not far from this place the Army lay, as 
if they defigncd to force their paffage here. The 
Queens party, to oppofe them, kept a fmall Guard 
of Souldiers juft at the Landing-place. The Sba-' 
bander o^Acbin had a Tent fet up there, he being 
tlie chief manager of her Affairs: and for the moi:e 
fecurity, he had 2 or ? fmall brafs Guns of a Minion 
bore planted by his Tent all the day, with their 
Muzzels againft the River. In the Evening there 
were 2 or ; great Trees drawn by an Elephant, and 
placed by the fide of the River, for a barricado 
againft the Enemy : and then the Brafs Guns were 
drawn from the Sbahan4er\Tct\ty which ftood not 
far from it, and planted juft behind the Trees, on 
the rifingBank : So that they looked over the Trees, 
and they might Fire over, or into the River, if the 
Enemy approached. When the Barricado was 
thus made, and the Guns planted, the Ferry-boats 
paflTed no more from fide to fide, till the next 
uiorhing. Then you fliould hear the Soldiers cal- 
ling 



Tk ft ate of the War at Acbin. 14$ 

fng to each other, not in menacing Language, but-^w.1688 
as thofe who defired peace and qujetnefs, asking ^ 
why they would not agree, why they could not 
be of one mind, and why they fliould defire to kill 
one another • This was the Tone all night long ^ 
in the morning asfoonas Snn wasrifen, the Guns 
were drawn again to the Shabanders Tent, and the 
Trees were drawn afide, to open the paflage fiom 
one fide to the other ; and every man then went 
freely about his bufinefs, as if all had been as quiec 
as ever, only the Shabander and his Guard ftaid ftill 
in their ftations. So that there was not any fign 
of Wars, but in the Night only, when all flood to 
their Arms : and then the Towris people feemed to 
be in fear, and fometimes we {hould have a Ru- 
mour, that the Enemy would certainly make an 
attempt to come over. 

While thefe ftirs lafled , the Shabander fent to 
all the Foreigners, and defired them to keep in 
their own Houfes in the night, and told them, that 
whatever might happen in the City by their own 
civil broyls , yet no harm ftould come to them. 
Yetfbme of the Tortuguefe^ fearing the worft, would 
every Night put their richeft Goods into a Boat^ 
ready to take their flight on the firft Alarm, There 
were at this time not above 2 or ; £»^///fe Families 
irf the Town, and 2 EngUfh Ships, and one Dutck 
Ship, befides 2 or ; Moors Ships of the Moguls Sub- 
jcAs, in the Road. One of the EngUJh Ships was 
called the Nelkgree j the name taken from Nelk- 
ffree^ Hills in Bengaly as I have heard. She canre from 
the Bay of Befigal, laden with Rice, Cotton, &c. 
the other was the Dorothy of London^ Captain Tiwait 
Commander, who came from Fort St George find was 
bound to BencouU with Souldiers, but touched here, 
as well to fell forae goods, as to bring a prefent to 
the Queen from our Eajt India Company. Captain 
Thwait^ according to cuftom went with his prefent 

L to 



/ 



1^6 Dancing Women. Bengal Butter. 

rf».i688to theQueen^ which Jhe accepted j and comple* 
merited him with the ufual Civilities of the Coun" 
trv^ for to honour him he was fet upon an Elephant 
of the Queens to ride to his Lodgings, dreft in 
a Malayan habit which Hie gave him : and ^e (eac 
alio two Dancing Girls, to Hicw him fome paftimc 
there: and I faw them at his Lodgings that Even- 
ing, dancing the greateft part of the night, much 
after the fame manner as the Dancing Women of 
Mlnd^mo^ rather writhing their Hands and Bodies 
with kveral An tick geftures, than moving much 
out of the place they were in. He had at this time 
about 20 great Jars of ^f»g^/ Butter, made of Buf- 
faloes Milk, and this Butter is faid alfo to have Lard 
or Hogs fat mixt with it, andrank enough in thefe 
hot Countries, tho much efteemed by all the Acbi- 
mfe^ who give a good price for it,- and our Englijh 
alio ufe it. E',?ch of the Jars this came in, wntained 
20 or :jo Gallons ,• and they were fet in Mr. Drifcals 
yard ac Jchin : what other goods the Captain 
brought I know not. 

But not long after this, he being informed, that 
the Mocrs Merchants refiding here bad carryed ofFa 
great Treafure aboard their Ships,in order to return 
with it to J «rrtf r.and our Company having now Wars 
witii the Great Mogul, Captain Thwait in the 
Evening drew off all his Seamen, andfeized on one 
of the iWl?i?n Ships, where he thought the Treafure 
was. The bij^geft he let alone: flie was a Ship, 
that one Captain Ccnfiant took in the Road fome 
time befoj e^ and having plundered her, ho gave her 
to the Queen , of whom the Mogts bought her again . 
The Moors xVlerchantshad fpeedy notice of thisadion 
of Captain Thwait^ and they prefently made their 
Application to the Queen for iatisfa<Stion, But her 
affairs at this C!me,[being in fuch pofture as I men- 
tioned, by veafon of their inteftine Broyls, flie 
fkid ihe could 4o nothing for them. 

It 



\ ' 



A total Ecclipfe of the Moon. i^y 

It was II or 12 a Clock the next day, before we^»a688 
who lived afliore heard of Captain Thwaits proceed- \y^>r^ 
ings : but feeing the M^ors flock to Com tj; and not 
knowing what anfwer they hid from the Queen, 
we ported off to the Ships, for fear of being im- 
prilbned, as fome EngUflj men had been while I was 
ai 7i»»gf«i»/ on the like fcore. Indeed I had at this 
time great caufe to be afraid of a Prifon, being fick. 
of a flux ; So that a Prifon would have gone near 
to have killed me : yet I think itfared not much bet- 
ter with me, for the Ships I fled to afforded me but 
little eomfort. For I knew no man aboard the Do- 
r0tbp and could exped no comfort there. So I and 
the reft went aboard the Nelljgree, where we could 
more reafonably expetft relief than in a Ship that 
came from England : for thefe vvhich come fo long 
a Voyage, are juft vidualled for the Service, and 
the Seamen have etery one their ftiwed allowance, 
out of which they have little enough to fpare to 
Strangers. 

But tho there were Viduals enoug^h aboard the 
Nellegree, yet lo weak as I then was, I had more 
mind to reflr my felf than to eat: and the Ship was 
fo peftered with Goods, that I could not firid a 
place to hang up my Hammock in. Therefore 
it being fair weather, I made a fliift to lye in the 
Boat that I came aboard in. My Flux was violent, 
and I fleept but little : fo I had the opportunity of 
obferving the Moon totally Eclipfed, had I been in 
a condition to obferve any thing. As foon as I per- 
ceived the Moon to be Eclipfed, I gazed at it indeed, 
as Hay, till it was totally obfcured, which was a 
pretty while: but I wasfo lictle curious, that I re- 
membred not fo ntuch as what day of the 
Month it was , and 1 kept no Journal of this 
Voyage , as I did of my other ; but only kept 
an account of feveral particular Remarks and Obfer^ 
tations as^ they occurred to me. I lay ^ or 4 days 

h z thus 



14.8 Wajhing for Fhxes. T\k] 

Vi».i688thus in this Boar, and the people of the Ship were 
fo kind as to provide me with neceffaries : and by 
this time the Moors had got a Pafs from the Dutch 
Caprain then in the Road/or 4 or f co Dollars,as I 
vvas then told, and Captain 'Thivait delivered them 
their Ship again, but what terras he made with 
them, I know not'. Thus that fray was over, and 
we came adiore again : recovered of the fright we 
had been in. In a fliort time alfo after this, the 
Jcblnefe all agreed to own the new Queen, and fo 
the War ended without any Bloodilied, 

1 way perfwaded to wafh in the River, Mornings 
and Evenings, for therecovery of my Health : and 
tho it feemed ftrange to me before I tryed it, yet 
I found fo much comfort in the firft trial , that I 
conftantly applyed my felf to it. I went into theRi- 
ver,till the water was as higlias my wafte, and then 
I ftooped' down and found jfhe water fo cool and 
refreflbing to my body, that I was always loth to 
go out again. Then 1 wa? fenfible that my Bowels 
were very hot, for I found a great heat within me, 
w hich I found refrelht by the cool water. My food 
was Salt fifti broyled, and boyled Rice mixt with 
'tire. Tire is fold about the Streets there : *tis thick 
fower Milk. It is very coolihg, and the Salt-fifh 
and Rijce is binding : therefore this is thought there 
the proper food tor the common People, when 
they have Fluxes. But the Richer fort will have 
SagOy which is brought to ./fci&i» from other Coun- 
tries, and Milk of Almonds. 

But to return to the ftate of Acbin^ before 1 go 
off fiom it 1 Ihall add this fhort account of theSea- 
fons of year there, that their weather is much the 
fame as in other Countries North of the Line, and 
their dry Scafons, Rains, and Land- floods come 
much at the fame time, asat Tontjuin and other places 
of North Latitude. Only as Achin lies within a few 
Degrees of the Line^ fo upon the Suns croflGlng the 

Line 



k 



Rains and Floods at Achin. I49 

Line in Marcb^ the Rains begin a litile fooner there ^w.r 688 
than in Countries nearer the Tropick oi Cancer : 
and when they are once fer in, they are as violent 
there as any wh^re. I have feen it Rain there for 
2 or ? days without intermiffion j and the River 
funning but a fhortcourfe, its head not lying veiy 
far withinLand, it (oon overflows j and a great part 
of the Street of the City, fhall on a fudd^n be all 
under watery at which tioje people row up a/)d 
down the Streets in Cauoas. That fide of the Cty, 
towards the River efpecially, where the Fo eign 
Merchants livc^ and which is lower ground, is fie- 
quently under water in the WetSealon: a S^ips 
Longboat has come up to the veryGate of o\xvEnglijli 
Fadory laden with Goods j which at other times 
is ground dry enough,- at a good diftance from the 
River, and moderateiy raifed above it. I did not 
find the heat there any thing different from other 
places in that Latitude ,• tho 1 was theire both in the 
wet and dry Seafon. 'Tis more fupportable than 
at Tonquin ; and they have conftantly the RefreOi- 
raent of Sea and Land Bree^es^ every 14 hours. 



L 3 C HAP 



V 



J *o The Author goes aboard again. 

CHAP viir. 

The A. prepares to go for Pegu. Among others 
a Ship arrives here from Merga /»Siam. Of 
the Majfacre of the Englifh there. His in* 
tended Cargo for Pegu. The Arrival of other 
Englifh men from the City of Siatn. The , Aj, 
fets out for Malacca injiead of Pegu, They 
are becalmed^ and foon after in great danger 
of running aground. The Coafi of Sumatra 
from Diamond point to the R. Dilly. They 
water ther^ and at Pulo Verero 5 where 
they meet a Ship of Danes and Moors from 
Trangambar. Pulo Arii, and Pulo Parfe- 
lore, a ufeful Sea-mark, to avoid S holes near 
Malacca Shore. The A. arrives at Malacca 
Town. The Town and its Forts defcribed : the 
Conquejl of it by the Dutch, from the Portu- 
;ue(e. Chintk and other Merchants refiding 
)ere. The Sale of Flejh and Fijh 5 the Fruits 
and Animals. T^e Shabander, State of the 
Trade , and Guard/hips. Opium , a good 
Commodity among the Malayans. Rattan- 
Cables. They prepare for their Return bacl{ ta 
Achin. 

AS fopn as I was pretty well recovered, I was 
Shipt Mate of the Sloop that came from Ma- 
lacca with us, which Mr Pf^ells had fold to Captain 
Tyler^ who lately come from Siam: and 1 was Tent 
aboard to take polfefSon ot her, about the begin- 
ning of May J i68q. He who was defigned to 

tnanq 



The Cargo intended far Pegu. 151 

mand her came to Achin Mate of the Nellegree; andAn.1688 
we were now to go to Pegu : but before the mid- 
dle of Jttne he left the employ, being fi^k, and loth 
to go at this dead time of the year to Pegu^ becaufe 
the Wefterlv wind was fet in ftrong, and theCoaft 
ofP^u is low Land, and we were both unacquaint- 
ed on the Coaft. I was then made Coniimander, and 
took in goods in order td depart for t^att^oaftjri the 
mean rime Mr. Coventry arrived in his^ Ship from the 
Coaft oiCorotnandel laden with Rice, and a fmall 
Veffel belonging to Captain Tyler came alio from 
M^a much about the fame time. 

This laft Ship had been at Merga a confiderable 
time, having been fcized on hy th^Siamites^ and all 
the men imprifoned, for fome difference that hap- 
pened between the Englifh and them. Neither was a 
Prifon then thought hard ufage by them, for during 
the Havock was made of the Englijh there, many 
of thofe who lived at Merga were manacred* Thofe 
who were imprifoned were kept there till all the 
Englijh who lived at the City of Siayt^ on the other 
fide of the Kingdom, withdrew from thence : and 
then thefe men had their liberty reftored alfo, 
and their Ship given them, but no goods, nor fa- 
tisfa<%ion for their loffes, nor fo much as a Com- 
pafs to bring with them, and but little Provifion. 
Yet here they fafely arrived, this being a better 
Ship that I was gone aboard of. Captain Tyler im- 
mediately fitted her up for the Sea, in order to lend 
her to Pegu. 

By this time ray Veffel was loaden, and my Cargo 
Was eleven thoufand Coco-nuts, y or 600 wait of 
Sugar, and half a dozen Chefts of Drawers of 
Japan work, 2 were very large, defigned for a pre- 
lent to the King. Befidesthis, Captain Tykr^ for fa 
we ufed to call him^ tho he was only a Merchant, 
faid he intended to (end a good qunuiry of Gold 
^hither, by vyhigh he expelled to gaia 60 o^ 70 p r 

la 4 CiVf i 



152 ! GoU a fid Nntmegs for Pegu. 

^.'j.i688Cefft ; for by report the King o£ Pegu had lately 
built a very magnificent Tagoda^ and was gilding 
it very richly with Gold : befides he was making a 
large Image of Maffy Gold for the chief PagoJof 
this Temple. By this means Gold was rifen in its 
value here: and Mhin being a place abounding in 
tl)at metal , much of it had already been fent thi- 
ther from hence, and more was going in other 
Veffels, belonging to the Moors of Achin^ befide 
what Captain Tyler defigncd to fend. . 

It was now about the middle of Augufi * and 
tho I was ready to fail, yet I was ordered to ftay 
for Captain Tjfler's other Veffel, till fhe had taken 
in her lading, which was daily fent off. Her 
Cargo alfo was Coco- nuts, and me had about 8 or 
9000 already aboard : when I received an order 
from'Captain T^/^r to hale aboard of her, and put 
all ray Cargo into her ,• as alfo all my Water-cask 
and whatever elfe I could fpare that they wanted • 
but witha! he defired me to be fatisfied , and told 
me I fhouldina Jhorr time be lent to Sea: but that 
Ship being the biggeft, he thought it more conve- 
nient to difpatch her fir ft. I prefently did as If was 
ordered,*and finding that Ifliould not go this Voyage, 
Ifold alio, my fmall Cargo, which con filled only of 
fome Coco nuts, and about 100 Nutmegs, which 
had the Shells on as they grew on theTrees, I 
bought all that I could meet with in the Town, and 
paid abous ; //. a piece, and expeded to have had 
12 d. a piece for them at Pegu, where they are much 
^fteemed if the Shells be on, for elle they dpn't 
value them. 

About this time the George, a great EngUJh Ship 
belonging to one Mr. Daltm, arrived here from the 
CAtyotSiamy coming thro the Streights of Aftf/zicc^ 
He had been there lome years. Trading to and fro , " 
and had made very profitable Voyages : but the late^ 
Revolution chat happened there by the death of the 

King, 



} 



Englifh returned from Siam. 155 

King, and the unhappy fate of my Lord Falcon ^AmA6tZ 
caufed the Englijh to withdraw from thence- The 
French were all fent away fomeMonths before ^being 
not fuffered to ftay in theKingdom : but before this 
Ship came from th^nce^ the broyls cf State were 
over ; for the new King being fettled, -all tumults, 
which commonly arife in thefe Countries at the 
death of the King, were appeafed. The Englifi 
were then defired to ftay there, and thofe who had 
yielded up their places ard offices, wereeven in- 
treated to accept them again , for they owned that 
they had all ferved the Nation faithfully. But not 
long before the Revolution, the Governour of 
Fort St. George fent for all the Englijh from thence 
particularly, and from the fervice of all other Inaian 
Princes, to come and ferve the Eafi India Company 
at the Fort, or where clfe they ihould fend them. 
For that reafon they all came away with Mr Dai* 
ton , and he, in kindnefs to his Country-men, re- 
fufed to take in Goods or Freight, becaufe he would 
have room enough for their Paffage, and their 
^Houlhold Goods : for here were fome Families of 
Men, Women and Children. 

They were a long time coming from Siam to 
jicbiny becaufe they came againft the Monloon; 
and in their paffage they toqched at Malacca, and 
when they arrived at Achin^}J[vt)alton went aftoar 
and hired a Houfe, as did alfo moft of his Paffen- 
gers : and among the reft Captain Minchin, who 
had formerly ferved the Eajt India Company at 
Surrat, but on fome dilguft left ihat place and 
came to Siam. There he was made Gunner of a 
Fort, and maintained his Wife and family very 
well in that employ, till the Revolution there, and 
the Companies orders came and called hitn from 
thence. He beirg now deftitute of employmenr, 
the Merchants there thought of making him Com- 
mander of the Veffel that I was in, becaufe Cap- 

• tain 



1 54 ^^^ -^. g^^^ fi^ Malacca. 

>*».i688 tain Tyler was minded to fell part of ben Accord- 
ingly they met about it^ and the Veflel was divid* 
ed into 4 parts, ; of which was Were purchafed by 
Mr Ddton, Mr Coventry^ and Captain MRnchwy and 
Captain Tyler kept the 4th. The next day Captain 
Mincbin came off, with an order to me, to delitrer 
him the poffeffion of the Ship , and told me, that 
that if I liked to go his Mate, I might ftill keep 
aboard till they had agreed on a Voyage. I was 
forced to fubmit, and accepted a Mates employ 
under Captain Minchin. It was not long before we 
were ordered for Malacca to buy Goods there. We 
carried no Goods with us, beddes ; or 400 pound 
of Opium. 

It was about the middle of .Jlppfew^er, 1689. when 
we failed from Acbin. We were 4 white men in 
the Veflel, the Captain, and Mr Coventry^ who 
went Supercargo, my felf and the Boatiwain. For 
common Seamen we had 7 or 8 Moors : and gene- 
rally in thefe Country Ships the White men are 
all Officers. Two days after we left dchin^ being 
becalmed under the Shorc3 we came to an Anchor. 
Not long after, a Ship coming in from the Sea- 
ward, came to an anchor about two mile a head of 
vs. Mr Coventry knew her to be a Danifh Ship be- 
longing to Trangambar ^ and therefore we hoifted 
out our Boat, and thought to have fpoken with 
her : but a fmall breeze Springing up, they weigh-, 
ed their Anchors, and went away • neither would 
they fpeak with us, tho we made figns for them to 
ft ay. We weighed alfo and jogg'd on after them, 
but they failed better than we. We met littlo 
. winds and calms, fo that 'twas 7 or 8 days before 
we got as far as Diawond-plnt ^ which is about 40 
leagues from Acbln. 

Being about 4 leagues (hort off that point, Cap- 
tain Mincbin defired me to fet the Land, and withal 
prick the Card, and fee whsit courfe we ought to 

keep 



They art in danger of Sbif wreck. 155 

keep all night j for it was now about 6 a clock, ^0.1688 
and we had a fine gale at W. S. W. our courfe 
being E. S,E. 

After ! had fet the Land, I went into the Cab- 
bin to look over the Draught, to fee what courfe 
we muft fteer after we came about the point. Mr 
Coventry followed me, and when I had fatisfied my 
felf, he asked me what courfe we mift fteer? I 
told him E. S.E. till 12 a clock, if the gale ftood, 
and then we might hale more Southerly. He 
feemed to be ftartled at it, and told me, that the 
Captain and he had been pricking the Card, and 
thought that a S. E. or S. E, by S, courfe would do 
well at 8 a clock. I faid it was a good couife to 
run afliore ; he argued a long time with me, but I 
perfifted in my opinion, and when I told Captain 
Aiinchin of my opinion, he was well fatisfied. Pre- 
fently after this we had a pretty ftrongTornado out 
of the S. W. which obliged us to hand our Top- 
fail. When the ftrefs of the Weather was over^ 
we fet our Sails again, and went in to Supper, and 
ordered the man at Helm not to come to the 
Southward of the E.S. E. We ftayedin the Cab* 
bin till about 8 a clock, and then, wecameouttp 
fet the Watch. It was now very dark, by reafon 
of a Thunder-cloud that hung rumbling over the 
Land : yet by the flafhes of lightning we plainly 
faw the Land, right ahead of us. I was much 
furprized, and ran into the Steeridge to look on 
the Compafs, and found that we were fleering S. 
S. E. inftead of E. S. E. I clapt the Helm a Star- 
board, and brought her to N. E. byE and N,E. 
^nd we very narrowly efcap'd being caft away. 

. When we firft went to Supper, we were 5 leagues 
pfF Land, and then E. S. E, was a good courfe, 
the Land lyi;ig E. S, E. parallel with our 
courle, 

V 

' ' But 



15^ River Dilly. Frefi Water at Sea. 

-^».i688 But then the Maaat Helm miftaking his Com- 

"" N^pafs , fteer'd S. S. E, which runs right in upon 

the Shore, 1 believe we had alio fome counter- 
curront, or Tide that help'd us in, for we were 
quickly got into a Bay within the points of Land. 
So that 'twas now abfolutely neceffary to flfeer 
Northerly to get out of the Bay j and by this time 
MvCoventry was fatisfied with what I told him in the 
Evening, and was convinced of his error, I un- 
dertook to direia the man at helm, and the wind 
continuing, I kept off till ten a Clock: then I fleer- 
ed E.S. E. till 12, and then haled up S.S. E. and 
in the morning we were about 4 leagues S. E. from 
Diamond pointy and about ; leagues to the North of 

an Ifland. 

The Land from hence lying S. S. E. we fleered 
fo ; but meeting with calms again, wp anchore|3 
feveral times before we came to the River of 
Dillj^ which is 28 leagues from Dlamond-foint. The 
Land between feems to be uneven, moft of it pret- 
ty high, and very woody : and Vis faid that all this 
Country, as far as the River Dilly, is under the 
Queen o^Achin. 

About a League before wo came to that River, 
being within 2 mile of the Shore, we faw the water 
of a muddy grey colour, and tafting it, found it to 
befweet. Therefore we prefently filled fome of 
our Water Cask j and 'tis an ordinary thing m 
feveral places to take up frefh ' water at Sea, againft 
the mouth of feme River, where it floats above the 
Salt water: but wemuft dip but a little way down, 
for fomecimes if the Biicket goes but a foot deep, it 
takes up Salt water with the frefh. 

In the evening we had a fine Land Breeze, with 
with which we ran along the Shore, keeping on a 
wind, and founding every now and then. At laft 
we were got among the Sholes, at the m:)uth of that 
River, and ouz^led to get out again. The River 

is 



Pulo Verero. Ship frfft» Trangambar. 157 

is in Lat. ? d. $0 m. N. It feems to be very large, ^». 1688 
but it is not well known, but only to the Natives, ' 
who inhabit it; and they are not very fociable j but 
are, by report, a fortof Pirats living on rapin. In 
the Morning we faw a fail (landing off to an Ifland 
called Pulo Verero, lying in Lat 5 d. ?o ni. N. 7 Lea- 
gues from the Mouth of the River D%. We 
having a fair wind, ftood after them, intending 
there to wood and water at Fulo Verern. For tho 
we took no frefh Water the evening before out of 
the Sea, yet at the R. of DiUy it was bracki/h : 
for tho the frefti water is born up by the Salt, and 
it Tmight be intire without mixture, yet by plung- 
ing of theBucket fomewhat too low, we might pro- 
bably take up lome of the Salt water with it. They 
came to an Anchor, about 2 or ; a clock in the' 
Afternoon : but the Wind flackened, and it was 8 
Clock at night bcfpre we came thither. We An- 
chored about a mile from them, and prefently 
hoyfed out our Boat to go aboard : for we judged 
that this was the Dani^t Ship, that we faw when we 
came firtt from Achin. I went in the Boat , be- 
caufe Mr Coventry rold me, that Mr Copptnger was 
Surgeon of her, the fame perfon who was with 
me in the Boat when I was fet a/hore at the Nico^ 
bar Ifles, but was not fuffered to ftay with me. Mr 
Coventry was now in the Boat with me, and we 
went and haled the Ship, asking whence fhecame? 
and who was Commander ? They anfwered they 
were Dants from Trangambar^ for 'twas the Ship we 
took it to be. Then they askt who we were 1 1 
anfwered, Englijh hotn Achin^ and thsit Mr Coventry 
was in the Boat, but they would not believe it till 
Mr.C£)Vw/r;fpoke,and the Captain knew his Voice : 
neither did they till then believe we were Friends ; 
for they had every man his Gun in his hand, ready 
to fire on u$, if we had gone aboard without haling, 
as Mr. Coventry would have done, in confidence 

cliac 



158 p. Arii. P. Parfelore. 

!^ 1688 that they knew him^ had not I diffwaded him. For 
it feems they were extreatnly afraid of us, infomuch 
that the Commander, feeing us follow them in the 
morning, would not have touched at thefe Iflands^ 
thohe was in great want of Water ; and had not 
his black Merchants fallen before him on their 
Knees, and even prayed him to take pity on thcm^ 
they had not anchored here. Thefe Merchants 
were inhabitants of Trangambar on the Coaft of 
Caromandel. They having no Ships of their own, 
when the Danes fit out a Ship, on any Voyage that 
they are inclined to, thefe Moors are obliged to joyn 
Stock with them, and they firftmake an offer or it 
to them as a kindnefs * and the Moors being gene- 
rally defirous to Trade, frequently accept ofital- 
rooft on any terms : but /hould they be unwilling, 
yet dare they not ref ufe, for fear of difobliging the 
Danes y who are Lords of the plgce. In this Ship I 
found MxC^fpenger : and he was the firft that I had 
feen of all the Company that left me at the Nkobaf 
Iflands. The next morning we filled our water and 
weighed again j the Dane being gone a little before* 
He was bound to Jihore^ to load Pepper, but in- 
tended to touch at Malacca^ as moft Ships do that 
pafs thefe Streights. He alfo failed better than 
we, and therefore left us to follow him. 

We ftoodon yetneareftto the Suntatta fhore, till 
we came in fight of Pulo Arii, in Lat ; d 2 m. N. 
Thefe are feveral Iflands lying S. E. by E. * Eafter- 
\y fvom PuloVereroy about 52 leagues dift ant. Thefe 
Iflknds are good marks for Ships bound thro the 
Streights : for when they bear S.E. at ; or 4 leagues 
diftance, you may fteer away E. by S. for the Ma- 
lacca Shore, from whence you then may be about 
20 leagues. The firft Land you will fee is Pulo Parfe- 
lorcy which is a high peeked Hill in the Country, 
on the Malacca Coaft : which ftanding by it felf 
amidft a low Country, it appears like an Ifland, 

tho 



Shoab on the Coafl of Malacca* i^^ 

tho I know not whether it is is really one ; for itj^^^^s 
fiands fome miles within the (hoar of the Coatinent 
of Malacca. It is a very remarkable Hill^ and the 
only Sea mark for Seamen to guide themfelves 
through certain Sands that ly& near the Main ; and 
if it is thick hazy Weather^ and the bill is obfcur*d^ 
Pilots, unlefs they are very knowing in the Sound- 
ings, wiil hardly venture in : for the Channel is 
not above a. league wide, and there are large fhoals 
on each fide. Thefe fhoals lye ten leagues from 
TuUArii , and continue till within 2 or ; of the 
Malacca jkozv. In the Channel there is 12 or i4 
fathom water , but you may keep in 7 or 8 fathom 
on either fide ^ and founding all the way, you may 
pafs on without danger. 

We had a good gale at Weft, which brought us 
in fight oiTulo Tarjakre : and fo we kept founding 
till we came within the fhoar, and then we had 
the Town o( Malacca about 18 leagues diftant from 
us, to the S» E. and by E. Being fhot over to the 
Malacca {hoTC^ there is a good wide Channel to fail 
in, you having the fhoals on one fide, and the 
Land on the other ,• to which laft you may come 
as nigh as you lee convenient, for there is water 
enough, and good anchoring. The Tide runs^ 
pretty ftrong here ; the Flood fets to the Eaftward, 
and the Ebb to the Weft : and therefore when 
there is little wind, and Ships cannot ftem the} 
Xide, they commonly anchor. But we being in 
with the Malacca fhoar, had a -wefterly Wind^ 
which brought us before il^^//i(:r^ Town, about the 
middle of OBober; and here I firft heard that 
King William and Queen MarjfwcTt Crowned King 
and Queen of Efi^Und. The Dam that left us at 
Puh Verero was not yet arrived : for, as we afterr 
wards underftood, they could not find the way 
through the Sands, but were forc'd to keep along 
without them , and fetch a great Compafs about, 
which retarded their Paffage. Ma* 



s6o Malacca T. and Fort defcrihd. 

i^i£igS Malacca is. a pretty large Town, of about 2 or ;oa 
Families of Dutch and Vortuguefe, many of which 
areamixt breed between thofe Nations* * There 
are alfo many of the Native Malayans inh^binng in 
fmall Cottages on the skirts of the Town. The 
Vtitcb Houfes are built with Stone^ and the Streets 
are wide and ftraight, but not paved^ At the N. 
Weft of the Town, there is a Wall and Gate to 
pais in and out ; and a fmall Fort always guarded 
with Soldiers. The Town ftands on a level low 
ground, clofe by the Sea* The Land on the back* 
fide of the Town feems to be moraffy, and on the 
Weft fide, without the Wall, there are Gardens of 
Fruits and Herbs, and fome fair Vutch Houfes : but 
that quarter is chiefly the habitation of the Malays 
ans. On the Eaft fide of the Town, there is a fraall 
Rivcri which at a Spring Tide will admit fmall 
Barks to enter. About 100 paces from the Sea 
there is a Draw- bridge, which leads from the midft 
of the Town to a ftrong Fort, built on the Eaft 
fide of the River. 

This is the chief Fort, and is built on a low level 
ground, clofe by the Sea, at the foot of a little fteep 
Hill. Its form is iemicircular, according to the 
natural pofition of the adjacent Hill. It fronts 
chiefly to the Sea, and having its foundation on 
firm Rocks , the Walls are carried up to a good 
heighth, and of a confiderable thicknefs. The 
lower part of is waflied by the Sea every Tide. On 
the back of the Hill, the Land being naturally low, 
there is a very large Moat cut from the Sea to the 
River^ which makes the whole an Ifland^ and that 
back part is ftockadoed round with great Trees, 
fet up an end. : fo that there is no entring when 
ooce the I)raw-bridge is haled up. On the Hill, 
within the Fort, ftands a fmall Churxh, big enough 
to receive all Towns people, who come hither on 
StmJofs to hear Divine fervice : and on the Main, 

\^ be* 



i • 



Rife and fall of the Portugucfc in India. x6i 

beyond the Fort, theAfo&y^v are alfo feated clofe^».i688 
by the Sea. * 

The firft Europeans who fettled here were the 
Tortuguefe. They alfo built the great Fort : but 
whether they moted round the Hill, and made an 
Ifland of that fpot of ground, I know not, nor 
what charges have been bellowed on it fince to 
make it defenceable ^ nor what other alterations 
have been made : but the whole building feems to^ 
be pretty antient, and that part of it w'hich fronts 
to the Sea was, in all probability, built by the Vmu* 
guefe ,• for there are ftill the marks of the <£onque- 
rors fhot in the Walls. It is .a place fo naturally 
ftrong, that I even wonder how they could be 
beaten out : but when I confider what othei piaces 
they then loft, and their mifmanagements, I am 
the lefs furprized at it. The Tortuguefe were the 
firft dilcoverers by Sea of the Eafi Indies^ and had 
thereby the Advantage of Trade witli thefe rich 
Eafiern people, as alio an opportunity, thro their 
weaknefs, to fettle thcmfelves where they pleafed. 
Therefore they made Settlements and Forts among 
them in divers places oilndia^ as here for one : and 
prefuming upon the ftrength of their Forts, they 
infulted over the Natives ,• and being grown rich 
with Trade, they fell to all manner of loofenefs 
and debauchery ,• the ufual concomitant of Wealth, 
and ais commonly the fore runner of Ruin* The 
Vortuguefe at this place, by report, made ufe. of the 
Native Women at their pleafure, whether Virgins 
or Married Women ^ luch as they liked they took 
without control© : and it is probable, they as little 
reftrained their luft in other places j for the breed 
of them is Icattered all o\cv India ; neither are there 
any people of more different Complexions than 
of that race, even from the cole black to a light 
tawney. Thefe injuries cxafperated the Native 

M Ma'^ 



162 Moors and Chincfc Merchants at Malacca. 

/in, 1 6S8 Malayans here, who joyning with the Dufcb^ as I 
have been informed, found means to betray to 
them their infolent matters the Pcrtygueje: than 
whom there are not a mote defpicable people now 
in all the Eafiem Nations : and of all they orice 
poffeft, they have now only G^4 left, of any place 
of confequence. The Dtitcb arc now matters of 
mottof the places they were once poflcft of j and 
ticularly this of /l<fe/^cc<f. 

Malacca is a place of no great Trade, yet there 
are feveral Moors Merchants always refiding here, 
Thefe have fliops of wares, fuch as come from Sur^ 
r^ty and the Coaft of Coromandel and Bengal. The 
Chinefe aKo are feated here, who bring the Com- 
modities of their Country hither, efpedally Tea, 
Sugarcandy, and other Sweetmeats. Some of them 
keep Tea-houfes, where for a Stiver a man has near 
a pint of Tea, and a little Porrenger of Sugarcandy, 
orother Sweet meats, ifhepleafes. Others of them 
are Butchers ; their chief fleih is Pork, which ydu 
may have very reafonably, either frelh or lalted : 
Neither arc you defired to take any particular piece, 
but they will cut a piece at one place, and the like 
at another, either fat or lean, as you would have 
it. Others among thefe Ci/»e/e are Trades people ; 
and they are all in general very induftrious, but 
withal extraordinary Gamefters : and if they can 
get any to play with them, all bufineis mutt fubmit 
to that. 

This Towh is plentifully ftored with Fifh alfo. 
When the Filhermen come in, they all refort to a 
place built purpofely for the fale o! them. There 
are Soldiers waiting, who take the beft for the 
Officers of the Fort. Whether they pay for it, or 
that 'tis a Toll or Cuftom belonging to the Gover- 
nor I know not : but after they are ferved, the 
i^he reft are fold to any who will buy. The man- 
ner 



Out-cry df Fijh. The Fruits^ &e. 165 

ner of felling is thus j the Fifti which every man An.\6S^ 
brings in is lorted, yet all fold by the lump at once 
in the manner of an Outcry or Audion, but not by 
raifing but lowering the price : for there is one ap- 
pointed for this Sale, who fets the firft price higher 
than the value of the Fifli, and falls by degrees, 
till the price feems reafonable : then one or other 
buys. But thefe firft bargains are commonly 
bought by the Fifliwives^who Retail them out again. 
Oylters are in great plenty here, and very good 
when they are Salt, but (ometimes they arc frefti 
and unfavoury. 

As for other Provifions, their Rice is brought to 
them from abroad. Such Fruits as they have are 
much the fame as I have already defcribed and are 
proper to the Climate, as Plantains, Bonanoes, 
Pine-apples, Oranges, Water-melons, Pumplenofes, 
Mango's, &c. but thefe are only in their Gardens, 
in no great plenty j and the Country is all covered 
with Wood, like one Foreft: and moft of our 
walking Canes liled in England, are brought from 
thence. They have alio a few Cattle, Bullocks, 
and Horfes, &e. having but little pafturage, but 
good ftore of tame Fowl, Ducks, and Poultrey. 
The principal perfon in the Town is the Shaha^dcry 
a Dtach man, next in power to the Governor, who 
lives in the Forr, aud meddles pot with Trade, 
which is the Sbabanders Province, who feems to be 
chiefly concerned aboutthe cuftomes of goods. 

This Town has no great Trade, by what I 
could fee, but it feems to be defigncdly built to 
Command the paffage of flipping, going this way 
to the more Eafiern Nations. Not but that Ships 
may pals far enough out of reach of their Canon ; 
but Guardfhips belonging to the Town, and lying 
in the Ro^d, may hinder others from paffing. How 
the Tortuguefe managed their Affairs 1 know not j 

M 2 but 



1 64 Pepper at Jihore. Dutch Gnard^jhip 

^».i688but the Dutch commonly keep a Guard-fhip here j 
and I have been toid they require a certain Duty 
of all VcfTels that pafs this way^ t\\Q Snglifl> only 
excepted : for all Ships touch at thb place, efpe^ 
daily for Wood, Water and refrefiiment. 

Two days after our arrival here, the Dani[hS\\\^ 
came alfo to an Anchor ,• but reporting that they 
were bound to Jihore^ to lade Pepper, the Dutch 
told them it was but in vain for them to; feek a 
Trade there ^ for that the King of Jihore had agreed 
with the 15>^/rA to Trade only with them; and 
that to fecure that Trade, they had a Guatdftiip 
lying there. I had this account from the Surgeon, 
Mr Coppinger^ whofeemed a little concerned at it: 
becauie when he told me this, he could not tell 
whether they fhould proceed thither or noj but 
they did go thither, and found all this a /ham, and 
Traded there to their own and the Natives fatis- 
facftion, as he told me the next time I met him. 
This of Jihijre being but a fmall Kingdom on the 
fame Malacca CodS^^ 'tis not of ftrength fufficient 
to refift the power of the Dutch: neither could it 
benefit t\\Q Dutch to take it, fliould they attempt it j 
foF^. the people would probably forfake it, and it 
would be too great a charge for the Dutch to fettle 
it themfelves. And thcrerorc they only endeavour 
to ingrofs the Pepper Trade ,• and it is probable 
enough that the Dutch might fometimes keep a 
Guardfliip there, as they do at other places, parti- 
cularly atQueda.PuloDindin^&c.Vor where there is any 
trade to be had, yet not fufficient to maintain a 
Fadory ,• or where there may not be a convenient 
place to build, a Fort, fo as to fecure the whole 
Trade to themfelves^ they fend their Guardftiips, 
which lying at the mouths of the Rivers, deter 
ftrangers from coming thither, and keep the petty 
Princes in awe of them. They commonly make a 

ihew 



^ The Malayans exafperated by the Dutch. 165 

/hew as if they did this outofkindne(s to thofe peo^^;f.i688 
pie ; yet moft of them know otherwife, but dare 
not openly refent it. This probably caufesfo many 
petty Robberies and Piracies as are committed by 
the Malayans on this Coaft. The Malay m$^ who 
inhabit on both fides the Streights of Malacca^ are in 
general a bold people : and yet I do not find any 
of them addidedto Robbery, but only the pilfering 
poorerfort, and even thefe feverelypuniflied among 
the Trading Malayans ^ who love Trade and Pro- 
perty. But being thus provoked by the Dutch^ and 
hindred of a free Trade by theit Guard-fhips, t is 

f>robable, they therefore commit Piracies them- 
elves,or connive at and incourage thoie who do. So 
that the Pirates who lurk on this Coaft , feem 
to do it as much to revenge theoftfelves on the 
Dutch^ for reftraining their Trade, as to gain this 
way what they cannot obtain in way of Traffick. 
But to retturn to our concerns here, I have 
l^id already, that we had only ; or 400 /. of Opium 
in goods, the reft was in Money. to 'the value of 
2000 Dollars in the whole: bat we did not pre- 
tend, that we came hither purpofely to Trade, 
but that finding our Veffel unfit for the Sea, we 
put in here to mend and repair her. Leave was 
granted us for this ; and I prepared to hale our 
Veffel a(hore, at the weft end of the Town, not 
far from the fmill Fort. It is there foft Oazy 
ground, near a mile off Ihore, and ic deepens 
vqry Icifurely , being (hole water juft by the 
(hore ; and vvhen the Tide goes out, it leaves the 
Oaz dry a quarter of a mile from the Jhore : but a 
njile from fliore, you have clean fand, and about 4 
fathom at low Water. Our Veffel floaced in coU 
to the Fort, and lay not 20 yards fiom it, and 
at low water ir funk down into the mud : that 
V^C cou|d not fi; the afcei-parc, as I wouM 



\66 Tr4c/e (?/ Opium, Pepper^ and Spice. 

^^.1688 have done. Opium^ which is much ufed by th® 
'Malayans in moft places, was a great Commodity 
here at this time : but it is prohibited Goods, 
and therefore tho many asked for it, we were ftiy 
of having it too openly known that we had any. 
But m jhort, Mr. Coventry found a Cuftomer, and 
they found means to get it alhore,while theSoldiers 
of the Fort were at dinner. The Cuftoraitrwasa 
Dutch man ; and the price he was to pay for it 
Was as inuch as he was worth : and finding it to 
be nought, he would have been off his bargain; 
and when Mr. Coventry would not releafe him, he 
abfconded. But Mr Coventry having an intereft 
in the Shahander^ he compelled the Mans Wife to 
pay for the Ofium^ under thename of Gold ,• for fo 
iAi Coventry called it. 'Fne Shahander chid Mr.Co- 
ventry for fmuggling with an inferiour, when he 
might have done it better with, him :, but flood his 
friend in compelling the Woman, tho unjuftly, 
to pay for the Opium. I Taw this Dutch man on 
board his own Veflfel, when he had bought the 
Opium^ and he was very peiifiVe and fad. He had a 
pretty fineHoufe without the Gates, and a Garden, 
which maintained his Family with Pot-herbs, 
Sallading, and Fruits, befides fome for the Mar- 
ket. This was managed by his Wife, and he 
himfelf had 2 Sloops ; and either imployed them, 
in Trading among the Malayans for Pepper, 
carrying them fuch Commodities as they wanted, 
efpecially Optum^ or by hiring himfelf and Sloop 
to the Dutch Eaft India Company, to go whither 
they would fend him/ It was not long fince he 
he had been at the Spice Iflands with Rice, which 
he fold at a profitable rate : but he told me he 
was not fufFered to bring any Spice from thence, 
except 8 or 10 pound for his ownfpending : nei- 
ther was there fo much profit that way for him, 

• as 



Hard Bargam^ Rattan Cables. 167 

as by Trading at home among the Malayans^ ekher^;;.i688 
on the Coaft of Malacca or Snmarta. For tho he^and 
other freeMen are not lufFer ed to Trade for theih; 
(elves to any places where theCompany haveFado- 
rieSjOr Guardlhips,yet they could findfrade enough 
nearer home, and by this Trade the Freemen of 
Malacca pick up a good livelihood. It was on 
this home Trade that he was now bound, and 
the Ofium had been very beneficial to him, had it 
been good; but he went away, and ordered his 
Wife not to pay for it, but left Mr Coventry to take 
it again ,• and upon the Shahanders compelling her 
to take it; and pay for it, flie complained they were 
utterly undone, for the Ofium, when it came to b^ 
examined was really very bad, and worth little or 
nothing. 

Here Mr Coventry bought Iron Bars, Aracfc, 
Canes, and Rattans, wherewith we loaded our 
VelTel, which was now fet afloat again. The Dutch 
brought moft of our goods aboard, and were more 
kind than I expeded, for they had not ufed to 
Trade with us, and I believe the news of our 
Revolution mEngland had fweetned them ; for they 
often drank the Konings health with us very hear^ 
tily. While ^we were here we made 2 new 
Cables of Rattans.each of them 4 inches about.Our 
Captain bought the Rattans, and hired a Chlnefe to 
work them , who was very expert at making 
fuch wooden Cables. Thefe Cables I found 
ferviccable enough ^fcer, in mooring the Veffel 
with either of them ; for when I carried out 
the Anchor, the Cable being thrown out after 
me, fwam like Cork in the bea j fo that I could 
fee when it was tight, which we cannot fo well 
difcern in our Hemp Cables, whofe weight finks 
then down ; nor can we carry them out but 
by placing 2 or ; Boats at fome diftance alunder^ 
' M 4 ^ w 



^■^A.a 



£o8 They prepare to leave Malacca. 

]4n.i6SSfo buoy up the Cable, while the Long Boat rows 
^•^'V^'^ Tout the Anchor. To conclude with Malacca , 

our goods being all aboard, we fili'd our water, 
^ and got all in a readinefs for our departure back 

again. 



CHAP. 



] 



The Author departs pom Malacca. 169 



C H A P IX. 

The A. departs /r^«^ Malacca. They lofe a yard 
and retnrn to refit. \ They fet out again^ and 
run on a Shale ^ but get off with the flood. Pulo 
Sambilong. They lofe their Mizen-yard ^ 
And put into Pulo Dinding. The Ifland and 
Fort dejcribedi^ the oppofte Coaji, Tiitaneg , 
a fort of Tin. The £ n mity between the Dutch 
here^ and the Malayans on the Coaft. A Ren^ 
counter with them. -They leave P. Dinding 
and arrive at Achin. The efcape of fomt 
Englifti Vrif oners eut £?/ Bengal. The A^ 
fetspnt again from hchin^ and arrives at Fort 
St George* Its pleafant Profpe3. He goes 
thence to Bencouli in Sumatra. Its fight at 
Se4. P^^/V/J ^/Sillabar. The Scitnation i;/ Ben- 
couli, lionfes^ Weather^ Soil^ Fruits^ Ani^ 
fnals^ and Inhabitants. The Pepper Trade 
here and elfewhere.The firfifettlement of the Eh- 
glifh hereThe Fort 5 and ufage of the Natives. 
The Conclnfion of the Supplement* 

'^Xr'E departed from Malacca towards Jchin about 
VV the middle of November 1689. Mr Coventry 
being weary of Captain Mincbins Company, had 
bought a fmall Veflfel of 7 or 8 Tuns, and laded 
her alfo with the fame kind of goods. This he 
commanded himfelf, having a Portugueje Pilot, and 
^ or 4 Mariners under him, and we fet out both 
Ships in Company tcgethen We had now in 
Captain Mlnchins Ship, but 2 white Men, the Cap- 
tain and I^ the Boat-fwain being gone with Mr. 



170 ^^ Tht Ship runs on d JhoaU 

>f».i688Cww/ry: but we took in as a Paffenger one Mr. 
Richards an EngUfhman^ who having lately married 
a Dutd) Woman at Ai^ac$a^ came abroad us with 
her, to go as paflengerf t<5 "Achin with us. 

We had a Land Wind in the morning, and abiout 
1 1 a Clock Jiad the Wind at N^ W. a pretty ftrong 
gale : and at iz our fore-yard broke in the middle. 
We made figns to Mr. Coventry to bear down to us ; 
who weighing before us, was a mile to windward 
of us : but he kept on, fearing to return, as having 
bought his Ship there by ftealth: and we therefore 
returned alone into Malacca Road. As foon as we 
anchored, Mr. Richards was fent afhore to buy a 
new yard ,• I gave him the length and bignels. It 
was Evening before became aboard again, and 'he 
Brought aboard an old yard mudi too big and tbo 
long for us. This piece 1 ftortncd and ftiaped to my 
mind, cjad by 12 a Clock at niglit, had it fixt and 
flung, riggd, and the fail bent to it. 

Then we weighed again having a fraalllandWind; 
but the Tyde of flood was againft us, and drove us 
to the Eaft ward. When the Ebb came we jogged 
on, and got about ; leagues ', anchoring when 
the Flood came,becaufe the Winds were againft us. 
Thus we continued plying with theEbb,and ancho- 
ring every flood, till we came to Ttdo Pptrfakre^whQro 
ihe Captain told me he would not go out the fame 
,way we came in,as I would have perfvvaded him,but 
kept the Malacc/t Shore aboard, and paft within 
the Sholes. But in a few Hours after we ran upon 
aShole, driven on it by the Tide of Flood, which 
here fet to the Eaft ward, tho by our Reckoning it 
fhould have been half Ebb, and the- Flood ftiouid 
have fet Weft ward, as we had it all the reft of the 
way from Malacca : but the Sholes prohably caufed 
iomc whirling about of the Tide.However,thc Sand 
we were ftruck upon was not above an 100 yards 
In circumference, and the floqd being rifing, we 



p. Sambilong. P» Dinding. I71 

waited the time of high water, and then drovt 4n.x6SS 
over it, having fent our Boat to difcover how the 
Sholes lay, while our Ship was aground : Mr Rt 
cbards all the while being in great fear, left the 
Malayans ihould come off in their Boats and attack 
theVeffel. 

We were now afloat again, and foon got without 
all theSholes : yet we did not ftand over towards 5i»- 
matra^ but'coafted along neareft the Malacca fhore, 
it being now moft proper for us fo to do yet; for 
having the winds Wefterly, we could not have beat 
under the other /liore. 2 or :{ days after this we 
had fight of fome Iflands called ?«/() S^wfc/ej;;^, which 
in the Malayan Language fignifies nine Iflands, 
there being fo . many of them, lying fcattering at 
unequd diftances from each other. It was near 
oneof thefe Iflands,that Captain Minchin in a former 
Voyage was like tolofe his hand by a prick with aCat 
.fifties Fin , as I have laid in my former Volp. 149. 
^nd tho his hand was cured, yet he has loft the uie 
of it ever fince,- and is never likely to regain it more. 
We flood in pretty near the fliore, in hopes to 
gain a frefti Land Wind. About 10 a Clock the 
Land Wind came off, a gentle breez, and we 
coafted along ftiore. But a (mall Tornado coming 
oiFfrom the ftiore about midnight ^ we broke ou«( 
Mizen yard, and being near a Dutch Ifland called 
Tulo Bindings we made in for it, and anchored there 
the night enfuing , and found there a Dutch 
Sloop,mann'd with about ;o Soldiers at an anchor. 
This is a fmall Ifland lying fo nigh the main, 
that Ships paffing by cannot know it to be an 
Ifland It is pretty high Land and well watered 
with Brooks. The mold is blackifti, deep and fat 
in the lower ground : but the Hills are lomewhat 
Rocky, yet in general very woody. The Trees are 
of divers forts, many of which are good Timber, 
and lar^e enough for any ufe. Here are alfo fome 
good for Malts and Yards; they being naturally 



172 The Fort and Banqneting Houfe. 

;^^i688Hght,yet tough and ferviceable.There s good riding 
bn the Eaft fide, between the Ifland and the Main. 
You may come in with the Sea breeze, and go 
out with a Land wind, there is water enough, and 
a fecure Harbour. 

The Dutch ^ who are the only Inhabitants, have a 
Fort on the Eaft fide, clofe by the Sea, in a bend- 
ing of the Ifland, which makes a Imall Cove for 
Ships to anchor in. The Fort is built 4 fquare, 
without Flankers or Baftio^is, like a houfe : every 
fquare is about 10 or 12 yards.The IVaJls are of a 
good rhicknefs, made of ftone, and carried up to a 
goodheighth, of about ;o foot, and covered over 
head like a dwelling Houfe. There may be about 
12 or 14 Gnns in it, feme looking out at every 
fquare. Thefe Guns are mounted on a ftrong 
Platform, made within the Walls, about 16 Foot 
high,- and there are ftepson the outfide toafcend 
to the Door that opens to the Platform, there be- 
ing no other way into the Fort. Here is a Go- 
vernour and about 20 or ;o Souldiers, who all 
lodge in th? Fort. The Soldiers have their lodging 
in the Platform among the Gqns, but the Go- 
vernour has a fair Chamber above^ it, where he 
lies, with fome of the Officers. About a hundred 
yafds from the Fort on the Bay by the Sea, there 
is^a low timbered Houfe, where the Governour 
abides all the day time . In this Houfe there were 
two or thij-ee Rooms for their ufe, but the chiefeft 
was the Governours Dining Room- This fronted 
to the Sea, and the end of it looked towards the 
Fort. There were two large Windows of about 7 
or 8 foot fquare^ the lower part of them about 4 
or J foot from the ground. Thefe Windows were 
wont to be left open all the day, tp let in the re- 
freftiing breeze j but in the night, when the Go- 
vernour withdrew tc^ the Fort, th^y wcre.clofed 
with ftrong Ihutt^rs, aiid the poors made faft till 



li'utaiieg, a fort of Tin. 175 

the next day. The Continent of Malacca op-<^J^^88 
pofite to ihelQand, is pretty low champion Land, 
cloathed with lofty Woods ,• and right againft the 
Bay where the Dutch Fort ftands/ there is a naviga- 
ble River for fmall craft. 

The produft of the Country thereabouts, beiides 
Rice and other eatables^ is Tutaneg, a fort of Tin ; 
I think courfer than ours. Tht Natives are A&-. 
laydftSy who, as I have, always obferved, are bold 
and treacherous : yet the trading people are affa- 
ble and courteous to Merchants. 

Theie are in all refpefts, as to their Religion, 
Cuftom, and manner ofLiving, like other Ma* 
layans. Whether they are governed by a King or 
Raja, or what other manner of Government they 
live under I know not. They have Canoas and 
Boats of their own, and with thefe they tifh and 
trafiick among themfelves : but the Tin Trade is 
that which has formerly drawn Merchant Strangers 
thither. But tho the Country might probably yield 
great quantities of this metal, and the Natives are 
not only inclinable, bat very defirous to trade with 
Strangers, yet are they now reftrained by the 
Diitchy who have monopolize that Trade to them- 
felves. It was probably for the lucre of this Trade 
that the Dutch built the Fort on the Ifland ,• but this 
not wholly anfwering their ends, by reafon of the 
diftance between it and the Rivers mouth, which 
is about 4 or f miles, they havealfo a Guardfhip 
commonly lying here, and a Sloop with zo or ;o 
armed men, to hinder other Nations from this 
Trade. For this Tutaneg or Tin is a valuable Com- 
modity in the Bay of Bengal^ and here purchafed rea- 
fonably, by giving other Commodities in exchange : 
neither is this Commodity peculiarly found here- 
abouts, but farther Northerly alfo on the Coaft ; 
and particularly in the Kingdom oiQueda there is 
much of it: The Dutch alfo commonly keep a ^ 

Guard* 



174 AltPravipoHs imported to P. Difiding. 

^1688 Guard/bip^ and have made fome fruitlefs elTays to 
" ' bring that Prince and his SubjeAs to trade only 

with them ; but here^ over againft P. Dlnding^ no 
firangers dare approach to trade \ neither may any 
Ship come in hither but with conlent of the Dutcb^ 
Therefore as foon as we came to an Anchor at the 
Eaft end of the Ifland^ we fent our Boat a&ore to 
the Governour^ to defire leave to wood, water, 
and cut a new Mizen-yard. He granted our re- 
queft, and the Boat returned again aboard, and 
brought word alfo that Mr Coventry touch'd here to 
Water, and went out that morning. The next 
morning betimes Captain Minchin ient me a/hore 
to cut a Yard. I applyed ray felf to the Cover- 
nour^^and deHred one of his Souldiers might go with 
ftie, and * (hew me the befl: Timber for that ufe • 
but he excufed himfelf, laying that his Souldiers 
were all bufie at prefent, but that I might go and 
Cut any Tree thae I liked. So I went into the Woods, 
where I law abundance of very fine ftrait Trees, and 
cut down fuch an one as I thought fit for my turn : 
and cutting it of a juft length, and i) ripping off the 
Bark,I left it ready to befetcht away,and returned to 
the Fort, where I dined with the Governor. Pre- 
fently after dinner, our Captain, with Mr Richards 
and his Wife came afhore, and I went aboard* 
The Governor met them at landing, and conduA-^ 
cd them into the Dining Room I Ipoke of^ where 
they treated the Governor with Punch, made of 
Brandy jSugar, and Lime-juice, which they brought 
\Q\ti\ them from aboard : for here is nothing, not 
fo nuich as the Governors drink, but what is 
brought from Malacca : no Herbs or Fruit growing 
here: but all is either fetcht from Malacca^ or is 
brought by the Malayans from the main. It is not 
through any fterility in the Soyl, for that is very 
fat, and fruitful: neither is it through lazinefs of 
ihe Dutch^ for that is a Vice they f re net guilty of: 

buc 



Ah alarm from the Malayans. 175 

but it 16 from a continual fear of th^Malayans^ with An.i6i% 
whom tho they have a Comnierce,yet dare they not 
trult them fofar^ as to be ranging about the Ifl^nd 
in any work of Husbandry, or indeed to go far from 
the Fort, for there only they are fafe. But 
to return to the Governour , he , to retal) ^ r re 
the Captains and Mr Richards'% kindnefs, lent 
a Boat a fifliing , to get fome better entertain- 
tainment for his Guefts, than the Fort yielded at 
prefent. About 40f^a Clock the Boat returned 
with a good difti of Fim. Thefe were immediately 
dreft for Supper, and the Boat was fent out again 
to get more, for Mr Richards and his Lady to carry 
aboard with them. In the mean time the Food 
was brought into the Dining Room, and placed 
on the Table. The Dilhes and Plates were of 
Silver,and there was a Silver Punch Bowl full of Li- 
quor. The Governour, his Guefts^ and fome of his 
Officers were feated,but juftas they began to fall to, 
one of the Souldiers cried out, Malayans^ and fpoil'd 
the entertainment : for immediately the Governor, 
withoutfpeaking one word, leapt out of one of 
the Windows, to g^t as (oon as he could to the Fort. 
His Officers followed, and all the Servants that at- 
tended were foon in motion. Every one of them 
took the neareft way, fome out of the Windows 
others out of the Door?, leaving the 3 guefts by 
themfdves, who foon followed with all the hafte 
they could make, without knowing the meaning of 
thisfudden confternation of the Governor and his 
peoplc.But by that time theCapt.andMrJRwi&^^j and 
his Wife were got to the Fort, the Governour who f 
was arrived before , ftood at the door to re. 
ceive them. As foon as they were entered the 
Fort, the door was /hut, all the Souldiers and Ser- 
vants bein^ within already : nor was any manfuf-' 
fered to fetch away the Viduals, Or any of the 
Plate : but they fired feveral Guns, to give notice 

to 



17^ Indians loth to fight in the kaik. 

^'688 M the Malayans that they were ready for them * 
^^^^'^'^ but none of them came on. For this uproar was 
occadoned by a Malayan Canoa full of armed men, 
that lay skulking under the Ifland, clofe by the 
fiiore : and when the Dutch Boat went olut the fe- 
cond time to fifli, the Malayans fet on them fud- 
denly, and unexpeAcd, with their Creffets and 
Lances, and killing one or two, the reft leapt over- 
board, and got away, for they were clofe by the 
ftorej and they having no Arms were not able to 
have made any refiftance. It was about a mile 
from the Fort : and being landed, every one. of 
them made what hafte he could to the Fort, and 
thcfirft that arrived was he who cried in that man- 
ner, and frighted the Governour from Supper* 
Our Boat was at this time afhore for water, and 
was filling it, in a fmall brook by the Banquetting* 
houfe. I know not whether our Boats crew took 
notice of the Alarm, but the Dutch call'd to them; 
and bid them make hafte aboard, which they did ^ 
and thismadeus keep good watch all night, having 
all our Guns loaden and primed for {ervice. But it 
rained fo hard all the night, that I did not much 
fear being attacked by any Malayans ; being inform- 
ed by one of ourSea men whopi we took in at M^^ 
lacca^ that the Malayans feldom or never make any 
attack when it rains. It is what I had before ob- 
ferved of other Indians^ both Eafi and fVefi : and 
tbo then they might make their attacks with the 
greateft advantage on men armed with Hand Guns^ 
yet I never kftew it pradifed ; at which I have 
wondered, for 'tis then that we moft fear them, 
and they might be then moft fuccefsful, becaufe 
their Arms, which areufuaily Lances and Creffets, 
which theie Malayans had,could not be damaged hj 
the rain, as our Guns would be. But they cannot 
endure -to be in the rain : and 'twas in the evening, 
before the Rain fell, that they alfaulted the 

Dutch 



The Authors lajl Arrival dt Acbin. 177 

Dutch Boat. The next morning th^ Dutch Sloop ^». 1689 
weighed, and went to look after the Malay aus : but 
having failed about the Ifland, and feeing no Ene* 
inies^ they anchored again. I alfb fent men a/hore 
in our Boat to bring on the Mizan-yard that I had 
cut the day before : but it was fo heavy a Vind o( 
Timber^ that they could not bring it out of the 
Woods. Captain Mimbin was fiill afliore, and he 
being acquainted with it, defired the Governour to 
fend a Souldier, to (hew our men what Trees were 
beft for our ufe : which he did, and they prefendy 
cut a fmall Tree, about the bignefs and lengtli of 
that which I cut^ and brought it aboard. I i ni me- 
diately went to work, and having fitted itforuie, 
bent my Sail, and hoyfed it up in its place. In the 
Evening Captain Mincbin and Mr RkhAvds and his 
Wife came aboard, having ftaid one night at the 
Fort ; and told me all that happened to them 
aihore. 

We now waited only for a Land Wind to carry 
usout« The former part of the night we had much 
Rain, with Thunder and Lightning ; but no Wind. 
At one a clock we had a fmall Land Wind, and got 
up our Anchors. We got out before day clear of the 
Ifland,and we fteered along ihore to the North ward 
intending to keep this fbore aboard for 20 or ;o 
leagues farther,) if the windsdid not favour us; for 
the Sea Winds were now at N. W. This day we kept 
near thelhore, and the night enfuing ; but the next 
day the Wind coming at N. and N. N« £. we ftood 
over for Sumatra^ and the next evening we paft by 
Diamond Point : and the wind coming at £• N. E. 
we got, in about two days more, to Achiny about the 
end of November 1689. 

Here we found Mr Coventry, v?ho had got hither 
a or 3 days before us. Captain Minchtn went afhore 
witfaLhis Paffengers, and was difcharged of hisCom- 
mand. I kept aboard till all the goods were unla- 
dciii and then lay afhore, and was very fick for a 

N fort- 



178 The A.' s final departure frpm Acbin. 

'An. \ 690 fortnight of a kind of Fever. But after Cbrl(tmaf I 
was fcnt aboard again, by order of Mr Coventry^ 
who had then bouglit out. Mr Daltm^ and Cape, Ti- 
ler s lhares, to take cliarge of the VeffeU which h« 
then laded with Pepper , Cubebs ( which I think 
^row iomewhere in Swmatrd) and Tutantgg 3 which 
ne bought oFan En^^ Veflel that came fcom^i^^ 
to Achin^^ and with thefe he had alfo fome of our 
Malacca Cargo, which we kept on board, vise. Rat^ 
tans and Waiking- canes. With this Car^ we were 
bound for Fm St. George. We took in aUb two JE^sr- 
gljjlo PalTengers, who had efcap'd out of Prifon in 
the Mogul $ Country. The one belong d to the De^ 
fence^ Captain HeatVs Ship, which 1 came home to 
£fg/<i»</ in afterwards; he was Purler of it :thp o^her 
was Midftiip man in the Pri;ffe/}yf»»f, which returned 
to England at the fame time. But during our War 
with the Mogul thefe Ships had been in the Bay of 
Bengal^ to fetch' away our effeds from the R. of 
Huglf. Thefe 2 men, with 2 or ; others, went a- 
ihore upon fomeoccaHon, and were taken Prifpners 
by the Moguls Subje&s ; who fent them a greatway 
up into the Country , where they were kept ia 
clofe Cuftody, and often threatqed with Death. 
The old Anabob^ or Governour of the Province^be* 
ing remov'd, and a new one coming thither, he re- 
leafed thefe men, and gave them leave to go to the 
Sea fide, where Anding a Dutch Ship bound to Bata-^ 
via, thefe 2 and one more went aboard lier^ the 
reft getting other paffage : but fte meeting with 
that Engl^ Ship coming if om Qtfeda, which brought 
tYi^Tutanegg I but now mentioned to Acbin^ they 
left the Dutch Ship^ and went to Acbln W[ith the 
other Engli^ Veffel ; and thofe a >yerc now for gq- 
ing with us to Bort St Gfirgt, 

'Twas about New-year$ day, 1690. that we ftt 
out from -^tr^W/ again ; We fteer^cJ away toward 
the NicobarlHundSy and came in fighfof that, which 
J had formerly beep f^taihore upcn# £ut le^yir^ 



Arrwdl at E St George, 4*^^ Bencouli. if^ 

honour Star-board, we ftood more Northerly up ^».i69o 
into the Bay ; for by Mr Coventry I had learnt th^re 
were Northerly and North Eafterly Winds in the 
Bay at this time of year. We flood over therefore 
as high as Tallacat ; and having then a fair North 
Eaft Wind, we run along the Goaft till we came 
before fort St George, which was about the middle 
of yamary. 

I was much pleafed with the Beautiful profpe(5i 
this place makes off at Sea. For it ftands in a plain 
Sandy fpot of Ground, dofcvby the fhore, the Sea 
fometimes wafbing its Walls j which are of Stone 
and high, with Half Moons and Flankers, and a 
great, many Quns mounted on theBattlements; fo that 
what with the Walls and fine Buildings within th^ 
Fort, the large Town of Maderas without it, thj 
Pyramids of the Engli^ -Tombs, Houfes and Gar^ 
dens adjVeot, and the variety of fine Trees fcat- 
cer'd upaod/lown, itmakesas agreeable aLandskip 
as I have any where (qen. 

But/ds bat ray defign to enter into aDefcriptiort 
of a place fo well , known to ray Country men a^ 
this isi It may fuffice to have mentioned it ^ ard 
that after fome months flay here, and meeting with 
^t Moody and Jeoly the painted Prince, I p« epared to 
go iotSi^natra again; to Beneouli, as I ha^e faidin my 
former VoKp. 5*1 a. I fet but from F<art St Gmge with 
Captain Howel in J^by ^^9^* ^P fleered a pretty 
way along the Coaft of Qoromandtl, before we flood 
overfor Sw^atra } and then made the befl of our. 
yfzy for BepcoulL I b^ve in that Volume fpoken of 
myArAval thei-e;. but having given no s^ccountof 
the place, I fhall do it briefly now, and fo fhut up^ 
^is Stiff kment. 

, .Bencouli l)es on the Wefl Coafl of thelflandof 5ii'- 
matra, in about 4 d. S. Lat. It is a place noted 
enough at Sea, by reafon of a. high flender Hill in- 
jihe Q)unny. k hgs a fmaU Ifland before it withlif , 
if luch S^ips ride» "the point of Silhfai^ lie^ 2 6i\i 

N 7r teagtt^, 



^ 



i8o Beneouli d. Buildings Weather^ S^. 

Am 6^0 leagues to the Southward of k, and runs out fartlier 
than any part of the fhore^ making a fmall bay 
within it. Befides thefe marks^ when you come 
within 2 or 2 .Leagues of the fliore, you 11 fee the 
EnglifhFort fronting to the Sea^ which makes a fine 
fhow : On the N. W. of the Fort is a fmall River, 
at the mouth of which is a large Stofe-houfe to put 
Pepper in. About a quarter of a mile from the Sea 
ftands a fmall Indian Village, clofe by the River, on 
the fame fide that the Fort is on, and but a fcnall 
diftance from it • The Houfes are fmall 
and low, all built on polls, after the Malayan^ 
manner, as at MkJ/inao zn&Achin; for 'tis a Swamp 
that the Town ftands on: but thtA^dlayant ufually 
choofeto build in fuchlow places near Rivers, for 
the convenience of wafliing themfelves, which 
they greatly delight in ; as Vis indeed a part of their 
Religon as Mahcmetans : and if they can, they 
will have theirHoufes ftand on pofts over the River. 
The Weather here is none of the pleafanteft. 
There are great Rains, chiefly in Seftembtr^ oSober^ 
and November^ and pretty great heats/ But when 
the Wirid blew hard, which Would often do, the 
Air would be chill : and the Sea-breezes in fair wea- 
ther were generally pretty fre/h and comfortable. 
The Land Winds coming over Swamps, uibally 
brought aftink with them. "T\% in general an un» 
healthy place i and the Soldiers of the Fort were 
fickly and died very faft. On the South fide of the 
Fort is a fair champion Savannah, of a mile or 2 
Square, called GnenhiL It produces long thick Grafs: 
the N W. part of it fronts the Sea, and the S:E. is 
bounded with lofty Woods . 

The Soil of this Country is very different, accord- 
ing to its different pofition : for within Land 'tis 
hilly, yet thofe hills are cloathed with TrecS| 
which fhews it to be fruitful enough. The low 
Land, near the River, efpecially near the Sea^ is 
fwampy, producing nothing but Reeds^ or Bamboesr 

but 



Trets^ fruits^ Bedfis^ Birdtj Malayans. igi 

but the higher ground^ which is oi a reafona- ^^.k^^q 
ble heigth^ is very fruitful. The mould is deep, and * ~ 
is either black or yellow : and in fome places 
clay ; or fuch mould as is very proper for making 
Bricks. 

The Trees in the Woods are moftly large bodied^ 
firsttght and tall : they are of divers forts^ fome or 
other of them fit for any ufes. The Fruits of the 
Coohtry are much the lame as at Acbin and Malac- 
eayvix,. LimeSsOranges^Guava's^Plantains^Bonanoes^ 
Coco*Nuts^ Jacks^ Durians^ Mangoes^ Mangaftans^ 
Pompkins^ Pine*apples, and Pepper. The Roots are 
Yams^andPotatoesiRice grows here pretty well alfo; 
but whether the Natives fow enough for their own 
(pending or no, I know not. The Land Animals 
areBufl^oes^ Bullocks^ Deer, Wild Hogs^ Porcu- 
pines, Guanoes, Lizards, &c. The tame Fowls are 
Ducks and Dung-hill Fowls, both in great plenty. 
The wild Fowl are Parrots, Parakites, Pidgeons, 
Turde-Dones, and many fores oFfmaller Birds. 

The Natives alfo are fwarthy Indians like their 
Neighbours of Jcbm. They are flender, ftraighty 
adive, and induftrious. They are fociable and defi- 
rousdPTrade:but if they are afTronted^they are trea- 
cherous and revengeful. They live together in 
Towns ; and fpeak the MaUynn Language : con- 
forming themfelves in their habit, food^ and cu* 
fi4>ms to other Malajfans; who are all, (o far as I 
learnt, oitht MabometanKtVigxon. There a^e feme 
Mechanicks among them,- a few Smiths: but mu\X 
of them are Carpeoters, and let themfelves out to 
hire to the EngU^ 9t the Fort. The Hatchets they 
WQrk with are fuch as they ufe at Mindanao^ fo con- 
trived as to ferve alfo for an Ads. Here are alfo 
'Fifhermen, who get a livelihood by Fifhing i and 
there are feveral lorts of Fi/h on the Coaft, befides 
plcpty of. Green Turtle; fuch of the Malayans as 
4ive near the Ef^iifii Fort are ulually employed 
in the Ea^ India Companies fervice, to work for 

them : 



182 Peppetr^ its Growth and Trade. 

^»a 690 them: bat the Country people are moft Husband- 
men. They plant Roots, Rice, Pej;)per buAes, &c. 
Pepper is the chief vendible Commodity in this 
Country. It thrives very m^cU on all the Cqaft i 
butthegreateft quantity of what is exported, from 
hencp, is either brought down this River out of the 
Country, or fetched fvomSillabar, or qther places bor-. 
deringen the Sea,in fmallVeffels.Pepper grows plenty 
in other places of this Iflandj as atbtdtaporc^'Ran-^ 
gafanam. Jamb/, Bancalis^ &c. It grows alto oa the^ 
Ifland J^^i on the Coafts of AdaUcca^ Malabar, 
Cocbincblna, &c. The Coaft oi Mdabsr is faid to 
produce the beft ,• or at lead there the Natives takd 
moft care to have the beft, by letring ipgrow tiUiti^' 
full ripe / for which reafon it is largerarid fairer thaii 
here, where they gather it too foon, to avoid lofmg 
any : for as foDn as it gro^ s ripe, *tis apt to flied an4 
fall in wafte* to the ground. - 

It was the Pepper Trade that drew our EngUJll4 
Merchants to fettle here. For after Bantam was' 
loft, our Ew^///fc who were wont to trade tliithcr for 
this Spice, were ata gitat lofs to regain the Pepper 
Trade;, which now was in a mannerfalleh with the 
other forts of Spice into the hands of the Dutch.: Tho 
the Pepper which we were wont to fetch from-Bm* 
tarn did not all grow on ths Ifland Jan;dy not pertei^ 
the tenth part of it, -for as I have been iuforraed it 
camemoft item Sumatra, particularly from jBewrW^i 
and the adjacent parts. For this rea(bnit behoved 
Our Mercliants to get an Intereft here to prop up 
their declining Trade. Yet, as I have been told, 
thcfuccefs was mwe owing to. the Natives of this 
place than therofelves j for that fome of the R^as 
of the Country fent Ambaffadors.to f}wt StiGtw^ 
to invite the £tr^/i/fe "hither to take polTeffioa, be^ 
fore the Z>//tci& fliould get it,* who are never flack to 
promote their Intereit, and were now fet-tingout 
on the fame defign. But however that were,, the 
^ngti^h^it thQ good fortune to g«t hither firftr; 

though- 



Beticouli. Fort defcrib'd Raja / aBni'd. i8g 

though fo narrowly^ that tht Dutch were within an/fo.169 
ace of preventing them, their Ships being in fight "^^^^ 
before our Men got aftore. But the Dutch coming 
^hus too late, were put by of their defigns^ for the 
Emglijh immediately got afliore fome Guns, and 
ftood ready to defend their intereft. This might 
happen about the year i68f, as I was informed; 
for they told m^ it was y or 6 years before I came 
hither: and the Evglijh immediately fortified thcra- 
fclves. The Fort, as I faid before, fronts to the 
Sea, and ftands about 100 paces from the River. 
There has been a great deal of coft beftowed on it, 
but to little purppfe ,• for 'tis the moft irregular piece 
I ever faw. I told the Governor the belt way was 
to new Model it, arid face it with Stone or Brick, 
either of which might beeafily had. He faid he 
liked riiy Counfel, but being faving for the Com- 

J>any, he rather chbfe to repair it, by the making 
bme Alterations .'but ftill to as little purpofe, for 
'twas all tpade ground, and having no facing to keep 
it up, 'twould moulder away every Wet Seafon, and 
theGuns often fall down into theDitches.What was 
poflible to be done I endeaVoiired to do while 1 was 
there. I made the Baftions as regular as I could 
upon the Model they were made by : and whereas 
the Fort was defigned to be a Pentagone, and there 
were but 4 of the BafHons made. I ftaked our 
ground for a jth, and drew a Plan of it, which I 
gave the Government ; and had I ftaid longer I 
ihpuld have made up the other Baftion : but the 
whole Plan is too big by half for (b forry a Garrifon ; 
and the beft way of mending it, is to demoli/h all 
of it, and make a new one. 

The Fort was but forrily governed when I was' 
there ; nor was there that care taken to keep a fair 
Correfpondence with the Natives in the Neighbour- 
hood, as I think ought to b^,. in all Trading places 
cfpeci^Ily.When 1 camfe thichcr there were 2 Neigh- 
bouring Raja^ in the Stocks^ for no other Reafon.brt 
' ' •■ ' • ■ • b. 



184 Cock-Fighting. Cpaclufion of the Supplement- 

M, i6go becaufe they had not brought down to the Fort fuch 
a quantity of I^epper, as the Governor had fent for. 
Yet theleU^yVsrule in theCountrey,and haveaconfi- 
derable number oSubjeds: who were lo exafperated 
at the{e infolences^ that^ as I have fince been in- 
formed, they came down and afTauIted the Fort, 
under the Condud): of one of thefe Rajas. But the 
Fort, as bad as it is, is Guard enough againft fuch 
indifferent Souldiers as they are : who tho they 
have Courage enough, yet fcarce any Arms befides 
Back-Swords, Crests, and Lances, nor skill to ufe 
Artillery if they had it. At another time they made 
an attempt to furprize the Fprt , under Pretence of 
a Cock match ; to which they hoped the Garrifon 
would come out, to (hare in the dport, and (b the 
Fort be left with fmall defence. For the Malayans 
here are great Lovers of Cock-fighting, and there 
were about 1000 of them got together about this 
Match, while their armed Men lay inambufli. But 
it fo hapened that none of the Garrifon went out to 
the Cockmatch, but one John NeckUn^a Dane, who 
was a greatGamefter himlelf :and he difcoveringthe 
Ambufh, gave notice of it to the Governor j who 
was in diforder enough upon their approach : but a 
few of the great Guns drove them away. 

I have nothing more to add, but what concerns 
myfelf •, which is notfo material, that I (hould need 
to trouble the Reader with it I have faid in my for- 
mer Volume, p. 919. upon what motives I left. 
BencQuli : andtbe particularsof my Voyage thence to 
England are alfo in that Volume ; fo that I may here 
conclude this Supplement to my Vojagt round the 
World. /^^^ 



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Mr. Dampiers Voyages 



TO THE 



Bay of Campachy, 



Vol IL Part IL 



mmmmtmrnim 



Containiiig an Account of the Bay 
of Cam^aclrf in the Weji Indies y 
and P^rts adjacent 

«» ' , 1 ■ » ■ PI | » I I ■. ■ ■■ h ^ . I ■« I I i n • - • — '^ "I 

» , .1 

C H A p. L 

ike Author*! ft/i going to Sea, to France, to Uew- ^ 
fbtmdlaoa^ and afier to the Eaft Indies. Hit 
fitting out for the Weft Indies. Of St. Lucia , 

' the CaribD&-Ind!ans, and Captain Warner. Sd 
arrive* at Jamaica 3 His Ahoad and Travels 
there, and prfi Voyage to Campeachy. The 
Eaft and North of Jucatan defcribed. Key^ 
Nfugere,Cape dtochj^nd its hagwood-Qining j 
the Mount and its Salt-fetre Earth Jhe Indian 
Idomu , the Tarpom>Fi(h , Fifhermen, and 
Lookouts. Rio de h Gartos» Salt-Ponds, 
Selam, Siial , and Oipe Condecedo/ Hit 
frft. Arfiyal at Ifland Trift, in the Bay of 

" A a ' Cani- 



Campeachy* His anchoring at Ofle-BuflhF 
Key, and Entertainment among th^hogmodr 
Cutters. The efcape of four Englijh Prif oners 
from Metko sma Otinpcacby. He returns 
for Jamaica » and is chafed by two Spamfh 
Fejfels. The difficulty of their Pajfagebac^y and 
his falling foul of the Alcranes Iflef. The 
Boobies and Egg; Birds tbere^ &c. %0Pord^lBfhy 
Nuffesy Seals, 8cc. Of Captain hongand others 
Sh$fwracl(d here. The Soundings hereabout: 
He gaffes through the Colorado Shoals y and 
Anchors near Cafe St. Antonio in Cuba % and 
eoafting by the Ijland of Pines, Anchors a* the 
Ifland of Grand Kaytnan. He goeshack, and 
Anchors at J^and Pines, its troduB^ Racoons, 
Land-Crabsy fierce Crocodiles^ Cattle^ &c. He 
ftands off to Sea again^ and mth the help of 
afeafonaUe Nor thy after much diffictdtyy arrivei 
at Jamaica. ; , 

AMong other things referr'd to in my fbraier 
Volume^ I mentioned an Account I intended 
to give of the Bay of Qimfeachy^ where I 
lived firft and laft about 3 . Y^es. I ihall 
now dilchargemy felf of that Promife ^ and becaufe 
my CampeacbyVoyages were, in order of time, before 
that round the World^ I (hall upon this occaJion go 
ib far back as to Ibeak briefly of njy * firft going to 
Sea^ and the Rambles I made till my fetting out for 
Qampeacby. 

My Frienck did not originally defign me for the 
Sea^ but bred me 2X School till I came to Years 
fit for a Trade. But upon the D^th of my 
Father and Mother^ they who had tjie difpofal of 
me, took otiier Mealiires 5 and having remov'd me 
from tibe Latino School to lomi Writing and 

AritJh 



^>, 



the Authors firfi going to Sea. j 

Afithmetick^ they ibon after plac'd me with aMafter^j. idy^. 
of a Ship at Weymouth^ complying with the Incli- 
nations I had very earlv of feeing the World : With 
him I made a fliort Voyage to France y^ and return- 
ing thence , went to Newfoundland ^ being then 
about Eighteen Years of Age. In this Voyage 
I ipent one Summer ^ but lb pinched with the rigour 
of that cold Climate, that upon my return I was 
abfblutely againft ^ing to thofe parts of the World ^^ 
but went home again to my Friends* Yet going up, a 
while after to London^xh^ offer of a warm Voyage and 
a long one,both which I always defired,fbon carried mo 
to Sea again. For hearing of an Outward-bound 
Eafi India Man^, the John and Martha of London^ 
Capt. Earning Commander, I entred my felf aboard^ 
and was employed before the Maft , ior wiiich my 
two former Vcyages had Ibme way qualified me* 
VVe went dire£Uy for Bantam in the Ille of fava^ 
and flaying there about tw:o Months , cam6 home 
again m litue more than a Year •, touching at St.Jagd 
of the Caj^e Verd Hlandsat outgoing out^ and at 
^cenfion in pur return. In this Voyage I gained more 
experience in Navigation, but kept no Join:nal. VVc 
arrived at VlimQUth about two Months before Sir 
Robert Molms wpnt out to fall upon the Dutch Smyrna 
Fleet •, andthefecond Dutch W^x breaking oiit upod 
this, I forbore going to Sea that Sianmer, retiring to 
my* BrQther \iiSomerfetJhire. But growing weary of 
ftayit^ afhore, 1 lifted my felf on Board the Rcyat 
frince , Commanded by 5ir Edward Spr^jjg ^ 
and lerved. under, him in the Year 1673. being 
the laft of the Dutch War. We 'had three En- 
jecnents that Summer -, I was in two of them, but 
tiling very fick, I was put a Board an Holpital 5Aip^ 
a day or two before the third Engagement, feeing 
it at a diftana only ^ and in this Sir Edward Sprag 
waskillU Doon after I was lent to i£/ra;/V^^ with 

A a 1 the 



'^* 



Ar. 1674. the reft of the Sick and wounded : And having langui- 
V-'^'^VNJ flied a great while, I went home to my Brother to 
recover my health. 

By this time the War with the Ibutch was con- 
cluded •, and with my health, I recovered my old 
Inclination lor the Sea. A Neighbouring Gentleman, 
Collonel Hellier of Eafl-Coker in Somerfetjhire , 
my Native Farifti , made me a fealbnable offer 
, io go and manage a Plantation of his in Jj^)5^j/Vj,under 
one Mr. Whalley : for which place I let put with 
Capt. Kent in the Content of London. 

1 was then about 22 Years old^ and fiad never been 
in the Weft Indies ^ and therefore^ kft I niight be 
trapan'd and fold as a Servant alter my arrived in 
, Jamaica^ I agreed with Capt. Kent to jvorfc as a 

Seaman for my Paflage, and had it under his fiand to 
be clear'd at our firft arrival. We lailed put of the 
River Thames in the beginning of the Year. 1674. ^^^ 
meeting with iavourable Winds m a fhort time 
got into tke Trade-wind and went merrily along, 
fteeririg lor the Ifland B^r W^/fx. When we came 
in l^t of it Captain Kent told his Paflengers, if 
they would pay his Port-Charges he would anchor 
in the Road, and flop whilft they got te&efliment : 
But the Merchants npt caring to part with their 
Money, he bore away^ direShig his Courfe towards 

Jamaica^ " ' 

. The next Ifl'and that appeared in our view was 
%x.ljicia. Tis diftant from Barbadoes jabout 3 o Leagues, 
and very wealthy in large Timber-Trees fit for all 
ttfes. For this Realbn 'tis often vifited by the En^ 
glifh^ who ftock themfelv^ here with Rollers, ^cl 
They have endeavoured to fetde an Englijh Co^ 
tony there, but hitherto unfuccelsfully, becaufe of 
the Caribbe-Indians. 

VoQ Caribbees 2X^ a Ibrt of Vizt]3k& Indians^ de- 
lighting to rove on the Sea in Peri^oes or lai^ge 
Carioesi Their chicfeft Hitbitations 3r& on themain; 

but 



but at certain Seafons of the Year they vifit the ^_i6n. 
Iflands for their plealiire. Barbadoes was former- 
ly much frequented by them 5 but fince the Bn- 
glifh fettled ' ther& • they ' have been forced to 
abandon it 5 and' content themfelves in their Sea- 
Voyages ^ or ' with iuch Iflands only as are* 
not poflels'd by the Europeans ^ except where they 
have hopes of conquering *, as they have done at; 
St, Lucia. 

Near the Main where thefe Indkns live, lies 
Tobago^ which , when it was firft fettled by thsi 
Dutch, was much infefted by them. Thefe Indi- 
ans , as I have ' heard , had formerly Planta- 
tions on moft of the Caribbe Iflands •, and in their 
Sea Voyages did ufe to remam 3 Weeks or a Month 
at a time on an Ifland, and then remove to ano« 
ther •, and lb vifit moft of them before their re- 
turn to the main* 

St. T^;/^^;?/ is another of thefe Iflands lying near 
St. Lucia : We jpalfed betweien them ^ and feeing 
a finokeon St. Lucia^ we fent our Boat alhore there. 
Our Men found feme of the Caribee-htdians^ and 
bought of them Plantains, Bonanos, Pine Apples, 
and Sugar Canes •, and returning aboard again,there 
came with them a Canoa with 3 or 4 of the Indians. 
Thefe often repeated the word Captain Warner^ and^ 
feemed to . be in feme dilquiet about him. We 
did not then underftahd tiie meaning of it ^ but 
fince I have been informed that this Captain War^ 
ner^ whom they mentioned, was born at Antego^ : 
one of our Englifh Iflands, arid the Son of Gover- 
nour Warner^ by an Indian Woman^ and bred up by 
liis Father after the Englifh manner ; ■ he tear* 
ned the Indian Language alfo of his Mother •, but 
being grown up, and finding himfelf defpifed by his : 
Englifh Kiridredi, he forfook his Fathers Houfe , 
got away to Si- hkcia , and- there lived among' 
the Cambe Indians^ his Relations By the Mother, 

, B b 3 fide, 



5 inafon vv 'txiinci: t^n a. 

j^ ,^- - fide* Where conforming himfelf to their O 
ftoms h? became one of their Captains, and rovej 
ftom one Ifland to another , as thw did. Aboiit 
this time the Caribbees had done fome ipoil cxti 
our Engllfh Plantations at Ant ego : and therefore 
Governour Warner's Son hj his Wife, took a Party 
of Menandwenttoliipprefethoie Indians j and came 
\o the place where his Brother the Indian Warner 
Uved. Great feeming Joy there was at their Meist- 
ing. •, but how far it was real the Event (hewed ^ for 
the Englijh Warner providing plenty of Liquor, and 
inviting bis half Brother to be. merry with him, in 
ih? npidft of his Entertainment ordered his Men 
upon a fignal given tq murder him ai4 all his 
Indians ^ which was accordingly perjfbrmed^ The 
Realbn of this inhumane AQdon is diverfly repor-? 
ted •, Some fay that this Indian-Warner committed 
all the Jpoil that was done to the ^ngl\[h j and there- 
fore for that Reafon his Brother kiU'd him and 
Jiis Men. Others that he was a great Friend to 
the Englijh^ and would not lufFer liis Men to hurt; 
them, but did all that lay in his power to draw 
them to an amicable Commerce \ and that his 
Brother kill'd hini , for that he was alhamed to 
be related to an Indian. But be it how it will, 
he was call'd in queftion. for the Murder, and 
forced to come home to take his Tryal in Eng- 
land. 3uch perfidious Doings as thefe, befide the 
Bafenel^ of theni, are great hindrances of our 
gaining an Intereit among the Indians. 
. Putting ftom thefe Iflands we fleered away fiir- 
ther Wefi , ^uid falling in with the Eaft end of 
hifpaniola^ we ranged down along on the South 
fide even to Cape Tiburon^ which is the We fiend 
of the ^fland, There we lay by, and fent , our 
Boat alhpre ^ for Captain Kent had been infornaed 
that there were gjeat Groyes of Orange:Trees neaj 
Jhis Cape ^ But our Men not findix^any, be then 
y- . ^' ' : . . concluded 



v.i 



ms 4^fva§ at Jamaica. 7 

concluded there were none : But I have been fince An. i 74. 
informed iriy felf by ftvetal that have been there, ^^'^^^ 
that there are enou^ of them thereabouts. From 
hence Vf^ fleeted away for Jamaica^ where we ar- 
tivcd ift a fhott tiipe, bringing with us the firft News 
thgr ha4 of the Peace with the Dutch* 

Here according to my ContraQ:, I was immedi- 
ately difchafged •, and the next day I went ta the 
Spanijh Totfon , call'd Sanf J ago de la Vega ^ where 
nieeting with Mr. Whalley^ we went together to 
Coll. Bel/ierV Plantation in 16 Mile-walk. In 
our way tliithef we paft through Sir Tho.Muddijord'^ 
Plantation, at the Angells^ whereat that time were 
Otta and Cacao-Trees growing ^ and fording a pretty 
large River, we paft by the lide of it 2 or 3 Miles 
up the flream, tnere bleing high Mountains on each 
fide. The way to 16 Mile-walk was formerly a 
great deal about, round a large Mountain •, till Mr. 
Cory Uelliar^ the Collonel's Brother, found out this 
way. For being defirous of making out a (horter 
cut, he and Ipme others coalted along the Rirer, 
>till they found it run between a Rock that flood 
up perpendicularly fleep on each fide , and with 
much di$cuky they climbed over it. But a Dog 
that belonged to tliem , finding a hole to creep 
through the Rock^ fuggefted to them that 
there was a hollow raflage ^ and he clear'd it by 
blowipg up the Rock with Gunpowder, till he had 
made a way through it broad enough for a Horfe 
with a Pack , and high enough for a Man tp 
Ride through. This is called the Hollow Rock 
Some other Races he levell'd and madeit an in- 
diflferent good PafBge. 

He was a very Ingenious Gentleman, and doubt- 
leis had he lived, might have propagated fome 
advantagioufi Arts on tiliat Ifland. He v^as once 
endeavouring to make Sah Petre at the Angells , 
but did not . bring it to Perfefiion^ Whether the 

Bb 4 Earth 



An, 1 61^, Earth there was not right, I know not ^ but pro^ 
babljr there may be Salt-Yetre-Earth in other 
Places, eQ)ecially about Paflage-Fort, where, as I 
have been informed, the Qines will not n^e 
coed Sugar , by Reafbn of the ialttiefi of die 

. I liv'd with Mr. Whalley 2X.16 Miie-walk for 
almoft fix Months, and then entred my felf into 
the Service of one Captain Ueming , to manage 
his Plantation 2X St. Anns , on the Nprthfide of 
the Ifland , and accordingly ro^e from Su J ago. 
die la V^ga tow^d St. Anns^ 

This Road has but lorry Accommodations for. 
Travellers. The firft Night I lay at a poor Hun- 
ters Hut, at the foot of Mount l^iabolo on the 
South fid? of it , where for want of Cloaths to 
cover me in the Night I vvas very cold when 
the tand-wind Iprang up. 

This Mountain is part of die great pidge that 
runs tlie length of the Mand fronfi Ea^ to ^^ \ 
to (the Eaft 'tis call'd the hkw Mountain , which 
is higher than this. The next Efeiycrofling Mount 
Idiaholo^ I got a hard Lodging at the Toot of it 
on the ]Korth fide 5 and the third day after arrived 
^t Captain Ueming^ Plantation. . 

I was clearly out of my Element .there , and 
therefore as fopn as Captain Ueming came thither^ 
I difingaged my felf from him, and took my . paC 
iage on Board a Sloop to PortRpyal^ with one 
Mr. St^tham^ who uled to Trade round the Ifland, 
apd touched there at thsit time. 

From Yort'Royal I faiPd with one Mr. fifhook^ 
who traded to the Norith-fide of ti? Ifland, and 
fpmetimes round it : And by thofe coafticg Vcy- 
ages I came acquainted with all the forts an4 
Says about Jamaica , and with all their Manu- 
fattures 3 as alfb with the Benefit of the Land and 
§ea-win4s. For pur Bufinel| was to bripg Qood§ 

* to 



/-^ 



to, or carry them from Planters to Yort-R^yal •, and An, 1^75, 
we were always entertained civilljr by thenv, both in W^" ^ 
their Houfes andPlantations^, having Liberty to walk 
about and view then^ They gave us alfo rlantains, 
Yams, Potato^, e^^. tocarnr aboard with us j on 
which we fed commonly all our Voyage. ^• 

But after fix or leven Months, I left that emplqjr 
alfo, and fliipt my fclf aboard one Capt. Hudfet^ , 
who was bound to the Bay of CampeacJy to load 
hogwood. 

We iailed ftom P^z-Ry/z/ about the begmning of 
Mguft^ in 1675. in Companv with Capt. Wren ia 
,a .finaU Jamaica Bark , and Capt John/on Com- 
mander of a Ketch belonging to riew-England. 

This Voyage is all Ae way before the Vl^ind, 
and therefore -Ships commonly iail it in 12 or 14 
Days •,' Neithef were we longer in our Paflage^ 
for we had very fair. Weather , and touched 
no where till we camp to Trift Ifland in the Bay of 
Campeachy^ which is the only place they go to. In 
our way thither we firft Med by little Caimanes^ 
leaving it on our Larboard fide, and JCfy Monhrack^ 
which are two finall Iflands, lying South of Cuba. 
The next Land we law was the Ifle of Yines ^ 
and fteering (tiil Wefterly, we made Qape Corien- 
es : iUid failing on the South fide of Cuba , 
till we came to pipe Antonio^ which is the Weft end 
of it^ we Itretch^ over towards the Veninfula of 
Jucatan^ andf^ll in with Cape Catoch^ which is in 
the Extream part of that Promontory, towards the 
Eaft. 

The Land trends ftom this Cape one way South 
about 40 Leagues till you come to the Ifland Cozumel^ ' 
^nd. ftom thence it-runs S. W. down into the Bay of 
liondurai* Alput 10 Leagues ftom Cape Catoch^ be- 
tween it and Cozumel lies a finall Ifland called by 
^he Spaniards Key^Muger^ oiWomens Ifland -^ becaule 
Yis reported djat when they wentfiift to fettle in thefe 



lb LOfeKjaxocn itn^fn i/^gtma. 

jin.i67$. parts they left their Wives there, while they went 
over on the main to find fibme l)etter Habitation : The' 
now they have no fettlement near it, whatever they 
have had formerly. • 

About 3 Leagues ftoip Cafe Catoch^zxA juft againft 
it is a finall Iffind called Loggerhead-Key -, probably 
becaufe it is frequently vifited by a fort of Turtle lo 
called-, near this Ifland we always find a great ripling 
which Seamen call the Rip-raps. This Cape, the' 
it appears to be part of the Main, yet is divided 
ftom it by a finall Creek, fcarce wide enough for a 
Canoa to pals through, though by it 'tis mad-e an 
Ifland. This I have been aedibly informed of by 
Ibme, who yet told me that they made a fhift to pate 
it in a Canoa. 

The Cape is very low Land by the Sea, but Ibme- 
what higher as you go further from the fhore. It is 
all over-grown with Trees of diveis forts, eQ)ecially 
Logwood f and therefore was formerly much 
frequented by the Jamaica Men, who came thither 
in Dloops to load with it, till all the Logwood- 
trees neat the Sea were cut down ^ but now 'tis 
wholly abandoned, becauie the Carriage of it to the 
fhore requires more labour, than the cutting, logging 
an^ chipping. Befides'they find better Wood now in 
the Bays oi Campeachy zxA Honduras^ and have but 
* little way to carry it •, not above 300 Paces, when I 
was there : whereas at Cape Catoch they were forc'd 
to carry it 1 500 Paces before they left that Place. 

From Capr Catoch we cdafted along by the (hore, 
on the North fide ofJucatan towards Grf^ Condecedo. 
The Coart lies neareft Weft. The diftancc between 
thele two Capes is about So Leagues. The fhore lies 
pretty level without any vifible Points or Bendkigs 
in the Land. It is woody by tiie fhore, and fiiU of 
fandy Bays and lofty Mangroves. 

The firft place of Note to the Weft of Cape 
Catoch^% 9. fhiall Hill by the Sea,call'd the Mmnt^ and 



is diftant from it about 14 Leagues. It is very remark- An. 167$. 
aye becaufe there is no other High-Land on all this - - - ' 
Coaft. I was never afhore here, but have met with 
fome wdl acquainted with the Race, who are all of 
opinion that this Mount was not natural, but the 
Work of Men : And indeed it is very probable this 
Place has been inhabited-, for here are a great many 
large Xi;ifterns, fuppofed to have been made for the 
receiving of Ram-water, for there are no fiefli 
Springs to be found here,the Soil being all landy and 
veiy lalt So that,as I have been credibly informed by 
an intelligent Perfon, the Spaniards do fetch of it to 
make Salt-P^tre. He alfo told me, that being once 
there in a Privateer, and landing fome Men on the 
Bay, they found about 100 Packs of this Earth 
bound ujp^in Palriieto-leaves^and a Spamjh Mulatto to 
puard it The Privateers at firft fight of the Packs were 
jn hopes there had been Maiz or Indian Corn in them, 
which they then wanted i but opening them they 
found nothing but Earth-, and examining the Mu^ 
latto for what ufe it was, he laid, to make Powder, 
and that he expefted a Bark from Campeachy to 
fetch it away. He further told me, that tafting of 
it, he found it very lak ^ as all the Earth there- 
abouts was. So that Ms not improbable thatdiofe 
Ciftems were made for the carrying on a Salt-Petrp- 
Wotk, But whatever was the delign at firft, it is 
pow wholly laid afide : for there is no ufe made of 
them 5 neithejr are there any Inhabitants near this 
Place. 

Between the Mount and Cape Condecedo clofe by 
the Sea, are many little Spots of Mangrove-trees, 
which at a diftance appear like Iflands : but coming 
pear^", *^hen other lower Trees appear, it (hews 
like ragged and broken Ground \ but at laft all the 
L«id prefcnts it felf to your view very even. 






Ths 



4n. 1^7$. The next Place of Note on thisCoaft is Rio de la 
G art 05^ almoft in the Mid-wajr between Cape Catoch 
and Ca^e Condecedo. This alfo is a very ronarkable 
Place s for here are 2 Groves of High Magnroves, 
one on each fide Ae River, by which it may be 
known very well* The River is butfinall, yet deep 
enough for Canoas. The Water is good^ and 
I know not any other Brook or frefh River on all die 
Coaft from Cape Catoch till within 3 or 4 Leagues 
of Campeafhy Town. 

A little to the Eaft of this River is a Fifh-Range, 
and a finall Indian Hutt or two within the Woods s 
where the Indian Fiftiers, who are iubjeO: to the 
Spaniards, lye in the Fmiing-Seafons, then: Habi- 
tations and r amiles being farther up in the Country, 
Here are Poles to liang their Nets on, and Barbecues 
to dry then: Fifh. When they go off to Sea, they 
iifh with Hook and Line about 4 or 5 Leagues from 
the (hore , for Snappers and Gropers^ which I have 
.already deicribed m my Voyage round the World. 
Chap. 4. Pag- pi. 

Since the Privateers and Logwood-fhips have 
failed this way, thefe Fifher-men are very (by, having 
been often fnap'd bjr them. So that now, when they 
are out at Sea, ^ if they lee a Sail, they prelently 
fink their Canoas even with the edge of the Water i 
for the Canoas when they are fiill of Water, will 
link no lower,and they theiiifelveslye jufl with their 
heads above Water, till the Ship which they law is 
pals'd by, or comes Night. I have feen them under 
iail, and they have thus vanilhed on a fiidden. The 
FUh which they take near the (bore with their Nets, 
are Snooks^ ^og^fijh and Ibmetimes Tarpoms. 

The Tarpom is a large fcalv Fifh, Ihaped much 
like a Salmon, but fbme what natter* 'Tisof a dull 
Silver Coloiy:, with Scales as big as a Half Qown, A 
large Tarpomm]! weigh 25 or 30 Poun^, Tis good 
fweet wnolfom Meat, and the Flefh Jojid and firm. 

In 



In Its Belly you fhallfind two large Scalops of Fat, ^n, t^j^, 
wei^iing two or three Pound each. I never Vxvnj 
knew any taken with Hook and Line •, but 
are either with Nets, or by ftriking them with 
Harpoons, at which the MoskiroMen are very ex- 
pert The Nets for this purpofe are made with ftrong 
double Twine, the Melhes 5 or /5 Inches fijuare. For 
if they are too iinall, fb that the Fifli be not in- 
tangled thereui, he prefeiidy draws himfelf a little 
backward, and then Iprings over the Net : Yet I 
have feen theip taken in a Sain Hiade with 
iSnall Mefhcs in this manner. After we have inclofed 
a great number, whilft the two ends of the Net 
were drawing alhore, 10 or 12 naked Men have fol- 
lowed 5 and when a Fifti ftruck agauift the Net, the 
next Man to it gral^d both Net and Fifh in his Arms, 
and held all faft till others came to his affiftance. 
Bdides thefe we had three Men in a Canoa, in which 
they mov'd fide-ways after the Net •, and m^ny of 
the Fifh in ipringing over the Net, would fall into 
the Canoa : And by thefe means we fliould take two 
or ^3 at every Draught, Thefe Fifh are found plen- 
tifully all ^ong that ftiore, ^om Cape Catoch to Trift^ 
eipeciallyin clear Water, hear iaiidy Bay s •, but no 
where in muddy or rocky Ground. They are 
allQ about famatca^ and all the Coaft of th^ Main -, 
^ipecially near CarthagetKu 

Weft from R/(? de la Gartos^ there is a Look-out, 
or Watch-tower, called Selam. This is a Place 
clofe by the fhore, contrived by the Spaniards for 
tiieir Indians to watch in. There are many of them 
on .this Coaft : Some built from the Ground with 
Timber, others only little Cages placed on ia Tree, 
big enough for one or two Men to fit in,- with a 
Ladder to go up aiffl down. Thefe Watch-towers 
are never without jln Indian or two all the day long^ 
the Indians who live .near any of them being obli- 
ged to take ijheh: turns. 

' About 



14 Loohpf^s and Salt Ponds. 

An. 1675. About three or four Leagues Weftward of Selant^ 
is another Watch-Box on a High Tree , called 
Linchanchee Lookout ^ from a large Indian 
Town of that Name 4 Leagues up in the Coun- 
try ^ and two Leagues farther within Land is another 
Town, called Chtnchanchee. I have been afliore 
at thefe Look-outs^ and have been either rowing in 
a Canoa^ or walking aftiore on all this Coaft, even 
from Rio de la Gartos to Cape Condecedo : but did 
never fee any Town by the more, nor any Houfes, 
befides Fifhing-hutts, on all the Coaft, except only 
at SifaL Between Selam and Linchanchee are many 
finall regular Salt Ponds,, divided from each otfier 
by little Banks •, the biggeft Pond not above 10 Yards 
long and d broad. 

The Inhabitants of thefe two Towns attend 
thefe Ponds in the Months of May , June , 
and July to gather the Salt, which fupplies all the 
Inland Towns of thefe Parts v and there is a ^ht of 
. Wood between the Sea and the Ponds, that you can 
neither fee them nor the People at Work till you 
jcome afliore. 

From thefe Salt Ponds further Weft, about three 
or four Leagues, is, the Look-out called SifaL Thii 
is the higheft and moil remarkable on aU the Coail^ 
it ftands clofeby the Sea, and it is built with Timba:^ 
This is the firftObjeO: that we make off at Sea ^ and 
Ibmetimes we take it for a Sail, till running nearer, 
we difcover the high Mangrove-trees appearing 
in finall Tufts at feyeral Diftances from it. 

Not far from hence there is a Fort with 40 or 50 
Soldiers to Guard the Coaft •, and from tliis Place 
there is a Road througli the Country to the City of 
merida. This is the chiefeft City in all the Province 
of Jucatan^ it being inhabited qioflly with Spani- 
ards: Yet there are many Indian Families amoiffi 
them, who live in great fiibjeftion, as do the reft of 
the Indians of this Country. The Province of Ju- 



caian^ 



catan^ elpedally this Northern and themoft Eafterly An. 167$. 
Part of it, is but indifferently fruitful, in compa- 
ri%i-of that rich Soil ferther to the Weft 5 Yet is it 
fetty populous of Indians^ vi4io all live together in 
'owns ^ but none within five ot fix Miles of the 
S^, except (as I j&id) at two or three Fifliing Places^ 
and even there the Indians reibrt to filh but at cer- 
tain Sealbns of the Year. Therefore when Privateers 
come on this Coaft, they fear not to Land and ram- 
ble about, as if they were in then: own Country, 
feeking for Game of any ibrt, either Fowl or Deer ; 
of both which there are great plenty, efpecially of 
the latter, though fometimes they pay dear for it ': 
A finall Jamaica Privateer once Landed 6 or 7 Men 
at this Look-out of Sifal •, who not fufpefting any 
danger, ordered the Canoa with 5 or 4 Men to row 
along by the fliore, totjike them in upon their giving 
a fign or firing a Gun : But within half an hour they 
were attacked by about 40 Spanifh Soldiers, who had 
cut them off from the Ihore, |€) whom tiey furren- 
dred themfelves Prifbners- The Spaniards carried 
thefti in triumph to the Fort, and then demanded 
which was the Captain.Upon this they all ftood mute, 
for the Captain was not among them 5 and they 
were afraid totell the Spaniards lo, . for fear ofbeing 
all hanged for Straglers •, Neither did any one of 
thOTidare toaflfume that Title, becaufe they had no 
Commiffion with them, nor the Copy of it -, for 
the Capuins don't ufuallygo afliore without a Copy, 
at lieaft, of their Commimon,which is wont to lecure 

' both themfelves and thek Men- ■ > At 

kft one John UuUock cocked up his litde cropt 
Hat, and told them that he was the Captain •, and 
the Spaniards demanding liis Commiffion, he fald it 
was aboard^ for that he came afhore only to hunt, 
not thinking to have met any Enemy. The Spaniards 
were well iatisfied with this Anfwer,* and afterwards 
ielpe£ted him as the Captain, and ferved him with 

bettes 



■UV9 \Mf9 1 11. V&JMft* 



Jn. i57 J. better Provifion and Lodging thin the reft t and the 
next day when they were lent to the City ot Merida^ 
about 12 or 13 Leagues fiom thence. Captain hul- 
lock had a Horfe to ride on, while the reft went on 
Foot ; And though they were all kq)t indole Prifbn, 
yet Hullock had the honour to be often lent for 
to be examined at the Governours Houle, ard was 
frequently Regal'd with Chocolate , iffc. From 
tiience they were carried to Campeach^ Town, whei^ 
(till Captain Hullock was better ierved than his 
Comrades : At laft, I know not how, they aU got 
thek Liberties, and Hullock was ever ap:er caU'd 
Captain Jack- 

It is about 8 Leagues from $ifal to Cape Condecedo^ 
Twenty Leagues North of which lyes a finall 
Ifland call'd hy the Spaniards IJles des Arenas^ but 
the Englifh seamen, as is uliial with them, corrupt 
the Name ftrangely^ and lome call it the Defarts^ 
others die Defarcuffes •, but of this Ifland, having 
neva: feen it, I can give no Accoupt . - 

All this Coaft from Cape Catoch to Cape Cdnde: 
cedo^ is Low-Land^ the mount only excepted. It is 
molt landyBay bythe Sea^ yetlbme of it is Man- 
grovv-Land ^ within which you have. Ibme Ipots of 
dry $avanah, and finall fcrubbed Trees, with Ihort 
thick Bulhes among them. The Sea deepens gra^ 
dually from the ihore, and Ships may Anchor ii> 
landy^^ Ground in any depth from 7 or 8 Foot to 10 oj 

1 2 Fathom Water* 

In lome Places on this Coaft we reckon our di- 
ftance from the Ihore by the deptfi of the Sea, allow- 
ing 4 Fathom for the hrft League, and for every Fa- 
thom afterward a League more- 

But having got thus to Cave Condecedo^ I Ihall de- 
fer the fiirther defcriptipn or thefe Pajts, from this 
Cape Southward and Weftward to the High-Lsmdof 
St Martin^ which is properly the Bayof C/;»p^^j^ 
and from thence alfq further Weftward, till my fe- 

coiid 



<^ond coming on this Coaft, when I made Ibionga An. 167^ 
ft ay here. To proceed therefore with my prelent 
^Voyage, having paft Cape Catoch^ the Mount ^ Rio dc 
^la Gartos^ Sifal^ and Cape Condecedo^ we flood South- 
ward direCfly for T/v/?, tile Haven of our Logwood- 
Cutters \ at which Place being not above 60 Leagued 
diftantj we foon arrived. 

Tti^ is tlie Road only fo| big Ships. Smaller 
Veflels that draw but a little Water run 5 Leaguts 
fetther, by ctoffing ovei: a great Lagune that rurs 
ftoin the Illand up into the Main-Land j where they 
anchor at a Place called One Bujh-Key. We flayed 
at Trift 3 days-^ fill our Water , and then with 
Out 2 ConlbrtS Med thence with theTide of Blood ^ 
and the iame Tide arrived there. This Key is not 
fibove 40 Paces long, and 5 or 6 broad, having only 
a little crooked Tree growing on it^ and for that 
realbn it is called One-Bufh-Key. It feems to be 
criy a heap of Shells, for the Illand is covered 
With them. The greateft part are Oyfler-lhdls. 
There are a gteat niany Oyflet-banks in this Lagune, 
and the adjacent Creeks ^ but none afford better, 
either fot largenefs or tafte^ than the Bank about 
this Ifland, In the wet Ssalbn the Ojrflers as well 
of One-BuJh'Key ^ othet Places here, are made 
ftefli by the Freffies running out of the Country : 
fcut in the dry Time they are fait enough. In the 
Creeks they are Imaller, but more' numerous ^ and 
the Mangrove-Roots that grow by the fides of the 
Creeks ate loaden with them ^ and fo are all the 
Branches that hang in the Water. 

One-BuJh'Key is about a MUe from the Ihore •, and 
juft ag?dnft the Ifland is i finall Creek that runs a 
Mile farther, and then opens into another wide La- 
gune • and through this Creek the Logvj^ood is 
brought to the Ships riding at the Key. Between 
the pyfter-Banks that lye about the Ifland and the 
Main, there is good Riding in about 1 2 Foot Wa-j 

B b ter 



1 3 hohc^om Loguftidd Ciittm^ 

An. i67i. ter- The bottomi is very foft Oaz ifilbmuch itfiat we 
are forced to flioo our Anchors to niake them hold* 
The Main by it is all Low MangrovyXaHd, which is 
over-flow'd every Tide ^ and in the Wet' Seafdnis 
covered with Water. Here we lay to take in oiir 

Lading. 

Our Cargo to purchafe Logwood was' Rum and 
Sugar -, a very good Commodity for the Logwood- 
Cutters^ who were then about 250 Men, moft E/i- 
glijh^ that had fettled themfelves in feveral Places 
hereabouts : Neither was it long before we had thefe 
Merchants came aboard to vilit us -, we were but 6 
Men and a Boy in the Ship, and all little enough to 
entertain them: forb^es what Rum we ibid by the 
Gallon or Ferkin ^ we fold it made into Punch, 
wherewith they grew Frolickfom. We had none 
but finall Armsto fire at their drinkhig Healths, and 
therefore the noife was not very great at a diftaBce j 
but on Board the Veflels we were loud enough till 
all our Liquor was Q^ent : We took no Money for 
it, nor expefted any ^ for Logwood was what we 
tame hither for, and we had ©f that in lieu of our 
Commodities after the ra;te of 5 Ppuiid^^r Tiin^ 
to be paid at the Place where they cut it \ and 
we went with our Long-boat to fetch finall Quali- 
ties. But becatife it would have taken up a long 
time to Load our Veflel with our own Boat only, 
we hhred a Periago of the Logwood-Cutters to 
bring it on Board ^ and by that means made the 
quicker dilpatch. I made two or three Trips to 
their Huts, where I and thofe with me: were always 
very kindly entertained by them with Pork and 
Peafe, or Beef and Dough-Boys. Their Beef they 
got by hunting in the Savanahs. As long as the Li- 
quor lafted, whkh they bought of us, we were 
treated with it, either in Drams or Punch. But for 
a more particular Account of the Loewood-Cutters, 
I fhall refer the Reader to my fecond Voyage hither, 

whicb 



^lliichf I ipack ih|Ordy after imr return to Jamaica , ^a. ,575 
, I?€!(?aiiife I law a ' great prolpeS of gettiiig J^bney 
iKiCi if Meil would be but diligent and frugal. 

But let's broceed with our Voyage ^ It was the 
Jsitter end ^% SepemUr^ 1675. wlien we failed 
ftona C^e-Bi^Key with tie Tide of Ebb 5 and an- 
chored again at Trift that fame Tide ^ wh^re 
we watered our Vellel in order to fail. This we 
^^rcopaplifhed in two Days, aQd the third day failed' 
frona Tr^. towards Jamaica. , A Voyage which 
prqved veiy tedious ai^d hazardous to us, by 
f^^fl of our fhips being fb 1 luggifh a Sailer that 
5h^ would not ply to Wini ward, whereby we were 
necefl&rily driven upon feveral Shoals that other- 
wife we Boi^l have avoided, and forced to fpend i j 
We?fes in pu?: PaHag?, is ufually accomplilhed iq 
hgif that time. 

V\re had now a Paflenger with us, one Will Wood- 
ers^ Jamaica Seaman, that with three others, that 
were , jtak^en by thQ Spanisf rds, was fent to the 
Qltf lof JNkxico^ where they remained Prifbners 6 
Pt SMonth?^ bvt at laft yver^ remanded to ha 'ver^ 
Ot^-?, 3nd ftom then<;:eby Sea to Campeachy : They 
wwe not iiTiprijpned, but only kept to Work on 
Board titie Ship ; that brought them , . and foon 
found an opportunity to make their efcapes, in this 
, maimer. They had been imployed aftior§ all- the 
day^d |)€ing fent aboard at wi^t, they fell to cob- 
triw how to runaway with the Boat, but confidering 
. iim diey wanted Necef&ries for their Voyage they 
irddlved..6rft^ta go back and fupply themfelves, 
which they ibigjit then do the better, becaufe they 
knew idacre' were none bu^ a few Indians on Board.* 
Aecotdingly having feize^ .and bound the Indians, 
taking with A^m a Compjiis^ v^ith fbme^ Bread and 
Wacer^th/5y putQff to Sea,and arrivdatTr//? a Week 
befibire.-out departure : And' this WilL Wwders was the 
mcai^ Widec God of the- Prefervation of our Ship. 

Bb ^ The 



^o 1^ Author chafed^ and nmwfflj^^ifl 

An. 1^7$. The third day after we left Tr//?, about 8 fe the 
Morning, near 12 or -14. Leagues W, S* -W, ftom 
Campeachy^ we faw two fail about 3 Leagues ta 
Wind-ward coming direOlly towards us, the Captain 
iiippofing that they had been Jamaica Veflels would 
have layn by to hear fome News, and to get Ibme 
Liquor from them^ for we had now none on Board 
but a few Bottles in a fmall Cafe, that the Captain 
referved for his own drinking. But Wooders with- 
ftood the Captains Propolal, aftd told him, that when 
he came from Campeachy there were two fmall VeC 
fells ready to iail for lobafco River, which is not 
above n or 12 Leagues to Leeward of THfi , and 
that it was more probable thefe were thofe two VcC 
fells than any from Jamaica. Upon this we* 
edged off more to Sea, and they alio altered their 
Courfe fleering away ftill diie£lly with us ^ ib that 
we were now afliired they were Spaniards:^ and 
therefore we put away ^^ Qjiartering, and fleering N. 
W. and though they fliill fetched onus a-pace, yet 
to ' make the more Ipced they turned- a BcKit loofe 
that was Tow, at one of their Sterns^ and ihe 
being a good Sailer came within Gun-ftot of us •, 
when, as it pleafed God, the Land-Wind dyed away 
of a fiidden, and the Sea-Breez did not yet ipring 
up- 

While the Wmd lafted we thought our felves 
but a degree ftom Priibners •, neither had we yet 
great hopes t^f efcaping-, for our Ketch, even when 
light ^ was but a dull Sam, wc^fe being deep loaden. 
However, we had now time to unbend theTorefiU, 
and make a fludding Sail of it to put right be- 
fore the Sea-Breez when it ftioiild ipring up. This 
was accordingly done in a trice, and in left than an 
hour after the Breez fprung up freib^ and we put 
right before the Wind* We had this advantage in 
it, that all the Sail we had did us Service: While 
on the contrary, thofe who chafed us, being three 

Mail 



Maft VeflH% cxaild not bring all theirs to draw ^ for ^w- t<^75- 
. their after Siails becalmed their Head-fails^ and we 
held them tack ibr two or three Hours, neither gain- 
ing nor loofing. ground. At laft the Wind freming 
on by the coming of a Tornado, we gained confide- 
rably of them 5 fo they fired a, Gun and left their 
Chace, but we: kept on crouding till Night ^ and 
then clap'd on a Wind again, and faw no more of 
them. 

in about a Fortnight after this, we were got as for 
to the Eaft as ^0 de la Gartos^ and there overtook 
us a ^all ;Barmudoes Boat belonging to Jamaica^ 
which had not been above 10 Days come from Tr//?, 
but lailed much better than we did. Th?f efere our 
Merchant wgijf on Board of Her, for he faw we 
were l^P to have a long Paflag? ^ apd Provifipn 
jb^an to be icarce already, which he could, not ib 
. well brook ^ we. Our Courfe lay all along againft 

jheXxacb5-W«i4.-; ' 

All the hopes that we had was a good North, this 

b^ing the. only time, of the Year fpr it: and loon 
after we liw. a,black tloud in the N. W* (which is a 
fign of a North, Imt of this- more iq my Difcourle of 
Winds) for tjy9 Days, Morning and Evening. The 
tWrd day it role a-pacc and came away very Iwiftly* 
We prefently -provided to receive it by fui- 
ling all but our. Main-iail ^ , intendmg with that to 
take the advantage of it. Yet this did us but lit- 
tle Service-, for after an Hours time, in which it blew 
fielh^t N. W. the Cloud went away, and the Wind 
: rame about again at E. N. E..the lifual Trade in thefe 
rarts. We therefore made ufe of tlie Sea and Land- 
Breezes, ' as we had done before -, and being now 
as high as the befcre-mentioned F//Si;sr^ Bj;//^! on the 
i^ortih of Juc(ftan^ we ib ordered our Bufin^fs tliat 
with the Xand-Winds we run oyer to t|i? feanks j 
and while it was calm between th^ tkiid-Winds 
and Sea-Breez 'we put out our Hooks and Lines and 
" B>3 ^ fiflicd, 



jin.167^. fifted, and got plenty every M6»*ag c - Onetime 
our Captain after he hstd-hal'dina^ood^fflh, hmg.. 
eager at his fport and Avowing out liis Line too ha- 
ftily, the Hook hitched in the Palm of his Hand, and 
the weight of the Lead that was thro*v^n with a jerk, 
and hung about 6 Foot fiom the Hook, forced die 
beard quite through, that it appear'4 at the back <)f 
hisH^nd, • -' i> 

Soon after this we got as high as the Mount, and 
then ftood oflF about 30 Leagues ftom Land, iii 'hopes 
" to get better to Wind-Ward there, than near the 
Ihore i becaufe the Wind was at E. S. t. attd S. E. 
; by E. a ftefh gale.: continuing la '1 or 3 days. We 
fteered off to the North expe£feig >a •'Sek-Kpe^ iat 
E. N. E- and the third Day 'h^our dtffilfe. • ^en 
w^ tack'd and fteered in again S. E. Tor die ftore of 
jHcaian. Our Ketch, as 1 faid,^was a-heavy Sailer, 
elpecially on a 'Wind: for flie was very Ifeort^ and 
having ^:eat round Boyvs, when we liiet a Hpad^Sea, 
as. now •, ftie pkmgec} and labouraiy^not going a Head, 
but'tiunbling like an 'Ifog-fhell in' the Sea, ItWs 




ill \ iot every Sea would ftrike her ^eadiike a Log ^ 
then (he would fall oflF 2 or 3 Points frWn the Wind, 
though the Helm was'a-Lee ; arid as- (life recovered, 
iand made a little way,- (he would come^again ito'tiie 
Wind, till another Sea fttuckher dflFagam. ^'By that 
time 3 GlafTes were out the Sea became more fmooth^ 
and then (he fteered very well, and made pretty 
ftdih way through the Water.' I -was Ibmewhat 
iurprized at the (iiddenChange, ftbma-rough Sfea to 
^ litiooth \ and therefore lobk'd over Board 2 or 
3 tunes i for (he fteered open- on the Deck, and it 
being very fair Weather, all our Mepwerelayn down 
on the D^k and fallen alleep. My Gsfotain Wasjuft 
behind me on the Qpatter Deck faft'alleep too, for 
iieither he nor th^y dreaded any danger, we being 

»bQut 



about 30 Leagues fiom the Main-Land, at Noon, and %i<^75 
,as we thought not near any Ifland. P^'Vn 

But while 1 wasmufing.on the fudden alteration of 
the Sea, our Veflel iftruck on a Rock, withfuch force 
that the WhipifefF threw me down on my back : 
This flighted me ^0 much that I cryed out, and bad 
them all turn out, for the Ship ftruck. The furge 
that the Ship made on the Rock, awakened moft of 
our MeOa and made them ask. What t^e matter 
was ? But her flrikingaiecondtime, loon anlwered 
the Qjaeftion, and let us all to work for pur Lives, 
3y good fortune (he did not -ftick, but kept on her 
way ftill, and to our great comfort, the Water was 
VOT finooth ;• otherwSe we muft certainly have been 
loft , for we very plainly faw the ground 
under us: lb we let go our Anchor, in 2 Fathom 
Water, .clean White Sand : When our Sails were 
furled and a^lufficient Icope of Cable veered out, our 
Captain being yet in amaze^went into his Cabin, and 
;; moft of iis with hitn to view his draught-,and we .Ibon 
found we were fallen foul of the Alcranes. 

The AUranes are 5 or d low landy Iflands, lying 
in.the Lat of rabout 23 d. North, and diftant from 
the Coaft, of Jf^catanzbo\xt 2 5. Leagues •, thebiggeft 
is. not above a Mile or two in Circuit. They are 
diftant from one aiiother 2 or 3 Miles,not lying in a 
Line, but Icatteriiig here and there, with good Chan* 
, nels of 20 or 30 Fathom Water, for a Ship to pa;ls 
between. All of them have good Anchoring on 
the Weft fides, where you may ride in what depths 
jpu pleafeyfrom 10 to 2 Fathom Water, clean fandy 
Giound. On Ibme there are a few low Bufties of 
Burton-Wood, . btit they are molUy Barren and Sandy, 
bearing nothing but only a little Chicken- Weed ^ 
ineither have . ^j^ any frefh Water- Their Land- 
Animals are,.only l<u:ge.Rats, which are in great 
. Plenty i and ot Fowls, Boobies in vaft abundance, 
.with Men qf War and Egg-Birds, Thefe inhabit 
a ' B b 4 only 



In. 167$. only on Ibme of the Northermpft pf them, not pro- 
' ^^ * milpuQufly one among another, Jbut each fert within .^ 
tiieir own Precina?, (vi:sf) the Boobies aud the other 
two fort§ each a-part by tiiiemfelves •, and thus two 
or three of the Iflands are wholly tik^n up. The 
Boobies, being mofl^ numerous, have the greateft 
portion of Land. The Egg-Birds, tho' they are many, 
yet bein^but finaU, take up but little tootti to tibe 
reft ; Yet in that little part which they inhabit, 
they are Jbl^M^ft^rs, ?ind not difturbed by their 
Neighbours. All three forts are very tame, eQiedally 
the Boobies, and lb tluck fettled, tliat a Man cannpt 
pais through their Quarters, wi^out coming withia 
reach of tiieir Bills, with which they continually 
peck't at us. I took notice that they late in Pairs ^ 
and theiefore at firft thought them to be Cock and 
Hen^ but upon • ftriking at them, one flew away 
^om each place, : and that which was left behind 
leenjed as itiaMous ^s the other that was gone. I 
^admired at the boldnefs pf thpfe that did not fly 
aw^y, ^nd ufed Ibme fort of violence to force them, 
but i4 vain ^ for indeed thefe were ypilftg Ones, and 
had not yet learned the iife of their Wirrgs , the* 
.they were as big and as well featheted a^ thek Dams, 
:<)niy their feathers . were ibmetiilng whiter and 
feelher. Itbpk potic^ thatan old oile,' either the 
Cc9k pr Hen, always fat with the Young , to fecurQ 
,tliem , ^ for otheriyife thefe Fpwls would prey on each 
rbther, the Strong Pn the Weak, at leaft thofe of a 
differept Kind vjrpulcj make bold with their Neigh- 
^bours; The Mert-pf-War-Biid^\as well as the Boo* 
iies left Guardians ttf the Young,; when they went 
off to Sea, left they fhould bp ftarved by their 
Neighbours,, for there were a gres^t many old atid 
%mQ Mep of War Bkds^at could not fly off to Sea,> 
Jo feek th^r own Food. Thefedidiiot inhabit among 
their Cbnlorts,* bu; were either expeU^ the Com- 
imi%^9X eJfechofe.tateeput dt* Jofeer difbmce 

1 . - ' . i t- - y- . ■ ■ . . . >. 




from the reft, and that not altogether •, but Tcatter- ^. ,^75, 
jttng here and there, where they could rob fecureft: \ 
1 law near 20 of them on one of the Iflands, which 
Ibmetimes would Iklly into the Camp to ^k for 
Booty, but prefendy retreated again, whether th^ 
pt any thing or nothing. If one of thefe lame Birds 
found a Young Booby not guarded, it prefently gave 
him a good poult on uie back, with his Bill to make 
him dy^orge, whidi they will do with <!)ne ftroak, and 
it may be caft up a Fifti or two as bigas a Mans 
Writft ^ this th^ Iwallow in a trice, and march ofi^ 
and look out for another Prize. The found Men- 
cf-War will fometimes ferve the old Boobies fo <^ 
at Sea. I have feen a Marf-of-War fly dire£tty at a 
Booby and giye It one blow; which has caufed it 
to caft up a large Fifh, and the Man of War flying 
direOiy down after it, has taken it in the Air, before 
it reath'*d the Water. 

There are abundance of Eilh at fome diftance 
from tiiefe Iflands, by whkh the Fowls inhabiting 
hpre, are^ daily fupplied. ' 
' The Fifli near the Ifland are Sharks, Sword Fifties 
and Nurles ',all three forts delighting to be near findy 
Bays 5 thofe that 1 fyw Itere were but of a fmall 
fize, the Sw(*d-Fifli hot above a Foot and a half^ 
or two Foot long\ neither w?re the Sharks much 
longer^ a«d the Nurfes'aWutthte fame leingth. The 
jNurfe isjuft like a Shark, only its skin is rougher, 
and is uled for making the ftieft Ra*^s. Here are 
many Seals; thSy come up to fun themfelves only on 
' 'fcwo or three of the IflaMS^ I dorft 'know whether 
fexaftly of the iame kind with' thole in colder Cli- 
mates'^ but, as I have fidted'm my former Book, they 
" Mways liv^wheiethere is pt^ty of Fifti. v 
' To the Nortife of thefe filands lyes a long ledge of 
Rocks bending like a Bow-, it feems to lie 16 or 1 2; 
Yards wide, and About 4 Leagues long: and 3 Leagues 
ipanti^ jBfom^ the^lflaud. "' They are above Wa- 



"^"'1^1**. **^5 ^ j^^yj^S veiy dole to onq another, except at 
' one or two Places, where are finall Paflages about 
nine or ten Yards Wide ^ 'twas through one oF 
thefe that Providence 4ite£ted us m the Night ^ for 
the next Morning we law the Ri^abouthalf a Adile 
to the North of us, and right li^gaioft us ^jvas 
a fimll Gap 5 by which we canje in hither, /but 
coming to view it more nearly with our Boat^ iwe 
did not dare to venture out that .way again. One 
Realbn why we wowld have gone oijit to the North- 
ward, was,becauie irom our Main-tpp we law the 
Iflatids to the Soyjhward of us, apd heii^g unac- 

aiiainted, knew >iM)tiwheth^ we ipght find among 
lem a Channel to pa& through,; pur fecondreaibn 
was the >h6pes of tnaking a b^ttei; llant in for the 
Ihore, if we cotild rweather the Eaft end of the 
Riff. In; ordo: to this we w«idi?d Anchpr, keeping 
down by the fide of the Riff .tiU. we were at the 
Wieftend of it,. irfbi<:h was,about a League |rom 
where we Anchor^ ;r then we flood pff to ^eNorth, 
and there kept plying off. aod on to Weather the 
Eaft:end of theHw^ three ^Qiys \ fept xiotbeingable 
to jeflfea: it, by reafon of a (fa:oi^ . Current, fetting 
to the N* W, we»n»back.again-to rthe Weft end of 
the Riff, andrfteered away fox thef/Iflands. There 
we Anchoried and iay, three PI four (days, and vilit^ 
mOft.of them^ afidrfrradplgnty,<)f ^fiich Qeatures, 
as I have alife^dy deftiibed. f 

Though here was great ftore cfi fi^ good Food, 
and.weliketowant, yet we d3d xieit^iep: fait any^ i;ior 
ipend yof it fielb'to. ^ve oijr Stpck I found dbii^m 
all ^t one Man averle to it, but^I dj;:} heartily wiih 
them of another .mwd, becawfel dipeadoi .wanting 
before the end of the Voyage.^ a l^atzard which ive 
needed pot to run, > there bei^ hece fuch plenty of 
Fowls and Seals, (e^eqially^ of the latter) diat die 
Spajiiards do oftcftconote hither, tonjakeOyloftheir 
{at j/upon wh|dt account it, has been vifited by En- 



--■- .^ — w^ww. ^, 



^fglifh-m^ ftom Jamaica^ particularly by Qac^x.lj>ng : Ai.i67< 
^ whb having the command, of a Imall Bark, came 

^ hither pyrpdfely to make Seal-Oyl, and anchored pn 
the North fide of one of 4Jie landy Iflands , the 
'RioftconvenkBt Place, for his defign : •— JTHaving 
got i^ore his Cagk to put his Qyl in, and fet up a 

: Tent for lodging hhnfelf arid his Goods, he began 
to kill the Seal, aiKl. had not wrought above three or 

' four Days before a fierce North-wind blew lUs Bark 
fiifhc«te. By^gaod fortune flie was not damnified; but 
rhis cc*npany ;being butlmalil,,andfo delpairing of 
Jetting her afibat.aggin, they fell to contriving how 
to get away ^ a very difficult task to accon^plifh, 

• for it : was 24' or 25 Leagues to the neareft Place of 

• therMain, and ak)ve iqo Leggues to Trift^ which 
iwas the next jEnglifli fettl^nient. But contrary ;to 
!thdr expe6lation. , inftead .of that. Giptain 'tmg 
i)id thelij. follow ^ their Work of ^aLkilling and 
making Oyl 5 lafiitfiiig diem thatphewould undertake 
at his o*rn peril to carry diem fafe to Triji. This 
though it went much againft the grain, yet atlaft he 
)lafar prevailed by fair Wor^, that they were con- 

' i:®ted to go .on r with their SeaUglliag, till they had 
rrfiited all their .Ca$k. But'thek, greateft worK was 

yet to do, vizi how thqr Ihould get over to the Main, 
. and then Goaft down before the Wind to Trift. Thek 

Boat was not hig enough to tranlport them, fo they 
; concluded to cut down the Barks Malts ^and rip 

up her Deck to make a float for that purpofe. 
Hiis bqpBg agreed on the next Morning 
V betimes, pu^jfuant to thek Refolution, they vvere 

igpiflg to bredt lap their Veflel ^ but it happened that 
. v^ry Night, that: two 3Vif«»-£»^tf;7fl^ Ketches going 
1 down "to VTrijiv^ on due backfide of the RifF where 
' diey ftriick oa the Rocks, and Were bulged v And 

Optsdn I^;??^/and his^Crcw'fteing them inDiftrels^ 

prefendy took their Boat^ and went off to help them 

• unlade their Goods, and bring diem afliore j and 




An. 167$* ^ requital, they furniftied the Captain with fiich 
tackle and other NeceflTaries, as he wanted and, 
aiTifted him m tht launching his Veflel, and ladmg 
his Oyl, and fo they went merrily away for Triji 5 
This lucky accident was much talkM of amongft the 
Cs Crew -, and lb exafperated the New-England MtOy 
when they heard the whole ftory, that thw were 
thinking, if their Commanders would have luffered 
them, to have thrown him into the Sea to prevent 
his doing more mifchief For they were lure that he 
by his Art had caufed them to run aground. The 
whole of this Relation I had from Captain Long 
himfelf 

From the main to thefe Illaads, the Sea deepens 
gradually till you come to about 30 Fathom Wa- 
ter, and when you are 25 or 26 Leagues off Ihore to 
the Eaftwarc^ of them, if you fteer away Weft, 
keeping in that depA , you cannot mils them : 
The fame Rule is to be obferved to find any odier 
Ifland 5 as the Triangles^ the Ifles Des Arenas'^ &c, 
for the Bank runs all along the Ihose, on which are 
Soundings of equal depth^ and the Sea appears of 
ia muddy palifli Colour, but when paft the Bank on 
the North fide of it, it reftimes its natural gteenels, 
and is too deep for any Sounding till you are 
within 30 Leagues bf the North fide <if tlieBay 
of Mexico^ where by relation th^ is liich another 
Bank, (abounding with Oylters) running all along 
the Ihore : But to return to our Voyage. 

Having Ipent 2 or 3 days among the Alcranes 
Iflands we let lail again, and lleering in Soutfaarlv 
for the Main, having the Wind at E. N. E. we ^u 
in with it a little to Leeward oi^Cape Casoch^ 
plying uqfler the Ihore till we reached the Cape; fix«n 
thence we continued our Courfe Northerly , the 
Wind at E by S. The next Land we defigned for 
wa$ Cape Antonio^ which is the Wcftcimoft FQint 



ifaff€S through the ViOlOFado Abates. ^^^^^%f 

0^ the Ifland C»^ and diftant ftom Cape Qct^eh An. 1675, 

about 40 Leagues- 
Some when they fill out of the Bay, keep along; 

by the Land of Jucatan^ till they come as fiir as* 

the Ifland Cozumel^ and from thence ftretch over 
towards Cuba^ and if the Wind favours them any 
thing, they will get as high as Gape Corientes before 
they fall in with Cuba •, for in their Pafiage from 
thence they are not in fb rriuch danger of being hur- 
ried away to the North by the Current between the 
two Capes, or to the North of them, as we were. 
For taKng our Courfe Northward till the Lat. of 
22 d. 30 m. we tack^'d again •, and the Wind at E. 
fteered away S.S. E. 24 hours, and having taken an 

. Oblervation of the Sun, as we did the day before, 
found our felves in 23 d. being driven backwards is 
24 hours 30 Miles. We had then the Channel 
open between the two Capes, but to the North of 
either : Yet at laft we got over to the Cuba fliore, 
and felt in with the North of the Ifland, about 7 
or 8 Leagues from Cape Antonio. Now we both faw 
and ran thro' fome of tlie Colorado Sholes,but found 
a very good ChaniKl among a great many Rocks 
that appeared above W^ter. Being tlius got within 
the Sholes •, between them and Cuba we fouild a 
pretty wide clear Channel and good Anchoring •, and 
advancing further, within a League of the Cape, 
we Anchored and went aftioreto get Water, but 
found none. In the Evening when the Land-wind 
forung up, we weighed again, and doubling the 
Cape coaued along on tlie South fide of the Illand, 
taKing the Advantages both of Sea and Land-winds: 
For though we had now b^n about two Months 
from. Tr//?, and this the time of the Year for 
Norths, yet to our great trouble they had hitherto 
failed us, and befides^ as I faid before, our Ketch 
wasliich a Leewardly Veflel that we did not yetex- 
peQ: we could poffibly reach Jamaica meerly by turn- 

%5 



}0 lirana uajfimnes: xwof 

An. i6y$. ing,> though fometimes affifted by Sea and La^d^, 
Winds. In about a Week, after thiSj we got up. 
with, and coafted along, the Ifle of Piftes^ for 7 or 
8 Leagues, ariid then flood off to Sea^ and the^ 
third Morning fell in with the Weft end of grand 
Caymanes. 

This Ifland is about 40 Leagues South from ?ines^ 
and about 1 5 to the Weft of little Caymanes^ we 
anchored at the Weft end, about half a Mile from 
the fhore. We found no Water nor any Proyifion^ 
but faw many Crocodiles on the Bay, ibme of which 
would fcarce ftir out of the way for us. We kilFd 
none of them (which we might eafily have doQe) 
though Food beg^n to be fhort withus •, indeed had 
it beai in the Months dljune ox July we might pro- . 
bably have gotten Turtle, for they frequent this 
Ifland Ibme Years as much as they do litde Gy- 
manes. We ftayed here but 3 or 4 hours, and 
fleered back for P/Wx, intending there to hunt' for 
Beef or Hog, ofboth which there is in great plenty. 
The fecond day in the Morning we fell in with the 
Weft end of ¥ines^ aud running about 4 or 5 Miles 
Northward, we anchored in 4 Fathom Water dean 
Sand, about two Mile, from the.lhore, and right- 
agaiiift a finall Creek through the Mangroves imo 
a wide Lagune. 

The Ifle of Pines lyes on th6 South fide, towards 
the Weft end of Cuba^ andisdiftant from it 3 or 4 
Leagues. Gipe Corientes on Ciiha is five or fee 
Leagues to the Weftward of the Ifle of Pines. Be- 
tween Pines and Cuba are many finall woody Ifl?mds 
fcattered here and there, with Channels for Ships 
to pals between \ and by report there is good ancho- 
ring near any of them. Jamaica Soops do Ibme- 
times pals through between Cuba and Pines^ when 
they are bound to Wind-ward, becaule there die 
Sea is always finooth : Thejr are alio certain to 
meet good Land-winds •, beudes they can Anqhor 

when 



Sw^sof Cape Conentes. ji 

when they pleafe, and thereby take the benefit of^xn. 167$. 
the Tides, and when they are got paft the Eaft end' 
of Twes^ they may^ either ftand out to Sea ;^ain^ 
or if they atfe acquamted among the finall Iflands 
to the Eaft of it, (which aie called the South Keys 
of Qiba ) thev may range amohgft them- to the 
Eaftward, ftill taking the greater benefit of Land- 
winds and Anchoring •, Befides, if Provifion is fcarce 
they will meet- Jamaica Turtlers, or elfe may get 
Turtle themfelves, at which many of thena are ex- 
pert There is alio plenty of Fifli of many Ibrts, 
but if they are not provided with Hooks, Lines or 
Harpoons or any other Fifhing-Craft, nor meet with 
any Turtlers, Cuba will afibrd them Suftenance of 
Hog or Beef The great Inconvenience of going 
in the infide of Yines between it and Cuha^ proceeds 
ftom a Si)ani(h Garrilbn of about 40 Soldiers at 
Cape Coriemes^ who have a large Periago, well* 
fitted with Oars and Sails, and are ready to launch 
out, andfeize any finall VdSel, and feldom ftarethe 
lives as well as the Goods of thofe that fell into 
thek Hands, for fear of telling Tales. Such Vil- 
lames afe frequently praftifed, not only here, but 
alio in leveral other Places of the Weftlndies^ and 
that too with fiich as came to Trade vnih their 
Country-men. The Merchants and Gentry indeed 
ire no way guilty offiich A£tions, only the Soldiers 
and Rafcality of the People ^ and thefe do com- 
monly confift of Mulatoes or Ibme other lc)rt of 
Copper Colour Indians, who are accounted very 
Barbarous and Crael. 

The Ifle of Vines is about 1 1 or 12 Leagues long, 
and 3 or 4 broad. The Weft end of it is low 
Mangrovy Land •, and within which is a Lagune of 
about 3 or 4 Miles wide, running to the Eaftward,., 
but how far I know not, with a linall Creek of 2 or 
3vFoot Water, reaching to the Sea. The Lagune it ^ 
felf is fo fhallow, efpecially near the If land, that 

' you 



An. i^7<?y^^ cannot bring aCanoa within 20 or 30 Paces of 
the (hore. The South fide of the Ifland islow^ flat 
and rocky-, the Rocks are pei^ndicularly fteep 
towards the Sea, lb that there is no Anchoring on 
that fide ^ but at the Weft end very good in iandy 
CSround. The bodv- of the Ifland is hiph Land, 
with many little Hills incompaffing a hi^ Pike or 
Mountain ftanding in the middle. The Trees that 
;row here are of divers Ibrts, moft of them un- 
mown to meiv Red Mangroves grow in the low 
iwanipy Land againft the^ Sea, but on the firm hilly- 
part Pine-Trees are moft plentiftd, of thefe here are 
great Groves of a good height and bignels, ftreight 
and large enough to make Topmafts, or ftanding 
Mafts for finall Veflels-, at the Weft end there is a 
pretty big River of frefh Water, but no coming at 
it near the Sea for red Mangroves, which grow Co 
thick on both fides of it, that there is no getting, 
in among them. 

The Land-Animals are Bullocks, Hogs, EJear, C^r, 
here are finall Savannahs for the Bullocks and Deer 
to feed in, as well as Fruit in the Woods fot the 
Hogs : Here are alio a Ibrt of Racoons or Indian 
Conies, and in Ibme Places plenty of Land-Turtle, 
and Land-Crabs of* two Ibrts, white and black. 
Both of them make holes m the Ground like Conies^ 
where they (belter themfelves all day, and in the 
Night come out to feed^ they will eat Grafs, 
Herbs or fiich Fruit as they find under the Trees^The 
Manchaniel Fruit, which neither Bird nor Beafl: 
will tafte, is greedily devoured by them, without 
doing them any harm. Yet thele very Crabs that 
feed on Manchaneel are venomous, both to Man aud 
Beaft that feeds on them, though the others are very 
good Meat. The white Crabs are the larseft fort j 
fome of them are as big as a Mans two Fifts joyned 
together ; they are (haped like Sea-Crabs, naving 
one large Qaw, wherewith they will pmch veiy 

hard. 



^ 



Wd, neither will thejrletgo their hold, though ii.i6t^^ 
you biuife them in pieces, unlefs you break the 
Qaw too 5 but if they chance to catch vour 
Fingers, the way is to lav your Hand, Crab and' all, 
flat on the Ground, and he will iiiimediately loofe 
his hold and fcamper away* Thefe White dnes build 
in wet fwampy diity Ground near the Sea, ^o that 
the Tide waflies into their Holes •, but the black 
Grab is more cleanly, delighting to live in dry 
Places, and makes its Houfein landy Earth : Black 
Crabs are commonly fet and full of Eggs ^ they are 
alio accounted the better Meat, tho' both forts are 
very good. 

Here ar« alio a great many Alligators and Croco- 
diles, that haunt aboijt t;his tiland, and are faid to be 
flie moft daring in all the Weji Indies. I have heard 
of many of their Tricksj as that they have followed 
a C^ba, and put their Nofes in over the Gunnal, 
with tiieir Jaws wide open, as if ready to de- 
vour the Men in it : And that Men they have been 
^ore in the Night near the Sea, the Croco- 
diles Iwve boldly come in among them, and made 
them run froiii the^if Fire^ and, taken away their 
Meat from theno. Therefore when Privateers are 
hunting on this Ifland, they always keep Sentinels 
out to watch for thefe ravenous Creatures, as duly 
as they do in other Plates for fear of Enemies, 
ei|)ecially in the Night, . for fear of being devoured 
in thebrueep. . 

The Spajiiards of Cuhd ha;ve here fome Cr^uleSi 
i. e. Herds of Hogs, with a few Indians or Mula- 
toesto loofe after them : Here are alfo Hunters that 
gain a livelihood by killing wild Hog and BeeE 

This Hlahd is reported to be very wet. . 1 have 
Heard many fiy,that it rains here more oHeis every 
day in the i ear v but ttus I liippofe is a miftake, for 
there fell tto Ram about us, fo long as we ftayed 

Gc here, 



An. 1^7$. here, neither did I fee any appearance of it in otheff' 

c^r'NJ Places of the Ifland. 

We were no fboner at an Anchor, but five of 
tiswent afliore, leaving only the Cook and Cabbin- 
Boy aboard : We had but two bad fowling Pieces in 
the Ship 5 thofewe took with us, with adefign to 
kill Beef and Hog. We went into the L^gane, where 
we found Water enough for our Canoa, and in 
fome Places not -much to ipare t when we were got 
almoftover it, we fa w 8 or lo duUs andCpws feed- 
ing on the Ihore clofe by the S^._ This gave us 
great hopes of good liiccels. We 'therefore rowed 
away alide off the Cattle, atid landed on a landy 
Bay, abput.half a Mile from them -,. there we faw 
much footing of Men and Boys'j;t:he jimpreffions 
feemed to be about 8 of lo days c)r5;-'we^fuppoied 
them to be the track of Spanifh Hunters. This troubled 
us a little, but it being -n'ow their i^hriJB/rds^ vjc Con- 
cluded that they were gone over to Cuba to keep it 
there, fo we went after pur Game ^ 'the TBoatlwain 
and our Paflenger TT///. JT^^^^/fri* haying one ipun, and 
prefuming on their skill in fhooting^ -^ivere pemjitted 
to try their fortune with the Cattle that We 
iaw before we landed, while the Captain and my 
Jelf with our other Gun, ftruckup direftly into the 
Woods. The fifth Man whofe geniiis led hiim rather to 
filh than hunt,ftayed in the Canoa :. And^had he been 
furniflied with a Harpoon, he might have gotten more 
Fifli than we did Flefh, for^ the Cattle fitaelling our 
two Men before they cam^ .nigh thei^, raij away ^ 
after that our Men ram]i)lcd.up into thg'Countiy to- 
ieek for fbme other Game. '; . ' 

The Captain and I had tiot gone half a l^lile befoi^e 
. we came aniong a Drpve of " near 40 ^at iud finall' 
wild Hogs. * The Captain firing, wounded one of. 
them, but they all ran a way '3 and tho^ighwe foL 
lowed theBlocd 4 good way!, yet did riot dome up 
with him, norwith.any othet toget'^/fecond (hot 5 

however 



injnccqstnnmnng. jj 

liovSever bficaufe there was fuch great track of Hogs An^ 1^7 >• 
in tbfi Woodi;,' wfe kept beating about, being ftill in 
hopes to mettwith more Game before Night, but to 
no purpofe/oif we iaw not one more that day* In the 
Evening we returned to our Boat weary and vext at 
our iU foccefi. The Boatlwain and his Conlbrt 
were not yet returned, therefore we Itayed till 'twas 
dark^ and then went aboard without them: the next 
Morfting betimes we went afliore again, as well to 
try oux fortune at Hunting, as to recover our 2 Men, 
whicfc we thought Alight now be r^urned to the 
place where Aey* laiided •, but not feeing them, the 
Gaptiia and I :went again offt'to hunt, but came ' 
baqjiat Ni^t with no better fiiccels than before ^ 
neiji^.didiWQifteoneBerf or Hog^ though much 
track ,aili the day. . This day he that look'dto the 
Boait fcill'd a yo^g Sword-fiin with the Boat-hook % > 
there were a gieat many of t^hem^ as alfb Nurfes 
and XH^fift^ playing; in (hole Water ^ he had alia 
diftpvored a ftream of frefh Water, but fo inclofed 
with thick ted Mangroves, that 'twas impofftbleto 
fill ^py,. in cask •, 'wecpuldicairceget a little to drink. 
Our two Men that wsent out the day before, "were 
not yet returned.^ \ therefore, when 'twas dark we • 
v^ent aboard a^jji, being much perplex'd for fear of 
thej^ falling into the: Hands of the Spanilh Hunters i ^ 
if we had beenlcertain'of it, wc; would have iailed 
prefeptly^ for we could not expeft to redeem them 
ag<Lii?;'^ut might have: been taken our felves, either 
by thgrn or by th6 Cape-Soldiers ^before-mentioned- 
Indeedj thefej Thoii^ts about their danger and our 
own,., kept me waking all Night* Howevetdie i 
next Morning betimes ] we went alhore again, and 
before we got into theLagUne we heardla Gun fired, 
. by which we knew»thajt our Men weref.arrived^ To we 
fired aujQtiier in anlfceiri^and rowed away as fait as we 
could to, fetch theip, defigning.tolail as foon as we 
came aboard^ for by th$ Mattering South and S. W« 
; ... . ';. C c 2 Winds 



An. 167$. Winds together wkhtie cleamclsof tlKStjr>reliiJ>- 
pofed we fliould hsrve a North : The Lamd intercept^ 
our profpeO: near the Horizon m the N.W. therefore 
we did not fee the black Qotid these^ wl^h is a 
fure Prognoftick of a Nortih. ; when we came afhore 
we found our two Mem- . They kUPd a Hogttefirit 
day, but lofing their Way^ were forced to march 
likeTTygresall the next day to get to us, and th*ew 
away moft of their Kdeat to lighten thettielves, 
yet 'twas Night before they got to the fide of the 
Lagune-) and then bdng 3 or 4 Miles .(till firom us» 
they made a fire and roafled their Meat, and having 
fiird their Bellies •, lay down to fleep, yet hadftill 
a f mall Pittance left for ns. We prefentty retur^d 
aboard aftd fealted on the Remains of theRoaflmeat^ 
and being now pretty full, got up oar Andior and 
itood away to the South, coafting^ along W the 
Iflaftcf : And doubling the S. W- Point, we mered 
away Eaft S. E, we had the Wind, when we we^ed^ 
at Weft a moderate Gale, but veering about to ±e 
North got at N. W. By that time we got to the 
South Weft Pomt. of Yines^ and it now blew a 
fierce Gale, and held thus two davs, and then came * 
to the N. N. W- blowing hard ftill, and ftom thence 
to the North : then we edg*d away S. E for it blew 
hard, and we could not bring her nearer die Wind^ 
From the N, it came about to the N, N. E* then we 
knew that the heart of it was broke, however it 
bkw hard ftill:- Then it came about to the N. E 
and blew about 4 hours , and io by degrees dyed 
hl ?^y 3nd edg'd more Eafterly, till it came to tte 
^E.?%. N.: and there it ftood. We were in good hopes 
while the North continued, to have gotten to Ja- 
PKpcA before it eeafed, and were lorry to find our 
felves thus diiappointed •,Tor we conla not fee Ae 
liland^ though we judged we could not be £ir from 
it ^ at Noon we had a good obfervatio% and found 
©ur felvesin the Lat- of the Ifland.. - * 
We now had not one bit of any kind of food* 



aboatd J jtherefbre thig Captain defied to know ^»- 1<^75- 
our Otoimpns what to do, and which way we might ^-'''V * v 
Iboneft get to ipnje (hore^either to beat for Jamaica^ 
or to bear away before the Wind, for the South 
Keys. All A? S^men but my felf, were for going 
to the South Keys, alledging tliat our Ship being 
iuch a dull Sailer, would never get to Wind-ward 
withQDt the help of 3ea and Land-Breezes, which 
we cou)4 nw expeO: at fuch a djflance as we were, 
being out of the fight of any Land : and tliat it 
was probal^ that in three or four days time we 
might be among the ^uthlCfyj Jf we would put for it; 
andthere we would fipd Prdvifion enough,eitherFifh 
or Fle(h. 1 told them that the craft was in catching 
It, zxA it was as probable that we might get as 
litde Food in the South Keys ^ as we did at 
Vines^ where, though there was plenty of B^efs 
and Hogs , yet we could not tell how to get 
any : befides we might be fix or feven days in 
getting to the K^ysj all which time we mull 
of ne^ty fal% which if 'twere but two or tluee 
.4ays, would bring us io low, that we fhouldbe 
in a weak condition to hunt On the contrary, 
if they would agree to beat a day or two longer 
for the Ifland Jamaica^ we might in all probabi- 
lity fee, ^d come ^o near it, that we might lend in 
our Boat and get Provifion from thence, though 
we could not gpt in to Anchor : for by all like- 
lihood we were not lb far from the Uland but 
that we might have feen it, had it been clear 5 
and that the hanging of the Clouds leemed tq 
indicate to us that the Land was obfcured by 
tliem. Some of them did acquiefce with me in 
my Opinion ^ however, 'twas agreed to put away 
for the South Keys, and accordingly we veered 
out our Sheets, trimmed our Sails , and fleered; 
away N.N.W. I was fb much diffatisfied, that I 
turned into my' Cabbin, and told them we fhould 
he ail ftarved, C c 3 I 



An. 1 67$. I could not fleep, tho' I lay down ^ for I was 
very much troubled to think of Faffing 3 or 4 Days, 
or a Week ^ having fared very hard already. In- 
deed 'twas by meer accident that ouy Food lalted To 
long -, for we carried twcJ Barrels of Beef out with 
us to fell, but 'twas lb bad that none would buy 
it ^ which proved vfrell for us : for afier oux own 
Stock was Ipent, this fupplied us. We boyled every 
day two Pieces of it •, and becaufe ouf ffeale were 
all eaten, and our Flower almoflr foent. We cut our 
Beef in linali bits after 'twas boiled; ind" boiled it 
again in Water, thickned with a little Flower, and* 
fo eat it all together with Spoons. "' The Uttle 
Pieces of Beef were like Plums in our Sodg-podg. 
Indeed 'twas not fit to be eaten any othef .Wiy ^ for 
tho' it did not ffink, yet it was very unlltvc^y and 
black, without the leaft fign of Fat in it :' Bread 
and Flower being fcarcq witli us, we cotild hot 
make Dough-boysto eat with it "But to proceed. I 
had not layn in my Cabbin above three Glafles,- be- 
fore one on the Deck cryed out, ' La^d! Land! I 
was very glad at the News, and we all iitihlediately 
difcemed it very plain. The firft that we few ^ was 
High-land, which we knew to be BlewfieldsHill^ by 
a Bending or Saddle on the Top, with two finau 
Heads on each Side, It bore N. E. by E. and we 
.had the Wind at E^ therefore we prefently clap'don 
a Wind, and fleered in N. N. E. and* loon after we 
faw all the Coaft,being not above five or fix Leagues 
fiomit We kept jogging in, all the Afternoon, not 
ftrivirig to get in to any particular place •, but Where 
we could fetch, there we were relblved to Anchor : 
The next day being pretty near the' Ihore,* between 
B/ewJields'Pdint and Point Nigril ^ and having the 
Wind large enough to fetch the latter, we fleered 
away dkeftly tWther ^ and feeing a finall Veflel 
about two Leagues N. W. of us, making figns to 
f]^^ with us oy hoyfing and lowring her Topfeils^ 



we were afraid of her, and edged in nearer thc;^». 1^7^. 
(hore^ and about diree a Clock in the Afternoon, to 
our great joy, we anchored at Nigril/^ having been 
1 3 Weeks on our Paff^e. I think never any VefTel 
before nor fince, made liich Traverfes in coming out 
of the Bay^ as we did -, having firft blundred over 
ibQ AJcrarty 'Rijf^ and^.then vSited thofe Iflands^ 
fi:om.thencefeiLin.aaiong the CQhrada Shoals^, after- 
ward made a trip to Gr^^^ Cay^nes\ and laftly 
vifitedP/Wx, tjio* to no purpofe. In ail thefe Ram- 
bles we got as much . ^experience as if we had beeq 
Ipnt out oh a defign. 

As Jbon as we came to Anchor, we lent our Boat 
afliore to buy Provifions to regale our felves, after our 
long fiitigue and fafting, and were very bufie going 
to.drink a Bowl of Pwlch: when unexpeftedly Capt. 
Ratfolins^ Comnaihder of a Imall NewEnglandV^Q\ 
that we ^ left at Tr/jf? •, and pn^ Mr. John Hooker^ 
who had been in tn« B^ a twelve Month cutting 
Logwood, gnd w^ now commg iip tp Jamaica to 
fell it, came aboard, and were invited into the Cabbin 
to drink wjth us 5 the Bowl had not yet been touch'd, 
(I think there might be fix Quarts in it ) but Mr. 
Hooker being drunk to bv Captain Raw/im^ who 
pledg'd Capt Hud/well^ ana having the Bowl in his 
han^ faid. That Jie was under an Oath to drink but 
tiiree Draughts of ftrong Liquor a Day, and putting 
the. Bowl to his Head, turtfd it off at one Draught, 
and lb making himfelf drunk, dilappointed us of 
our Expe&ations, till we made another Bowl. The 
next day having a brisk N. W. Wind, which was a 
kind of a Chocolatta Norths we arrived at Fort-Royal^ 
^vA 16. ended this troublefom Voyage. 



Cc4 CHAP. 







CHAP. II. 

p)^ Authors fecond Viyage to thf Bay af Cam- 
peachy* His arrival attbelffecf Trift^ an4 
Jetting with the ho^ppood^Cuti&ts. A Defcrip- 
iion of the Coaft from Cafe Con^ecedo ta 
Trift. Salinas or Salt Ponds. Salt gathere4 
for the Spaniards by the Indians. Hina, a re- 
war kabk Hill. H^rfe-hooffifbu T^e Triangle 
Jflands. Campeachy toxm twice tak^. ItJi 
chief tradey Cotton. Champecon River ; and 
its Logppoody a rich Commodity. Port-Royal 
Harbour and Ijland. Pfickfy-Grafs. Sapa-: 
dilio Trees.. Trift Ifiand defiribed. Cocor 
Vlum^hnfhes. the Gr ape-tree • Its Animals y 
Lizards. Laguna Termina and its ftrong 
tides. Siunmafenta-j^W, and Ch^cque- 
bull town. Series hii Key. Qaftain Series 
his Adventute. the BaA 4ndWefiLagunes, 
mtb their Branches inhMted by hogwoo^Cut^ 
ters. Oaks growing there , and no where etfe 
within ifi&e Trcjpicks. the Original of the 
Logwood^Irad^. the Rainy Seajon, and great 
Floods occafioned by Norths, the dry Seafon^. 
Wild Vine-Plant, the Logwood-tree. Bhodr 
Wood J Stock fiJhWpod 4nd Gimwood. ADe^ 
fqription of fome Animals , SquafbeSj large 
long^tail'd Monkfes , Ant-bears , Sloths , Ar^ 
fpadiUos y tigre Catts, Snakes of three Jfirts^ 
t alliwafps, Huge Spiders , Great Ants and 

1 ^ ; their 



J^aelkBtrds, tmk Doves, QMamt, Qmr^ot, ' ^ 
CarrmCrmf, Suktkjaekt, BiO-Hirds, Cock- 
fecot, Duckf off ever» farts t Cwlevs^ Herds, 
Qraleatebers^ iBeUcasu, Gmm^nts, Fifinng^ 

Panicfiotat, Garr'BJb, Span^ MfckrU; TM 
JUjf ABigatorf , GfocoUks^ kot» ibejf ^et 
from Jil^^ars. Anamtp tfcafe ^ mmfiir 

wAi/rcp 41^ Alligatpr. 

IT was not Ippg afisg: our Axrivil at Fort-Rcyal^ 
hsSat^ we were pay'd oflF, anddifcharged. !wow 
Captain John/on of Netc-Ej^/and^ hebig bound 
a^in into tjie Bay oiOmpeachv^ I took tife op- 
portynityofgoingarafieng^ wimhinti, beU]g re« 
iblved to Q)end lotp^ tiicv; at the Ixgvix>od 5 

^ accoIdl^gly ptovid^ iiich Neceflaries as wer^ 
irequir^ about \x (viz) Hatchets, Axes, Macheats, 
(/. e. Long Knives) Saws, Wedges, &c. 9 Pavilliofli 
to deep UL a Gun with Fowder and ihot, &V. and 
leaving a L?tt^ of Attorney with Mr. jfleming^ a 
Merchant of PortRc^al^ as well to diQ)Qfe of any 
tiuog that I ihoidd iend up to hiiO) as to lemit to 
me what 1 ihould oider^ | took leave of my 
l^riends, an4 Imbarked. 

About the middle of Er*. IS^r^^* We failed fron^ 
Jdmica^ and wkh a fair Wind and Weather, ibon 
got as far as Cape, Catoch \ and theie met a pretty 
Urong North, which lafted v^o days. After that the 
Trade fettled agahi at E. N. E which f beedily car- 
lyed us to Trm Ifland, In a little time 1 feded m\r 
leliP in ^e Weft Creek of tb9 Weft Lagune with 
Ibnoe old Logyvood-Cutt^ to follow the Employ^ 
ment with ilieni. But I mall proceed no farther 
with the Itelation of m own Affairs,- till I have 



«Jk 



JVC*/ VJ ^^1ftilI^'W«f|iVI J jr • WiftAAftJU» A 4C»f (O/f • 

A».i6i^. givejf^a..delcription of the Country, ^dttsProduft^ 
' whh f6me particulars of the Logivi:^-Cutters j 
thek hunting for Beef^ , and making Hid^^, t5t,c, ' 

I hayb in ixiy forniet Voyage defcribed the Coaft 
from Csi^'^Catoch to Cape* Cendetido. Therefore I 
fhall now begin^ where I then left off, and following 
theiameMethod priS^edd togive-fotae Account of 
the Spa-Coaft of tte Bay .oJR <^«5p^^^»-, b^g com- 
petewly qualified fof it )jy many little ilxpirfions 
that. I made from Trj/2 4uring my abode in tbefe 

X ar ls* r ■ - 

The Bay of Campeachy is a deep bending of the 
Land, contained between Cape Condecedo on uie Eaft^ 
and a Point ftiooting forth from the High-Land of 
St. Martins> on the Weft* The dHtance • betwee;i 
thefe twoPlaqes is about 120 Leagues, in which are 
many Large and Navigable Rivers,Wide Lagunes,0V. 
Of all which I (hall treat iii their order, as allb of 
the Land on the Coaft •,- its Soil, ProduQ:, ^c. Toge- 
ther with fome Oblervations concerning the Trees, 
Plants, Vegetables , Animals and Natives of the 
Country, j . * ' ' - 

Frcxn Cape Conde4:edP to tWSa/f^atis 14 or 15 
Leagues 5 theCoaft runs in South : It is all a Sandy 
Bay betwEeti^ and the Land alio within.is drv and 
iaiiiy, produdiag only^lbmeioiibbed Trees^ Halfway 
between thefe I two rldbes* you may dig in the Sand 
aT)Ove High- Water-Mark , and find very good ftefli 
Water. - ' • 

The 5j/i^tf. is.afine Cn&U Harbour for Barks •, but 
there is tigv above d or 7 Foot Water •, and dole 
by the Sea, a little within the Land, there is a large 
Salt Pond, belonging to Campeachy-Tovin^ which 
yields abundance of Salt. At the time when the Salt 
Kerns, which is in JI^/ or ]^une^ thQ Indians of the 
Country are ordered by the Spaniards to give their 
attendance^to rake it aftiore and gather it into a great 
PyramidaLHeap, broad below arid ftiarp at the top, 

like 



like the Ridg of a Houfe ^ then covering it all over Jn. 1^75; 

with dry Grafs and Reeds, they let' fire .kp it ^ and ' 

this bums the.out-fide Ssilt to a hard black Cruft : 
The hard Cruft is afterwards a defence againft the 
Rain^ that are now fettled in, and prelervesthe 
Heap dry, even in the wetteft Sealbn. Th^ Indians 
whofe bunnels, I have told you, is to gatther th^i* 
Salt thus into Heaps, wait here by turns all th& 
Kerning Sealbn, not leis than 40 or 50 Families 
at a time-, yet here ate no Houfesfbr them to lie in, 
neither do they at all regard it •, for they are relieved 
bv a ftefh fiipply of Indians every Week v and they 
all iieep in the open Air, ibnie on the Ground,' hj$. 
moft in very poor Harbmacks faftned to Trees or 
Poits, ftuck into the Ground for that purpofe. Their 
Fare is no better than their Lodging;, for thejr have 
ho other Food, while they are here, but Tartilloes 
and Pofole. Tartilloes are finall Cakes made of the 
Flower of Indian Com ^ and Foible is allb Indian 
Corn boiled, of which they make their Drink. But 
of ^his niore hereafter, when I treat of the Natives 
and their Manner of Living. When the Kerning 
Sealbn is over, the J/rt//^OT march home to their 
iettled Habitations, taking no more care of the Salt 
But the Spaniards of Campeachy^ who are Owners of 
the Ponds, do frequently fend thek B^rks hither for 
vSalt, to load Ships that ly^inCampeachy Road^ 
and afterwards trairiport - it to all the Ports in the 
Bay oiMexicOy eQ>^^Uy to Aluarado ^xATempeck:^ 
two giieat Fifhing Towns ^ and I thi^ik that afl the 
Inland Towns thereabouts, are liipplied* with it •, for 
I know : of no other Salt Ponds on all the Coaft, 
befidcs this and thofe before-mentioned. This Salina 
Harbour was often Viifited by the Ear^//^ Logwood- 
Cutters, in their wdv from Jamaica to Tr//?. And if 
they found any Barfc here^ either light or laden, 
they inade bold to takeand fell both the Ships and 
the l^rf/tz^ ISiilers that bilon^ed to them. This they 
..: ^ . .. - would 



wmwd 



\n.i6Ti.^ would tell you was by wajr of reprizal, for Ibme 
* former injuries received of the Spaniards ^ thou^ 
indeed *twas but a pretence ; for me Govemours of 
Jamaica knew nothing of it^ neither durft the Spa^ 
niards compbin ^ for at that time they ufed to take 
all the Englifl) Ships tbey met with in thefe Parts, not 
iparingeven fiich as came laden with Sugar from Jar 
maica^zvA were bound for. England,, elpecially if they 
had Logwood aboard. This was done ppenly/or the 
Ships were carried into the Havanna^ there Ibid and 
the Men imprifoned without any Redrefi. 

From the Salinas to Campeachy Town, is about 20 
Leagues-, theCoaftrunsS. byW. The firft 4 Leagues 
of i^ along the Coaft, is drowned M$ngrove-Land^ 
yet about two Mile South of the Salina about 200 
Yards from the Sea,, there is ^ frelh Spring, which is 
vifited by all the W/^j that pafs this way either in 
Bark or Canoa ^ there being no Water befidc near 
it^ and there is a Imall duty path leads to it thro* the 
Mangroves^ after you are pan thele Mangroves, the 
Coaft rileth higher with many fandy Bays, where 
Boats may conveniently land, W no frelh Water till 
you come to a River near OmpeaQly Town. The 
Lapd further along die Coafl is partly Mangrovv, 
but moft of it dty Ground, and not very ftuitful j 
producinrfonly a fewfcrubed Bumes: And there is no 
Logwoodjgrowing on all this G)aft, even from Cap^ 
(^to^h to Cmpeachy TiOVfiu V/ 

About fix Leagues before you pDinCtp Campeachji^ 
there is a linail Hill called Hina^ where Pnvitedrs 
dp commonly Anchor and keep $«tinel$ on the Hill, 
to look out for Ships bound to the Town : There is 
plenty of goo^ Fire-woodj but no Water ^ and iti 
the iurf of the Sea, dote by the fbore. you find 
abundance of Shellififii, called by the Engliftj^ Hfirfe- 
hpofs^ becaufe the under part or belly of the Fift fe 
liat, and fomewhat re&nibling that Figure in Shape 
and Magnitude j but the back is rouiS like a Tur- 



des i the Shell is thin and brittle, like a Lobfters •, jn. i6ii. 
with many imallCkws: and by report they are 
fery good Meat 5 but I never mled any of them 
myieK 

Thereaiethieefinall low fimdylflandSjj about 2$ 
or 26 Leagues ftoih litna^ bearing North from it> and 
30 Leagues from Campeachy. Oii the South fidQ of 
thefe mands there is good Anchorage ^ but ne^er 
Woodfuor Water : And as for Animals, we law nonci, 
but only great numbers of large Rats and plenty of 
Boobies,andMen-otWar-Birds.Thefe Iflands are call'd 
Ae Triangles^ from the Figure they make m their 
Pofition. There are no other at any diftance ftom 
the (hore, but thefe and die Alcranies^ mentioned in 
the former Chapter^ m all this Coaft that I have feen* 

From iiina to Campeachy^ as I laid before, is 
about 6 Leagues. Camveachy is a fair Town, ftan^r^ 
on the fhore in a finallDendiiffi of the Land \ ^nd is 
^e only Town on all this Coaft, even from Capcf 
Catoch to TuaVera 0»2:,that ftands. open to theSeaJt 
makes a fine ihew, being built all with good Stone< 
The Houfes arc not hig^ but rile Walls very ftrong^ 
the Roofs flatiih, afSr ik^SpaniJh Fafhion, aoi 
covered with Pantile* There is a ftf ong Citadd ot 
Foft at one 6nd, planted with many Guns j whetoj 
the Govemour tefides with a finall Garrilbn to de- 
fend it Though this Port Commands the Town and 
Harbour, yet it hath been twice taken. Eirft bj^. 
Sr Chrifiopher Mims -, who about the Year 16^94 
having fumttioned the Govemour, and afterwarito 
flayed 3 days for an Anlwer before he Landed his 
Men, yet then took it by Storm, and that ody with 
finall Arms. I have been told that when he was 
advifed by the Jamaica Privateers, to take it by Stta- 
tagem in die Night : he replied, that he fcomed ta 
. fl^l a ViOroiy •, therefore when he went againflt it, 
he gave them warning of his Api«:oach, by his 

£hiims 



A0 MMU99V¥A''%^§Wt99Wm 

in. 167 <. Dnims and Trumpets ^ yet. he took the Fort at the 
firft orifet.and inamediately became Maflerof the 
?Iace. 

It was taken a iecbnd time by Euglijh and Fre/icb 
Privateers, aboytthe Ye^ 1678. by lurprize. 
They Landed in the Night about 2 Leagues from the 
iToWn, and marching into the Country^ lighted on a 
Path that brought them thither. The next Morning 
near Sun-riling, they entred the Town, when many 
of the Inhabitants were now ftining in their Houle^jji 
who hearing a noife in the Street, looked out to know, 
the occafion^ and feeing Armed Men mardbing toe 
wards the Fort, luppofed them to be fomc Soldiers ;qf 
their own Garrifbn, that were returned out of the' 
Country ^ for about a Fortmght or 3 Weeks before; 
they had Tent out a Party to liipprefi fome Indians^ 
then in Rebellion V a thing very Common in thi$ 
Country. Under favour of this Suppofition, the . 
Privateers marched through the Streets, even to the 
Fart,'.without the leaft Oppofition. N^, the Townf- 
PeoplQ'bad them, pood Morrow -^ andGoi^atulated. 
their faf^ return •, ' not dijfcovering them to be Ene-^ 
mies, till they fired at xhs Sentinels on the Fort-waU^ 
and: prefently after began a furious Attack 5 and 
turning two finall Guns, which they found in the 
Parade againft the Gate? of theFort, they^ foon made., 
themfelves Mafters of it.. The Town is not very 
rich, thjougL as I faid before, the only Sea-Fort on, 
aH this'Coafi. The cliiefeft Manufefhire of the^ 
Coiiritry ' is Cotton-Cloath •, this ferves for cloathing 
the Indian s^ and even the poorer fort of Spaniards 
wear nothing elfe. It is ufed alfo for making Sails 
for Ships, and remitted to other parts for the lame 
purpofe, . 

'Befides Cotton-Cloath, and Salt fetch'd from the 
Salinas^ i know of .ho other vendible Commodity 
exported ience. Indeed formerly this place was the 
Scale of the whole l^ogwdod-Trade -, which is there- 
fore 



fbre.ftill called Talo (i.^.Wood) de Campeachy :^ xho^ j^^ ,5^. , 
it did not grow nearer than .at 12 or ' 14 'Leagues Ui^^vnj 
difta^ceftonji "the Town, ; 

The place wh^e tHe Spajijards did then cut itjWas 
at a River, called ChmpeioTi^zlbaut 10 or 12 Leagues 
to Leeward of Campeacty Town ^ the Coaft fronj 
thence South; the Land pretty high and rocky. , The 
iNative hdiamthzi lived hereabolits/' were hired'to 
cut it foi^ a Ryal a Day, it then being worth ' po^ 
ioobriio/. p'erTun^ \ ' * * ; • • ', 

After the Enj^ljfh had tai^it ^^4^^^^^^ and liqgan 
to Cwife'in this Bay, " they found iiiany Bark^ laden 
' tWth it 5 but not knowing it$ :v^ahiie then, they either 
ietiiem adrift .oi: burned tHemf, laving only the. 
Naife and Irbii-wbrk j a thing' now- lyRial among the 
Privateers ^.taking' lip;noiice at' all of the Cargo ^ 
iSilCdi'p.James'^^ a greaVShip laden with 

ivana brought her 't^oine to En^and^ to fit her for 
a t^vateetj JDcyoM'-fos Expe6brion, Ibid liis yV<^bd| 
at a .great rate -j^tjio' before he valued ix^o^ little that 
he buirnied'of it all:'WsPaflage home. T After liis re.. 



met ho Prize at| S^aJ they would go to QhmpHori 
Riycr, where tl\ey vfrere certain i:b fiijd large ftles \ 
cut to theit^Hand^and brought to iiieSfea-fide "ready* 
tQ be^ ffiip'd o£^ This- was their Cfoiinion Pr^te^ * 
till at lall the Spaniards ihm, Softlers ! thither to Sref-'^ 
vcrit^^their Depl^d^onsi "/^"' *• ''. ; - ' / /. 
'• But% thi^ titti4 ±t'M^i/i/h 'kriei^v^ ^6 Ttt^^ikl 
^wlrig ^ aHi uwdef feeding tK^r valut^ . bfegatf ,'to' . 
ruminage other' Cba^ of tie '^ain , m fearch b^^^ 
itj' ti|l, according to their defee* thcy%utid lafge' 
CSoves'of it. firft it^Cape Caroch\ (^hich; ^s Ttta^' 
faadtdFofe, was the firlt' Place W^h'fete^hcy fetlefl to 
Logwood-Cutting) and loaded - iiiany. Vraels ftbrn 




48 FOrC'ROyai aarm^ur ana Mj9ima. 

4mi6'j$. Bay of Campeachy •, where they followed the fimtf 
Trade, and have ever finee continued it, even to the, 
time of my bemg here ; But to proceed^ 

From the River Champeton to Pori-Royal^ is about 
i8 Leagues •, the Coaft S, S. W. or S, W, by & 
Low-land with a fandy Bay, againfl: the Sea, " and 
Ibme Trees by the fliore, with final! Savanahs^ mixt 
with finall flirubby Woods within Land all th« 
way. There is only one River between Champeton and 
IPort-Rcyal^ called Fort EJcondedo. 

Tort'Roydl is a broad Entrance into a Salt JLfgune^ 
of p or lo Leagues long, and 3 or 4 wide with 
2 Mouths, one at each. end. 'this Mouth of JW/- 
Royai hath a Barr, whereon there is 5) or 10 Foot 
Water. Within the Bar it is deep enough, and 
there is good Anchoring on either fide. The entrance 
is about a Mile over^^ and two Miles in length 5 
it hath fair fandy Bays on each fide, yvilk finooth 
Landing; 

Ships commonly Anchor on the Weathisr or Eaft 
fide next Champeton^ both for the convemence 61 
ibme Wells there dug on the ]!ays by the Priva- 
teers afld Logwood-Cutters, as alio to. ride more out 
of die Tide, which here runs very ftrong., THs 
Place is remarkable enough, becaule fiom hence the 
Land trends away Weft^ and' runs ib for about 6$. 
or 70 jL^^^^x farther* 

> On the Weft fide of this Harbour Is a low Ifl^wdy 
called by Us Fort-Rc^dljland \ which makes one 
fide of uie Mouth, as the Main does the oth^ ; It 
Is about 2 Miles wide and 3 Let^s long, tunning; 
,Eaft and Weft. The Eaft end of this /;7.z;z^ is fandy 
and pretty clear of Woods, with fbme Grals, beafr 
ing a fmall prickly Bur, no bigger tihian a Grey Pea, 
which renders it very troublefom to thofe that walk 
^e-fbot, asthc Bay-Men often doi There are Ibme 
Buflies of Buxton-wood : And a little finther to. the 
Weft grow large Sapadillo-Trees , whole Fruit is 

long 



xrilt ijtam. 49 

long and very plealant. The reft of the Ifland is ^m 1^7^ 
more woody, elpeciallv the North fide, which, is full 
of white Mangrove dole to the (hore. 

On the VVett fide of this Ifland, is another final! 
low Ifland, called Tr//?, leparated from the former 
fcy a fmall SaJt Cieek, fcarce broad enough for a 
Canoa to padle through. 

The ljfa/7c/ Iriji is in fomc Places three' Mile 
wide, and about 4 Leagues in Length ^ running E. 
and W. The Eaft end is iwampy and lull of white 
Mangroves •, and the South fide much the fame : 
The V Veft part is dry and iandy^ bearing a fort of 
loi^ Grals, growing in Tufts very thin. This is a 
ibrt of Savannah, with fcrne large Fd/meto-Trees 

rowing in it. The North fide ot the Weft end is 

ill oiCocoflum-Bufhes^ and lomQ Grapes. 

The CocO'FfHni'Buft) is about 8 or p Foot high^ 
Ipreading out into many Branches. Its Rind black 
and ImootiL y ' the Leaves oval and pretty largp and 
of a dark Green. The Fruit is about the oignefe 
of a Horle-Plum, but lound •, fome are black, Ibnie 
white, others' redifh : The Skin of the Plum is very 
thin and Imopth ^ the infide white, foft and woolly, 
rather fit to fiick than bite, inclofing in the tniddle a 
large loft Stone. This Fruit grows commody in the 
Sand near the Sea •,• and I have tafted Ibrae that 
have been filtifli ^ but they are comnionlv fweet and 
plealant enough, and accounted very whollbm. 

The Body of the Grape-Tree is about two or three 
Foot in Circumference, growing 7 or 8 Foot high, 
then lends forth many Branches, whole Twigs are 
thick and grols •, the Leaves are Ihaped much like an 
Ivy Leal^ but broader and more hard ^ the Fruit is 
as big as an ordinary Grape growing in Bunches or 
Qulfers among the Twi^ all over the Tree •, it is 
black when ripe, and the infide redifti, with a large 
hard Stone in the middle. This Fruit is very pleafent 
ffld whollbm^ but of litde lubftance, the Stones 

D d .being 



iin. 1 67<5. being fo large: The Body and Limbs of the Tree 
are good FeweL makhig a clear ftrong fire, there- 
fore often ufed oy the Privateers to harden the Steels 
of their Guns when faulty. 

The Animals of this Iflandzxt^ Lizards^ Guanoes^ 
S/iakes and Dear : Befide the Common finall Uzard^ 
there is another Ibrt of a large kind, called a Lyon- 
Lizard : This Creature is fhapedmuch like the other, 
but almoft as big as a Man's Arm, and it has a large 
Comb on its head ^ when it is aflaulted it fets its 
Comb up an end 5 but otherways it lyes down flat : 
Here are two or three ibrts of Snakes-, fome very 
large, as I have been told. 

At the Weft end of the IJland clofe by the Sea, 
you may dig in the Sand 5 or 6 Foot deep, and find 
good frelh Water: There are commonly^ Wells 
ready made by Seamen , to water their Ships ^ but 
they ibon fill up if not cleared ; and if jrou dig 
too deep , your Water will be fait. This IJland 
was feloom clear of Inhabitants when the Englljh 
vifited the Bay for Logwood •, for the biggeft Ships 
did always ride herein dor 7 Fathom Water clbfe. 
by the Shore ^ but finaller Veflels ]fan up 3 Leagues, 
farther to One-Bujh-Key^ of which in my former 
Chapter. 

The fecond Mouth or Entrance into this Laguhe is 
between Triji and Beeflfland^ and is about 3 Mile 
wide. It IS fhoal without, and only two dhannels 
to come in : The deepeft Channel on a Spring Tide, 
has 1 2 Foot Water. It lyes near the middle of the 
Mouthy hard Sand on the Barr 5 the Weft Channel 
is about 10 Foot Water •, and lies pretty near Beef- 
IJland : You run in with ihcSea-Breez^ and found uL 
tiieway-, t^ing your Sounding from Beef IJland 
fhore. The bottom is foft Oaz, and it flioots gra- 
dually. Being Ihot in within Beef IJland Point, you 
will have three fathom 5 then you may ftand over 
towards TriJl^ till you come near the Shore^ and 

there 



there Anchor as you pleafe •, There is good Anchor- An. le-je. 
ing any where within the Bar between Triji and 
Beef-ljk^djtm theTide is muchftronger than at Port- 
RoyaL This is the other Mouth or opening to the 
Salt Lagune before-mentioned. This Lagune is call'd 
by the Spaniards^ haguna Termina^ or the Lagune of 
Tides, becaufe they run very ftrong here. Small 
Veflfels, as Barks, reriagoes or Canoas may fail thro' 
this Lagune, ftom one Mouth to the other, or into 
fuch Creel^s, Rivas or jRnaller Lagunes, as empty - 
themfelvesinto this, of which here are many : The 
firft of Note on the Eaft part of this Lagune, as 
you. coHK in at Fart-Royal^ is the River Summa- 
fenta. 

TWs River, though but finall, vet it is big enough 
for Fereagoes to enter* It dilemoogues on the South 
fide near the middle of the hagune. There was 
fomjerly an Indian Village named Summafenta^ near 
the Mouth of the RivCT ^ and another large Indian 
Town, called Cbucquebul^ 7 or 8 Leagues up in the 
Country, This latter was once taken by the Pri- 
vateeis-, by whom I have been informed, that 
there were about 2000 Families of Indians 
^ in it, and two or three Churches, and as many Spa- 
nifli Friers^ though no white Men befide. The Land 
• nea? this River yields plenty of Logwood. 

,From Summajenta River to OneSufh-Key is 4 or 
5 Leagues, the Ihore rhnning Weft. I have defcribed 
One-BuJh'Keyy and the Creek againft it , which 
^ I feid, is very narrow, and not above a Mile long 
before it opens into another wide Lake, lying neareft 
N. and S. called the Eaft Lagune. It is about af 
League and half wide, and 3 Leagues long, encom- 
palfed with Mangrove-Trees* At the S. E. cor- 
y,^ ner of it there is another Creek about a Mile wide 
^' at the Mouth," running 6 or 7 Mile into the Country y 
€>n both fides of it grows plenty of Logwood, there- 
fcre it waS' inhabited by Englilhmen who lived in- 

D.d 2 . finalt 



An. \6i6. imall Companies, from three to ten in a Company •, 
' ' — ' and fettled themfelves at their beft Convenience tor 
Cutting. At the Head ojf the Creek they made a 
path, leading into a large SavanahfuU of black Cat- 
tle, Horfes and Deer ^ which was^often vifited by 
them upon occafion. 

At the North end^ and about the middle of the 
Eaft Lagune, there is another Imall Creeklike that 
which comes out againft One-bufh-Key^ but lefs and 
fhallower, which difchargeth it lelf into Laguna 
Termina^ againft a final! landyKey, called by the 
Englifh Series'^ Key^ from one Capt^ Serks^ who 
firft carried his. Vefiel here,and was afterwards Wiled 
in the Weftern Lagune, by one of his company as 
they were cutting Logwooa together. This Captam 
Series was one of Sir Hemy Morgans Commanders, 
at the Sacking of Manama ^ who being lent out to 
cruile in a finall Veflel in the South Seas, happened 
to fuiprize at Taboca^ the Boatlwain and moft of the 
Crew belonging to i3bit Trinity^ a ^>anilh Ship^ 
on Board which were the Friers and Nuns^j 
with all the old Gentlemen and Matrons of- die. 
Town, to the number of 1 500 Souls, befides an im- 
menie Trealiire in Silver and Gold^ as I was infor- 
med by Captain Teraka^ who then Commanded her, 
as he did afterwards, when Ihe was taken by Captain 
Sharp ^ all which he might have taken in the Ship^ 
had he purliied her. 

On the Weft fide of the Eafl Lagune^ there is a 
fmall Skirt of Mangroves, that ieparates it fiom 
another running Parallel with it, called^ th« Eaft La- 
gune^ which is about the bignels of the former. 

Towards the North end of this Laguue runs a. 
imall Creek, coming out of the Eafi Lagune^ deep 
enough for finall Barks to pals through. 

At the Souih end of this Lagune^ there is a Creek 
about a Mile wide at its Mouthy and half a ^4ile^ 
i£om thence it divides into two Branches ^ one called 



) 



the Eife of the Logmad-Trade. ^ i 

the Eaft the otAer the Weft Branch -, both deep'^»-j^£7^. 
enough for final! Barks 7 or 8 Mile up. The Water ' 
is frefti 10 McKiths •, but in the midft of the dry 
Sea/on^ *tis brackifh. Four Mile from the Mouth^the 
;Land on both fides thefe two Branches is wet and 
iwampjr, affording only Mangroves by the Creeks 
fides :. only at the Heads of thena, there are many 
large Oate, befides which I did never fee any grow- 
ing within the Tropicks : but 20 Paces within that 
grows plenty of Logwood , therefore the Cutters 
fettled themfelves here aWb. 

On the Weft fide of the Weft Branch lyes a large 
Paliure for Cattle about :? Miles ftom the Creek •, to 
which the Logwood-Cuttprs had made paths from 
their Huts to hunt Cattle, which are always there in 
great numbers •, and commonly fetter than thofe in 
the Neighbouring Savannahs and therefore was 
called the fat Savannah ^ and this Weft Creek was 
always nxoft iiAabited by Logwood-Cutters, 

The Logwood-Trade was grown very common 
before I came hither, here bemg, as I faid before, 
about 260 or 270 Men living in all the Lagune and 
at Beef-lftand^ of which Iflei (hall Ipeak hereafter : 
This Trade had its Rife from the decay of Friva- 
teering •, for after Jamaica was well fettled by the 
Englijh^ and a Peace eftabliflied with Spain^ the 
Private ers who had hitherto lived upon plundering 
the Spaniards^ were put to their fliifts •, for they had 
prodigally ipent whatever they got , * and now 
wanting fubfiftence, .were forced either to go 
to Fetit Guavas , where the Privateer-Trade ftill 
continued, or into the Bay for Logwood. '> . 
The more IilduflTious fort of them canie hither, 
yet even thefe, though they could work well 
eflough if they pleafed ^yet thought it a dry bufinefs 
to toil at Cutting Wood. They were good Marks- 
Meet, and fo took more delight in Hunting •, but 
neither cS thofe Employments affeCted them fo 

tf 3 much 



j^ Logmod Cutting 

M.1676. tnuchas Privateering-, therefore they often made 
Sallies out in finall Parties among the neareft Indian 
Towns •, where they plundred, and brought away the 
hdian Women to ferve them at their Huts, and fent 
their Husbands ito be fold at Jamaica y belides they 
had not their oldDrinking-bouts forgot,and would ftill 
Ipend 30 or 40 /. at a fitting aboard the Ships 
that came hither from Jamaica ^ caroufing and firing 
oflF Guns 3 or 4 days together. And tho' afi:erwards 
piany fober Men came into the Bay to cut Wood, yet 
by degrees the old Standers fo debauched them that 
they could never fettle ^ themfelves under anv Civil 
Government, but continued in their Wickedneis 
till the Spaniards^ encouraged by their careleft Rio- 
ting, fell upon them, and took moft of them fingly 
at their own Huts \ and carried them away Prifoners 
to Campeachy or La Ver a Cruz ^ from whence they 
were fent to Mexico^ and fold to feveral Tradefinen 
in that City 5 and from thence , after two or three 
Years, when they could Q)eak Spanijh^ many of 
them made their Efcapes, and marched in by-raths 
bdck to La Vera Cruz ^ and by the f /^/^ copveyed 
to Spairiy and fo to England. I have fpoke with 
many of themfince, who told me that none of them 
were fent to the Silver Mines to Work, but 
kept in or near the City , and never fiifl^ed 
to go with their Caravans to Nexx) Mexico or that 
way. I relate this, becaufe it is generally fuggefted 
that the Spaniards commonly fend their -Prilbners 
thitlier, and ufe them very barbaroiifly, but I 
could nev^r learn that any European has been thus 
ferved •, whether for fear of difcovering their Weakt 
nefs, or for any other Reafon, I know not. . But to 
proceed. It is mofl certafai that the Logwood-Cutters^ #. 
that were in the Bay when I was there , were all \ 
iputed or taken •, a thing 1 ever feared, and that 
ysras the re*(bn that moved me at laft to con^ away, 

/. . ; . although • 



(r 



Wet SeafonK jy 

although a Place where a Man might have gotten ^n^vs^^. 
auEftate. 

Havmg thus given an Account of tlie firft 
fettling of this Place by my Cbuntry-men, I fhall 
next lay fomething concerning the Seaibns of the 
Year, Ibme particulars of the Country, its Animals, 
of the Logwood-Trade, and their manner of Hun- 
ting, and feveral remarkable Pallages that happened 
during my ftay there. 

This part or the Bay oiCampeacly lyes in about 1 8d 
of North Lat. The Sea-Breezes here in fair weather,arc 
atN. N. EorN. The Land-winds are atS. S. E. andS. 
but in bad Weati^er at £• S. E. a hard gale for two 
or three days together. The dry Seafon begins in 
September^ and holds till April or May t, then comes 
in the wet'Seafon, whicji begins with Tornadoes ^ 
firft one in a day, and by degrees iqcreafing till Juney 
and then you have fet Rjains till the latter end of 
Auguft. Tnis Iwells the Rivers lb that they over-flow, 
and 9ie Savannahs begin to be covered with Water -^ 
and although there may be Ibme Intermiffions of 
dry Weather, yet there are ftill plentiful Ihowers of 
Rain •, io that as the water does not in- 
creale -, neither does it decreafe ^ but contmues thus 
tiU the North Winds are let in ftrong ^ and then all 
the Savannahs, for many Miles, feems to be but part 
of the Sea. The Norths do commonly let in about 
the beginning of OSober^ and continue by intervals 
till March. But of thefe I Ihall Ipeak more in my 
Chapter of Winds. Thefe Winds blowing right in 
on the Land^drive in the Sea, and keep the Tides from 
their .conftant Courfe as long as they laft, which is 
Ibmetimes two or three Days-, by this means the Frelh- 
es are pent up, and overflow much more than before, 
tho' there be lels Rain. They blow moft fiercely inDe- 
cember 2ndi January :^ but afterwards they decreafe 
in ftrength •, an^ are neither lb frequent nor lafting : 
and then theFrelhes begui to drain from off the low 

t> 4 Ground ^ 



jbi. 1 57<5. Ground. By the middle o^ feb. the Land is all 
dry -5 and in the next Month perhaps you will Icarce 
get Water to drink; even in thofe Savannahs that but 6 
Weeks before were like a Sea* By the beginning of 
Afri/^ the Ponds alio in tjie Savannahs are all dryed 
up, and one that knows not how to get Water othir- 
ways may perifli for thirlt •, but thole that are ac- 
quainted here, in their Neceffity make to the Woods, 
and reftefli themielves with Water that they find 
in wild Pmes, 

The wild Fi^e is a plant, ib called, becaiufe it . 
fomewhat refembles the Bufh that bears the Pine : 
they are commonly fupported, or grow from fome 
Bunch, Knot or Exqrefcence of the- Tree, wtere they 
take root, and grow upright. The root is fhort and 
thick, from whence the Leaves rife up in folds on© 
within another, fpreading OJtF at the top : They are of 
a good thick Subftance, and about lo or 12 Inches 
long. ' The out fide Leaves are lb compaft as to con- 
tain the Raln-wat^r as it falls. Tim will hold a 
Pint and a half or a Quart j and this Water refrefties 
the Leaves and nourifhes the Root When we find 
thefe Pims^ we ftick our Knives into the Leaves juft 
jabove the Root, and that lets out the Water, which 
^e catch in our H^ts, as I have done many .times to 
my great relief, 

The Land near the Sea'or the Lagunes is Mangrovy, 
and always wet, but at a litde diftance ftom it, it 
is fait and firm, and never *over-llowed, but in tfie 
wet Sealbn. The Soil is a ftrong yellowilh Qay -, 
But yet the upper Coat or lurface is a black mould', 
tho^not deep. Here grow divers Ibrts of Trees of no 
great btdk nor height* Among thefe the Logwood- 
Trees thrive bdft, and are very plentiful ^ this being 
the moft proper Soil for them : for they do not thrive 
in dry Ground ^ neither (hall you fee any growing in 
jich black mould. They- are much like our white 
Thorns ixiE?Jglandy butgenerally a great deal bigger : 
: ' the 



JjOgawd Trees, y7 

the Rind of the yornig growing Branches is white An. 1676. 

and Imooth ^ with fbmepprickks fliooting forth here 

and there : So that an Engtifb-man not Knowing the 

diflference would take them for White-Thorns ^ but 

the Body and the old Branches are blackifh^ the Rind 

rougher •, with few or no prickles. . The Leaves are 

fmall and fliaped like Ae Common White-Thorn. 

Leat^ of a palifli Green. We always chufe to cut 

the old black-rinded 'frees ^ for thefe have lels iap, 

and require but little pains to chip or cut it. 

The lap is white, and the heart red : The heart is 

ufed much for dying ^ therefore we chip off all the 

white lap, till we come to the heart 5 and then it h 

fit to be tranlported to Europe. After it has been 

chip'd a lirtle while, it turns black ^ and if it lyes 

in the Water it dy^ it like Ink ^ and fometimes 

it has teen uled to write with. Some Trees are 5 or 

6 Foot in Circumference : and thefe we can fcarce 

cut into Logs fmall enough for a Man's Burthen, 

without great Labour v and therefore are forced ta 

blow them^up, It is a yenr ponderous fort of wood, 

and Burns very well, maKing a clear ftrong fire, 

and very lading. We always harden the Steels of 

our Fire- Arms, when they are &ulty, in a Logwood- 

jire if we can get it, but otherways, as I faid before, 

with Burton-wood or the Grape-tree. The true Log- 

voood^ I think, grows only in thisCountry of J//r^/^;7j 

and even there but only in fome Places near the Sea. 

The chiefeft places for it are either here or at 

Cape Catoch^ and on the South fide pi Jucatan in 

jhe Bay of Honduras, There are o&er forts of 

Wood much like it in colour, and ufed for dying 

alfo : Some moire efteemed, others of lefler value. 

Of thefe Ibrts Bloodwood aud 5tock-fiih-wood 

are of the natural growth of America. 

The Gulph of 'Nicaragua , which opens againft 
the Ifle 01 Frovidence^ is the only rlace that I 
Jinow in the North Sea% that produces the Blood- 



5$ Bhod'woodahd Stoc^fijh-vmd: 

'An.\6i6. wood: And the Land on th« other fide of the Coun- 
try againft it in the Sofitfa Seas, produceth ihe fame 
Ibrts. 

This Wood is of a brighter red than the Log- 
wood. It was fold for 30 Lper Tun, when Log- 
wqpd was but at 14 or 15 ^ and at the fame time 
Stock-Fifll-Wood went at 7 or 8. Thislaft fort grows 
in the Country near K/<? la Hacha^ to the Eafl: of St. 
Martha^ by the fides of Rivers in the Low-Land 
It is a fmaller fort of Wood than the former. I 
have feen a Tree much like the Logwood, in the 
^iver of Conception in the Sambaloes ^ and I know 
It will dye ; but whether it be either of tiiefe two 
forts, I know not ; Befides hae and in the places 
before-mentioned •, I have HOt met with aqy fiidi 
Wood in America. 

At Cherburg near Sierra-Leone in Africa^ there is 
Camwood 5 which is much like Blood-wood if not 
the /fame. And at Tunqueen^ in the Eafi Indies^ 
there is alfb fiich another fort : I have not heard of 
any more in any part of the World. But to proceed. 

The Land as you go farther frotn the Sea rileth flill 
fbmewhat higher •, and becomes of a more plan- 
table M«uld : There the Trees are generally of^anor 
ther fort 5 growing higher ajnd taller than the Log- 
wood-trees, or any near them: Beyond this, youfml 
enter into large Savanndis of long Grafs, two or 
three Miles wide 5 in fbme Places much more. 

The Mould of the Savannahs is generally black 
and deep ^ producing a courfe fort of fedgy Grafs^,: 
In the latter e»d of the dry time, we fet tee to it, 
which runs like Wild-fife, and keeps burning as long 
as there is any Fewel ^ jinlels fbme good mower of 
Rain puts it out : Then prefently iprings up a new 
green Crop, which thrives beyond all oelief The 
Savannahs are bounded on each fide with Ridges of 
higher Land, of a light-brown Colour 3 deep and 
very fruitful : producing extraordinary great high 

Trees; 



Squsfhes. Large Monk/es* 5P 

Trees, The Land for lo or 20 Miles from the Sea, An. 1676. 
is generally compos'd of many Ridges of delicate - - - ' 
Wood-land, and large Furrows of plealant gra% 
Savannahs, alternately ujtennixtd with each other. 

The Animals of this Country are, Horfes, Bullocks, 
Deer, Warree, Pecary, Squaflies, Poflums, Mon- 
kies, Ant-Bears, Sloths, ArmacHUoes , PcH:cupmes;, 
Land-turtle, Guanoes, and Lizards of all kind& 

The Squalh is a four-footed Beaft, bigg^ tiian a 
Cat : It's Head is much like a Foxes 3 with fliort 
Ears and a long Nole. It has pretty ihort Legs, and 
iharp Claws ^ by which it will run up Trees like a 
Cat The Skin is coverd with fliort fine yellowifli 
Hair. The flefli of it is good,fweet, wholelbm Meat. 
We commonly skin and roaft it y and then we call 
it Pig*, and I think it eats as well. It feeds on nothing 
but good Fruit •, therefore we find them moft among 
tlie Sapadillo-Trecs •, This Creature never ram- 
bles very fifr : and being taken young , will 
become as tame as a Dog ^ and be as roguifli a^ a 
Monkey. 

The Monkies that are in thefe Parts are the ugUeft 
I ever law. They are much biggpr than a Hare, and 
have great Tails about two foot and half long. The 
under-lide of their Tails is all bare;, with a black 
hard skin ^ but the upper fide, and all the Body is 
covered with courfe, long, black, flaring Hair. Thefe 
Creatures keep together 20 or 30 in a Company, 
and ramble over the Woods ^ leaping from Tree to 
Tree. If they meet with a fingle Perfon, they will 
threaten to devour him. When I have been alone 
I have been afraid to flioot them, gipecially the firft 
time I met them. .They were a great Company 
dancing from Tree to Tiee, over my Head^ chatter- 
ing and making a terrible Noife , and a great many 
pm Faces, and'fliewing Antick Gelhires. Some broke 
[own dry Sticks and t^ew at me ^ others fcattered 

their 



6<y Momtges. Ant-Bears. 

An. 1676. theif Urine and Dung about nay Ears-, at laft one 
* bigger than the reft,' came to a Imall Limb juft over 
my Head ^ and leaping direttiy at me, made me 
ftart back •, but the Monkey caught hold of the 
Bough with the rip of his Tail ) and there conti- 
nue Iwinging to and fro, and making Mouths at 
me> At laft I pft on, they ftitl 

keeping me Company, with the like menacing Po- 
ftures, till I came to our Huts. The Tails of thefe 
Monkies are as good to them as one of their flands^ 
and they will hold asfaft by tliem. If two or more 
of us were together they would haften from us. The 
Females with -their young Ones, are much troubled 
to leap after the Males ^ for they^ have commonly 
two : one flie carries under one of her Arms •, the 
other fits on her Back, and clafps her tivo fore Paws 
about her Neck. Thefe Monkies are the moft lul- 
len I Qv&c met with^ for all the Art that we could ufe, 
would never tame them. It is a hard matter to (hoot 
one of them,fo as to take it ^ for if it g^ts^hold with 
its Claws or Tail, it will not fall as long as one 
breath of Life remains. After I have fliot at one, 
and broke a Leg or an Arm, I have pittied the poor 
Creature to fee it look on and handle the wounded 
Limb 5 and turn it about from fide to fide. Thefe 
Monkies are very rarely, or (as fomelay) never on 
the Ground. ^ - 

The Ant-Bear is a four-footed Beaft, as big as a 
pretty large Dog •, with rough black-brovtm Hair : It 
has mort Legs ^ a long Nofe and little Eyes v a very 
little Mouth, and a flender Tongue like an Earth- * 
worm about 5 or 6 Inches long. This Creature feeds 
on Ants ^ therefore you always find them near ah 
Ants Neft or Path. It takes its Food thus : It lays 
its Nofe down flat on the Ground, clofe by tlie 
Path that the Ants travel in, (whereof here are many 
in this Country ) and then puts out its Tongue 
athwart the Path; the Ants paffing forwards and 

backwards 



backwards continually , when they cOme to tho An. li-ji. 
Tongue, njake a fto|), and in two or three Minutes ' ^ - 
time it will be covered all over with Ants i which 
Ihe perceiving, diaws in her Tongue, and then eats 
them •, and after puts it out again to tiapan more. 
They Ihiellverty ftrong of Ants, and' tafte much 
ftronger •, tor I have eaten of them. I have met with 

thde Cieatures in leveral Places of ^/«w^^, as well 
as here ^ (/.^. in the ^amb aloes) and in the South Seas^ 
on the Mexican Continent. 

The Sloth i^ a four-footed, hairy, fid-coloured An!- 
jnal-,fdmewhat lefs than the Ant-Bear,&: not Id rough: ' 
its Head is round, its Eyes fmall^ it has a fliort 
Nole, and very fharp Teeth ; Ihort Legs, but extraor- 
dinary long marp Claws. Thtis Creature feeds on 
Leaves, whether indiherently of all forts, or only en 
ibm^ particular kinds, I know not. They are very 
mifehievous to the Trees wtere they come ^ and 
are Jo flow in motion, that when they have eaten all 
the Leaves on one Tree, before they can get down 
from that and climb axiother, and iettle themfelves 
to their frefli Banquet (which takes them up 5 or 
6 days, though the Trees ftand nesir: ) They are no- 
thing but skin and . bones, altho' tiiey came down 
plump and fat from the laft Tre^.; They never de- 
itend till they have ftript every Limb and Bougji, 
and made them as bare as Winter, It takesthem; up 
£ or p Minutes to move one of their feet 3 Inghes 
forward I and they move all their four feet one af- 
tg: another, at the lame flow Rate^ neither will 
ftripes make them ttkiA their pace •, which I have 
tryed to do, ly whipping them ^ bm they ieem.in- . 
ienfible, and can neither be frighted, or provoked 
to move farter. 

^ . The Armadillo (fo called from its Suit of Armour) 
is;' as big as a Imall lucking Pig: the body of it pretty- 
long. This Creature is incloled in .a thick Shelly 

which 



Alu i6i€. which guards alt its back, and comes down on both 
' ^"" ■ fides, and meets under the belljr, leaving room for 
the four LegS', the Head is Imall, with a Nofe like 
a Pig, a pretty long Neck, and can put out its Head 
before its Body when it walks ^ but on any danger 
(he puts it in under the (hell i and drawing in her 
Feet, (he lies ftock ftill like a Land-Turtle : And 
though you tols her about, yet (he will not move 
her (elf! The Shell is joynted in the middle of tlie 
back J (b that (he can turn the fore-part of her body 
about which way (he plea(es. The Feet, are like 
thofe of a Land-Turtle, and it has ftrong Claws, 
wherewith it digs holes in the ground like a Cony, 
The fle(h is very (weet, and tafts much like a Land- 
Turde. • 

Tlie Forcupln being a Creature well known, HI 
pa(s it in filence. 

The Beafts of Prey that ate bred in this Country, 
are Tigre-Cats, and (as is reported by our Men ) 
Lions. The Tigre-Cat is about the bignels of a Bull- 
Dog, with (hort Legs, and a trulsBody,lhaped much 
like a MaftifF, but in all things eUe. (viz. its Head, 
the colour of its Hair, and the manner of its Preying, 
much relembling the Tigre, only ibmewhat le(s. 
Here are great numbers of them : They prey on 
young Calves or other Game ^ whereof here is plen- 
ty ; KiA becaule they do not want Food, they are 
Ae lels to be feared. But I have wKht them farther 
offi when I have met them in the Woods ^ becaufe 
their AlpeO: appears (b very ftately and fierce. I ne- 
ver did (ee any Lion in this Country ^ but I have 
been informed by two or tliree per(bns that they did 
fee Lions here : But I am afTured, that they are not 
numerous* 

Here are a great many poi(bnous Creatures in 
this Country ^ more particularly Snakes, of divers 
forts, fome yellow, (bme green, and others of a dun 
Colour, widi black and yellowifh (pots. The yellow 

Sndk& 



Snake is conStaonly as big as the Cnall of a Man's xi,. i&j6. 
Leg ^ and 6 or 7 feven foot long. Thefe are a lazy 
Tort of Creatures ; for they lye Ml and prey on 
Lizards, Guanoes, or other imall Animals that come 
inthekway. 

It is reported. That fometimes they lurk in Trees y 
and that they are fo mighty in ftrength, as to hold 
a Bullock fan by one of his Horns, when they hap- 
pen to come fo near as that Ihe can twift her felf 
about the Limb of the Tree and the Horn at once. 
Thefe are accounted very good Meat by Ibme, and^. 
are eaten frequently : I my felf have tryed it for cu- 
riofity, but cannot commend it*. I have heard Ibmc 
Bay-men report, that they have feen Ibme of this 
kind here as big as an ordinary Man's Waft ^ but I. 
never faw any liich. 

The green Snakes are no bi^r abdlk than a 
Man's Thumb, yet 4 or 5 foot long : The Backs are 
of a very lively green Colour, but their Bellies in- 
clining to yellow. Thefe are commonly in Buflies 
among the green Leaves, and prey upon fipaU Birds. 
This 1 have often feen, and was once in danger to 
he bit by one before I law it : For I was going to 
take hold of a Bird that fluttered and cryed out juft 
by me, yet did not fly away, neither could I ima- 
ginthereafon, till reaching out my hand, I per- 
ceived the head of a Snake clofe by it^ and looluqg 
more narrowly, I law the upper part of theSnahk, 
about two or three Inches irom his head, twilled 
about the poor Bird. 

What they feed on befides* Birds 1 know not, but 
they are faid to be very venemous. 

The dun colourai Snake is a little bigger than the 
- meen Snake, but not above a foot and a bailor twa 
fix)t long^ thefe we fliould often fee in and about our 
Huts*, but did not kill them, becaufe they de- 
ftroyed the Mice, and are very nimble in chacing 
thofe Creatures. BeSdes Snakes, here a[re Scorpions 

and 



04 auge opioeri. jimi, 

A 6 6 ^nd Centapes in abundance. Here are alio GalliwalpS. 

An. 167 * 'XTiefe are Creatures fomewhat refembling Lizards, • 
but larger -, their bodies about the thicKnefs of a 
Man's Arm, having four fliort Legs, and Cnall (hort 
Tails 5 their colour a dark brown. Thefe Creatures 
live in old hollow Trunks of Trees, and are 
conimonly found in wet fwampy ground^ and are 
fiid to be very poifonous. 

Here are allb a Ibrt of Spiders of a prodigious 
fize,fbme near as big as a Man's Rft,withlongIinaU 
Legs like the Spiders in England : they have two 
Teeth, or rather Horns an Inch and a JEialf, or two 
Inches long, and of a proportionable bignefe, which 
are black as Jett, finooth as Glals, and their Imall 
end ftiarp as a Thorn ^ they are not ftrait,but bend- 
ing. Thefe Teeth we often preferve. Some wear 
them in their TobaccO:pouches to pick their Pipes. 
Others preferve them ror Tooth-Pickers, cQ)ecially 
filch as were troubled with the Tooth-ach ^ for by 
report they will expel that pain, tho' I cannot ju- 
ftifie it of my own knowledge. The backs of thefe 
Spiders are covered with a dark yellowifh Down, as 
ibft as Velvet. Some fey thefe Spiders are vene- 
. mous -, others not ^ whether is true I cannot deter- 
mine. 

Tho' this Country be lb often over-flown with 
Water •, yet it iwarms with Ants, of fe- 
vcral forts ^ viz. great, finall, black, yellow, Cfc. The 
Lt black Ant ftings or bites almoft as bad as a 
>rpion •, and nact to this the finall yellow Ants 
bite is moft painfiil •, for thck Sting is like a 
iparij: of fire •, and they are fo thick among the 
boughs in fome places, that one (hall be covered 
with them before he is aware. Thefe Creatures 
have Nefts on great Trees placed on the body be- 
tween the Limbs : fome of their Nefts are as big as 
a Hogfliead •, this is their Winter Habitation-, for in 
the wet Seafon diey aU repair to thefe their Oties : 

Here 




Here they prcferve their Eggs, Antsfes are asAi.id75.i 
touch efteemed hj the Ranters in the Weft-Indies ^V^ j 
for feeding their Chickens^as Greaf Oat-meal witli us j 

in E^igland. In the dry Seafon when they leave their 
Nefts, thw iwarm over all the Woodland ^ for they 
never trouole the Savannahs: You may then fed 
great Paths made hj them in the Woods of thred of 
lout Inches bioad beaten as plain as the Roads iri. 
England. They go out light , but bring home 
heavy Loads on their backs, all of the iwie Tub- 
(lance, and equal in bigneis : I never obferved anjf 
thing befidcs pieces of ffl:een Leaves, fb big that i 
could fcarce lee the Infea for his Burthen ^ yetthcjf 
would march ftoudy, and ib many ftill pitefiing after, 
that it was a veiy pretty fight, for the Path loofct 
perfeCUy green with them. TKerewasbne Ibrtof 
Ants of a black Colour, pretty laf^t,With long Legs ^ 
thefe would riiarch in Troops, a§ if they were bufie 
in feeking iomewhat y they were always in haft, and 
followed their Leaders exaCHy let them go whithet 
they would-, thele had no beaten Paths to walk in^ 
but samUed about like Hunters: Sometimes a Band 
of theffe Ants would happen to march thtougji out 
Huts, over our Beds, or into our Pavilions, nay, 
fometimes into our Qiefts^ and there ranlack eve^ 
part^ and where-everthe forcfmoft went, the reft all 
came after : \^ never diffiirbed them, biit gave therij 
fiee liberw to feareh where they pleafed •, and they 
would allmarch off before night Thele Companies} 
were lo great,that tiiejr would be two or three hoursi 
in ^ffingby. tbough tbg' went very faft. 
. The Fowls of this (Jountry are Htiriiniing 6ir^ 
ffiadcffitds, Tiotle Doves, Pigeons, Parrots,. Pata- 
kite^ Quame$, Correlbes, Turkies, Carrion Crows, 
Subtie Jacks, Bill Birds, Cockrecocs, &C; TheHum- 
ming Bird is a firetty little feathered Creature, nc* 
biggetlh;stn a great ova:-gr6wn Walp, with a blade 
nottgger than t finail Needle^ and hisLegsand 

Ee Feet 




An. 1676. Feet in proportion to his bodv. this Creature do« 
■ 'not wave his Wings like other Birds when it flies, 

but keeps them in a continued quick motion like 
Bees or other InieSs, and like them makes a con- 
tinual humming Nqife as it flies^ T It is very quick 
in motion, and haunts, about Flowers and Fruit like 
a Bee gathering Honjr, making many near addxefflbs 
to its delightful ObjeOs, by vifiting them on. a31 
fides, and yet ftill keeps in njotiop, Ibmetimes on one 
fide, fometime on die other •, as pften rebounding 
a foot or two back on a fudden, and as quic^ re- 
turns again ,^ keeping thus about one ^ Flower 
five or fix minutes, or more. There are 'two or 
three forts of them, fome bi^er than others, Kit all 
tery finall, neither are they cojlbured alike ^ the 
largeft are of a blackifli colour. 

The Black Bird is Ibmewhat Bgeer than ours in 
England -, it has a longer Tail,bunike them ;n Co- 
lour : They are fometimes called Chattering Crow^ 
tecaufe they chatter, like a Magpy. . ., 

There are three forts of Turue Doves {viz^ white 
breafted Doves, dun coloured Doves, and grouiKl 
l)pves. The w^^ite bre^s are tjie biggeft j they are 
of a blewilh grey Colour with white breafts \ thefe 
are fine, round and plump, and aljxtpil as big as a 
Pigeon. The next Ibrt are all over of a dun, lefler 
than the former j. and not fo round. The ground Dove 
miicji bigger than a SfcyXark, oTa dull grey, very 
round and plump, and commonly run in palubi on 
the ^ound,. and probably thence -have theurname. 
The other two forts fiie in paii^s, au4 ^^^ <>Q B^es^ 
which they commonly gather thenifelves firom tha 
Trees where they grow -, and all thrp^ forts are vciy 
good Meat. . .., 

Pigeons are not very common here 1 tiqr arelels 
than our Wood Quefts, and as good rood* 
, The Quam is as big as an oriinary Hen Turkey, 
i^f a blackifli dun Colour 5 it? Bill like a Turkeys, j 

it 



it flieS about among the Woods ^ feeds on Beirries, -^«« ^^7^^ 
and is very good meat. / ^ — 

The Correlb is a larger Fowl than the Quam -.The 
Cock is blacky the Hen is of a dark brown. The 
Cock has a Crown of black Feathers on his Head, 
smd appears very ftately. Thele live alio on Berries, 
and are very good to eat 5 but their Bones are faid 
to be poilbnoua i therefore we do either burn or bu- 
ry them, or throw them into the Water for fear oar 
Dogs (hoidd eat them- . 

Carrion Crows are blackifti Fowls, about the big* 
nels of Ravens i they have bald Heads, and redifti 
bald Necks like Turkeys v and therefore by Strangers 
that come newljr from Europe^ are often miftaken' 
fot liich. Hieie live wholly on flefh, (and are there- 
fore called Carrion Crows:) There are great num* 
b^f s of them 5 They are heavy^ dull Creatufes,and by 
tlxeh: pearchii^ l<Mig at one place they jfeeitt to be 
vejty lazy : yet they are quick enough to find out 
their Prey ^ for when we hunt in the Woods or Sa- 
vannahs, as ibon as we have killed a Beaft, they will 
immediately flock about us from all parts, and in 
lels than an. hours time there will be two or three 
hyddred, though at firft there was. not one to be leen* 
T.have fojnetknes admired from whence fo many 
came & fiiddenly •, for we never fee above two or 
thtee at a place^ before they come]to feaft on a Car* 

Some of the Carrion Crows are all over white, 
baft their FejJthets look as if they were fullied : They 
llave bald Heads and Necks like the reft^ they are 
of the.lame.bignels.and msike-, without any difte* 
rence but in Colour t, and we never fee above one of 
t\^o of thefe white ones at a time •, and 'tis feldom 
allb.thdt We fee .a great number of the black ones, 
but we fee one white one amongft them. 

J, The Logwood Cutters call the white ones King 
Carrion Crdwsi, and lay, that thqr are much bigger 
' . . E e 2 uian 



5o om^^ jacr^jt^ 

An 1676 ^^^ *^^ Others-, and that when a great number are 
J affembled about a Carkals, if a King Carrion Crow 
be among them, he falls on firft, and none of 
the others will taft the lead Morfel^ till he has filled 
Ms belly and is Withdrawn ^ nay, that they will fit 
pearching on the Trees about him,without approach- 
ing the Carkafs^ till he flies away •, and then in an 
inltant they fall on all together. I have leen of 
the King Carrion Crows, but could not perceive 
them to be bigger than the reft\ neither were the 
black ones, their Companions, fo unmannerly as to 
let diem eat without compamr -^ They are very vo- 
racious, and will diipatch a Carkais in a trice : For 
that realbn the Spaniards never kill them, but fine 
any one that fhail : And I think there is alio an A^ 
in Jamaica that prohibits their deftruftion •, and the 
Logwood-Cutters, tho' under no fiich obligation, yet 
are fo zealoufly luperftitious, that none will hurt 
them for fear of receiving fome damage after- 
wards. 

Subtle Jacks are Birds a^ big as Pigeons ^ they are 
moftly blackifh-, the tips of their Wing Feathers are 
yellowifh, as are alio dieir Bills. Tbev have a pe- 
culiar and wonderful cunning way of building dif 
ferent from any others : Their Nefl^ hapg down 
from the boughs of lofty Trees, whole bodies are 
clean without limbs for a confiderable height : The 
branches to which they faftcn them, are thofe that 
Ipread fartheft out from the body ^ and the very ex- 
tremities of thofe boughs are only ufed by them; Oa 
Trees that grow fingle by ,themlelves at fome di- 
jftance from others •, they bdld clear round : but if 
they joyn to others, they make choice of iuch only 
as are bordering upon a Savannah, Pond or Greek,- 
and hang down their Nells from thofe limbs that 
ipread over thofe Savannahs, E^V. negleOing iiich as 
are near other Trees: Their Nefts hang down two 
or three foot from the twigs^ to vmAi ihsy are 

&llnsd^ 



PilhBtrds. Whijmng Duck/. 69 

faftned^and look juft like Cabbage-Nets ftuft Wit\x^n.i6'f6. 
Hey. The Thread that fallens the Neft to the twig 
is made of long Graft (as is alio the Neft it lelQ 
very ingenioufly twifted together : It is but fmall at 
the twig •, but near the Neft grows thicker. The 
Neft has a hole in the fide for the Bird to enter at, 
and 'tis very pretty to fee twenty or thirty of them 
hanjgjing round a Tree. They are called by the 
Englilh Subtle Jacks^ becaufe ofthis uncommon way 
of building. 

There are two or three forts of Bill-Birds, ib 
called by the Englilh, becaufe their Bills are almoft 
as big as themfelves* The largeft I ever law arc 
about the fize of Englilh Wood-peckers, and muclj 
like them : There are oth^s of a finaller Ibrt^ 
but they are not often met with, and I never law 
many of them. 

Cic^ecoes are Ihort winged Bkds, coloured like 
Partridges, but Ibmewhat Icller •, neither are they ib 
plump and round. They have long Legs, delight- 
ing to run on the Ground among Woods, in fwam- 
w Places or near Creeks. They make a loud 
Noife Mornings and Evenings, and Anlwer one ano- 
ther very prettily ^ and they are extraordinary Iweet 
Meat . 

The Water-Fowls are Duck and Mallard ^ Cur- 
lews, Herons, Crabcatchers, Pelicans, Cormorants, 
Filhing-Hawks, Men-of-War-Birds, Boobies, &c. 

Thete are three forts of Ducks, viz. The Muf 
covy, die Whittling and the Connmon Duck. Muf 
cpyy Ducks are lels than ours, but otherwife exaftly 
alike. They pearch on old dry Trees, or liich as 
have no Leaves on them, and feldom light on the 
Ground but to feed. Whiftling Diicks are fome- 
what lels than our Common Duck^ but not difFe^ 
ing from them in Ihape or Colour : In fljring, thek 
Wings make a pretty fort of loud whiftling Noife. 
Thefe alfo pearch on Trees as the former. The 

E3 other. 



« •*»« 



JO uunms. treHum. 

An. 1676. Other Ibrt are like our Common Ducks, both tn 
V^yxj bignefs and colour, and I have never oblerved them 
to pitch upon Trees. All three ibrts are very good 
Meat. 

Here are two Ibrts of Curkws different in bignels 
and colour^ the greater are as big as Turkeys, with 
long Legs and long crooked Bills, lik? a Snipes, 
in length and bignels proportionable to the Bulk of 
their Bodies : They are of a dark colour ^ their 
Wings black and white -, their Flefli black but very 
Iweet and wholelom : They are calfd by the Englifn 
double Curlews, becaufe they are twice as b^ as the 
other fort. 

The finall Curlews are of a dusky brown, with 
long Legs and Bills like the former : their- Flefti is 
}Tioit etleemed as being the iRveeteft. 

Herons aye like ours in J?;^^/^^^ in bignels, fhape 
and colour. 

Crabcatchers are fliaped and coloured like Herons, 
but they ar^ fiiialler : They feed on finall Cra.bs no 
bigger than ones Thumb, of which there is great 
pknty. 

Pelicans are largQ flat-footed Fowls , almolt 
9S big as Geefe, and their Feathers in colour like 
' them : They hay? fliort Legs, long Necks, and their 
Bills are •about two Inches &oad and 17 or 18 long •, 
the fore-part of their Necks or Breafts is bare, and 
covered with a foft, Imooth, yet loofe Skin, like tha^ 
about the Necks of Turkies : This Skin is of the; 
colour of their Feathers mixt with a dark and light 
grey, fo exa£tly interwoven that it appears, very 
beautiful. They are a very h«avy Bkd, and feldom 
fly far, or very high from the Water : They com- 
monly lit on Rocks at fome diltance ftom the fliore, 
. where they niay look about them. They leem to 
te very melanchoUy Fowls, by their perching all 
alone : They fit as if they were fleeping, holding 
their Heads upright, and rafting the €nd$ of their 

Bills 



Bills on their Breafts •, they axe better Meat than An.i6jf6' 
iJoobies or Men-of War-Birds. , . 
. Cormorants ate juft like young Ducks in (hape, 
having Ihch Feet and Bills ^ They are black with 
white Breafts, and live on finalL OFift which they 
itake near the ftiore,. or on Worms which they get 
.put of the Mud at low Water. They tafte very 
fifhyy yet are indifferent good Meat, they being 
very fat; ? 

r ifliing Hawks are IJke our finalleft ibrt of Hawks 
in colour and Ihape, with luch Bills and Talons : 
They pearch upon iiumps of Trees or dry Limbs 
that hang over the Water about Greeks, Rivers or 
againft th^ Sea: and upon fight of any finall Fifh 
n^ir them, they skim along juft over them, and 
fcatching up the prey with their Talons , pre^ 
fcntly rile again without touching the Water with . 
their Wihgi They don't iwallow the Fifli whole 
as all other fifliing Fowls, that ever I faw do, but 
tear it with their Bills and eat it Fiece-Meal. 

The Lagunes, Qeeks and Rivers are plentifully 

ftoredwith great variety of Fifli (z;/^. Mullets,. 

Snooks, Tenpounders, Tarpoms, Cavallies, Parri- 

-cootas, Garr-fifli, Stingrays^ Spanifli Mackril, 

with many others. 

Tenpounders arc Ihaped like Mullets, but are Ip 
foil of very finall ftiit Bones, intermixt with the 
Flefli, that you can hardly eat them. 

Parricootas are long Fifti, with round Bodies 
like Mackril : They have very long Mouths and 
ibarp Teeth j they are about 8 or 10 Inches round, 
and three Foot and half long. They commonly 
haunt in Lagunes among Iflands, or in the Sea near 
the fliore. They are a floatii^ Fifli, and greedily 
take the Hook, and will Ihap at Men too in the 
Water. We commonly take them when we are 
under iail, with a Hook towing after our Stem^ 
They jfre firm well-talted Fifti ^ but 'tis dangerous 

Ee^ eating 



7* v^J^TiM* 

7n. \6iZ ^^^^% them, for fotne Men have been poilbned with 

them. 

Divers Porlbns are of Opinion that thefe 

Creatures are poylbnous in fome Places only, and 

that but at fome times of the Year* I know that 

in ipany Parts of the Wefi Indies , fome have 

been injured by eating them^ and that at different 

Seafons of the Year •, therefore Seamen commonly 

tafte the Liv^r before they venture any further j 

and if that has a biting tafte like Pepper, they 

^ efteem the fifli unwhoUbm, but if not, thgr eat 

* it : and yet I have found even this Rule fail too, 

J judge the Head and the Parts near it , to be 

chiefly venomous* 

G^rr-fifli are round, but neither lb big nor long 

as the former-, but what i$ more peculiar, they 

have long bony Snouts , like the Sword-filh, only 

as the Sword-hfhes Snout is flat, and indented like 

a Saw on each fide ^.ib on the contrary thefe have 

-their Snouts like, a ipear, round, fmooth and (harp 

at the end, and about a foot long. Thefe are a Ibrt 

pf floaty or Flying Fifli : for they skip along a Foot 

or two above the Water, for the length of jwerity 

pr thirty Yards : th^n they juft touch, the edge of 

the Wjiter, and Ipring forward fo moch farther, 

and then touch the Water, and iprii^ forward again^ 

a great many times before they ceafe.They dart them- 

felves with liich a force, that they ftrike their Snout 

through the fides of a Q)tton-Tree Canoa ^ and we 

often fear that thqr Will ftrike quite through our 

;ery Bodies. They are extraordinary . fweet 

uk .. 

Spanifli Mackri) are in ihape and colour like 

Qur Mackril, but larger : They are three Foot oi 

three and half long, and nine or ten Inches about,; 

and they ^Up are generally efteeemed very qxcel^ 

lent Eift, 

The 



Fi 



The Ray is a flat Fifli , like Skate, and I hz\tAn.ief4i 
fecn three Ibrts of them ^ viz. the Stingray, the ^ 
Raipray and the Whipray. The Stingray and Rafp- 
ray are much alike in Ihape -, but the former has 
three qj four ftrong fharp Prickles , near two 
Inches lohg, at the Root of its Tail, which are 
faid to be very venomous , but the reft of his 
Skiais fmoodi. The Raipray has a rough knotty 
Skin wherewith Ralps pre made : the Skins of the 
largeft are fo tough, that the Spaniards in fome 
Places grate their Caffavy with them, which 
is a Root very common all over the Wefi Indies 5 and 
of which the Spaniards and Englifli frequently make 
their Bread •, but the iaireft Skins are ufedi to cover 
Surgeons Inftrument Cafes, and other uch fine 
^ Things •, but of late they are coupterftited. I 
have been told that in Turkey^ Afles Skins are 
.ftamped with fmall hard Seeds, which gives them 
Impreffions like Raipray. 

The Whipray diners from the other two Ibrts, 
having a linall, but longer Tail, and ending with 
a Knob, Ihaped like a Harpoon. All theje three 
forts are much about a Foot and half broad. There 
is yet another fort of thefe flatFilh of the Whipray 
kind, but of a prodi^ous bignefs 5 viz. three 
or four Yards Iquare , and thek Tails as long : 
thefe we call Sea-Devils •, they aie veiyflrongliS), 
3iidare fometimes Gamelbm ^ but they make an odd 
jrjgure when they leap out of the Water, tum- 
< bling over and over. 

Neither are Turtle and Manatee wanting in this 
Lagune. Here are'lbnne Hawks-bill-Turtle, tut the 
green Turtie is moft plentiful, lliey are of a 
middle fee 5 yet here was once a very large one 
taken,, as I have mentioned in my Voyages round 
the World, \ . \ . ' f 

Here zit abundance of l^ahatee, which are both 
large and Iweet \ \ 




An. 1676. Alligators are alio in great numbers in all the 
Creeks, Rivers and Lagunes in the Bay of Cam- 
peachy 5 and I think that no part of the Univerfe is 
better ftoc^d with thenqi. 

The Alligator is a Creature £0 well known every 
where, that I fhould not defcribc it, were it not to 
give an Account of the difference between it and 
the Crocodile *, fot they refemble each other ib 
nearly in their Ihape and bulk^ as aUb in their 
NatureSjthat theyare generally miftaken for the iame 
^cies •, only the one fuppofed to be the Male, die 
other the Female : Whether they are fo or not, the 
Wodd may judge by the following Gbfervations, 
As to their bulk and lengthy I never iaw any fb 
large as Ibme I have heard and read of ^ but accor- 
ding to my beft Judgment, though I have feen 
Thouiands, I never met with any above fixteen or 
feventeen Foot long, and as thicK as a large Colt, 
He is fliaped like a Lizard, of a dark-brown colour, 
with a large head and very long Jaws, with great 
ftrong Teeth , eQ)ecially two of a Ra»arrable 
Length, that grow out . cf, and at the very end of 
the under Jaw in the finalleft part, on each fide one, 
there are two holes in the upper Jaw toreceive thefe, 
otherways he could not ihut his Mouth. Jt has 4 
Ihort Legs and Broad Claws, with a long Tail. The 
Head, Back and Tail is fenced with pretty hard 
Scales, joyried together with a very thick tough 
Skin: Over its Eyes there are two hard fcally Knobs, 
as big as a Mans Fift, and from the Head to the Tail, 
along the Ridge of his Back 'tis fiill of fiich 
knotty hard Scdes, not like Fiih-Scales, which are 
loofe, but fo united to the Sdn, that it is all one 
with it, and; can't be taken aliindfer, but with a (harp 
Knife. From the Ridge of the Back down on tli^ 
Ribs towards the Belly,(which is of a dushy yellow 
colour like a Frog) there are many of thefe Scales, 
but not fo lubftantial nor fo thick placed as the other. 

The 



Thefe Scales are no hindrance to him in turning ^ ah. 1676, 
for he will turn very quick , confidering his ' " 
length. When he goes on Lsmd his Tail drags on the 
Ground* 

The Flefti finells very flrong of Musk •, elpecially 
four JCemels or Cods that are always found ibout 
them, two of which grow in the Groin, near each 
Thigh y the other two at the Breaft, one under each 
fcreLeg, and about thebignefs of a Pullets Egg^ 
therefore when we kill an Alligator, we take out 
thefe, and having dried them wear them in our 
Hats for a perfiime. The Flefti is feldom eaten 
but in cafe of Neceflity , becaufe of its ftrong 
fcent 

Now the Crocodile hath none of thefe Kernels, 
neither doth his Flefli tafte at all Musky, therefore 
dieemed better Food. He is* of a yellow colour, 
neither hath he iiich long Teeth in his under Jaw, 
The Crocodile's Legs alfo are longer, and when it 
runs on Land, it bears its Tail above the Ground, and 
turns up the tip of it in a round bow, and the Knots 
on the oack are much thicker, higher and &mer 
than thofe of the Alligator : And differ alio as to 
the Places where they are found. For in ibme Parts, 
as here in the Bay of Campeachy^ are abundance of 
Alligators, where yet I never faw nor heard of any 
Crocodiles, At the Ifle Grand Omtams^ there are 
Crocodiles, but no Alligators. At Pwx by Quba^ 
there are abundance of Crocodiles, but I cannot iay 
there are no Alligators, tho' I never law any there. 
Both Kinds are caUed Caymanes by the Spaniards j 
therefore probably they may reckon them for the 
lame. And I know of no other diJFerencQ^ for they 
both lay Eggs alike, which are not diftinguiftiableto 
the Eye : Hhsj are as big as a Goofe-Egg, but much 
longer, and good Meat y yet the Alligators Effis tafte 
very musky : They prey both alike in either Sement, 

for 



76 Uogs and Amgdtwu 

'An.i6'j6. for thw lovp Flefli as well as Fifh, and will live in 
either nefli or lalt Wat^. Befide, thefe Creatures 
I know none that can live amr where, or upon any 
Ibrt of Food^ like them. Tis reported, tteit they 
love DoK Flefli better than any other Flefli what- 
IbevCT. This I have feen with my own Eyes, that 
our Dogs were fo much afraid of them , th?t 
they would not very willingly drink at any great 
River or Creek where thofe Creatures might lurk 
and hide themlelves, uiilefe they were ( through 
Neceffity j eonftrained to it ^ and then they would 
ftand five or fix Foot from th^ brink of the 
Creek or River, and bark a conliderable time 
before they would Adventure nearer ^ and then 
leven at the fight of their own Shadows in the 
Water, they wojild again retire to the Place 
fton? whmce thevcame, and bark vehemently a 
long tkrie^ fo that ki th® dry Sealbn, when 
there was no frefli Water but in Ponds and 
Creeks, we ufed to fetch it our felves and give 
it our Dogs^ and many times in our Hunting, 
when 'we came to a large Creek that we were 
to pais through, our Dogs would not follow us; 
id that we of^n took then> in our Arms, and 
carried them over. 

Befides the fore-mentioned difference between the 
Alligator and Crocodile •, the latter is accounted 
more tierce and daring than the Alligator : There- 
fore when we go to the Ifles of Pi^es or Grand 
Ctymanes to hunt, we are often niolefted by them, 
efpecially in the Night. But in the Bay of Cam- 
peachy:^ where there are only Alligators, I did never 
Know any Mifchief done by them, except by 
accident Men run themlelves into then: Jaws. 
I remember one Inftance of this Nature, which is 
9S foUovvsi 

hi 



# / 



In the very height of the dry time feveh or ekht An. 1674. 
Men (Englim and Irifh) went to a Place called ^ 
ties tond^ on heej-lftand^ to hunt. This Pond was 
never dry, ^o that the Cattle drew hither in Iwarffis, 
but after two or three days hunting they were Ihy ^ 
and would not come to the Pond till Night, and 
then if an Army of Men had lain to oppofe them, 
they Would not have been debarred of Water. The - 
Hunters, knowing their Cuftom, lay ftill all Day, 
and in the Night vifited this Pond, atid killed as 
many Beefs as they could. This Trade they had 
driven a Weds, and made great profit. At length 
an Irifh-man going to the Pond in the Night, 
Humbled over an Alligator that lay in the Path : 
ilie Alligator feized him by the Knee^ at which the 
Man aies out, Uelp I help ! His Conibrts not know- 
itig what the matter was, ran all away from their 
Huts, fiippoling that he was fallen into the clutches 
of fbroQ Spaniards^ of whom they were afraid 
every dry Sealbn. But poor Darnel, not finding 
any affiftance , waited till the Beaft opened his 
|aw to take better hold, becaufe it is ufual for 
the Alligator to do jR) •, and- then fiiatch'd away 
his Knee, and flipt the But-end of his Gun in 
the room of it, ^ which the Alligator griped io hard, 
that he puU'd it out of his Hand and lo went away. 
The Man being near a linall Tree, climb'd up out 
of his. reach ^ and then cryed out to his Conibrts 
to cctoe and aflift him^ who being ftill within 
Call, and watching to hea,r tlie Illue of the Ala- 
rum , made hafte to him with Fire-brands in 
their Hands, and brought him away in their 
Arms to. his Hut ^ tor he was in a deplora- 
ble condition, and not able to ftand on his 
Feet , his Knee was lb torn with tha Alligators 
Teeth. 

His Gun was found the next day ten or twelve 
Paces from th$ Place where he was ftized, with 

two 



An»i6j6. tWo large Holes fnade in the But-endof it, one 
on- each fide, near an Inch deep ^ for I faw the 
Gun afterwards. This Ipoiled thek (port fot a 
time, they being forc'd to carry the Man to the 
Ifland Tr//?, where their Ships were, which was 
fix or feven Leagues diftant 

This Iriffi-man went afterwards to New-England, 
to be cured, in- a Ship belonging to Bofion , and 
nine or ten Months after returned to the Bay again, 
being recovered of his wound, but went limpi{>g 
ever after. 

This was all the mifchief that ever I heard was 
done^ in the Bay of Camfeachy ^ by the Creatures 
caird Alligators. 



t.O.T*8<i*» 



il» n> ■ » I I I n 



in ia 



C H A, P. 






C H A p. lu. 

Xfi^ood Mens my ^ living, their Bunting 
for Beefs in Canoas, Alligators, Ihe Aittbor*s 
fetUng with hognood-Men, H9 is loB in 
Hmting. Caftain Hall and bis Mens difafter. 
the vay of fteferving Balloeks Hides, tvpo 
hairy Worms growing in the Author's Leg, 
Dangerous leg-xporms in the Weft Indies. 
the Author ftrangely cured of one. A violent 
Storm. A Defmption of Beef-lfland : Its 
Frmti and Animals, the Spaniards way of 
hoel^ng Cattle, their core of frtferving their 
Cattle, the veafieful ■• defhri^on made of 
them by the Englijh and French "Privateers, 
the Author's narrow Efcap^ from an Alliga- 
tor, ' ■." . . " ' . 

THE Logwood-Cutters (as I faid before) in- 
habit the Creeks of the Eaft and Weft 
Lagunes , in ioiall Companies , building 
their Huts clofe by the- Greeks fides ior the 
benefit of the Sea-Breezes , as near the Logwood 
Q:ove$ as they can, removing dten to be near their 
Bufinels : Yet when they are fettled in a good open 
Place, they chufe rather to go half a Mile in their 
Canoas to Work, than lofe that convenience. Tho' 
they build their Huts but ffightly, yet they take c^re 
to thatch them very well with Palm or Palmeto 
Leaves, to prevent the RaioSj which are there very 
violent fixm foaking in. 

■•-■-■ •■ ■ • . -For 



'diui6i6. For their Bedding they raife a Barbicuc^ of 
wooden Frame 3 Foot and half above Ground on 
one fide of the Houfe-, and flick up four Stakes, at 
each corner one, to fiiften then: Pavillions ^ out 
of which here is no fleeping for Muskitoes. 

Another Franae they raife covered with Earth for 
a Hearth to dtefstheir ViQijals : And a third to fit 
at, When they cat it. 

Durh)s the wet S«afbn, the Land where the 
Logwood grows is fo over-flow'd,that they flep from 
their Beds into the Water perhaps two Foot deep, 
and continue ftanding in the Wet all Day, till they 
;o to Bed again •, but neverthelefi account it the 
)efl Seafon in the Year for doing a good Days La- 
bour m. 

S(xne fell the I'recs, others faw and cut them kito 
convenient Logs, and one chips oiF the Sap, and 
he is commonly the principal Man ^ and when a 
Tree is fo thick, that^ter it is log'd, it remains flill 
too great a Burthen for one Man, we Uow it up 
with Gunpowder. 

The Logwood4Cutter^ ate generally llurdy fb:ong 
Fellows^ and will carry Burthens of three or four 
hundred Weight ^ but ever^ Man is left to his choice 
to carry what he plealeth, and connfloonly they agree 
very well about it : For they are contented to la- 
hour very hard. 1 

But when Ships come from Jamaica with Rum 
and Sugar, they are too apt to mif fpend both their 
Time and Money- If the Commanders of thefe 
Ships are Free, and treat all that come the fuft 
Day with Punch, they will be much refpetted, and 
cveiy Man will py honeftly for what he drinks 
afterwards ^ but if he be niggardly, they will pay 1 
him 'w!th their worft Wood, and commofily they 
have a flock of fiich lay'd by for that ptapofe 1 
nay, they will cheat them with hollow WoOd fiird 
vidth dirt in the middk and both ends plug'd up 

Willi 



With a piece of the fame drove in hard, and then Ak^ip^* 
iawed off lb neatly, that it's hard to find out the ' 
deceit -, but if any Man come to piurchafe with 
Bills payable at Jamaica^ they will be fure to givg 
him the befl Wood. 

In Ibme Places, efpecially in the Weft Creek of 
the Weft Lagune, they go a Hunting every Saturday 
to provide themfelves with Beef for the Week fol^ 
lowing. 

The Cattle in this Country are large and fat in 
February^ Mar(;h and April ^ At other time$ of tha-* 
Year they are flefhy, but not fat, yet fweet enough. 
When they have kill'd a Beef, they • cut it into fouf 
Quarters, and taking out all the Bones, each Man 
makes ix hole in the middle of his Quarter , 
juft'big enough for his- Head to go through, then 
puts it on like a Frock and trudgeth home^ and 
if . he chances to tire^ he cuts off Ibme of it;, and 
flings it away. 

It is a Diverfion pleafant 'i^Ough, though hot 
without Ibme danger to hunt in a Canoa ^ for then 
the Cattle having no other feeding Places than the 
fides of the Savannahs, which arefomewhat higher 
Ground than the middle, they ate forced Ibmetimes 
to Iwim -, lb that we ealily come to ftioot themj 
when they are thus in the Water. 

The Beafh when ftie is fo hard jiurfded that flie^ 
cannot efcape, turns about and comes full tilt at? 
the Canoa, and flr iking her Head againft the f row^ 
drives her back io or 30 Paces ^ then Ihe fcampers 
away again: But if ftie has received a wound, (ha 
commonly purfues us till flie is knbck'd down. Oui? 
chiefeft care is to keep the Head of the Canoa to-^ 
wards her ^ for if ftie ftiould fttike againft thd 
broad iide, it would indanger over-letting it, and 
confequsiitly wetting our Amis and Ammunition^ 
Befides , the Savannahs at this time fwarm with 
Alligators, and therefcffe are the more dangerous ou 
that ac<:ount " F f Thefe 



MA 616. Thefe Creatures in the Wet Seafon forfil^e the 
Rivers,, and inhabit the Drownd-Savannahs to meet 
with Purchafe^ and noFlefli comes amiistothem, 
whether alive or dead. Their chief Subfiftencethenis 
on young Cittle^or fuch Carkafles as we leave behind 
tis, which in the Dry Sealbn feed the Carrion-Crows^ 
but now are a Prey to the Alligators. They remain 
here till the Water drains ofF from the Land ^ 
and then confine themselves to the Stagnant Ponds 5 
and when they are dry, they ramble away to fome 
Creek or River. 

The Alligators in this B^ are not lb fierce as they 
are reported to be in other Places \ for I never knew 
them purfiie any Man, although we do frequently 
ineet them^ nay,they will flee from us : and 1 have 
drank out of a Pond in the dry timie^ that hath 
been full of them, and the Water not deep enough 
to coyer their Backs, and the compals of the Poni 
lb fhiall that 1 could get no Water, but by coming 
within two Yards of the^ Alligators Nole 3 tiliey 
^ing with their Heads towards mine as I was drink- 
ing, and looking on me all the while. Neither did 
I e^et hear of any bit in the Water by them, tho* 
probably ftiould a Man happen in their way, tbey 
would feize upon hi|n. 

Having thus given fome Delcrlptipn of the Coun- 
try, I fliall next give an Account of my Living with 
the Logwood-Men, and of feveral Occunences that 
happened duruig my ftay here. 

Tho' I was a Stranger to their Emjdoyment and 
manner of Living, as being known but to thofe few 
only of whom we bought our Wood, in my for- 
mer Voyage hither ^ yet that little Acquaintance I 
then got, encouraged me to vifit them after my fe- 
cond arrival here ^ bemg in hopes to foike in to 
work with them. There were fix in Company, 
who. had a Hundred Tuns ready cut, log'd arii 
^hip'd^ but not brought to the Creeks fide, and they 

€Xpe£led 



cxpe£ted a Ship iFioin NewEn^/axd in a Month or ^«* k 
two to fetch it away. 

When I cami thither they were beginning to b ring 
it to the Croeif . And becaule the Carriage is the 
haideft Woik^ A&y hired me to help them at the 
rate of a Tun of Wood /rr Month:promifing me that 
after this Carriage ivas over J fhould ftrike in to work 
with thenx, for ^ey were all obliged in Bonds to 
procure this loo Tuns pyntly together, but for no 
more. 

This Wood lay all in the. Circumference of 5 or 
600 Yards, Old about 300 ftom the Creek fide^ in 
the middle of a very thick Wood, unpaflable with 
Burthens* The fitft thing we did was to bring it all 
to one Place Ui tfie middle^ and fiom thence we 
cut a very Ijtfge tath to carry it to the Creeks fide- 
We laboured nard at this Work 5 Days in the Week ^ 
and on Saturdays went into the Savannahs and kiird 
Bieves. 

When we killed a Beef, if there were more than 4 
of us, the overplus went to fcek fiefli Game, whilft 
the reft drefi'd it 

I went out the firft Saturday, and complyed very 
well with my Matters Orders, which was only to 
hdpdrivetiie Cattle but of the Savannahs into the 
Woods, wlweretwo or three Men lay to (hoot them 5 
And hacviijg kfll'd our Game, we marched home 
with our Kmrthens. The next Saturday after, Iwcint 
with a defign to kill a Beef my felj^ thinking it 
more honour totry my own s^l in Shootipg-^than only 
to drive the Game for others to Ihoot an We went 
now to a place call'd the Upper Savannah^ going 4 
Miles in our Canoas, and tnen Landing walked one 
Mile through the Woods, before we came into the 
Savannah, and marched about 2 Miles in it, before 
we came up with any Game. Here I gave my 
Companions the ffip, and wandred fo far into the 
Woods thatl. Ipft my felf^ neither could I find the 
^ F f 3 way 



04 APe jiuipor top fnfwpc rvooaj. 

An. 1676. Way into the open Savannah, 'put" inftead of thlt 
^^^'Vn; ran dire£lly ftom it^ ^through ifnall; Spots of Sa- 
vannahs and Skirts or. Woods.;'' This was fometime 
ixi Miry^ and it v^as between teria^' Clock and Jprie 
when 1 began to findthat I wis (as we call it, t 
ftp pole trom the Spaniards) Morooned^ orLqft^and 

?uite out of the Hearing of my Comrades Guns, 
was Ibmewhat liirprized at tiiis ^' but however , I 
knew I fhould find my way out, aS'ibon as the Sun 
was a little lower. So.IIatdown toreftmyielf^ 
relblving however to run ho farther out of my 
way ^ tor the Sun being fo near the Zenith, I could 
not diftinguifh how to direft my Coiirfe. Being weary 
and almoit faint for want of Wafer,- I was forced 
to have recouffe to the wild Pines!, and was by 
them lupplied, or elle.I mulb have perifh'd . With 
Thirft, About three a Clock I went due North, as 
near as I could judge, for the Savannah lay E^ftand 
Weft, and I was on the Southfide of it. 

At Sun-fet I got out into the cle^r opcnSavannah, 
being about two Leagues wide in moft Places, but 
how^ long I know not. It is well ftoredwith Bill- 
locks, but by frequent Hunting, they growfhy, and 
remove farther up into the , Country. Here I 
found my felf four or five Mile to the Weft of 
die Place where I flragled from ,my Conroanions. 
I made homewards with all the Q)eed I could, but 
being overtaken by the Night, I lay down on the 
Grals a good diftance from the Woods, for the he- 
nefit ot the Wind , to keep the Muskitoes . froth 
me ^ but in vain : for in lefs than an Hours time 
I was fo perfecuted, that though I endeavoured to 
keep them oif by Fanning my felf with Boughs, 
and fhilting my Quarters 3 or 4 tinties •, yet ftiU 
they haunted me fo that I could get no fleep. At 
Day -break I got up and direfted my Courfe t6 thb 
Creek 'where we landed, from which I was then 
about two Leag^eS." i did not lee ohe Beaft -of any 

Ibrt 



foffewkatever in alii idle way^ though the day before:^/!. 1616. 
I^iatt^^feveral Yotog'Calves -thjui-iould hot:followv-^fVNj 
t6eir;Efcims, \m ^W thele were now gone away, 
tk) ihy . gr^t ^Vexatton. and Dilap^jointment, for I 
was-vcry hungiyv • jBut about a Mil& farther^! Ipied 
ten or twdve.Qoahis pcjcdsiingi onsthe^ Bougisof 
a Coiton-Tree,^ Thefe. Weireiriot ihy, theretare I 
got well eriou^ uiid6r them ^ :and.. having a lir^le 
Bid:ler(bia: no Shot), about me, fired. at one of thena, 
bQtihi&'diit, tiiou^rJliad 'before .often kilM them 
fe* j^Tjtenf Icsoiii^ upwithand-firedat 5.or75 Turkic,: 
butwith no bettetiiacccfi- iSaihatrl was forced to 
macchi^rwaiflrMlidii theSavann^tt^ toward the. 
Gceek \ and when Jiafflie^ to. the. Path that led to it 
through the Woods, il-fcund: (tbn^j great Joy) ai 
Hat-ffiidt'iipon a Pote : iJid when '1? came to the 
Creek I founds aimathef', ;ThefeT??erefet upby my 
Cbnforts, whaweie[gone honKjirr the Evening, as ^ 
S%talis that they JvyiaiuU cmxpoM. ^^&sk me. Therev ^ 

:&£64 fit dowuiand faraitpi fbrthmcv. ^<>f • altltmigli 
\hsA Aen ncatraboy^ris^e^Leagufi&lBDrae by Watef^ 
ret: fit wauld.haverbefiii vca!yidffibak„dfl.jiot imppft 
Ihle&r Jiie; to; hatfe gat thithEEOVferlLand^ by ria* 
fonof7iftQle vafli iinpaffable.iMlctes,.aibounding 
e^ary ioAhcte ? aicmgf :ithe iQeebsT liEiild^ wheieia I 
have kncfmr lame^jlfiz^ed fbrctwaccir tliree days, and 
have mt advanced olmfi at M^' Jthaijfgh they -.lat 
\w5OTed:drtDeandyj^i8€^^ ailapJ-r 

ppihtedi of ^ my fi6pc4 $ "inr . withip ' ]^f :.an HftUE . 
aftfeE my ^rival ;^.thi Creek , Ayi^lionlbrts canouJ^ 
teingHig Qvexy. Mac ^- Jbttle of 'Watery and faii 
6»ni :• &th. tO; hunt .fb^ Game .andt to» give tne 'notioj 
by Jjii&g, thatil'm^t, heanrthem^ ;for. I iavii 
knoi^vievetal l!rlea...|oft.in:thd'i^c manner, and 
netei . heard of afitaw^ards. . : ." , ' • 
' Such, an Acddeiit.beftl one Gaptaia HuH^Net^^ 
Ef^hiidy who capais. hither in '^.Bo^on Ship, to take 
in Logwood, ani w^s ; ftaight^ 'by! two Scotch-^ 

: f 3 men, 



1676. men, and one Mr. W.CaM^mMOx-tmn whoddE^ 
ing to go with Goods from Jamaica to New^Tjg^ 
I find ^ tor that reafon when his Logwood wasabooid^ 
tarried at Trifi with the Ship, aid hunted once in % 
at three Days ibr Beef to Ifiimhen out lus Sadtt 
Froviiipn. One Mornii^ the Captain defigning to 
Hunt, took five of his Men,, with his Mate, as 
alio his Merchant Mh Cam along with him. They 
Landed at ^e Eaft end of the Ifland,> which is U^ 
Mjungrcroedand^ Savannah is a cpniiderabb diftanoe 
firom the Sea, and therefoi» troublei&m to jget to 
it However, .unlels they would now fi>ut or fiw 
Leagues fanher, they coald not find a. more 0Qir« 
venient place *, befide, they d£)£d)tied notof Mr-Czn^^ 
skill to condud:^ them. Aftier tfaey had felioiwed 
him a MEe or two into the Woods^ the.Captaia 
feeing him to make a Halt (asbd^g in fiont dodit) 
to. cpnfider of the way:, told higi in decifion, that iie^ 
was but a fony Woodfinan, and that be liro^ 
Swing him but twice round, and h^ ihoutd not gii»& 
|he way out again ^ and ikying no more ito uih, 
went ioiwards,/and . bid his Seaunen follow/ kim^ 
which- they did accorduigly, . &ix. Ome^ after he 
]^ad recoUe^ted^ himfdf^ lisnck cff anotter^way^ 
and defiredtbdaa to go with him; But inftead^f that, 
they were all ibt following, the QimasL^ Ina 
ihort time ^dn.pn^iff got out of the Woods into 
the Savannah, /^^there klt^ja^good &t 'Cow, 
and qoaitering it, n^deit fit foi; Carriage^ iiappofiDg 
tiie Captam and Oew would loon be wi^ hhr^ 
pot after waiting :^ or 4 hours, and firing^ his Gun 
&veral times^ without hearing ai3y Aniwor, took up 
^s Burden and returned tow^ds the Sea-fide v ana 
iipon giving a Signal a Boat camet and brou^t him 
aboard. In the mean tune the Captain and his Meti 
aiWr 4 or 5 Bouts ranging the WjQods,b6gaiE^ to grovsr 
tir€d,at thcai his tidatehaMy truiyngmoietohiso^m 
judgment, left him 9i2itheifeiAt Smien^ and about 

•:•..:•■;]-■' four 



four or five a Clock being almoft Ipent with Tiiiift, ^^^^ 
gpt out of the Woods to the Sea fhore, and as weak ^^"^^^"^ 
as he was, fired his Gun for ^ Boat to fetch him, 
which was inamediately done. 

When he came Aboard he gave an Account where- 
about, and in what a condition he left the Captain 
Snd his Men •, but it being then too late to feek him, 
the next Mornii^ very early Mr. Cane and two 
Seamen t^ng Dire8:ions from the Mate (who was 
To fatigued that he could not ftir) where he had left 
the Captain, went afhote, and at length came with^ 
in call of him , and at lafl' found hun la3iid 
down in a Thicket, having juii fenfe to call out 
Ibmetimes, but not ftiei^th eijough to ftand •, fo 
they were forced to carry him to the Seafide. When 
they had a little refrefli'd him with Brandy and Wa* 
ter, he told them how his Company had tainted for. 
Thhft, and drop'd down one aner another, though 
he fiill incouraged them to be chearfol and reft 
themfelves a while, till he got ibme fupplies of 
Wata: for them, that they were very patient, and 
that two of his Men held out till five a Cldck in 
the Afternoon, and then they fainted alio-, but he 
himlelf proceeded in queft of his way till Night ^ 
and then fell down in the jplace where they then 
fouid him. 

The two Seamen carti^ die Captain Aboard, 
while Mr. Cane lurched aboitt for the reft, but to 
no purpole $ for he returned widiout them, and could 
neve hear of them afterwas^ 

This was a warning to me never to ftraggle fioni 
my Conforts in our Huntiiig. But to proceed* 

■> • / 

When my Months Service was up, in which time 
we brought down all the Wood to the Creeks fide, 
I viras pr^fendy pay'd my Tun of Logwood •, with 
which, and fome more ^ that I borrowed, I bought a 
litde novffion, and was afterwards ente]:tained as a 

F f 4 Com- 



fa. i57^. Companion at Work with ibme of my fbrm« 
Matters •, fot they prefently broke up Conibrt-lhips, 
letting the Wood lye till either Mr.WeJi came to 
fetch it, according to bis ContraQ:, or elfe till they 
Ihould otherwile difpofe of it. Some of them 
immediately went to Beefljland to kill , Bullocks 
for their Hides, which they preferve by peggmg 
them out very tite on the Ground, tirft they turn 
the flelhy fide, and after the hair upwards, letthig 
them lye jlo till they are very dry. 3 2 ftrong Pegs 
as big as a Man's Arm, are required to Itretch 
the Hide as it ought to be. Wiien they ar? dry tiiey 
fold tliem in the middle ftojn Head to Tail, with 
the Hair outward ^ ^ then hang ^ them crols a 
ftrong Pole io high that the ends may not touch the 
Ground, 40 or 50 one upon another, -and once in- 
3 Weeks or a Month they beat them with great 
Sticks, to ftrike oft. the. Worm§ that breed in 
tlie Hair, and eat it oiF^^ whigh Ipoils the Hide 
When they are to be (hip'd oft, they foak tiiem in 
fait Water to kill the remaining 'Worms : and while 
they are yet. wet they told them in .4 folds, and 
afterwards Ipread them Abroad ag^in to-dry. Wherv 
they are fully dry, they told them up again^ and 
io fend them Aboard. I ..Wja§ yet. ,a Strjanger to this 
Work, therefore remained with 3 of the-Qld Crew 
to cut more Logwood. 'MyConfortswerg. all three 
Scotch-nieu \ one of them hamed Price Jilortice. had 
Hved there Ibme Year^,. 'and W5s Mjifter ^f a pretty 
large Periago •, for without . Jbtiie iort pf Boat, here 
is no flkring from one place, to another. . The other 
two were ypuug Meii that had been, bred Merchants^ 
viz. Mr. Duncan Campbell ^ and Mr. George ■■ 
Thefe two not liking either the Pkce qrr Epiploy- 
ment, waited an opportunity ..of goh^g 9W?iy by the 
firft Ship that cam? hither to takg ii JU^^^rood. Aq- 
cordmgly .not long after tlje abpve-me^jti/aGted Capt. 
iiall ol iBffiofi^ gam^hitihgr.w tjjat 4efign,.4nd wa? 
'. ' . . ^ fraighted 



fraighted by them with 40 TiWL It was agreed that An. 1676. 
George fliould ftay behind tp^ cut Logwood ^ but ' 
Campbell ^oxA^ go to New-England to lell this Car- 
gQ, and bring back Flower, and liich other Commo^ 
ditiesdut were pjoper to purchafe Hi4esand Log- 
wood' in the Bay. This retarded pur buiinels^ for 
I did oot find frice Morrice very intent at IVork : 
for 'tis like he thought he had Logwood euough. 
And I have partictilarly obferved there, and in other 
Places, that liach as had been well-bred, were gene- 
rally moft careful to iaiprovet^drXime, and would 
be very induftrious and frugal, ivhen th^t was any 
probability of ^onfiderable Gain, Bi?t on the con- 
trary, liich a§ h<ui been^nur'd to hard Labour, and^ot 
their Livipg by thefw?at of their Brows^ when they 
came to have;plenty, would exttavagantly Iquander 
away their Time anji Money in DrinKuig and making 
^Blufter. . 

To. be fhort; Lijept to my Work by my felf, till I 
was hindred by a hard,, red and angry :Swelling like a 
Boyl,/in my right Leg 5 fo painful that I waS fcarce- 
able t^ fl^nd on it : but I wsis direfted to roaft and 
apply the Koots of White Lillies (of which here is 
great, plenty, growing by the. Creek fides) to draw 
it to at head. Tliis.I did three or four Days, without' 
^ny benefit. At laft I perceived two White Specks 
in the- middle of the Boil-, and Iqueezing it, two 
Imall white Worms Ipurted out. , I took them both 
up . in my Hand, ajid perceived each of them to be-. 
inv^Qd%with threc^.Rftws of black, ^hort, ftiffHair, 
ruloniflgf.cleayroiiiisi/.'iiem h oneRo^v near each end y 
the other : i? Ae ?middie : each Row diftinO: from 
gthele h ^od all v^j{ $gtilar and uniform. The Wormsi 
were about the bignels of a Hens Quill, and about, 
thtfee. fourths of an Inch long, 

I nevf r faw Wcjrtps of thi^Iort breed in any Man's 
Fleft). I iide^d Gui/i^a Worms are «. vfry frequent in 
ifiine,Ptaces of -the IVefi Indies^ elpecially at G^r^i 
^...-i f(io\ 



90 Mjwmmgi \MW€. 

«^7<^- fao •, They bieed as well inWhites as Negroes : And 
becaufe that Hland was formerly a Magazin of Ne- 
groes, while the Dutch drove that Trade with the 
Spaniards, and the Neetoes were moft fubje£l to 
them •, 'twas therefore believed that other reode 
toe*: them by Infe£Hon from tliem. I radier ju^e 
^at they are generated by drinking bad Water ^ and 
'tis as likely that die Water of the other Ifland of 
Aruba and bondiry may produce the fime EffeOs ; 
for many 6f thole that went with me from thence to 
Virgmia (mentioned in my former Volume ) were 
troubled with them after our anival there : parti- 
cularly I my felf had one fecoke out in my Ancle, 
ifter I had been there five or fix Months* 

Thele Wc^ms are no bigser than a large brown 
Thread, butTas I have heard; five or fix Yards long 5 
and if it breaKS in drawing out, that part which re- 
mains in theFlefli willputrifie, and be very painful, 
and uidanger the Patients Life 5 or at leadft the uleof 
that Limb: and I have known fomethat have been 
jR:atified and cut ftrangely, to take out the Worm. 
I was in great torment before it came out : my 
Leg and Ancle iwell'd andlook'd very red and angry 5 
and I kept a Plaifler to it, to bring it to a Head. At 
laft drawing off my Plaifter, out came about three 
Inches of the Worm \ and my pain abated prefeitly. 
Till then I was ^norant of my Malady-, and tte 
Gentlewoman, at whole Houle I was, took it for 
* Nerve 5 but I knew well enough what it was, and 

freiently rdrd it up on a finall Stidc After that 
opened it evdry Morning and Evening \ and ftrain^ 
6d it out gently, about two Inches at a tinae, not 
without fome pain, till at length I had got out about 
two Foot. 

Riding with one Mr. Richard/on^ who was going 
to a N^o to teve his Horle cured of a gaird 
Back, I ask'd the Negro if he coidd undertake my 
X^g ; which he did very readUy ^ and in the mean 

time 



time I obfetved his Method in coring the Horftjito. 1^75. 
i^hkh was this. Firft bQ ftrcdi'd the foie Place, then V 
applying to it a little rough Powder, which looked 
like Tobacco Leaves diyM [ and crumbled imall, &l 
cmimbling ihme Words to himielf^ he Hew upon the 
part thre^ times s and waving lus Hands as often 
over it faid, it would be wdl Q)eedily. His Feefef 
the Cure was a White Gock. 

Then coming to me, and looking onthe Worm in 
vof Anclfi, he proncnfed to cure itm three Day% de- 
naanding aljfa z White Cock for his pain% and ufing 
exa8:ly the iame Method whh me, as he dkl with 
the Hor^ He bad me not open it in three Days $ 
butldidnot Aayfb long \ fcnr the next Momhig the 
Qoath being iiibb'd oS^ I unbound it, and fouoi 
tte Worm bcoken cS^ a^idthe Hole^ quite heialed 
up. I was afraid the retpainiidg part would luive 
given ibnaetronUe, but luwe mot felt any pain there 
trom that day to this. 

; Toreturn. itold you ho*v I was interrupted in 
Allowing tniy Work, by the Worms teeeduig in my 
}jGg4 And to comdeat ' my misjR>rtune. prdKaitly 
after wehad the. molt violent Storm,- for above 4 
Hours, thanever was known in thele/Paifts« AnAc^ 
count of whjich lihall give rrk^e partiadarly in my^ 
Idifcourfe of Wixds y and Ihall now orily mention 
fonoe ralfiigeS. . 

I loam: .already (aid, we were £)urof us m Conv 
pany at this. Place cutdug Logwood : and by dus 
Storm were* reduced to great imx^nvenfendesv fot 
while thait lafted vre could diefi no V^haals ;, not 
even now it was over, u4e& we had done k in the 
Canoa ^ £bi . the- higheft Land near us wias abnoft ; 
Foojc iBider Water *, befides, our Provifibn tJDO vms 
molt of it Ipoiled^ except the Beef and Pork, whkh 
Was but little the worie. 

Vh had a good Canoa^-large enoi^ to carry us 
lil ) and ieetng it in vainfto ft^ here anjr longer, we 
;l. !■•■•■'■■ all 



J ^ ^ atl embarked and roweA away to Orre^ujh-Key^ zhovnt 
"* * ^ * 4 Leagues from our Huts. There were 4 Ships riding 
here^ when the Storm began : biit ^ our arrival we 
found only one, and- hop^ to have got fome Refiefh- 
ment ftom it, but found very cold entertainment : 
For we could neither^get Bread nor Punch, nor io 
mttch as a Dramof JRum, though weoflSared them 
Money for it. The Reaion was, they: were already. 
ova:-chirged with lueh /as being diftrefled :by the 
Stomj, had been forced to take Sanftuary with them. 
feeing. \we, could not be liipplied. here, we askal 
which way the otho: tht«e Ships were driven? ttey 
told us that Capt- Froj^ of A^w^fi/^ZzW ^m driven 
towards Triji •, and 'twas ;probable he . was carried 
out td Sea, unlefe -he ftuck on. a SmcJ,;!' trailed the 
MuU& Qrdund ^ tiiat Capt. SAinneroiNem-Ehgland 
was .driven towards. fl^i^yi[^ v arid Captain Q)and- 
Itn hi \.orfion , dime > away: vtow^lds ^Man-ofWar 
hagune. ; '•: v f t 

- BesfJJhtnd lies Nbrrii ^from OneSuJb-Key ^^ but 
the otli^ twa Places lietai little oneachrifidp;: . . One 
tothe Eaft-, the others to the Welti ! So away- 
we went for Beef-I/kmlx ' mi. coming within a 
League of. it, we fawa Flag m the Woods', .made 
feft to a; : iPole- aqd placed . oh the^Top' -of a high 
Tree. • Aiid • coming flill Inear^, ..we at laft iaw a 
Ship in the Woods, about 200 Yards.fipmi tie:Sea. 
We rowed' di»eQiy ctowards Ker^ 'and vtben' we 
camexo fee* Wx)0(teiMfe,[^ found a pretty clear PaC • 
fiige piade "by the Ship, -through . the Woods, ^ the 
Trees fceirig all broke, down 4 -Andjahoufc three Foot 
Watef JHome to the/9ii|).i We rowed. ih\withour 
Canoaiy' and went: -Aboardi, and were, kindly Enter- 
tained by r the Seamen : but the Captain -was gonai 
Aboard fcaptaui ProM^ who ftuck faft on the middle 
Ground before-mentioned. . Captain , Prou^s Ship 
was afterwatdsgotoff again.^ but the Stumps of 
the Tr{?es tap clear throu^ the bottom.of Captain 

Sfunner's 



Skinner^ ^^xhsxphit there was no hope of fiving her. An. i6'j6. 
Here we got Viftuals and Punch, and' flayed about Lx-vxj 
two; Hours, in which time the' Captain came Aboard^ 
and invited us to ,ftay all Night. But hearing ibme 
Guns fired in 'Man-ofWar Lra^une^ we concluded 
that Captain Chandler v^zs, thete^' and wanted af 
fiftance. Therefore v^e ptefendy rowed away 
thither i for we could do no Service here : and before 
Night found him alio ftuck' faif on a Point of 
Sand. The Head of his Ketch was dry, and at the 
Stern, there was above 4 Foot Witer.; Out coming 
was very fealbnable to Capta^tii CW^/i';',, with 
whom we flayed two Days': 'In which time we * 
got out all his GQ9ds,carried;oiF "his ^chor, ©"r. and 
jR) not being abledsYet to do' hihi tt\ore Service, we 
left him for the 'prefeht, and went*': away -to hunt 
at Beeflftand. '■ '; ' • '' '- 

' At Triji wete four Veflels riding before thi^ 
Storm-, one of them was driV^^pff to Seat , and 
nevef heard of after v^rards. Another was caft dry 
upon the ftiore, :^^here (he lav and Was never got 
off again: But the third rode it/bilt; ^Another was . 
riding without the Bar of Tr//?, and flie put to 
Sea, and got to ^ew-England x,;\mt much fhattered/ 
About three days before this Storm began, a ffnall 
Veflcl, Commanded by Captairt. Vally^^ went hence, 
hovxAto Jamaica.' This Veflel "was given for loft 
by all the Logwood-Cutters ::buf about 4 Months 
after flie returned thither again '^ 'iaiTd' the Captaiti 
laid he felt nothing of the Storm> byt when he wa* 
about 30 Leagues to Wind-ward of ^tft^ he had a 
ftefti(S;^;^?;^?j/?;7/^#7;7^ that carried him as high as 
Cap^ Condecedo •, but all the time he Civy^ very bladk 
Clouds to the Weft ward, • ' "". ' . ' 

. BeefJjland is about 7 Leagues' jpftg*' and 3 oir 4I 

broad. It lies in length Eaft and Wefti "' 'The Eaft end 

looks toivard the Ill^nd Trjji \^' and is low drowned 

Land:, and neat the Sea producetlv nothing- but 

'^ '' white 



An.t4j6. white and black Mangrove-Trees. The North fide 
lies open .to the Main Sea, running ftrai^t from 
Eaft to Weft. The Eaftermoft part for about three 
Leagues from Triji is Low and Mangrovy ^ at the 
€nd of which there is a fnniall lalt Creek, deep enough 
at high Water for Boats to pais. 

From this Creek to the Weft end , is 4 Leagues 
jiU iandy Bay,dofed on the backfide wiA a low &nd- 
bank, abounding with thick jprickly Bulhes, like a 
White-thorn ^ bearing a whitiin hard Shell-Fruit, & 
big as a Sloe, much . like a Calla-bafh. The Weft 
end is walhed with the Riv^ St. P^/^r St. PW. 
Hiis end is over-grown with red Mangroves. About 
J Leagues up from the Moutii of this River fhoots 
Jordia finalfBranck runnmg to the Eaflward, and 
dividing Beefljland fi)rm the Main on the South, and 
afterwards makes a great Lake of ftefli Water , 
called frejh Water Lagune. This afterward falls 
into a Salt Lake^ called Man-ofWar hagune^ 
which emptys it iof into haguna Termina^ atom 2 
Leagues from the S. E Point of the Ifland. 

l^e iniide or middle of this Ifland is a Savannah, 
bordered all round with Trees, moft Mangrovy ^ 
either black, white or red, with fbme Logwood. 

The South fide, between the Savannahs and the 
Mangroves, is very rich. Sometu»es this Land lyes 
in Ridges nigher than the Savannahs. 

The Savannahs produce plenty of long Grafs, and 
the Ridges curious high fioutiihing Trees of (fivers 
forts. 

The Fruits of this Ifland are, Venguim^ bodi red 
and yellow , Quavers , SapadUloes , Limes , 
Oranges^ &C. Thefe laft but lately planted here by 
a Colony of Indians ^ who revolted from the Spa- 
niards and fettled here. 

It is no new thing for the Indians in thefe Woody 
Parts of America^ to flv away whole Towns at 
once, and lettle themlelves in the unfrequented 

Woods^ 



Woods, to enioy their Freedom 5 and if they zt^Afi.i6j€. 
accidentally diicovered,±ey wfll remove again^which^^nrsi 
they can eafily doj their Houfhold-Goods being 
litde elfe but then: Cotton Hammacks, and their 
Gillabafhes. They build every Man his own Houle> 
and tye up their flammacks between two Trees ^ 
wherem they fleep till their Houfes are made. The 
Woods afford them Ibme Subfiftence, as Pecary and 
Warree •, but they that are thus ftroling (or moroon- 
ing^ as the Spaniards call, it) have nantain-Walks 
t^t no Man knows, but themfelves^ and ftom 
thence they have their Food, till they have railpd 
Plantation-rrovifion near their New-built Towa 
TTiey clear no more Ground than what they aftually 
employ for their Subfiftence. They make no Paths ; 
but when they go far from Home j they break now 
and then a Bough •, lettui^ it hang down s which 
ierves as a Mark to guide them ia their return. If 
tfiey happen to be difcovered by other Indians, inha- 
biting Itill among the Spaniards,or do but miftruft it, 
they immediately ihift their Quarters to another 
Place* This large Country affording them good 
fit Land enough, and very Woody, and therefore a 
proper San£biary for them. 

It was Ibme of thefe fugitive Indians that came 
to live at J3f^jy7jWiwhere,befides gaining their Free- 
dom from the Spaniards, they might fee their Friends 
and Acquaintances, that had been taken fome tim^ 
before by the Privateers, and Ibid to the Logwood- 
Cutters, with whom Ibme of the Women lived ftiU^ 
thou^ othas of them had been conduced by them 

to their own Habitations. *— ' It was thefe 

Women after their return made known the kind 
Entertainment that they met with ftom the Englifti ^ 
and perlwaded their Friends to leave their Dwellings 
near the Spaniards, and fettle on thislfland^ and 
they had been here almoft a Year before they were 
difcovered by the Englilh ; and even then were acci- 
dentally 



96 um-uimaAmmu. 

An. 1676. dentally found out by .the Hunters, as they follow- 
ed their Game. They were not very fliy all the time 
I lived there y but I know that upon the leaft dilgufl 
they would have been gone. 

The Animals of this Ifland are, Squajhes in^ abun- 
dance, 'Borcupines^ Guanoes^ Pojfomes^ Pecary^ Deer^ 
Uorfes ind Horn Cattle. 

This Illand does properly belong to John cTAcofta^ 
a Spaniard of Cj/^/^tfcft^ ToWn, who poflels'd it 
when the Englifh firft came hither to cUt Logwood. 
His Habitarion was then at the Town o? Carftpeachy • 
but in the dry Sealbn he ufed to come hither in a 
Bark, with ux or feven Servants^ and fpend two 01: 
three Months m Hpckfing and killing Cattle, only 
for their Hides and Tallow. . 

The Englifh Logwood-Cutters happened once to 
come hither, whilft John (TAcoJla was there ^ and he 
hearing their Guns , rtiade towatds them, and 
defired them to forbeat firing •, becaafe it would make 
the Cattle wild -, but told them that at any tinie when 
they Wanted Beef, if they fent to him he would hox 
as many as they pleafed, and bring the Meat to their 
Canoas. The Englifti thankfully accepted his Offer j 
and did never after flioot his Cattle ^ but fent to 
him, when they wanted : and he ( according, to his 
Promife) liipplied them. This created him fo much 
Friendfllip, that they intended when they return- 
ed to Jamaica , to bring him a Prefent, and Goods 
alfbto Trade withhim^ which would hawbeen 
very Advantagious to both Parties : but fome of 
his Servants acquainted the Townfinen of it, at 
his return to Campeachy. ' And they being jealous of 
the Englifh, and envying him, complained to the 
Governour •, who prelently cafl him into Prifbn, 
where he renfiained many Years : This happened 
about the Year 71 or 72. Thus the Projeft of* 
Trading with the Englifh mifcarried here ^ and John 
d^Acojia was forced to relinquifh his Right of this 

plealant 



lant and profitable Ifland, leaving it wholly to the^,,^,^^ 
JEngUfli I for neither he nor any other Spaniard ever * 
came hidiet afterward to hocks Cattle, 

This way of Hockling Bullocks feems peculiar to 
iheSpamardsy elpecially to thofe that live here^ 
abouts, who are very dextrous at it. For this Reafort 
fowQ of thetti are conftantly employed in it all the 
Year ^ and fo become very expert. Hie Uockfer is 
inounted od a good Horfe, bred up to the Sport § 
ivbo knows lb well when to advance or retreat upon 
ctC3£o\ that the Rider has no trouble to manage 
him. His Arms is a Hockling Iron^ which is made 
iH the Ihape of a Half Moon, and from, one corner 
tcx the other is about d or 7 Inches -, with a very 
Iharp Edpe. ;. 

This Con is faftned by a Socket to a Pole about 
'14 or 15 Foot long. When the Hockfer is mtounted^ 
he lays the Pole over the Head of his Horfe, with 
the Iron forward, and then. Rides after his Game 5 
and having overtaken it>ftrikeshis Iron juft above the 
Hock, and Hamftrings it. Tlie Horfe prefently 
wheels oflF to the left ^ for th^e wounded 6eaft 
makes at him prc£uitly with all his force *, but he 
icampers away a gooddilbince before becomes about 
again. If the HamSxing is not quite cut afunder with 
the ftroke, yet the Bullocks by continual Ipringing 
^ cut his L?g, certainly breaks it ^ and then can 
go but on three Leg$, yet ftill limps forward to be 
revei^jed on his Enemy* Then the Hockfer 
Rides up Ibftly to him |> and ftrikes his Iron into 
the Knee of one of his fore Legs ^ and then he 
inmiediately tumbles down* He gets off his Horfe^ 
and taking a Ihafp-pointed ftrong Knife, fliike^ 
it into liis Pole, a little behind the Horns , fo 
dextroufly that at one blow he cuts the firing of his 
Neck •, and down falls his Head. This they call 
Voling. Then the Hockfer immediately Mounts, and 
fi]de$ a^ sooiQ Game, leaving th^ otha to th^ 
, ' Gg Skbngrs 



^o 



T W V&k JL*JIVlA%rt*' w^'^^wryjf^ wwwwww 'mrwmwww^r^ 



Anil 676. Skinners, who are at hand, and ready, to take offif 
his Hide. #f 

The right Ear of the Hockfing^Horle^ bjr the 
weight of the Pole lay'd conftantly over it when 
on Duty, hangs down always, by> which you may 
kriow it from other Hor les. 

The Spaniards pick and chufe only ithe Bulls and 
old Cows, and leave the young Cattle to breed • by 
which means they always preferve their Stock entire* 
On the contrary, the Engltfh and French fcill without 
diftinftion ^ yea, the young rather tiiaii the old ^ 
without regard of keeping up their Stock. Jamaica 

a remarkable Inftance of this our Folly, in this 
^articular. For when it. was firft taken by the E/^- 
/(/^,the Savannahs were well ftock'd with Cattl&j^but 
were loon all deftroyed by out Soldiers, who iuftered 
great Hardfliips afterwards for it : and it was never 
flock'd again till Sir Thomas Linch was Goverriour. 
He fent to Cuba for a liipply of Cattle^ which are 
now grown very plentiful y becaiife- every Man 
knows his own proper Goods. Whereas before, 
when there was fio Property, each Man deftroyed 
as- faft as he could. The French (I think) are greater 
Deftroyers than the £;>7^///J. • ' • 

Had it not been for the great care of the Sjpa' 
niards^ in Stocking the Weft Indies with Hogs and 
Bullocks, the Privateers muft have ftarved. But 
nov^ the Main, as well as the Iflands^ is plentifiilly 
provided ^ particularly the Bay of Campeachy^ the 
Iflands of Cuba^ Pines^ Htfpaniola^ l^ortaricay fica 
Where, befides wild Hogs, there are abuHdance of 
Crawls or Hog-ferms •, in Ibme of which, I have 
heard, tliere are no lefs than 1 500. This was the 
ftiain Subfiftence of the Privateers. 

But to return again to Beefljland. Our Englijh 
Hunters have much lelFened the numbers of the Cat- 
tle there. And thofe that are left, by conftant Ihoot- 
ing, are now growo fo wild and dilperate, that it 

.is 



ijongi^ m Hunting. 99 ^ 

is dangerous for a fingle Man to tire at them, or to ^n. i6j^* ' 
venture through the Mvannahs, For the old Bulls ^•'^"V^i* 
that have been formerly fliot, will make at him : 
and they will all draw up in Battalia to defend them- 
felves upon our approach -, the old Bulls in the 
Front -, behind them the Cows, in the lame manner 5 
and behind them the young Cattle. And if we 
ftrive to wheel about to get in the Reer, the Balls 
will certainly face about that way, and ftill prefent . 
a Front to us. Therefore we feldom ftrive to fhoot 
any out of a great Herd •, but walk about in the 
Woods, clofe by the Savannah -, and there we light 
of our Game. The Beaft makes direfltlv at the 
Hunter, if it be defperately wounded, (as 1 have ex- 
perienced my felf ) but if but flightly, they com- 
monly run away. The old Hunters tell us, that a 
Cow is more dangerous of the two ^ becaufe, they 
fay, (he runs at her Enemy with her Eyes open ^ 
but the Bull fhtits his, lb that you may eafily avoid 
him. But this I cannot affirm upon my own know- 
ledge,and rather doubt the truth of it^for I knew one 
flirewdly gor'd by a Bull. He was a Conlbrt with 
tAi. Barker^ in the WeftLagune ^ where having 
. tir'd themfelves with cutting Logwood,they took an 
occafion to go in their Canoa to BeeflJJand^ to re- 
fiefh themfelves there a Fortnight or three Weeks ^ 
becaufe here were feveral forts oi Fruits, and plenty 
of Cabbage to eat with then: Irefh Beef^ which 
they could not fail to meet with. They came to a 
Place call'd the Salt Creek •, and there built them a 
Hut. About 4 a Clock while Mr. Barker lay down 
to fleep„ his Contort march'd out into the Savannah^ 
about a Mile from their Huts ^ and there coming 
within fhot of a Bull, wounded him defperate- 
ly •, but yet the Bull had ftill lo much fttength left 
as to purfue and overtake his Adverlary, trampling 
OH him 5 and goring his Thigh, fo that he was not able 

G g 2 to 



An. 1676.^^ ^^^^' 'Th^ ^^^1 ^y ^s time was; Ipent, and fell 
down dead bv him : . And. there the Man had alio 
perifhed, if Mr. Barker had not come the next 
Morning to leek him ^ who finding him by the dead 
Beaft, took him on his Back, and lug'd him home 
to their Hut. The nextday he put him in his Canoa 
and delivered him aboard a Ship, into the hands of 
a Surgeon, who cured him in a little time. 

I told you we left Capt Chandler^ with a defign 
of going to Beef-IJland, to fpend Ibme time in Hun- 
ting at Fies Vond^ before-mentioned. But before we 
came thither we went aftiore to kill a Beef for Sup- 
per 5 where I was furprized with an odd accident 
Baffing through a finall Savannah, about 2 or 3 Foot 
deep, we fmell'd a ftrong fcent of an Alligator -, 
and prefently after I ftumbled over one, and fell 
down immediately. I cry'd out for help: but my 
Conforte, infteadof affifting me, ran away towards 
the Wood. I had no fboner got up to follow them, 
but I ftumbledon hinva fecond time •, and a third 
time alio : expefting ftill when I fell down to be 
devoured. Yet at laft I§ot out lafe ^ but fo frighted 
that I never cared foe going through the Water again 
as long as I was in the Bay.. 






CHAl?. 



ioi 



C HA P. IV. 

the Biver St. Peter St. Paul. The Momtain- 
Caw and Hippopatamu$. Tobafco Ifland. Gud* 
vers. Tobafco RW. Manatee. Villa de 
Moia. Eftapa. Halapo. Tacatalpode Sierra. 
SmaU Bees. Indians. fartiBos. Pofok. Cotton 

' Garments. Earfy Marriages^ towns. Fejii^ 
vols. Shape and Features. 

TH E River St.Peter St.PauI iprings from the 
high Mountains of Chiapo^^hout 2oLeagues 
within the Country , which are fb called ftom 
a City not far diftant. Its firft Courfe is 
Eafterly for a confiderable length, till it meets with 
Mountains on that fide : then it turns IJiort about 
Northward, till within 12 Leagues of the Sea, 
And lafthr, it divides its felf into two Branches. 
The Wdtern Branch falls into the River Tobafco ; 
the other keeps its Courfe till within 4 Leagues of 
the Sea ^ then divides it felf again. The Eaftermoft 
of thefe Branches feparates Beef -Ifland from the 
Main ^ and falls into Man-ofWar Lagune^ as is before 
related. The other ke?ps it Courfe and Name, till 
it falls into the Sea, between Beef Ifland and To- 
hafcoAfland ^ whpre it is no btoader than the Thames 
at Gravefend, There is a Bar at its Entrance, but 
of what depth I know not ^ over Which finall Vef 
iels may pafi well enough l>y the Benefit of the; 
Tide. It is both deeper and broader after you are 
in J for there it is 1 5 or 1 6 Foot Water , and very 
good Riding. By Keport of the Privateers who 
have been up this; River, it is very broad before it 

Ggj parts J 



An. 1676. parts^Sc beyond that farther in the Country^has divers 
laige Indian Towns built on its Banks : the chief of 
which is called Summa/e/ita •, and many large Cacao 
and Plantain-walks : the Soil on each fide bemg 
very Fruitful, The unmanur'd Land is overgrown 
with lofty Trees of many Ibrts, elpecially the 
Cotton or Cabbage ^ of the latter there are whole 
Groves •, and in fome Places (efpecially a little way 
ftom the Rivers fide) great Savannahs full of Bul- 
locks, Horfes 5 and other Animals ^ amongft 
which the Mountain Cow ( called by the Spaniards 
Ay^te) is moft remarkable. 

ThisBealt is a3 big as a Bullock of two Years old, 
Jt is Ihaped like a. Cow in Body ^ but her Head 
much bigger. Her Nole is fhort, and the Head 
more compaQ: and round. She has no Horns. Her 
Eyes are round, full, and of a prodigious fize. She 
has gieat Lips, but not lb thick as the Cows Lips. 
Her Ears, are in proportion to the Head, rather 
broader than thofe of the Common Cow. Her 
Neck is thick and fhort. Her Legs alio fhorter than 
ordinary. She has a pretty long Tail ^ thin of Hairs, 
and no Bob at the end. ohe has courle thin Hair all 
over her Body. Her Hide is near two Inches thick. 
Her Flefh is red : The Grain of it very fine. The 
Fat is white, and altogether it is Iweet wholfom 
Meat. One of them will Weigh 5 or 600 Weight. 

This Qeature is always found in the Woods near 
fome. large River-, and feeds on a fort of long thin 
Grals, or Mols, which grows plentifully on the 
Banks of Rivers : but never fee^ in Savannahs, 
or Paftures of good Graft, as all other Bullocks do, 
Wh?n her Belly is full, fhe lyes down to fleep by the 
brink of the River •, and at the leafl Nolle Hips into 
the Water: where finking down to the bottom, tho^ 
very deep, fhe walks as 00 dry Ground. She can- 
r^ot lun faft, therefore never rambles far from the 
River •, for there fhe always takes Sanftuary, in cafe 

of 



of* danger. There is no fhooting pf her, but when ^^^' 
fhe is afleep, . ' , ^^ 

. They are found, befides this Place, in the Rivers 
in the Bay of Honduras v. and on all the Main 
from thence as hi^h as the River of Darienl Se- 
veral of. my Conlorts ha.ve kilrd them there, and 
knew their Track,which I my lelf faw in the Ifthmus 
of Durieny but fhould not. have known it, but as I 
was told by them. For I never did fee one, nor 
the Track of any but once. The Imprcffion in the 
Sand, feemed much like the Track of a Cow, but 
I was well affured that none of .our common Cows 
could live in that. Place: neither are there . any near 
it by many Miles. 

My Conforts then gave me this Relation , and 
fince I have ha4 the fame ftom other Englifli-men 
as well as Spaniards. 

Having mew'd the fore-going Defcription to a 
Perlbn of Honour, he was pleafed to fend it to a 
Learned Friend in Holland:^ ftom whom he received 
thisAnfwer. 

SIR, 

THE Account 1 have of this Taper from the 
Englifh Minifter at Leyden is thk. The De^ 
fcription of your Sea-Cow, agrees with the Hippopo- 
tamus kept here Jo exaSly^ that I take them to be 
Creatures of the fame kind. Only this here at Ley- 
den k bigger than any Ox. For the Eyes^ Ears and 
Hair^ nothing can be/aid^ fencing thk Skin wants all 
thefe. The^ Teeth are worth noticing^ which are very 
large ^ and fir m^ and fine as any Ivory. 

I have /poke with a very Intelligent Per/on^ Kmf: 
man to tie B^rgomafter of Leyden, who having had 
that Hippopotamus (as they callit) prefentedtqhim^ 
made aPrefent thereof to the Univerfity : who having . 
viewed that Skin very wellj^aith^lt's much bigger than 



An i6i6 y^^ ^^ yours^ and cannot voeigh lefs than $ne 
' }ThoufandWeight. 

Let me add of mine dton^ that perhaps they are 
p-eater^ about the Cape oi Good Hope ^ myence 
that of Leydeji came. And feeing there are no 
Horns ^ perhaps it may m well be called a River-Horte^ 
Oi a River-Cow : But for that^ it muft bear the de- 
pomination given it by the ¥eople of the Vlace where 
they are \ which mcy be different in Africa and Ame- 
rica. 

But what he fays of her finking to the bottom in 
deep Rivers^ and walking there^ // he adds^ what I 
think hefuppofes^ thatfhe rifes again ^ and comes on 
the Land ^ / much quejtion. For that fuch a huge 
Body jJoQuld raife it felf up again (though I knov^ 
Whales and great ftfherc^n and do ) tranfcends the 
faith of IjHI . 

I readily acknowledge, there is fome relemblance 
between this Mountain-Cow of America^ and the 
African Hippopotamus -, but yet am of Opinion that 
they muft needs be of a different Species : for the 
Mountain-Cow is never known to fwim out to Sea, 
nor to be found near it ^ and isnOt above half lb big ^ 
and has no long Teeth. But for further fatisfa£kion, 
I have here inferted two Accoiflits of the African 
Hippopotamus^ as they were fent ^ the one to the 
Honourable Perfon before-mentioned, from Captam 
Covent of Torbury^ hear Brifiol^ ^ Gentleman of 
great Ability and Experience, as virell as known In* 
tegrity, who ufed to Trade to Ajigola : Tlie other 
to my felf, from mjr worthy Friefid Captain R^^^?)-^, 
fis he has feen them in the JRiver Natal^ in the La- 
titude of 30 on the Eaft fide of the Cape of Good 
.pope. ' ; ^ 

The Se^-Horfe's Head, Ears and Npftrils are like 
€ur Horfes -, with a ftiort Tafl and L^s-And hisFobt-^ 
^eps inth? Sand like aHories j but 3ie Body a|x)ve 

twice 



twice as big. He grafes on the fliore, and dungs Aj. 157(5; 
ly^e a Horfe, Is of a dark-brown, but gliftering in 
the Water. His pace is but flow on the fhore ^ in 
the Water more Iwift. He there feeds on finall Fifli 
and what he can get ^ and will go down to the bot- 
tom in 3 Fathom Water. For I have watch'd him 5 
and he hath ftaid above half an hour before he arofe. 
He is very mifehievousto white Men. I have known 
him open his Mouth and fet one Tooth on the 
Gunnel of a Boat , and another on the fecond Strake 
from the Keel (which was more tha[n4Foot diftant) 
and there bit a hole through the Plank, and liink 
the Boat -, and after he had done, he wentaway 
Ihakmg his Ears. His ftrength is incredibly great ; 
for J have feenhim in the Wafti of the fhore, when 
the Sea has tolled in a Dutch-matfs Boat, with 14 
Hogflieadsof Water in her, upon the laid Beaft^ 
and left it dry on his Back : and another Sea came 
and fetch'd the Boat off ^ and the Beaft was not 
hurt;as far as I could perceive.Howhis Teeth grow in 
his Mouth I could not lee y only that they were 
round like a Bow •, and about 16 Inches long ^ and 
in the biggeft part more than 6 Inches about. We 
made leveral met at him •, but to no purpofe •, for . 
tliey would glance from Wm as from a Wall. The 
Natives call him a Kittimpungo^ and lay he is Fe- 
rrffb^ which is a kind of a God •, for nothing, they 
^ay can kill him : And if they Ihoulddo to him, as 
the White Men do, he would foon deftroy their Ca- 
noas and Filhing-Nets. Thek Cuftom is when he 
comes near their Canoas, to throw him Fi(h ^ and 
then he pafleth away, and will not meddle with 
their Filhing-Craft. He doth moft mifchief whoji 
he can ftand on the Ground ^ but when a-float, hath 
only power to bite. As our Boat once lay near the 
fhore, r law him go under her, and with his Back 
lift her out of the Water ^ and over-let her with 6 
Men aboard :> but, asit happened, did them no harm. 

Whilft 



An. 1676. Whilft we lay in the Road we had three of them, 

^i^^V^ which did trouble this Bay every Full and. Change, 

and two or three Days after, the Natives fiy, they 

go together, two Mdes and one Female. Their Noife 

is much like the bellowing of a large Calf 

This Remark was made of a Sea-Horfe at Ijoango^ 
inthe Year idP5. 

Capain RogerV. Letter. 

SIR, 

TH E Hippopotafmus or Se?t-Horfe, lives as well 
on Land as in the Sea or in Rivers. It is Jha- 
fed much like an Ox^ hut bigger 'i^ weighing I'^oo or 
itfooL This Creature is very full bodied^ and co- 
vered with Hair of a Moufe Colour •, thick^ fhort 
and of a very beautiful fleeknefs^ when he jirfi comes 
out of the Water. The Head is flattifh on the top. 
It has no Horns : but large Lips^ a wide Mouth and 
flrong Teeth -, four of which are longer than the 
reft^ (viz.) two in the upper Jaw ^ one on each fide : 
and two more in the under : Thefe laji ar,e four or 
five Inchles long ^ the other two are Jhorter. It has 
large broad Ears ; great goggle Eyes ^ and is very 
mick fight ed. It has a thick Neck •, andftrong Legs^ 
ut weak Hoot locks. The Hoofs of his Feet are Cloven 
in the middle : Andit has twofmall Hoofs above the 
Yootlock^ which bending to the Ground when it goes^ 
make animpreffionon the Sand like four Claws. His 
Tail is fhort and tapering^ like a Swine s ^ without 
any Bob at the end. This Beafl is commonly fat and 
very good Meat. Itgrafeth afhore in wet fwampy 
Ground near Rivers or Ponds ^ but retires to the 
Water ^ if purfued. When they are in the Water^ 
they will fink down to the bottom 5 and there walk as 
on dry Ground. They will run almoji asfafl as a Man : 
but if chafed hard^ they will turn about and look very 
fierce^ like a Boar ^ and fight if put to it. The JSIa- 

tives 



I 



tlves of the Country have no Wars with thefe Crea- An. 1676. 
ttires •, hut we had many ConfliSs with them^ both on' ^^ *' 
Shore and in the Rivers : and though we commonly 
got the better by killing fome^ and routing the reji • 
yet in the Water we durft not mole ft, them^ after one 
Bout •, which had like to have p'oved fatal to 3 Men 
that went in a fmall Canoa to kill a Jingle Sea- 
Uorfe^ in a River where was S or 10 Foot Water. 
TheUorfe^ according to his Cufiom^ was marching 
in the bottom of the River •, andbeing efpiedby thefe 
Men^ they ixioundedhim with along hance ^ which fo 
enraged the Beaft^ that he rofe up immediately^ and 
giving a fierce look^ he opened his Jaws and bit a 
great piece of the Gunnal or upper edge of the Canoa^ 
and was like to overfet it , but prefently Junk down 
again to the bottom : and the Men made away as 
faft as they could^ for fear he fhould come agaim 

The Weft Branch of the River St. ^eter St. Taul^ 
after it has run 8 or p Leagues N. W, lofeth it felf 
in Tobafco River, about 4 Leagues from the Seajand 
fo makes the Ifland Tobafco^ vnhkh is 1 2 Leagues 
long, aud 4 broad at the North end : for from the 
River St. IPeter St. Raul^ to the mouth of Tobafco 
River, is accounted 4 Leagues, and the Shore lies 
Eaft and Weft. 

The firft League on the Eaft is Mangrove-Land^ 
v^ith lome Sandy Bay, where Turtle come afhore to 
lay their Eggs. 

The Weft part of it is Sandy Bay quite to the Ri- 
ver Tobafco. But becaufe here is comlantly a great 
Sea, vou have no good Landing till within ^q River,. 
The N. W. part of it is full 01 Guaver Trees^ of the 
greateft variety, and their fruit the largeft and beft 
tafted I have met with •, and 'tis really a very deli- 
cious place. There are alio Ibme Coco-Plums and 
Grapes^ but not many. The Savannahs here are na- 
toally fenced with droves of Guavers, and produce 
i . good 



io5 Towttco Kiver. 

An.i6i6. good Graft for Pafture, and are pretty well (locked 
OnirSi* with &l Bullocks : and I do believe it is from their 
eating the Guaver Fruit that thefe Trees are 16 thick. 
FoT this fruit is fiill of finall feeds^which being Iwal- 
lowal whole by the Cattle, ate voided whole by 
them again i and then taking root in their Dnng, 
:^ing up abundantly. 

Here are alio D^ in great numbers ^ thcfe we 
conftantly find feeding in the Savannahs Mornings 
and Evenings. And I remember an unlucky Accident 
whilft I was there. Two or three Men went out one 
Evening purpofely to hunt ^ when they were in the 
foots of Savannahs, they feparated to ^find their 
Game, and at laftit lb happened, that one of them 
fired at a Deer and killed it, and while he was skm- 
% ning it, he was (hot ftark dead by one of his Con- 
Ibrts, who fired at him, miftaking him for a Deen 
The poor Man was very ibny for lb lad a mifchance^ 
and tor fear of the dead Man's Friends, durft never 
go back again to Jamaica. 

The River oiTobafco is the moft noted in all the 
Bay of Campeachy^ and iprings alfo- fix)m the high 
Mountains of C&/^^-, but much more to the Weft- 
ward than that of St. Teter St. FauL From thence 
it runs N. E. till within 4. Leagues of the Sea, wher^ 
it receives the fore-mentioned Branch of St. Feter 
St. Paui^ and then runs North till it falls into the 
Sea. Its Mouth is about two MUes wide, and there 
is a Bar of Sand lying off it, with not above 1 1 
or 1 2 foot Water s, but a Miile or two within the 
Mouth, at a nook of bending of the River on the 
. Eaft-fide there is three Fathom, and good Riding^ 
without any danger from the ftrength of the Cur- 
rent. The Tide flows up about four Leagues in the 
dry Seafon, but in the Rains not fo far •, for then 
• the Frelhes make the Ebb run very ftrong. 

During the Norths it over-flows all the low Land 

for 



for 14 or 15 Leagues up the River,and you may then Aji:\6)4. 
take up ftefh Water without the Bar. 

This River^ near its Mouthy abounds with Cat* 
fifh, with Ibme Snooks^ and Manatee in great plen- 
ty -, there being good feeding for them in many of 
its Creeks, efpecially in one place on the Starbord 
fide about 2 Leagues from the Sea, which runs in- 
to the Land 2 or 300 paces, and then opens very 
wide, and is lb (hoal that you may fee their backs 
above Water as they feed-, a thing fo rare, that I 
have lieard our Musket omen lay, they never law it 
any where elfe : On the leaft noife they will all 
tamper out into the Rwer : yet the Musketomen 
fcldom mils of ftriking them. Thefe are a Ibrt oJF 
Frelh-water Manatee^ not altogether lb big as the 
Sea kind, but otherwife exafUy alike in (hapc and 
taft, and I think rather fatter- The Land by the 
Rivers, clpecially on tne Staibpfd fide^ is fwampy, 
and over-grown with Trees. 

Here are alfo abundance of Land^Turtle, the laig- 
eft that I ever law, till 1 came to the Gallafagoi 
Iflands in the S. Seas •, viz. Mangroves^Macaws^ and 
other Ibrts that I know not. In iovoQ places^near 
the River fide, further up the Country, are Ridge$ 
of dry Land, foil of lofty Cabbage and Cotton Trees, 
which make a very pleafintLandskip. There is no 
Settlement within 8 Leagues of the River's Mouth, 
and then you come to a finall Breaft-work, where 
there is commonly a Spaniard with 8 or s Indians 
ported on each fide the River, to watch for Boats 
coming that way : And becaufe there are divers , 
Creeks running in from the Savannahs^fome of ^efe 
Sentinels are lo placed in the Woods, that they may 
look into the Savannahs •, for fear of being furprized 
on the back fide : Yet for all their caution, thele 
Sentinels were fiiap'dhy Captain Nevii^ Commander 
of a finall Brigantine^ in a fecond Expedition that 
he made to take the Town called Villa de M^^* His 

firft 



An. t6i6. firft Attempt mifcarried by his being difcovered. But 
the fecond time he got into a Creek, a League below 
thefe Sentinels, and there dragging his Canoas over 
Ibme Trees that were laid crols it, purpofely to hin- 
der his paflage , he came in the night upon their 
backs in their feveral Pofts ^ fo that the Town, ha- 
ving no notice of his coming by their firing as they 
fliould have done, was taken without any refifiance. 
; Villa de Mofe is a fmall Town ftandmg on the 
Starbord fide of the River, four Leagues beyond this 
Breaft-work- 'Tis inhabited chiefly by Indians^ with 
Ibme Spaniards : there is a Church in the middle , 
and a Fort at the Weft end, which coijnmands the 
River. Thus far Ships come to bring goods, elpe- 
cially European Commodities ^ viz. Broad-cloth, 
Serges, Perpetuana's, Kerfies, Thred-Stodkings, Hats, 
Cteenbrigs, white and blew, Ghentins, PlatiUoes, Bri- 
tannias, Hollandilloes, Iron-work, iffc^ They arrive 
here in November or December^ and ftay til}. June 
ox July ^ felling thek Conimodities-, and then load 
chiefly wifh Cacao^ and Ibme Sylvejier. All the 
Merchants and petty Traders of the Country Towps 
come hither about Chrifimas to Traflick, which 
makes this Town the chiefeft in all thefe parts. Cam- 
peachy excepted •, yet there are but f^w Rich M^n 
that live here. Sometimes Ships that come hithpr 
load Hides and Tallow, if they cannot fiaight with 
Cacao. But the chiefeft place for Hides is a Towij 
lying on a Branch of .this River, that comes out a 
League below the Breaft-work, where $panijh Barks 
ulually lade once a year ^ but I can give no further 
account of it. Four Leagues beyond Villa de Moje^ 
fiirther up the River, lies Ejlapo^ inhabited partly 
vfixh Spaniards^ hut moQ. Indians^ as generally the 
Towns in this Country are : it's laid to be pretty 
rich •, ftands clofe by the River, on the South fide, 
aad is lb built between two Creeks, that there is 
but one Avenue leading to it ^ and lb well guarded 

with 



> > • X 



111 



tvith a Breaft-wprk, that Capai/? Hevoet a Privateer^^wa^y^. 
iivho had under him near 200 Men, was tliefe re-^ 
pulfed, lofing many of them, andhimfelf wounded 
in the Leg. lo his way thither he took Villa de Mofe^ 
and left a Party there to fecure his Retreat. If he 
had taken Efiapo^ he defigned to pafs on to 'Ualpo^ 
a Rich Town, three Leagues farther up the River^ 
and from thence to vifit Tacatalpo^ lying 3 or ^ 
' Leagues beyond, which is accounted the wealthier 
of the three : the Spaniards call it Tacatalpo cle Si- 
erra : whether to diftiiiguilh it from another Town 
of that name, or to denote its nearnefs to the Moun- 
tains, I know not TTis the bell Town on this River, 
having three Churches, and leveral Rich Merchants- 
and between it and Villa de Mofe are many large 
Cacao Walks on each fide the River. 

I have leen a fort of white Cacao brought fiom 
hence, which I never met with any where elfe. It 
is. of the fandebignels and colour on the outfide, and 
with'luch a thin husky Coat as the other ^ but the 
inner iiibftance is white, like fine Flower ^ and when 
the outward Coat is broken,* it crumbles as a lump 
of Rower doth. Thofe that fiequent the Bay call it 
S^ma^ and affirm that it is much ufed by the Spa- 
niards of thofe parts, to make the^ Chocolate frotli, 
who therefore iet a great value on it. But I never 
yet met with any in England :xhzt knewit,except the 
Right Honourable the Earl of Carbery^ who was 
pleafed to tdl me he had leen of it . r ' 

The Land oa the South fide of the River is low 
Savannahs or Paflure iThe fide where the Town, of 
Villa de iW^ ftands, Ife a fort of gtey fandy , Earth ^ 
and the whole Country, the. Upland I mean, feems 
to be much the feme : But the Low-land is of a black 
deep Mould, and in Ibme places very ftrong Qay 5 
and there is not a Stone to be. found in all the Coun- 
try. The healthy dry Land is very Woody, except 
where inhabited QX planted. It is pretty thick ^tded 
. I ' ' ' with 



A 1 Xi •'W 



An. 1616. with, Indian Towns, who have all a Padre 6r twd 
among them, and a Cacique or Govem&ur to keep 
the Peace. The Cacao Tree thrives here very well ^ 
but the Nuts are finaller than the Caraccus Nuts ^ 
yet Oyly and Fat whilft New. They are not plant- 
ed near thdSea, as they are on the Coaft oi Caraccus^ 
but at Icaft 8 or 10 Miles up in the Country* The 
Cacao-walks belong chiefly to the Spaniards 5 and 
are only planted and drels'd by Indians^ hued for 
that purpofe ^ yet the Indians have of their owi% 
Hantainrwalks. , Plantations of Maiz, and fome 
finall Cacao-walks : about which they ipend the 
chiefeft of their time. Some Employ themfelves 
to feaxch in the Woods for Bees that build in hol- 
low Trees: and get a good livelihood by Aeir Honey * 
and Wax. Thefe a^re of two ibrts: One pretty 
large •, the other no bigger, but longer, than an or- 
dinary black Fly: in other refpefe, iuft like our 
common Bees -, only of a darker colour- Tl^ir 
Stings are not ftrong enough to enter a Man's Skin ^ 
but if (iifturbed, they will fly at one as fimoufly as 
the great Bees ^ and will tickle, but cahnot hurt 
you. Their Honey is white and clear % and they 
make a great deal of it. The Indians keep of them 
tame, and cut hollow Trunks for them to make 
their Combs in. They place one end of the Log 
(which is law'^d very even) on a Board, leaving a 
hole for the Bees to creep in at : and the upper 
end is covered with a Board put clofe over it. 
The young and lufty Indians (fiicfa as want Em- 
ployment^ hire themielves to the Spaniards. They 
Work cheap, and are conimonly paid in luch Gooas 
as the Spaniards do not value. And I have been 
told, that they are obliged to Work for their Ma* 
fters, one day in a Week, gratis : But whether this 
PrivUedge belongs only to the Cadres ^ or to the 
Laity alio, I know not. The Indians inhabiting 
thele Villages, live like Gendemen in Comparifon 

of 



of thole that are near any great Town , iiich as -^«- 1676. 
Campeachy or Merida : for there even the Poorer and 
Rafcalljr fort of People, that are not able to hire 
one of thefe poor Creatures, will by violence drag 
them to do their Drudgery for nothing, after they 
have worked all day for their Matters : nay, they 
^fien take them out of the Market from their 
Bufinels-, or at le# enjoyn them to come to their. 
Houfes when their MarKet is ended : and they daie 
not refiile to do it 

This Country is very fruitful^ yielding plentifiil 
Crops of Maiz ^ which is their chiefell Subfift- 
ence. After it is boil'd they bruile it on IJjcha Rub- 
bing-flprie-as Chocolate is grownd on. Some of it 
they make into fmall thin Cakes, called TartiUoes. 
The reft they put into a Jar till it grows fowf 5 and 
when they are thirfty, mix a handful- of it in a Cal- 
labafh of Water, which gives it a fharp pleafant 
tafte, then ftreining it through a large Callabafh 
prick'd full of finall Holes to keep out the Husks, 
tiiey drink it. off. If they treat a Friend with this 
I>rink, they mix a little Honey with it ^ for their 
Ability readies no higher : And this is as accepta- 
^ble to them as a Qafi of Wine to us. If they 
travel for two or three Days from Home, they 
cany Ibme of this Growtfd Maiz in a Plantain 
Leat^j, and a Callabafli at their Girdles to make their 
drink, and take no farther care for Viftuals, till they 
come Home again. This is called Vojole : And 
by the Englifh Foorfoul. . It is fb much efteemed 
by the Indians, that they are never without (bme 
of it in their Houfes. 

Another way of Preparing their Drink, is to 
parch the Mai^, and then grind it to Powder 
on the Rubbing-ftone, putting a little Artatta to 
it V whichgrows in their Plantations ^ and is ufed 
by them for no other purpofe. They mix it all 

H h with 



J 1 4 Indfan Garment Sy Man f age f. 

An. i6i6 . with Water^ and prefently drink it oflF without 
v-OTVJ draining. 

/ In long Journeys th^y prefer this Drink before 

Pofole. 

They feed abundance of Turkies, Ducks and Dung^ 
hill Fowls, of which the Padre has an exaft Ac- 
count •, and is verjr ftriO: in mthcring his Tithe : 
and diey dare not Wll any except they have his Leave 
for it. 

Tliey plant Cotton alio for their Cloathing. The 
Men wear only a fhort Jacket and Breeches. Thefe 
with a PalmetoLeaf Hat is their Sundays DrcJB ^ 
for they have neither Stockmgs nor Shoes -, nei- 
ther do they wear thefe Jackets on Week Days. 
The Women have a Cotton-Peticoat, and a large 
Frock down to their Knees : the Sleeves to tiheir 
WrMts, but not gathered. The Bofom is open to 
the Breaft, and Imbroidered with black or red Silk, 
or Grogram Yam, two Inches broad on each fide the 
Breaft,. and clear round the Neck. In this Garb, 
With their Hair ty'd up in a Knot behind, ibsj 
think themfelvesextream fine. 

The Men are obliged by the Padres (as I have 
been informed) to Marry when they are Fourteen 
Years old, and the Women when Twelve : And if at 
that Age they are not provided, the Pridft will 
chufe a Virgin for the Man ( or a Man for the Vir- 
gin) of equal Biith and Fortune •, and joyn them 
together. 

The Spaniards give feveral Reafons for this Im- 
pofition, Vijs:. That it prefen^es them fiom De- 
bauchery, and makes them Induftrious.1' > That 
^ it brings them to pay Taxes, both to the King aikl 
Churchy for as foon as they are Married they pay 
to both. ■ And that it keeps them from ram- 

bling out of their own Parifh , and fettling in 
another^ which would by fo much kflcn the Pa- 
dres 



(jhurckes and Houfet. iiy 

dres Profit They love each other very well •, and An. idy^. 
Bve comfortably by the Iweat of their Brows, 
They build good large Houles, and inhabit al- 
together in Towns* Ihe fide Walls are Mud or 
Watling, plaifter'd on the infide ^ and thatch'd 
with Palm or Palmeto Leaves. 

The Churches are large, built much higher than 
the Common Houfes , and covered with Pan die : 
and within adoxned with Coarfe Piftures and I- 
mages of faints -, which are all painted tauny like 
the Indians themfelves. Befides thefe Ornaments, 
there are kept in theChurches Pipes,Hautboys,Drums, 
Vizards and Perruques for their Recreation at fblemm 
Times ^ for they nave little or no Sport or Pa- 
ftime but in Common, and that only upon Saints 
Days, "and the Nights enfuicg. 

The Padres that lerve here, muft learn the Indi- 
an language before they can have a Benefice. 
As for their Tithes and other Incoms, Mr. Gage, 
(an En^fh Man) hath given a large Account of 
them in his Survey of the h^eji Indies. But how- 
ever, this I will add of my own knowledge, tbzt 
they are verjr dutifiil to their Priefts ^ obferving 
punOually their Orders : and behave themfelves very 
circumlpeftly and reverently in their Prefence. 

They are generally well Ihaped , of a middle 
fize J ftreight and clean LimVd. The Men more 
Ipare, the Wotnen plunip and fat, their Faces 
arc round and flat , their Foreheads low , their Eyes 
little, their Nofes of a middle fize, fomewhat 
flattifli: fitll Lips^ pretty full but little Mouths : white 
Teeth, and their Colour of a dark tauny, like other 
Indians. They fleep in Hammacks made with fmall 
Cords like a Net, faflned at each end to a Poft. 
Their Furniture is but mean. Viz. Earthen Pots to 
boil their Maiz in, and abundance of Callabafhes, 
They are a very harmleis fort of People ( kind to 

H h 2 any 



'An.1676. any Strangers ^ and even to the Spaniaids, by whom 
thcjr arc fo much kept under, that they are worie 
t!ian Slaves : nay, the very Negroes will domineer 
over them •, and are countenanced to do fb by the 
Spaniards, This makes them very melancholly and 
thoughtfol: however they are very quiet, andleem 
.contented with their Condition, if tlrey can tolerably 
fiibfift : But Ibmetimes when they are impofed on 
beyond their Ability , thsy will march off whole 
Towns, Men, Women aid Children togedier^ as is 
before related. 






• HAP: 



1 

• 

* 1 


117 


e H A p.' VI. 


'• 



Tthe Bsver of Checapequc the River of Dos 
Boccas. The towns up the Comtry. Halpo. 
their trade. Old Hats , a good Commodity. 
J fad Jccident in Hunting. Tondelofi#W. 
Muskgtos troMefom on thisCoaftXaXJisSxdLWdX^ 
River. T^guantapeqtie l{^wr. Few Gold 
'Mines on all thi( part of the Sea-Coafi. 
Teguantapeque town. Key hooca and its Ca- 

. Mo-trade. Vinellos. Alvarado River 5 and 
its Branches^ Its Forty town and trade. Cod 
Fepper.^ La Vera Cruz, the Fort of St. John 
dTLUodx the Barra la Venta Fleet 5 and 
their Navigation ahouttbe Weft India Coafi. 
The Town of Tifpo. Panuk Rdver and Town. 
Lagune and Tom of Tompe^ue* Haniago 
IJland. its trade in Shrimps. The Authors 
return to LogwoodCutting at Trift* Captain 

^ GUobs kf^a there by Jome Indians he 
hrought frmn New-England- the Authors 
fitting flitf to Jamaica and return for £ng« 
land 



HAving given the Reader an Account of the 
Indians inhabiting about the River o^Iohafco ^ 
I come next to defcribe the Weftern Coaft of 
this Bay, with its Rivers and other rnoft re-' 
markable Particulars. From Tobafco River to die 

Hh 3 River 



An. 1676. River Cbeca^egue is 7 Leagues. The Goaft lies Eaft 
"and Weft -, all woody low Ground, landy Bay j 
and good Anchoring ^ but there falls in a pretty- 
high Sea on the fhore, therefore but bad Landing ^ 
yet Canoas may with aire run in^ if the Men are 
ready to kap out^ as foon as He touches the 
Ground^ and thenlhe muft inamediately be dra^d 
up out of the Surf. And the fame caution and dex- 
terity is to be ufed when they go oJS again, ttere 
is no frefh Water between Tobafco River an4 
Checapequt. This latter is rather a lalt Creek than 
a Rivier ^ for the Mouth of it is not above 26 Paces 
wide, and about 8 or ? Foot Water on the Bar 5 
but within there is 12 or 13 Foot at low Wq^ter, 
and good Ridit^ for Barlfs, fc^lf a ^ Mile within 
the Mouth. . 

This Creek runs in E. S. E. about two Miles, and 
then ftrikes away South up into the Country. At its 
Mouth between it and the oea is a bare fandy Point 
of Land. Where, on the- fide next the River, clofe 
by theBriiA: of, it (and no where elfe) you may 
fcrape lip the Sand (which is courife, and brown) 
with your Hands, and get he(h Water i but if you 
dig lower the Water will be fait. Haifa Mile within 
the Mouth, when you are paft the iandy Point, the 
LandMswet and Iwainpy, bearing only Mangroves 
on each fide for 4 or 5 leagues up ^ . and after that 
firm Land : wbstc you will find a Rim of ftefii Wa- 
ter, it being all lalt till you come thither. A 
League.beyond this is a Beef Ellamiofi or Farm of 
Cattle, belonging to an Indian Village. In the Woods 
on each fide this River there are plenty of Guanoes, 
Land-Turtle, and abundance of Qpams and Correlbs, 
with Ibme Parrots 5 and there is no Settlement nearer 
than the Beef Eftantion ; nor any thing elfe re- 
markable in this River that I knovv. 

. A League Weft ftom Checapeque there is another 
^nall River called Dos Boccas^ 'tis only fit for Ca^ 

' ' " . .' • : . noas 



*i 



noasto enter ; It has a Bar at its Mouth, and there-^«-j^7^- 
fore is ftnoewhat dangerous. Yet the Privateers " 
make light of it 3 for they will govern a Canoa 
very ingenioufly. However taptain Rives aud Cap- 
tab Uewet^ two Privateers, loft feveral Men here 
in coming out •, for there had been a North, which 
had raifed the Bar, and in going out nloft of their 
Onoas were over-fet, and fome Men drowned. 

This River will not float a Canoa above a 
League within its Mouth, and fo far is fait : but 
there you meet with a fine clear Stream of fiefti 
Water, about a League up in the Country : and be- 
yond this are fair ^vannahs of, long Grais, fenced 
in with Bidges of as rich Land as any in the World. 
The Moldfich as is formerly delcribed^ all plain 
and level, even to the Hills of Chiapo. 

There are no Indian Towns withm 4 or 5 Leagues 
of .the Sea -, but further off they are pretty thick •, 
lying within a Lej^e, 2 or 3 one of another; 
ilalpo is the chiefeft. 

The Indians make ule of no more Land than . 
ierves to maintain then: Families in Maiz ; and to 
pay their Taxes : And therefore bet weep the Towns 
It lies uncultivated. 

In all this Country they rear abundance of Poul- 
try, Viz. Turkies, Ducks and Dunghil Fowls : but 
fome of thena hive Cacao-Walks. The Cacao of 
thefe Parts is moft of it lent to Villa de Mofe^ and 
fhip'd oflF there. Some of it is fold to Carriers 
that travail with Mules, coming hither commonly in 
Nov. or Dec. and ftaying till ¥ebr. or March. They. 
lye a Fortnight at a time in a Village to dilpofe^of 
their Goods ^ which are commonly Hatchets, Ma- 
cheats, Axes, Hoes, Knives, Cizars, Needles, Thitead j- 
Silk for lowing, Womens Frocks ^ Imall Lookingi 
gjlaflb. Beads, Silver or Copper Rii^ walh'd with 
Gold, let with Glals inftead of Stones, linall Pi- 
ctures of Saints, and luch like Toys for the Indians ; 

Hh 4 And 



jn. 1676. And for the Spaniards, Linnen and Woollen Cloaths^ 
Silks, Stockings, and old Hats new drefe'd, which 
are here very valuable, and worn by thofe of the 
beft Quality ^ fo that an old Englim Beaver thus 
ordered, would be worth 20 Dollars ^ ib much is 
Trade wanted here in this Country. When he has 
fold off his Goods, he is generally paid in Cacao, 
which he carries to La Vera Cruz. 

From Dos Boccas to the River F almas is 4 Leagues, 
low Land and landy Bay between- 

From Pa/mas to the Ha/over is 2 Leagues. 

Tih^ Ualover is 3. imall Neck of Land, parting 
the Sea from a large Lagune. It is ib call'd by 
the Privateers, becaufe they ufe to drag their Ca- 
noas in and out there. 

From the halm>er to St. Anns, is 6 Leagues. 

St, Anns is a Mouth that opens the Lagune be-. 
fore-mentioned: there is not above d ory Foot Water, 
yet Barks often go in there to Careen. 

From St. Anns to Tondelo is 5 Leagues. The Coaft 
ftill Weft: the Land low, and fandy j^y againft the 
Sea : a little within which are ^pretty high Sand- 
Banks, cloathed with prickly Buihes, fuch as I 
have already defcribed at Beej-Iftand. . 

Againlt the Sea near the Weft , end , 
within the Sand Bank^ the Land is lower again ^ the 
Woods not very high, and Ibme ipocs of Savannahs, 
with plenty of fat Bullocks -, In Hunting of which 
a Frenchman unhappily loft his Life. For his Ccan- 
pany being ftragled from him to find Game, he 
iJhluckily met a Drove of Cattle flyii^ ftom them 
in- the Woods, which were io thick that there was 
no pafling but in thefe very narrow Paths that the 
Cattle themfelves had made 5 lb that not being aUe 
to get out of their way -, the foremoft of the Drove 
thruft his Horns into bis Back and carried him a 100 
Paces into the Sm)annah^ wh^e he fell down with 
his Guts trailing on the Ground, 

The 



The River Tondeloe is but narrow, yet capable to ^. 1575. 
receive Barks of 50 or 60 Tuns; there is a Bar at ^ 
the Entrance, and the Channel crooked. On the 
Weft fide ot the Bar there is a ipit of Sand flioots 
out ^ theretore to avokl it at your coming in, you 
muft keep the Eaft fide aboard ^ but when once en- 
tred, you may run up for two or three Leagues ^ on 
the Eaft fide a quarter of a Mile within the Moudi, 
you may lie fecure : but all this Coaft, and elpeci- 
ally tliis River, intolerably Iwatms with Musketoes^ 
that there is no fleeping for them. 

About 4 or 5 Leagues from the Mouth this River 
is fbrdable, and there the Road crofles it 5 where 
two French Canoas that lay in this River intercepted 
the Caravan of Mules laden with Cacao, that was 
returning to La Vera Cruz-^ taking away as much as 
they could carry with them. 

trom Tondeloe River, to the River of G//4/f<r/^«?^/jp, 
is 8 Leagues more, the Coaft ftill Weft ^ all along 
iandy Bay and J&nd-Hills, as between St. Anns and 
Tondeloe 5 only towards the Weft part the Bank is 
lower, and the Trees higher. This is one of the 
Principal Rivers of this Coaft : Ms not half the lM:eadth 
of the Tobafco River ^ but deeper. Its Bar is lefi 
dangerous than any on this Coaft, having 14 foot 
Water on it^ and but little Sea, Within the Bar 
there is much more, and fbft Oafie ground. The 
Banks on both fides are low. The Eaft fide is woody, 
^ the Weft .fide Savannah. Here are ibmc 
Cattle ^ but fiixe it has been frequented by Priva- 
teers, the Spaniards have driven moft of their Bul- 
locks from hence farther into the Country; This Ri- 
ver hath its rife near the South Sea, and is Navigable 
a great way into Land 5 el^ially with Boats 
04: linall j^rks. 

The River Teguantape^ue^thzt falls into the South 
Seas, hath its C&gine near the Head ofGuafiekvoalp 5 
and it is report^ that the firft Naval Stores for the 
V Manila 



in. i6y6. Mamla Ships Vfcte &nt through the Country from 
the North to the South Seas, by the conveniency 
of thefe two Rivers, whole Heads are not above 
10 or 1 2 Leagues afunder. I heard this di&ourfed 
by the Privateers long before I vifited the South 
Seas ^ and they feemed ibmetimes minded to try 
tljeir Fortunes this way : fuppofing ( as many do 
ftill) that the South Sea fliore is nothing but Gold 
and Silver. But how grofly they are miftaken, I 
have fatisfied the World already. And tor this part 
of the Country,, though it is rich in Land, yet it 
has not the leaft appearance of any Miqp, neither 
is it thick inhabited with Spaniards : And if Lam 
not deceived, the very Indians in the heart of tihe 
Country, are fcarce their Friends. 
'The Town of note on the S^Sea,is Teguantapeque ^ 
and on the N. Seas Keyhooca is the chiefeft near this 
River. Befides diefe two, the Country is only in- 
hal^ited by Indians •, thejefore it is wholly linfte- 
qu^ntedby Shipping. 

Keyhooca is a large rich Town of good Trade ,' 
about 4 Leagues from the River Guajickwalp^ on 
the Weft fide. It is inhabited with fome few Spor 
niards and abundance of Mulatoes. Thefe keep 
many Mules, they being moft Carriers, and fre- 
quently vifit the Cacao Q)aft for Nuts ^ and travel 
the Country between Villa de Mofe and La Vera 
Cruz. 

This Country is plealant enough in the dry Sealbn ^ 
but when the furious North Winds rage on the 
Coaft, and violently drive in the Sea, it fuifers ex- 
treamly, being fo much overflown , that there is 
no travelling. It was in the wet Seafon when CMt 
'Rives andCapt. ll^voet made an Expedition in vJa- 
noas from the Iflatid Tri/? to the River Gunfickvoalp^ 
and there Landed then: Men, defigning to attack 
Keyhooca ^ but the Country was lb wet that there 
lyas no Marching •, neither was the -Water high 
i enough 



enough £)r a Canoa. Hire are great plenty of^. ,575, 
Vinellos. 

From the River Gmjickwalp the Land runs Weft 
2 or 3 Leagues, all low Land with iandy Bay to tlie 
Sea, and very woody in the Country. About three 
Leagues to the Weft of it the Land trends away to 
the North for about id Leagues ^ rifiiig higher allb 
even from the very fhore,as you go up within Land j 
making a very high Promontory called St. Martins 
Land •, but ending in a pretty bluff Point ^ which 
is the Weft Bounds of the Bay of Campeachy. 

From this blunt Point to Mvarado is about 20 
Leagues •, * the firft four of it a high rocky ihore, 
with fteep Cliits to the Sea ^ and the Landfome- 
what woody. Afterwards you pals by very high 
Sand-hills by, the Sea ; and an extraordinary great 
Sea falls in; on the fhore, .which hinders any boats 
from Landing. Within the Sand-hills agahi the 
Land is lower, pretty plain and fruitful enough in 
large Trees. . 

The River of il/y^rj^fo is above a Mile over at 
the Mouth, ' yet the entrance is but fliole, there be* 
ing Sands for nfear two Mile off the Ihore, clear 
from fide to fide,' neverthelefs there are two Chan- 
nels through thefe Sands. The beft, which is in 
the middle, has 12 or 14 Foot Water. The Land 
on each fide of the Mouth is high Sand'banks\ 
above 200 Foot high. 

This River comes out of the Country in three 

Branches, meeting altogether juft within the Mouth, 

where it is very -wide and deep. One of thele 

Branches comes from the Eaftward: Another from the 

Weftward; \ And the third, which is the true River 

of Mvarado and the biggeft, comes diieftly out of 

the Country, oppofite to the Sand-bills, about a 

Mile Weft, of the Rivers Mouth^ This laft Iprings 

a great way from the Sea, paffing tluough a v«ry 

fertile Country, tl^ick fettled with Towns of Spa- 
;. ,. ^. .- ., -- . . ,. . . niards 



Ml. 1677. niards and Indians. On the Weft fide j and juft againft 
^ " the Mouth of the River, the SpaniardshzvQ afinall 
Fort' of 6 Guns, on the declivity of the Sandbank^ 
a great heighth above .the River ^ which commands 
a fmall Spanijh Town on the Back of it, buijlt in a 
Plain clofe by the River, It is a great FUhery, 
chiefly for Snooks, which they catch in the Lake j 
and when they are falted and dryed, drive a great 
Trade in Exchanging them for Salt and other Com- 
modities. Befides fait Fifh, they export ftom hence 
abundance of 'dry Cod-Pepper, and fome pickled 
and put in Jars. This Pepper is known ^ the 
Name of Qu'mea ?e][jper. Yet for all this Trade, 
"'tis but a poor Place, and vet has been often taken 
by the Privateers, chiefly to fecure their Ships 
while they fliould go upintheirGanoas to the rich 
Towns within Land, which notwithftanding they 
never yet attempted, by reaion that La Vera Cruz 
bordering ^o near, they were ftill afraid of bein| 
attacqued both by Sea and Land ftom thence, anc 
lb never durft prolecute thek ^defigns on the Coun- 
try Towns. 

Six Leagues Weft from Alvarado there is another 
large Opening out into thQSea 5 and it is reported 
to have a Communication by a finall Creek with 
this River of Alvarado ^ and that Canoas may pafi 
through it ftom one. River to the other- And at this 
Opening is a lm41 jifting Village. The Land by 
the Sea is a continued high Sand-bank^ and fc vio- 
lent a Sea^ that it is impofCble to Land with Boat 
or Canoa. , ' 

From this River to La Vera Cruz is 6 Leagues 
more, the Coaft ftill Weft. There is a RifF of Rocks 
runs along the fliore from Alvarado to Vera Cruz^ 
yet a good Channel i^or finall Veflels to pals be- 
tween it and the fliore. And about two Leagues to 
the Eaft of Ve?'a Cruz are two Iflands called Sa^ 
crificelflands. I have fet down the diftance between 

Aharado 



'AlVarado and L^^ 'fera Cruz^ according to the Com- -^/i-i^yy. 
mon Account of 1 2 Leagues, which I take to be 
truer, but our Draughts make it 24. The Land by 
the Sea is much the lame. 

La Vera Cruz is a fair Town feated in the very- 
bottom of the Bay of Mexico^ at the S. W. Point 
or Comer of thq Bay •, for fo far the Land runs 
Weil •, and there it turns about to the North. There 
is a good Harbour before it, made by a finall Ifland, 
or Rock rather, juft in its Mouth 5 which makes 
it very Commodious. Here the Spaniards have 
built a ftrong Fort, which commands the Harbour ^ 
and there are great Iron Rinjgsfix'd in the Fort- Wall 
againfttiic Harbour for Ships to fatten their Ca- 
bles. For the North Winds blow ib violently 
here in dieir Seafons that Ships are not fafe at An- 
chors. 

This Fort is alki St. J^ohn d'UI/oa ^ andthe5pj. 
mardsdo frequently call the Town of Vera Cruz by 
this Name. 

The Town is 3 Place of great Trade ^ being the 
Sea-Tort to the City of Mexico , and moft of the 
great Towns and CJities in this Kingdom. So that 
all the European Commodities, ipent in thefe Parts, 
are Landed here, and their Goods brought hither 
and Exported iftom hence. Add to this, that all 
die Trealiire brought from Manila , in the Eqfi 
Indies comes hither through the Couiiry from Ac- 
capulca. 

The flota comes hither every three Years ftqm 
Old Spain *^ and befides Goods of the Produflt of 
the Counoy •, and what is brought from the Ea^ 
Indies and Ihip'd aboard them : The King's Plate 
that is gathered in this KingdcMtn ^ together with 
what belongs to the Merchants, amounts to a 
yaft Summ. Here dfo comes every Year thfeB^;7v/- 
taventa fleet in OSober or l^lovember^ and ftays till 

March. This is a fixaall Syiadrony confiftinjg.of 6 

or 



I x5 Barralaventa Beef. 

. or 7 Sail of ftout Ships, ftom 20 to 50 Guns. Thefe 
71:^2^;^ are ordered to vifit all the Spamjh Sea-Port Towns 
once every Yeat^ chiefly to hinder Foreigners from 
Trading •, and to fupprels Privateers. From this Port 
they go to the Havana on the North fide of Cuba 
to feU their Commodities. ' ■' -^ From hence 

they pals through the Gulph of florida ^ ftanding 
lb far to the North as to be out of the Trade- 
Winds,which are commonly between 3od. and 40 d. 
of Lat. and being in a variable Winds-way they 
ftretch away to the Eaftwards till they may fetch 
Portanca^ if they have Bufinefs there ^ if not, they 
keep ftiU to the fiaftward till they come tolrlnidado^ 
an Uland near the Main, inhabited by the Spaniards^ 
and the moftEaftempartof any Confequence in the 
INorth Seas.ThQ Barralaventa fleet touches there firff, 
and from thence fails to tbeMar^arita^z confiderable 
Spanijh Iflarid near the Main. From thence they 
Coaft down to Comana and La Guiary^ and pafling 
by the Coaft of Carraccus , they j&iT towards the 
Gulph of Merle aia •, ftom thence diey double Cape 
La Vell^ and lb down to Bdo La Haeha^ St. Martha 
and Carthagena. If they meet with any Englifli or 
Dutch Trading-floop, they chafe and take them, if 
they, are not too nimble for them : the Privateers 
keep out of their way, having always Intelligence 
where they are. 

From Carthagena thqr lail to Portobe/o •, and from 
thence tp Campeachy: and.laftly, to La Vera Cruz^ 
And this is their Annual Navigation about the 
Weji Indian Coaft. 

La Vera Cruz was taken by the Privateers, about 
the Year 85. under thecondu8:of (xitjohn Ruffel^ 
an old Lo^ood-Cutter that had formerly been 
t^en by the Spaniards and fent to Mexico 5 where 
learning Spanijh^ he by that means efcaped to La 
Vera Cruz*^ and being releafed from thence, heaf 
terwards managed tliis Expedition, 

From 



Til|)o> Panufc. 127 

From kence to Old Vera Cruz is 5 Leagues, This An. 1577. 
was the firft Town of that Name ^ but wanting a " ' 
good Harbour there, it was removed to the place 
where it now ftands. 

VxomOldVera Cruz to Tifpo is about 15 Leagues 5 
the G)aft lies N. and S. Tijpo is a pretty , handibm 
finall Town, built clofe by the Sea^ and watered 
with a little Rivulet ^ but wanting a Harbour, 'tis 
deftitute of any Maritime-Trade. 

From Tiffo to the River fanuk is about 20 Leagues^ 
The Coaft lies N. and S. neareft^ 'tis a large River 
dcfcending out of the very Bowels of the Country,, 
and running Eaft, falls into the Gulph of Mexico^ in 
Lat about 2 1—50 m. It has 10 or 11 Foot Water 
on the Bar,' and is often vifited with Barks that 
iail up it, as far as the City Vanuk ^ lying diftant 
fiom the Sea about 20 Leagues •, and is the princi- 
pal of this Country, bekg a Bifliops See. There 
are two Churches, one Convent and a Chapel -, 
and about 500 Families of Spaniards^ Mulatoes and 
Indians. The Houfes are large and ftrong •, with 
5tone Walls ^ and they are thatched with Falmeto 
Leaves. 

One Branch of this River comes out of the La- 
gune of Tompeque^ and mixes with this, three 
Leagues before it fails into the Sea. Therefore 'tis 
fbmetimes called the River of Tompeque. The La- 
gune of Tompeque lies on the Soum fide of the Ri- 
ver ^ and breeds abundance of Fifli , elpecially 
Shrimps. There is a Town of the lame Name, 
built on its Banks, whole Inhabitants are molfl Fi- 
fhermen. Beyond this Xagune there is another 
large one , wherein is an Ifland zs^ Town 5 
named Haniago ^ its Inhabitants moft Fifhermen, 
whole chief employment is to take Shrimps. Theie 
they boil with VVater and 5alt, in ereat Coppers 
for the purpofej and having dryed them after- 
wards m the Sun , they are made up in Packs and 

fent 



I£t9 



« tUk W ••» ••^i**'' <a^-9^wwwwm 



An. 1616. fent to all the chief Towns in the Country, elpeci- 
' ^^ 'ally to Mexico^ where ^ tho' but a hungry fort of 
Food, they are mightily efteemed. 

The Account I have given of the Campeachy 
Rivers, &V. was the refult of the particular Obfer- 
vatioris I made in crufing about that Coaft , in 
which 1 fpent 1 1 or 12 Months. For when the vio- 
lent Storm^ before-mentioned took us, I was but. 
juft fettling to Work, and not haviag a ftocfc of 
VVood to purchafe fiich Provifion as was fent ftpm 
Jamaica:^ as the old Standards hadj I with many 
more in my circumftances, was forced to range 
about to feek a fubfiftance in G)mpany of fome 
Privateers then in the Bay. In which rambles we vifi- 
ted all the Rivers, from Trift to Alvarado ^ and 
made many Defcents into the Country among the 
Villages there, where we got Indian Corn to eat 
with the Beef, and other Flefh that we got by the 
way, or Manatee and Turtle, which was alfo a 
great lupport to us. 

Alvarado was the Vyeftermoft place I was at. 
Thither we went in two Barks with 30 Men in each, 
and had 10 or 1 1 Men kiil'd and delperately wound- 
ed in taking the Fort ^ being four or five Hours en- 
gaged in that 5^rD;V^, in which time the Inhabitants 
having plenty of Boats and Canoas, carried all 
their Riches and beft Moveables away. It was after 
Sun-Jet before the Fptt yielded -^ and growing dark, 
we could not purlue them, but refted quietly that 
jNight^ the next Day we kill'd, lalted and fent aboard 
• 20 or 30 Beefi, and a good quantity of falt-fifh, and 
Indian Corn, as much as we could ftow away. Here 
were but few Hogs, and thofe eat very filhy •, 
therefore we did not much efteem them : but of 
Cocks, Hens and Ducks were fent aboard in abun- 
dance. The tame Parrots we found here were the 
largeft and faireft Birds of then: kind that I ever 
law in the Wefl, Indies. Their colour was yellow 

and 



I 



and red; very courfly mixt ^ and they would praw 
very prettily -, and there was fcaree a Man but what 
fent aboard one or two of them. So that with Pro-* 
vifion, Chefls, Hencoops and Parrot-Cages, ou^ 
Ships were foil of Lumber, with which wc intended 
to lail : but the fecond day after we took the Fort^ 
having hada Weftetly Wind all the Morning, with 
Rain, 7 Armadilloes that were fent from La ferd 
Ouz appeared in fight, within a Mile of the Bars^ 
coming in with full fail j but they could fcarce ftem 
the Current of the River 5 which was very welt 
for us : for we were not a little furprized. Yet we 

qt under fidl, in order to meet them ^ and dear- . 

g our Decks by heaving all the Lumber ovei? 
ixwrd, we drove out over the Bar , before they 
i;each'd it : but they being to Wind-ward, forced uS 
to exchange a few mot with them* Their Admiral 
ivas called the Toro. She had 10 Guns and 100 Men ^ 
another had 4 Guns and 80 Men : the reft having 
no great Guns, had only 60 or 70 Men a-piece- 
armed with 'Muskets, and the VeiTels barricadoea 
round with Bull-hides Breaft-high* We had not 
above 50 Men in both Ships^ 6 Guns in one and two 
in the other. Aflbon as we were over the Bar^ we 

fot our Larbeard-Tacks aboard and ftood toth& 
aftward, as nigh the Wind as we could lye. The 
Spaniards came away Quartering on us ^ and our 
Ship being the Head-nK>iT, the Toro camedireflfejy to- 
wards us, defigning to Board us. Wc kept firing at 
ter^ in hopes to have lamed eitheif Maft. or Yard 5 
but filing, jult as (he was fhearing aboard^ wa 
ive her a good Volley, and prelently clap^" the 
dm a Weather, wore bilr Ship, and ^ot our Star- 
beard Tacks aboard, and flood to the Weiiward : 
and fo left the Toto^ but were faluted by all the 
finall Ctraft as we pad by them, who ftood to the 
laftward, after the Toro^ that was now in purfu|t 
and dpfc by our Ginlbrt. We ftood to the Weftward 

li till 



g 



Vjo MunjacK a jmcf emm. -^ 

till we were agait^ the Rivers Mouth ^ tlien we 
tackt and by the help of the Current that came out 
of die River, we were neer a mile to Wind-ward of 
them all: then we made Sail to affift our Codort 
who was hard put to it^ but on our appix)adi the 
T^r^ edged away toward the ihore^ as did all tbc 
reft, and ftood away fctf Alvarado-^ aind we, ^ad of 
the Deliverance, went away to the Eafiward, and 
vifited all the Rivers in our return again xoTrijt^ 
And fearched the Bays for Munjack to carry with, us 
for the Ships ufe, as we had done before for the uie 
bothof Ships and €anoa's. 

Munjack is a fort of Pitch or Bitumen which we 
. find in lumps, ftom three or four pounds to thbw 
pounds in a lump •, wafhed up by the Sea, and left 
dry on all the Sandy-Bays on all this Coaft : It is 
in fubftance like Pitch, but Blacker^ it aidts by 
the heat of the Sun, and runs abroad as Pitch would 
do if expofed, as this is, on the the Bays : The 
fpell of it is not fo plealant as Rtch, neither does 
it ftick fo firmly as Pitch, but is apt to p^ off 
from the Seams or Ships Bottom 5 however wc 
find it very ufeful here where we want Pitch 5 and 
*becaufe it is commonty mixed with Sand by lying 
on the Bayes, we melt it and refine it very weU 
before we ufe it ^ and commonly temper it with 
Gyl or Tallow to correO: it •, for though it melts by 
the heat of the Sun, yet it is of a harfher nature 
than Pitch. I did never find the like in any other 
part of the World, neither canlteU fix)m whence 
it comes. 

And now the eSe^s of the lateStorm beiqg almoft 
iR>rgot, the Lagune Men iettled again to tkrir Im- 
ploymentsi and I among the reft fell to Work in 
the Eaft Lagune, where I remained till my Etepat- 
ture jfor Jamaka* 

IwiU 



Theprt^t of the Lognpoodarade. 

1 wfll only add as to this Logwdod-Trade in ge- 
nial, tbat I tak€ it to be one of the mcrft profitable 
to Effg/a^^ and it neareft refembles that of A^^w- 
foundlands fincc what arifes frcwn both, is the pro- 
dxiQ: of bafc Labour*, and that the Perfims implojr- 
ed heidn are fiippcMted bjr the produce of their 
Nsrtive Country. 

It is not my Bufinels to detenmnc how 6r we 
might have a right of cutting Wood there^ but this I 
can iay, tihat the Spaniards never receive lels Da- 
mage fiom the Peribns who generally follow that 
Trade, than when they are imployed upon that 
Work. 

While I was here the laft time^Capt Gtbh arriv'd 
in a Ship of about loo Tuns, and brought with him 
20 ftout New-England Indians that were taken in 
the Wars there, del^nmg to have fold them at 
famaica^ but not findbg a good Market, brought 
them hither to cut Logwood, and hired one Mr. 
Richard D/niokins to be tfiar Overfeer^ who carried 
them to work at Summafenta : But it fo happened 
that about a Week after, the Captain came thither 
in his Boat from OneSuJhKey where his Ship lay, 
and the Overfeer having ibme Bufinefi, delired leave 
to be ablentfortwo or three days: But as foon 
as he and the Seamen were gone, the Indians taking 
their opportunity, kiUed the Capt. and marched oft^ 
defigning to return to their own Country by Land: 
they were fien about a Month afterward; and one 
of them was taken near the River Tondeb. 

After I had ^nt about ten or twelve Months at 
the Logwood Trade, and was grown pretty well 
acquainted with the way of Trarack here ^ I left the 
Imployment, yet with a defign to return hither af- 
ter I had be^ m England -^ and accordingly went 
from hence with Captain ' Chambers of London , 
bound to Jamaica. We Med from Trifl the be- 

\i z ginning 



i?i. 



ginning of April i6j^. and arrived at Jamaica in 
May^ wh^re iremained a finall time, and then re- 
turned for England with Captam Ijoader oihondon^ 
J arrived there the beginning of Augufi the iame 
Year-, and at the beginning of the following year, 1 
i§t out again for Jamaica^ in order to have gone 
thence to Campeachy •, but it proved to be a V(yage 
round the World -^ of which the Publick has already 
• had an Account, in my former Volume^ ai4 the firji 
fmofthk. 



FJN 1 S 



Mm 




mm 



•• J 



'*'. .-I 



€ipi. 




HIS 



DISCOURSE 

OF THE 

Trade-Winds , Breezes, 
Storms, Sealbns of the 
Year, Tides and Cur- 
rents of the T o R R I D 
Z o N £ throughout tbe 
World. 



li 3 



t> 



••' % 






■f - 

f 1 

; ■ 






r"» 



V « 



A Scheme of the following TreatifeJ 



\^ trade* 
winds, p. I. 



Truey or General at Sea^ %i 



Breezes 



I 



In or neap 
the Tmid, 




fcUfiant. 12 
^< \ f Oblique points; 17: 

ISUftinf toKOppofitc points; ^u 



C in the JE. Aidies. 21. 



fOenerah 28. 

Fecn/wr to f ^"'^W'^^^^-Winds. 45; 
fomeCMffxi^^'^^^r'^Bwezcs. 44. 
LF^atos, 45. 

I fTerremSf r-CormandcL 47 

I I or i&o^ \ 

I Producing Wiud%ofl Malabar. 4^ 
I particular I \ ' 

V^ffeffr, I Jrhc Perpan 

C Gulf. 43 
Harmafansfit cold Terrenes 
L of Gwnea. 4^ 

I ^Norths. 60 
zvL&Chocolattatloxth 62. 
; J" < t Jamaica. 6$ 



Storms and 4 
their Prc-^ 



fages 



I 



f 

Soiabsyoi< 

CCampeacltf, 66 
Jlirricatts of tiicCarrtbbelilsLnds^ 6i 



r Tuffootts. 71, 72. 
In the 1 

Eaft J 
Jndies j Stormy Aknfmi. 72 
C and Elephanta. 74 



Seafons of the Year, Dry, Wet, rar«4<6fi, &c. 7^. 

Tides. 90. 
v-cur rents. 100. 
An Account of thcJCountrcy of Hatal lot; 



/ 



i» 4 



JH ■ 



f 



t 



.•«.» 



y 



1 



«- (TW— . 



' "J! 



r^ 




•■■. ■" "»■ *■•■■■■ Mfimnifn 




. > 



;«»>»•«. 



'^ 






^^ t.. 



;^ '■ 



m 



>^ 



^^ 






\ 



* . • - »> >• ix • » 



<».♦?! k^^ ■■.-.-'» •* "♦♦* * 



/. 



-'V 



^ ^ 



:^ 



-r^^'-Kj^ 



Mx. Dampiifrs Voyages. 



VoL II. Part m. 



A Difcourle of Winds, Breezes, Scptiris , 

Tides and Currents. 

GH AP. L 

Of the General Trade'Wind. 

The Intro^udion. 

Of the General Traae-Wind at Sea. Of the 
beSt time of the Tear to crofs the Equinoiaial. 
Xhe Winds mar the Line commonly uncertain^ 

. and attended with Claims and tornadoes.^ A 
Reafon of the Winds blowing South near the 
line 9 in the Atlantick Sdsu Horn Ships 
homeward-bound from the Bite of Guinea^* 
jhould crofs the Line. 0/ the Trade-Wind 
in the South Sea ; and in the Eaft Indian 
Ocean. 

I Shall reduce what I have t 6 feyon this 
SubjeO:, to Ibme general Heads v beginning 
with the Trade-Winds, as being the rvm 
remarkable. 

Trade- Winds are fiich as do bl6w conftandy 
fiom one Point or Qaarter of the Conipais, and 

AUa dte 



the Region of the World moft peculiar to theni^ 
is from about 30 d. North, to 30 d. South of the 
Equator. 

There are divers forts of thefe Wuids j lome 
blowing from Eaft to Weft, ibme Tftom South to 
North, others ftom Weft to Eaft, ^c. Some are 
conftant in one Quarter all the Year ^ fome h\(ip 
one half the Year one way, and ^e odier fix 
Months quite contrary ^ and others Mow fix Moiiths 
one way, and then fliifting only eight ox ten Points, 
continue there fix Months more, and then return 
tsgaintotheit-fi)!!!)^ Stations^ as-aU -Aefe fl i ifiing 
Trade-Winds do •, and fb as the Year comes about, 
they alternately fiiccecd each other in thek proper 
Seaibns. 

There are other ibrts, call'd Sea-Winds and Land- 
Winds, differing much from any of the former, 
the one blowing by Day, the other by Night, con- 
ikmly and r^gmarly iiicceeding each other. 

WithmthetorridZone alfo iire Viclte^ 
fierce, ff not fiercer th^ any are in 6i9ter Batfte of 
the World: And Ss^to the^6albnsof the Yvteiy:, I 
can diftmguifii Ihemidiere, no other witf dtem^ by 
W^t miThyy andrtll0ie'wet^4ry deafi>d|do 
w' ibccefliveiy follow eacli . otjier, - a^ Winfei ^and 
SuriifiaQ: do with lis.. 

Hcie are dlfi> fbrong Currdn^ Ibmetimep fettihg 
one way, icMnetimes another 3 Which though it is 
hard to defcribe, with tlhat Accuracy ^hich 5s de- 
^firable, yet I fliall give as particular an Aec^defc of 
them, as alfo of the ieveral ibrts of Winds^ as my 
Own Oblervations, and the Jildidous InfoitrntiiMis 
from others, will afford me Miaitter to do. . 

Of the General Trade-Wind^ 

Of all Winds before-mentioaed, I *fhall cifflbivour 
to^keat diftinftly s begjnning^ith the Tn^i^'Ttadc- 

'Wind 



Hi ., 
I/, 



i 



Of tke gemrai Trade Wind. j 

Wind firft, which I call the General Trade-Wind at 
Sea ^ becaufe all other Trade-Winds, whether con- 
ftant or fhifting, feem to have their dependance on 
feme aaidentai Caufe •, whereas the Caufe of thefe, 
be it what it will, feems uniform and conftant 

Thcfe general Trade-Winds are only in the At- 
lantick Ocean which parts Africa ftom Americay 
in the Eaft Indian Ocean, and in the Great South 
Sea. 

In all thele Seas, except juft under or near the 
Line, they conftantly blow without Intermiffion, 
as well to the South, as to the North of the E- 
tpiator, but not wiui equal force at all Times, nor 
in all Latitudes •, Neither do thefe conftant Trade- 
Winds irfually blow near the Ihoar, but only in the 
Ocean, at leaft 30 or 40 Leagues off at Sea, clear 
from any Land •, elpecially on the Weft Coaft, or 
fide of any Continent : For indeed on the Eaft fide, 
theEafterly Wind being the true Trade-Wind,blows 
abnoft home to the fliore •, lb near as to receive a 
check ftom lie Land-Wind •, and oft-times to admit 
of the Sea-Breez, by whidi it is drawn from its 
Courfe fiequenthr 4 or 5 Points of the Compafs : 
But of die Sea-OTeez I fhall ipeak in its place. In 
ibme Places, and particularly the South Seas, in 
Soudi Lat the true Eaftem Trade is npt found ta 
blow within 150 or near 200 Leagues of iheCoaft, 
but in North Lat in thofe Seas, it comes withia 
50 or 40 Leagues' diflance of the Shore : And this 
I fhall mye as a gpno^ Rule, That in North Lat. 
thefe Winds are commonly at E. N. R in South 
Lat. at E. S. E 

When we go from England^ and are boimd to 
the Eaji or Wefl Indies^ or to Guinea^ we com- 
monly find thefe Winds in the Lat. of 30 d. Ibme- 
times Iboner, as in the Latitudes of 3 2 or 3 5. And 
it may So happen that we ,may meet with an Eaft- 

A a a 2 erly 



erly Wind m4o d. or go out of our own Channel 
with a North Eaft Wind ^ which fometimes alfo 
fails us not till we come into a true Trade-Wbd ^ 
but this is only accidental, therefore is not the 
Wind thatlfpeak of ^ butbetiveen 32 and 28 Idid 
' never know nor hear, tliat the true Trade-Wind 
lailed. 

If in coming from Engl4nd^ we have a North 
Eafterly Wind diat brings us hither (/. t. into the 
true Trade-Wind) it fometiiues ftays at North Eaft, 
elpecially if we keep near the African Shore, as 
Guinea Ships do, till we are near the Tropick of 
Cancer^ and then comes to the R N. E. where it 
fettles ^ but commonly it fettles there in 28 d. if 
we are ^o far off Shore as to receive the true Trade; 
When the Wind is thus fettled, we have commonly 
fah Weather, and a clear Sky, elpecially if the 
Sun is in any Southern Sign •, but if. in ^ Northern 
Sign, the Weather is uliially cloudy. 

On the contrary, wh^n we are in South Lat in 
the Atlantick, if the Sun is in Northern Signs, . 
the Sky is clear, but if in Soutliern Signs the Sky 
is cloudy. This I once experienced to my Ibnow, 
in my return from Banta^jt^ in the Year idyi. We 
had cloudy Weather and brisk Wmds, while we 
were crofling the Eafi Indian Ocean •, and had a. 
very good Paflage alfo about the Cafe of good Hope 5 
where we had fair clear Weather : And fleering 
from thence, for the Ifland St. Hellena^ where we 
thouglit to Water and Refrefh, as all our Englifb 
EaJ} India Ships do, we mift it for want of an Ot- 
Jervation^ For before we came to the Tropick of 
Capricorn^ the Sky was again clouded, ix) that we 
feldom faw the Sun or Stars, till we were quite 
paft the Ifland. However, we found the Ifle of 
Afcention^ where we flruck two Turtle, (for this 
Was not tlie laying time, but the beginning of the 

Qootizig^ 



Cooting or Ingendring Sealbn ^ therefore Ibme few 
only were drawn hither-) . This was the latter end 
of Jiovemher. From the tune that we thought our 
felves to the Weft of St. Hellena^ we had our V Va- 
tpr meafured out to us, 2 Pints a Man /^^r day, till 
we came into our Channel. This was the firft time 
that I began to Jknow the value of ftefli Water ^ 
for we took in none in all our way home from Ban- 
tarn. But fb much for this Digreffion, 

The Winds, as I faid before, as we run to the 
Southward from England^ do firft fettle in the 
E. N. E. about the Lat. of 28 d. or be fure between 
that and 24 d. elpecially when the Sun is to the 
Southward of the Line ^ but in May^ June and July 
you will find the Winds at E. by S. or E. S. R 

Thefe Winds, whether we meet them to the North 
of the Eaft, or to, the South of it, we find blowing 
a moderate Gale from our firft meeting them in 3 o 
or 28 d- till we come to theTropick, there we find 
tiie Trade ftronger : It commonly blows a good Top- 
iail-gale, as we fail large : And if we were to fail 
on a Wind, our lower Sails would be enough. 
. Thefe brisk Gales blow in the Atlantick Ocean^ 
and North of the Equator, from the Lat of 2 3 to 
1 2 or 14 conftantly, between the E. N. E. and the 
"E. But between 10 or 12 degrees and the Line, they 
are not fb frefti nor conftant to tiiat Pointy for in 
the Months of July and Auguji^ the South Winds 
do oft times blow even to n d. or 12 d. of North 
Lat. keeping between the S. S. E. and the S. S. VV. 
or S. V V. but in December and January the true 
Trade blows within 3 d. or 4d. of the Equator. And 
as the Sun returns again to the Northward, fo the 
Southerly Winds do increafe and draw more to the 
Northward of the Line, till July^ and then gradu- 
ally withdraw back again towards the Line : When 
the Sun is in Southern Signs, 'tis the beft time of the 
Year to croiS the Line, if bound to the Southward j 

Aaa 3 for 



fbrbefidesthe benefit of the true Trade, to bring 
a Ship near the Line, the Wind is then more con- 
ftant and frefli, the VVeather clearer, arid the Winds 
which at other times are between the S.S. E. and 
S. S. W. are now at S. E. or S. E. and by E. hxt 
in our Summer Months we ftid nothing but Calms 
and Tornadoes -, and tho' Tornadoes do ufiially rife 
againft the fettled Wind ^ yet but few Ccwnmanders 
will endeavour to take the Advantage of the Winds 
that come from them, but rather furl their Toplails, 
hall up their Corfes, andlyeftill till the guft of Wind 
is palt, except neoeffity requkes hsdte •, for thefe 
ftdden Tornadoes do not continue long •, and bdides 
often very violent and fierce, fo liiat a. Ship with 
her fails loofe, would be in danger to be ov^-fet hf 
them, or at leaf^ lofe Mafts or Yards, or have the 
Sails Iplit ^ befides the Confl-ernation that all Men 
muft needs be in at fiich a tiraie, elpecially if the 
Ship, by any unforefeen accident, fliould prove un- 
ruly, as by the miftake of the Man at Helm, or he 
that Conns, or by her broaching too aganrfl all 
endeavours, which often happens when a fierce guft 
comes ^ which though it does not laft long, yet 
would do much damage in a (hort time ^ and tho' 
all things fhould fall out well, yet the benefit of it 
would not compenfite the danger : For 'tis much if 
a Ship fails a Mile before either the Wind dyes 
whdly away, or at leaft fliifts about again to the 
South. Nor are we iure that thefe Winds will 
continue 3 -Minutes before they fhift ^ and Ibme- 
tinfies they fly round fafter than the Ship will, tho* 
the Helm lies for it ^ and all Seamen know the dan- 
ger of being taken a back in fiich Weather. 

But what has been fpoken of the Southerly Winds, 
Calms, and Tornadoes is to be underftood of the 
Eaft fide of the Adantick to as far Weft as the 
Longitude ' of ? 59 d. or thereabouts 5 for farther 
Wdlterly we nrid the VVinds commonly at & E 

even 



t « -<. 



evai in ctcffmg the Line, and a very brisk gale -, 'tis 
for that leaibn our experienced Qmnea Comman- 
ders do keep to the Southward of the Line, tili 
they are about diat Longitude, Some run oyer nearer 
the Americm Shore before they ctoIs the Line ^ 
Our Eaft Indian Commanders do alio crofe the Line^ 
comii^ fiom India near the American Coaft> a^d 
find brisk GalfSi at S. E. all the times of the lear ^ 
hut going to the Indies^ they fteer away South y 
ftom the Ifland St Jago^ wh^e they commonly 
Water and meet the Winds in that Longitude. But 
of this enough* 

The Winds near the Line in the*hdim Ocean and 
Soutiii Sea are diiFerent ftom this, yet there the 
Winds are alfo Southerly and therefore different 
fiom what they are farther off, for 2 d, or 3 d. on 
each fide the Line, the Winds are commonly very 
uncertain, and oftentimes there are perfeft Calais, or 
at leaft very Imall Winds and fome Tornadoes in the 
Eaji Indian Sea. In the South Seas^ near and under 
the Line, the Wmds are at South 130 Leagues off 
fiom thp Shoar, but how farther off I know not ^ 
there the Winds are but fmall, yet conftant, and 
the Weather clear ftom March tul September \ but 
about Chriflmas tliere are Tornadoes ^ yet in both 
the Eaft IndianSosi^ and the South Sea ^ the Winds 
near or under the Line,, are often at South 5 yet 
thefe Winds do not blow above 2 or 3 d. to the 
North or South of the Line, except near fome Landj 
but in theAtlantickSea, as I have laid before, die 
South and South Weft Winds do fometin^ blow 
even to 10 or 12 d. North of the Line. And for th« 
South Winds to blow corflantly near the Line in 
the Atlantick, between Cape Verd in Africa^ and C 
Blanco in Brazil^ is no wonderful thing, if a Man 
will but coriider thofe Promontories that ihoot out 
ftom the Continents on each fide the Sea \ one on 
the North, th? other, on the South fi^^ of the Equa- 

Aa^ 4 t(^, 



tor, leaving but a finall ipace clear, fbr*the Winds 
to blow in ^ where there is always a pretty bride 
Gale, efpecially on the American fide. And as within 
i2 or 3 d. of uie Equator, it is mod fubjeft to 
Calms and Tornadoes and finall faint Breezes in 
other Seas not pend up as this is. So this Sea, except 
Juft in the very opening between both Promontories, 
is much more fiibjeO: to it than any other^ elpeciaJly 
on the Eaft fide : that is fi:om the Bite or the Inland 
comer oftheCoaft di Guinea to 28 or 30 d,diftance 
Weft:But this feems not to be altogether the effefts 
of the Line, but owing partly to the neamels of the 
Land to tiie-Line, which fhoots out from the Bite 
of Guinea-^^ even to Cape St. Anns^ almoft in a par^ 
rallel with the Equator ( allowing for the Bays a 
bendings) and this is 23 or 24 d. of Longitude, and 
not above 80 Leagues from the Line in Ibrpe Places: • 
So that this part of the Sea, between thfe Coaft of 
Guinea^ and the Line ca: ^A. South af it lying, as 
it were, between the Land and the Line, is leldom 
free from bad VVeather^ elpeeially fromjl/nVto 
September •, but when the Sun is withdrawn towards 
the Tropick of Capricorn^ then there is ibmething 
better VVeather there. 

And in the Sea under the Line between the A- 
frtcan Promontory and the American^ it isfi:eer fi*om 
Tornadoes and Calms, and more lubjeft to fair 
VVeather and frefh Breezes. Therefore both our 
^ Englijh and Dutch Eaft India Ships, when outward- 
bound, endeavour to Crols the Line as near as they 
can in the mid Channel, between both Promon- 
tories-, and although they meet the Winds fbme- 
times at S.S. E. or at S. S. W. or farther Eafteriy 
or Wefterly-, yet will they not run above a degree 
to the Ealt, or a degree to the V^^eft of the mid 
Channel, before the^tack again, for fear of meeting 
witii the Ibaking- Current on the Weft, or Calms 
on the Eaft fide^^ either of which would be alike 
prejudicial to their Couxfe. The 



^ • i «• 



wm^fw ^fw aabvarww WW wwm 



. The Tartuguife in their Vovages to Brazil^ take 
the i&me mediod, and get to the South of the Line 
before diey fall in widi the Land, for fear of fal- 
ling to leward of Cape St. Augufiine^ for tiliere are 
Jo many things which make that a difficult Cape to 
pais, that hardly any Man would try to do it, but at 
a diiteuice. 

^ut our Guinea Ships do generally pals on to 
their Ports on the Q)alt of Guinea^ at any time 
of tie Year, without ufing fuch methods •, bedaule ^ 
their Bufinefe lyes moftly on the North of the Line, 
where they always find a fair Wefterly Wind. But ia 
their returns fi:om thence, they aofs the Line, and 
. run 3 or 4 d. to the Southward of it, where they 
meet the Wind between the S. S. E. and the S. S. W. 
and a brisk gale^ with this Wind, they run away in 
the fame parrallel 35 or 36 d. before they crolsthe 
Line again to the Northward, which is about mid- 
way between the Extreams of both Promontories ^ 
there tiiey find a brisk gale, which carries them to 
the Weft indies^ or where they pleafe. Some run 
Weft 40 d. before thev aols the Line, and find ftrong 
Gales, whereas Ihould they come from Old Callahar^ 
or any -other Place in the Bhe^ on the North of the 
Line, and fteer away Weft, thinking to gain tlieir 
FalTage tlie Iboner,. becaule it is the neareft way, 
thqr would doubtlels be miftaken, as many Men 
have been :, For if they keep near the Line, they 
meet with great Calms^ and. if they keep near the 
Land, they meet with.Wefterly Winds y and if they 
keep in the middle between both, they muft of ne- . 
cdTity meet with both Inconveniencies, as alio with 
tornadoes, elpecially in Mcy^ June^ July and Au- 
guft. 

By which means fbme Ships, if they go any of 
thefe three ways now cautioned againft, fpend more 
time in going ftom the Bite to Cape Verd^ than 'ano- 
ther Ship wUl do if it aofs the Line in the ri^t 

Places^ 



Haces before mentioned, in going to the Barhadoes. 

Sometimes unexperienced Guinea Mafters in th©^ 
return from thence, after they have crofe'd the Line, 
ftom K to S. and are in a fair wajr togam aipeedy 
Paffige, will be lb obftinate in their Opinions, aftep 
tiiey haverun 26, 28 or 30 d, Weftfiom OUOdlabar 
(with a fak Wind) to fleer away W. by N. or Wl 
N. W, it being the direfteft Courfe thev can fteer 
for Barbadoes^ then theymuftofneceffity keep within 
a degree of the Line, while they are running 2 or 300 
teagues,which may prove to be a long thne in doinj 
becaufe of the uncertainty of the Winds near the 
quator^therefore they that crofi it near the nndddle,be- 
tweenboth Promontories,or near the .4;wm<rtf;?Coaft, 
when they are minded to fall away to the North- 
ward,fteer away N.W.or N.W^by N.and io deiarefi or 
raife a degree in running 28 Leagues at moll ^ there- 
fore (which is beft) they are but a Ihort time near 
the Equator : And befides, in thuscroffing it in the 
middle between botii Promontories, they feldom 
mift of a Wind : for the Wind in diefe Seas has no 
other Paflage, but between thefe two Promonto- 
ries. 

What I have laid already on this Head, has been 
chiefly of the Atlantick^vk of that too moftk about 
the Line, becaufe it is the moll difficult rlace to 
pals in going to the Southward. In other Seas, as 
in the Eajt Indian Sea^ and the Great South Sea 
there is no luch difficulty to pals any way, becaufe 
there is Sea-room enough, without coming into liich 
Inconveniencies, as we meet with in the Atlantick ^ 
and as to the Winds between the Line and the Tro- 
picks, in the Eaji Indian Sea and the South Sea^ 
they are in tlieu: Latitudes, as I laid before, viz. in 
South Latitude, at R S. E. and in North Lat. at 
E. N. E. blowing conllantly fielh Breezes, elpecially 
in the South Seas, even from within a degree or two 
of the Line, oil each fide to the Tropick, or to 30 

degrees 



Uf t»e general ifaae-iyina. 1 1 

degrees of Lat. And this I may truly fay. That 
neither the 'Adantick nor the Eaft Indian Seas have 
the true Trade-Winds io conftant nor brisk at all 
times of the Year, and in all Latitudes, as they are 
. here. For being once got into the Trade, I mean 
without lie verge of the coafting Trade- Wind, it 
blows a very brisk g^e all over tie Ocean. Capt. 
Eaton expenenced this iniailing ftomthe Gdlap^tgos 
Iflands to die Ladrones^ In the latter end of the 
Year 1685. VVe had die lifce experience,laaing from 
Cape G^rkntes toGawwrthe Year after (as spears 
by Wf Journal of diat Rua, in my Voyage round 
the World. Chap. 10. Pag. 1S5.) Am asfor the Wind 
to the Southward of die line, I had great Experience 
of it in my ramble there with Capt. Shearp 1 and 
fince that Capt. Davis^ in his return out of the South 
Sea, had greater experience •, becaufe he took his 
departure from the Gallapagos Iflands alio, and 
fleering W. S. W. from dience, till he met the True 
Tradeat E S. E he fleered direftly Soudi, clear from 
the Line, till he got to the Southward of theTropicfc 
of Caprii:arn^ and fb quite without the Trade. 

In thcEaJi Indian S^, between the Lat. of 50 d. 
and 4 degrees South of the Equator, the true Breez 
is at E. S. E. or S. E by E. yet not fb conftant nor 
brisk as in the South Seas •, befides that part of it 
which lyes to die Northward of die Line, has not 
fiich a conftant fteady Breez, but is more fubjcfl: to 
Calms, and near the flioar to fhifting Winds, accor- 
ding to tite Seafbns of the Year. - 



CHAP. 



» ■! 



C H A P. 11. 

Of the conftant oajiin^ Trade-Winds. 

4 ParaM of the South Tart of Africa and Peru. 
the Trade-Winds bUm mth an acute Angle on 
any Coaft. The Winds about Angola and in the 
South Seas alikp ; as alfo at Mexico and Gui- 
nea. The Winds jhift not in fame Places. 
Sand blown from the Shoar about Cape Blanco 
in Guinea. An Account of the Trade-Winds 
from thence to Cape Lopos. 

TH E Trade-Winds which blow on any 
Coaft , are either Conftant or Shift- 
ing^ 
The Coafts that are fubjea to confliint Trade- 
Winds, are, the South Coalt of Africa and Feru^ 
and part of the Coaft of Mexico^ and part of 
(sumea. 

The South part of Africa and Peru^ are in one 
Lat both Coafts trendmg North and South ^ both on 
the Weft fide of their Continents •, both in South 
Lat. and tho' the^ do not lye exaftly parallel, by 
Reafon of ibme Capes or Bendings in the Land, yet 
are the Winds much alike on both Coafts, all the 
Year long. 

On the Coaft of Angola the Winds are between 
the S.;W. andS. And on the Coaft of Feru^ we 
Reckon them between the S. S. W. and S. S. E. . But 
this tjie Reader muft take notice of. That the Trade- 
Winds that blow on any Coaft, except the North 
Coaft of Africa^ whether they are conftant, and 

blow 



blow all the Year , or whether they are fhifting 
Winds, do never tlow right in on the Shoar, nor 
right along Shoar •, but go flantmg, makuig an 
accute Angle of about 2 2 degrees. Therefore as the 
Lands trends more Eafterly or Wefterly from the 
North or South on thefe Coafts, io the Winds do 
alter accordingly ^ as for example. Where the Land 
lies N. and S. the Wind would be at S. S. W. but 
where the Land lies S. S. W. the Trade would be at 
S. W. But if the Land lyes S. S. E. then the Wind 
would be at South. This is iuppofed of Coafts 
lying on the Weft fide of any Continent, and on the 
South fide of die Equator, as the two Coafts of 
Africa and Teru are •, but the North part of A- 
frica has the Trade blowing off ftom the flioar, two 
or three Points. 

Thefe Southerly Winds do blow conftantly all the 
Year long, on bofli the Coafts of P^r/^ and Africa ^ 
they are brisk, and blow farther off from the Coafts - 
than any Ihifting Winds. 

On the Coaft of P^w, thefe 'Winds blow 140* 
or 1 50 Leagues off Shore, before you can perceive 
them to alter ^ But then as you rijn farther off, fo 
the Wind will come about more Eafterly, and at 
about 200 Leagues diftanceit fettles at E.S. E. which 
isthe true Trade/- . ;^. 

Between Angola, and Brazil tlie tVinds are much 
as they are in the South Seas, on the Weft fide of 
t|[ie Peruvian Coaft 5 only near the Line, within 
4 degrees of it, in South Lat the Wind holds in the 
S.S. W. or S. W. for 28 or 30 d. of Longitude, and lb 
it may in the fame Lat in the South Seas, for ought 
I know ^ for it was at South, as far as any of us 
were, which was near 200 Leagues. 

As the Coafts of l^eru and Angola have their con-"- 
ftant Trade-Winds, fbhas the Co^ft of JW^a/V^ and 
Guinea. And as the Coaft of Veru lies North, and 
South y fb thole lye neareft Eaft and Weft 

Accor- 



According to the Courfe of the general Trade 
the Winds fhould be Eafterly on thefe Coafts 5,^ but 
here we meet with the quite contrary ^ for from the 
Lat of 10 d. North to 20 d. North on the Co^ 
of Mexico, the Winds are conftantly near the Wdt 
on all the Coaft, except checked fometimeswith Tor- 
nadoes, which do commonly rife againft the Wind, 
the lame is obferved on the Coaft of Angola -, where 
there are Tornadoes alio ^ But the Coaft of Veru is 
not fiibjea: to any, yet on that Coaft there are ibme- 
times Calms two or three days together c^of Ae 
Bay of J\rica^ between the Lat. or id and 23. Li 
the Lat. of 19 you Ihall have Calms 30 or 40 
Leagues off Shore, but not ib &r on either fide the 
Bay, neither are fuch Calms dual on the Coafts of 
Angola and Mexico only after a Tornado, as is com- 
mon in other Places. 

As the Coafts of Angola and '2eru^ do in moft 
tilings run parallel each with other •, ^o do the Coafts 
of Mexico and Guinea: And if I am not miftaken, 
tiie Winds on both thele Coafts are imich alike 5 
Botii thefe Coafts do be^ at the Bite or Bending of 
the Land, where the other two ParaUel Lands do 
end^ for as the Mexican Continent begins at or near 
Tanama^ which is ^ OT p degrees North of tiie Equa- 
tor J fo that part of Guinea^ which I ^peak of^, be^ 
gtfts about Old Ollabar^ in about 4 or 5 degrees of 
NorthLat. 

The Land tfends away Wefterly from both 
tiiele Races fome hundreds of Leases •, and 
thoTi^ not on one Point of the Compafi, be^ufeof 
the hnall Points, Bays and Bending in the Land, yist 
tiie Winds tiiat on more regular Shores, keep their 
conftant Courfe, and blow in upon the Miore, about 
two Points from the Sea^ do alio here on the Gi^/- 
*^^^ Coaft, blow on the Shore from the Weft Quar- 
ter, and as tiie Latid lies Poinjtins in on tiie Shore, 
even ftom Cape Mount to Old Callabar^ which is 

above 



albove 400 Leagues i and that with liich conftancy 
that tite Eaft part of that Goaft 5s called tiie Lee- 
^ardCoaft ^ aftd.the Weft part tYteWmd<varJCoaJi • 
-And yet tiiis is fb coHixaf y to (Ihe genetal Opinion of 
"Se^iftien, cxjificeirning the Gomfeof f&e Winds, diat 
^nothhigbut lliefrowne!3q)erience will convince itihem 
of the Txtith oF it ^ for dhis ttoey generallv reaibn,^ 
^Barbard(fts is the Eafter-mcfi of the Carrioe Ifland% 
-flieiefbre the reft are feid to be to Leewai^d of % 
and Ifeof aiiy oth^ Mland •, as indeed it u&ally holds 
true, becaule the Winds there are comtnoriiy «: 
Eaft •, but this Counter Wind on the Goaft- of GW- 
nea aftoniflies moft Seamen that haw l^ii no&iag 
like what they meet with here. There are other 
Coafts where the Winds fliift vg:y little as on the 
Goaft of Carraccos^ and the South fide of the 
Bay of Mexico^ i. e. in tlie Bay of Compechy^ and 
all the Carribe Iflands. Indeed there may be ibme- 
times fbme finall flurts of a Wefterly Wind on 
thefe Goafts, but neither conftant, certain nor la- 
fting. 

And indeed this was the great ftumbling Block 
that we met with in running from the Gallapagos 
Iflands for the Ifland Cocos^ mentioned in my former 
Book, Ghap. 5. Pag. \\i. 

But that part of Africa^ which lies between 
Cape Verd in 14 d. North, and Cape 'Bayedore in ^ 
27. has commonly Northerly Winck^ or between 
the N. and K E. very frefli gales •, therefore our 
Guinea Ships, bound to Guinea^ ftnve to l^eep near 
that Shore,and oft times make the Gapes : And being 
to the Southward of Cape Blanco^ which lyes in 
La,t about 2 1. they are fometimes io troubled with 
«e Sand, which tiie Wind brings off Shore, that 
they are fcarce able to fee one another : Then: Decks 
are all ftiewed with it, and their Sails all red, as 
if thejr were tann'd, with the Sand that fticksto 
liiem^ it being of a reddiOi colout^ 

From 



From Cape Verd to Cape St. Anns , which Is 
about 6 degrees North, the Trade is between the 
E. and S. E. from Cape St. Anm to C^e Valmas^ 
in about 4 d* North, the Trade isat S W. fiom 
Qp^ V almas to the Bi/^ of Guinea^ which is at the 
ben^Bi^ of the Coaft, the Wind is at W. S. W. from 
this bending the Land be^s to turn about to the 
South •, and from thence to Qp^ IjOpos^ which 
is to the South of the Line , the Trade is at S. 
S. W. as it is on- all that Coaft, even to 30 de- 
grees South. 

This laft AccountI hadfiom Mr. Canhf^ who has 
made many Voyages to Guinea. 









»4«i 



CHAP. 



k. 



n 1 



CHAP. III. 

\ 

Of the eoajiing Traie-ff^indi thatjhift. 

the Co4s where the Winds fhift. Of the 
Winds between Gratia de £)ios^ atiii Cape 
La Vela. Ofthofe an the Coaji of Brazil : 
Jt Panama : ^^ Natal : Jnd Qipe Co 
rietites ; And the Red*Sea : From the Gulph 
of Parfia to Cape Comorin. Of the Mon- 
fobns in India ; Their Benefit for failing 
from FUee to Flace* Sea and hand Breezes 
ferviceable for the fame purpofe. By what 
helps long Voyages are made in an open 
Sea. 

TH E Coafts wKere the Winds? dtf ufually 
Ihift, are fbme in the Weji Indies^ as that 
part of the Coaft between Cape Gratia 
de Dios-^ and Cape La Vela chiefly : The Coaft of 
Brazi/ •, the Bay of Fandma in die South Seas, and 
all the Coaft of the Eajt Indies^ even from the 
River 'Natal^ which is in the Lat of 30 d. Southr- 
on the Eaft fide of Africa^ beyond the Cape of good 
Hope^ to the North Eaft Parts of 0)ina:^ compre- 
hending all the Bays between. The Iflands alio have 
theit Annual chaiiges ^ Of all thefe I fhall treat 
in thek order, beginning firft with that Coaft which 
lyes between Cape Gratia de Dios^ and Cape La 
Vela : And I the rather begm with this part firft, be- 
caufe this part of the We^ Indies is all that is fob- 
jeO: to diange 1 neither is the change altogether 

Bbb fo 



lb orderly, or certain as the Monfoones in the Eajl 
Indies ^01 the (hifting Winds on the Coaft of 
Brazil. 

The Common Trade-Wind on this Coaft is be- 
tween the N. E. and the Eaft -, This Trade blows 
conftantly from March till November^ but is often 
checked with Tornadoes in the Months of May^ 
June^ July and Auguft^ eQ)ecially between the Ri- 
ver of Darien and ufianca ^ but to Wind-ward 
there is a more ferene AiXjahd a brisker Wind : From 
OSokr till March there are Wefterly Winds, not 
conftant, ncMr violent, but blowing moderately ibme- 
times 2 or 3 Days or ar Week ^ and then the &eez 
may blow again as long. Thele Winds are n[K>fi in . 
December and January j before and after thefe two 
Months the Trade-Wind is only check'd a Day or 
two near the full or change of the Moon 5 and 
when the Wefterly Winds blow longeft and ftron- 
geft on the Coaft, the Eafterly Trade-Wmd blows 
oflFat Sea, as at other times. Near Caj^f La Vela^ the 
true Trade blows within 8 or 10 Leagues off the 
Shore, when die Wefterly Winds blow on the Coaft, 
except in a ftrong North, which turns the Trade- 
Wind back, and on the Coftarica , and betweffi it 
and the River D^nV;? the Wefterly Winds, as they 
are more fiequent and lafting, than towards Cape La 
Vela^ ib alio they blow ferther off at Sea, as Ibme- 
times as far as to 20 or 30 Leagues ftom the 
Shore. 

Therefore Ships bound to Windward, if they 
have fiir to go, either take the opportunity of the 
Wefterly Wind-Seafon, or elfe go through theGulph 
of Florida^ and ftretch away to the North, till they 
get into a variable Winds way, and then run to the 
Eaft ward as far as they tliink convenient before they 
fl retch to the Southward again. All that are bound 
from the Wejl Indies to Guinea muft take this courle, 
ii Aey fail from Jamaica (becaufe they muft pofs 

thro' 



J 



thro* the Qulph <tf Florida) but from other Iflands 
tibiejr may ftretch away dkeffly to the North, and 
iile the lame tiKthod. 

But if Ships have only a finall way to Sail to 
Wind-ward^ ihcy makeufe of the Sea and Land 
&eezes, making no aaount of the time of die 
Yean 

Tte Winds on the Coaft of BraziL are from Sef- 
ttmier till March at E. K E and ftom Mar$h till 
Af^pr^^rie'r again they are at South* • 

The Wiais in the Bay of Manama arefiom Sepi^ 
t^nixr till March Eaftetly^ and fi:<wn March tiU Sep^ 
tember again they arc at S. andS. S. W, 

From the Cape of goodUo^ Eaflwards^ as far as 
the Riv^ Natul^ which lies in 3od. Soutib Latitude^ 
and Cape Corientes in Lat of 24 degrees Souths the 
Winds ftom M<y to OSob^r are conftantly from the 
Wefl to the North Wdfl*^ within 30 Leases of the 
Shore : Tbey blow hardeft at North Weft^ When 
the Wind comes to die North Weft, it is commonly* 
ftormy and tempeftous Weather, attended with much 
Rain, and then the Weadier is cold and chilly. 
Frcxn Q8<Aer till March the Winds are Eafterly \ 
fixMn the E. K E. totheES.E^ youhavethen v^y 
fiir Weather: The E. N. E. Winds ate pretty frefh^ 
hit the Winds at E. S- E. are finall and &int, Ibme^ 
times afibuding fome drops of Rain. 

From Cape Corientes to the Red-Sed^ fix>m OHo- 
i^rr tijyi the middle of January the Win^ afc vari- 
able, but moft times Nonherly, and oft (hifting 
round the Compafi: The ftrongeft Winds are at 
North \ thele are often very violent and flormy, and 
accompanied with much Kain, and thtss it blows 
about the ilbnd of Madt^afcar and the adjacent 
Ulands. 

Thefe ftorms are commonly ptcceded fey a great 
Sea out of the NorA. From //wr^tf/y till iM^y the 
Winds are at K E cr RR E. £ai6 Irefh gales and 

B bb a &if 



fair Weather. From M^y tiH Offober the Wind$ 
are Southerly, in Ju/y^ Augufi and September there 
are great Calms in the Bay of Fate and Melende^ 
and a ftrong Current fettuig mto the Bay : There- 
ibre Ships that have occafion to pals this way in thofe 
three Months, ought to keep at leaft loo Leagli^ 
from the Coaft to avoid being driven by the Current 
into the Bay -, for thefe Cartas do fometimes laft 
6 Weeks, yet off at Sea, at the diftance of loo 
Leagues the Winds are ftefti at Souti. At the 
entrance into the Red-Sea near Cape Guardefuer liere 
are commonly very hard gales and turbulent Wea- 
ther, even when the Calms are lb great in the &y 
of Melende^ and not above lo or 12 Leagues at Sea 
ftom the laid Cape^ there is alio very fair Weather, 
and pretty fielh Gales. 

In the Red-Sea from May till OSober^ the Winds 
are ftrong at S. W. and the Current letting out ftrong, 
ib d)at there is no entring into that S^ in thole 
Months, except you keep clofe to the South Shore, 
there you have Land-Winds, and an eddy Current. 
In the Months of September or OQober^ the Wmd 
fhuffles about to the North, and at laft fettles at 
N.E. then comes feir Weather on this Coaft ^ and 
fo continues till the Monfoon fliifts, which is in A- 
prii or May ^ then it firlt takes one flurry at North, 
and ftcm thence veers to the Eaft, and io about to 
the South, and there it fettles. 

The Account of this Coaft from Hy^Cape of good 
Hope hither, I had from Capt. Rogers. 

And as this hither-moft part of the Eaft Indies^ 
even from the Cape of good Hope to the Red-Sea^ 
which Coaft lies neareft N. E and S, W. hath its ' 
Ihifting Sealbns, &> the odier Parts of Jndta^ from 
the Gulph of Yerjia to Cape Comorin^ has its con- 
ftant Annual change, and nom Comorin^ dear round 
the Bay of Bengal^ the change is no lefi ^ and 
even horn thence, through the Streigbts of Ma- 
lacca^ 



Of the coaftmg TradefWsndsy &c. 1 1 

lacca^' and Eaft wards as far as fapa/!^ the fhifting 
Trade-Winds do alternately fucceed each other as 
duly as the Year comes about. 

It cannot be fuppofed that the Trade-Wind in all 
tiiefe Places, fliould be exaftly qn one Point of the ^ 
Compals: Fori have already ttiown, that thefe 
Trade-Winds on any Coaft do commonly blow flan- 
ting in on the Shore about 2 or 3 Points ^ therefore 
in Bays where the Land lies on feveral Rombs, the 
Winds muft alter accordingly,; Though that Rule 
does not hold altogether true in Bays that are deep, 
but is chiefly uieant for a pretty flieight Coaft, which, 
lyes near alike i allowing for Points of Land and 
finall Coves, which make no alteration : But on 
the fides and in the bottom of large Bays, fuch as 
the Bay of Bengal/^ the Bay of Siam^ tfc. the Wind 
differs, much on one fide of tlie Bay from what it 
does on the other ^ and bpth fides differ from the 
conftant Trade on the open Cpaft ^ yet all fhift in 
the IhifHng Seafons, which are il^r/V arid September 
at one and the lame time, to then: oppofite Points : 
I mean on the open Coaft, for in ' feme Bays there 
is a little alteration from that general Rule. 

Thefe fhifting Winds in the JEW/? Indies^ are 
called Monfoont'^ one is called the Eaft Monfoon^ 
the other the Weft Monfoon. The Eaft Monfoorr 
lets in dhout September and blows till April -^ then 
ceafeth, and the Weft Monfoon takesplace and blows 
till September again. 

And both the Eaft and Wieft Monjhons blow \xi 
their. Seafons flanthig ia on the Coalt, as is before 
defoibed : The Eaft Monfoon brings fiiir Weather 5 
the Weft Brings Tornadoes and Rain. For^ (as T 
laid bdTore in the firft Chap, of the General Trade- 
Wind at Sea) when the Sun conies to the North of 
tlie Line then all Flaces North of the Equator, with^ 
in the: Tropicfcs, are troubled wkh, 'Qouds and Rain,^ 
but when ^e Sun is in Southam Sigsxs then thp Sky is 

Bbb 3 clear. 



"^'i Of the cQ4ftMigTradeW$iMiA^ 

dear. And as moft of the Trading Coantries io the 
taji Indies, efpecially thofe on the main Continent, 
do lye between the Line and the Tropick dtCmcer : 
So thefe Countries are all iubjeft to the Changes 
and Sealbns already defcritbed. But thelflands lying 
under rfie Line, and to the South between the Line 
^d the Tropick of Capricorn, have contrary Seaibns 
to thefe. Yet do they chai^ at the fclf-fetnetijne. 
The diiFerence between the Monjoom on the 
]North of the Line, and the Mm/ems on the Sottth 
of the Line is that in ^^/'^i/, when the Weft Mm- 
faon&ts in to the North of the Line, the S. S. W» 
^ Winds fetsin to the South of the Line, and is called 
the S.S. W.Mon/ppn. And in Sefiie^ber when: the 
Eaft Monfoon fets in to the North of the Line, tiii 
N. N. E. Wind blows in South Lat and is callai the 
N. N. E. JNlonfoQtt: And whereas the Wq& Mcmfoon 
is iiccompanied with Tornadpes and Rain in North 
Lat. the S.S. W.Mmfoon, which blows at thefime 
time in South Ligtt is accompanied with feir Wea- 
th».:. And as the Eaftv?fc^^ is^attendcd with feir 
Weather in North Lat the N. H 1L Morifoan, which 
blows at the iametimein South Lat. isattendfidwitk 
Tornadoes and very bad Weather. . Andthoudi thefe 
^inds do not ftitt cxkiSHy at one tpie in all Years \ 
yet Sept. and. >Apt^ are. always accounted the turning 
Months, and do commonly parficipate of botii forts 
of Winds. For thefe Mcmfoms do as conflantly: 
fliift by turns, as the Year comes about AxA by 
saeans of this change, of Wind, Ships have the be- 
nefit to fail from one part of India, with One Wind, 
and return witft tije contrary: So that moft cS the 
Naviga,tionin.iiM5^ depends cm the Monfoons. Anii 
Ships do conitaittly wah: for diefe Clianges^ and tins 
MeiTchants fit out to any Place aax>tding as the Sea* 
fen of the Year diawson : AM wherelbeverthey go 
th^ certainly d^p^tch their hulmefi ib as ^t^ 
back agam mtfa tite. next 01 contrary ^^^ Foe 

.- here 



Of tlfec9»Jtm^ TradeWtndSy && z^ 

here is no lailing to and from any Place, but with 
^e Monfoon -, One carries them out, the other brings 
^em badsi Neither do I know how it were pof 
fible for Merchants in thele Parts to Trade by Sea 
from one Country to anotiiey, were it not for thefe 
(hifting Monfoons. For, as I have laid before , 
moft of the Trading Kingdoms in India do lye be- 
tween the Line, and the Tropick of Cancer. Aqd the 
Land lies fo to the North, that Ships cannot go to the 
North of the Tropick, and by that means get into a 
variable Winds way \ as they may and do iH the Weji 
Indies^whcn they are bound far to the EaftwarA Nei- 
ther could it be any advantage to ftand off to Sea, as 
they may in the South Sea ^ for that would be of lit- 
tle moment, becaufethey would then come fb near the 
Line, that they would be always lyable to Tornadoes 
and Calms : Aid Ihould thejr crofi the Line and run 
to the Southward of it. thinking that way to gain 
their Paffage, it is likely' they might fucceed no 
better there : For that part of the Sea which 
lies to the Southward ox the Line is open and 
ftee to' the tme Trade, which leldom fails : But 
indeed that Wind would camr them to the 
Southward quite beyond the Trade into a vari- 
able Winds-way. But the S&i is not open there, 
for Ships to pals fo far to the Eaftward as to 
gain their Ports, 

For our Ea^ India Ships that are bound to Siam^ 
TunqueenA3)ina^^Q. cannot get thither but in the , 
Sealon or the Weft Monfoon , though they go 
direOiy from England ^ and thou^ after they are 
paft the Cape ^ they have the convenience to 
tbretch, to the Eaftward , as fer as tiie Land will 
p^mit, yet they cannot go fb fir as is con- 
venient before they will be obliged to fleer down 
within the Courfe of the Trade-Winds, which would 
cbflrua: their PafTage, if they were as conflant here 
9S in other Places. And therefore if thefe Anniver- 

Bi b b 4 fary 



#jy^ viff»i»9f»e.<cr«Mf«^r ff-» 




lary Monfoons did not conftandy fucceed each ot 
Ships coTold not palsbiit oneway ^ they mijght 
to die Weft ward, but there tjiey muft lye up or bp 
5 or 4 Years in their return fiom a place which may be 
lailed hi 6 Week^ yet liay that to Places near eact 
other Ships may and do very often fiil agamft the 
jN[.onfoon\ and mat with ftccefi : For here are Sea 
and Land Breezes under the Ihore, and in many 
iPlaces good Anchoring, by which means Ships may 
flop when they find die Cunent agamft them : But 
Voyages of a^:eat diftance cannot be maide only 
widi Land and Sea-Winds without fome other helps. 
In the W. Indies we have thefe helpis ofLand- Winds 
and Sea-Breezes by Which we ftil from one place to 
another,provided they are n6 ^reat diftance afunder^an^ 
perform our Voyages well enough^ but when we are 
to fail a great yvay to the Eaftv^rd againft the Trade- 
Wuid, then we are forced, as is laid before, either tp 
paife thro' the Gulph of florida^ if we are far to Lee- 
ward, or 'elie to pals between the Iflancj^, and lb 
ftretch away to the Northward, till we are clear put 
6f the Trade, and lb get our Longitude that way. So 
in the South Seas alio, and on the Coafts of Guinea^ 
the Coaft' of ^ Brazif^ and the Coaft of Africa^ 
between ' the Cape of good Hope and the Red-Sea^ 
there ire\Sea and Land Breezes, which maybe 
made li^ of* to fail agaiAft the'Trade^ if the Voyages 
be Ihort: But when we, ^e to fail, a great way 
againft the Trade-Wind, we muft 'not wholly de- 
fend on th6 Sea and Lind Breezes ^ for then we 
mould bea long time in accOmplilhingliichVpyages. 
In luch Cafes we haverecotirfe to other helps, liich 
as Providence has lupplied di^fe'Seas with, which 
feems to be wanting in the'jEj/? Indies •, as for iexam: 
pie, in thfe South 8?as8c On tnef Coaft of P^r/^wherq 
the Southerly Winds blow conrfandy all the Year, 
there Ships that are bound to the Southward ftretcl^ 
off to the W^ward till they are out of die Coaft-. 



WW rr#P*#^ 



ing Trade-Wind, and there meet with die true Trade 
atES- E. widi which they fail as far as they pleafe to 
dig Southward, and then fteer in for thek Port, Sp 
on the Coaft of Mexico^ where the Coafting Trade 
is Wefterlj, there they run off to Sea, till they meet 
tiie true t. N. E Trade •, and t^enftr^chaway ^o tiie 
Northward, as far as their Port •, and Ships that com^ 
from the WiHpines^ bound for the Q)aft of Mexico^ 
ftretch away to the North, as far as 40 degrees to get 
a Wind to bring them on the Coaft. 

Thus alio all Ships bound to the JEj/?//?^/^ J, aftpr 
they are jpaft the Line in the Atlantick Ocean, ftretdt 
away to the Southward beyond the Trade, and then 
ftand overto the Eaftward, towards the Cape^ fo in 
returning home, after nhey have croft the Line tQ the 
Northward, they ftegr away North, widi the Wind at 
EN. E. till they are to the Northward of" the Trade- 
Wind,' and then direft their Courle Eafterly. All Qui- 
f{ea Ships and W^fibiM Ships do the lame in their 
returns : And this is the Benefit of an open Sea. But 
to return. 

TlIlq Monfoones among the Eaft India Mands that 
lye to the Southward of the Line, as I laid before, 
are either at N. N. E. or S. S. W. Thefe alio keep tincie, 
and lhift:,as the\/M[^;7/lc^^WJ 4^ to the North of the Line^ 
in the Months Qf ^j^ri/ dxiiL Sept/mbery hut near the, 
Line, as a 4egree or two on ?ach fide, the Winds ard 
notfoconftant. Indeed there they are lb very uncer* 
tain, thatlcannot be particular lb as to give any trae 
Account of them : Only this I know, that Calms are 
very fiequent there, as allb Tornadoes and liidden 
Ciufts -,. in which the Winds fly in a moment quit^ 
tbrnid the Comp^, * 



C H A P^ 



15 



C H A P. IV. 

Of Sm and Jjindr^ru7$9, 

Bow Sea Breezes differ from Common Trader 
Winds. The time and mannef of their Rife ; 
And partieularly at Jamaica. Of the Land- 
Breezes. The time and manner (^ their Rife 5 
As on the Ifihmus of Darien and at Jamdca. 
The places vpbere thefe Winds hUm jfrongefi or 
Jfacksfi ; as at Capes and Head Lands j deep 
Bays, Lagunes and Iflands. Seals-S^ Bladi 
ders ufed inftead of BarkLoggs. 



s 



E A-Breezes, generally Ipeaking, are no other 
than the Common Trade-Wind of the Coafts 
on which they blow^ with this, difference, iJiat 
whereas all Trade- Wmds, whether they are thofe 
that I call the general Trade-Winds at Sea , or 
coafting Trade- Winds, either conftant or flufting, do 
blow as well by Night as by Day, with an equal 
briskneft,except when Tornadoes happen: So contrari- 
ly Sea-Winds are'ohly in the Dav, and ceafe In the 
Night J and as alt Trade-Winds plow conftantly near 
to one Point of the Compals, both where the con- 
ftant Trade-Winds are, or where they fliift 5 on tiie 
contrary thefe Sea-Winds do differ from them in this, 
that in the Morning when they firft ipring up, they 
Mow commonly as the Trade- Winds on theCc»ft do, 

at 



t - ^ 



Of Sed and LamBreezes. 27 

at or near the lame Point of the Compafi ^ but about 
Mid-Day they fly off 2, 3 or 4. Points ftirdicr fiom 
the Land, and,fb blow ahnoft right in on the Coaft, 
dpedally in feir Weather ^ for then the Sca-Breetes , 
are truen ^ as for initance, on the Coaft of Angala 
t^ Land lies almoil North and South, there tibe 
^radeWind is fiom the S.& W. to the S. W. the true 
Sea Breezes near the fliore are atVihySjox W.S. W^ 
and & of any other CoalL ' 

ThefeSea-Breezes do commonly rife in the Mcar* 
ning about Nine a Clock, ibmetimes iboner, fomei 
times later ^ they firil approach the fhore Sb gentl]^, 
as if they were aftaid to come near it, and oft- 
times thejr make Ibme faint breatiiings, and as if not 
*dlling to offend, they make a halt, and feem ready 
to retire. I have waited many a time both afhore ta 
leceive the plealiare, and at Sea to take the benefit 
of it. 

It comes in a fine, finall, black Curie upon the 
Water, whcnas all the Sea betjveen it, and the fhore 
not yet re^Uby it,is as finooth and even asGlailsin 
Companion t, in half an Hour's time after it has 
readied the fhore it fans pretty biiskly, and fo in- 
creafeth gradually tiU 12 a Clock, then it is com- 
tnbnly flraigeft, and lafls ib till 2 or 3 a very brisk 
gale ^ about i2atNoc«iit alio veres oflFtD Sea 2 
or 3 Points, or m(»:e in very fair Weather. After 3 
a Clock it begins to dye away again, and gradually 
jKJithdraws its force tilj all is §)ent, and ' about 5 a 
Clock, fboner or later, according as the Weather is, 
it'is luli^'d aHeep, zxd comes no more till the next 
Morning. 

' Thefe.Winds:areasconftentl3rexpeaedasthe izy 
in their proper Latitudes, and feldom foil but in the 
teet Sealbn* Gn all Coafte of i the inahi,' whether in 
the Eaji otW^eft Indies^ ot Gumea^^they rif^ m the 
Motting, and withdraw tovvards the Evening, yet 
/".-. /.r^^; i';-'r- ;■•;■;;...■ .^;-:-.i. :. .•• ^^^ 'Capes 



2$ Of Sea and Land^Breezes. 

Capes and Head-Lands have the greateft benefit of 
rfiem^ where they are higheft, rife earlier, and blow 
later. 

Bays contrarily have the difidvantage, for there 
they blow but faintly at beft, and their continuance 
h but ftiort. Iflands that lye neareft Eaft and Weft; 
have the benefit of thefe Winds on both fides equally ; 
for.i£the Windis atS. W.orS.W. »byS.ontiie 
Sou± fide of any Ifland, then on the North fide it 
would be at N. W; 6r N. W. by K i. ^. in fair Wea- 
ther 5, but if turbulent Weather it would be E. S. £• 
pn the Southfide, and E. N. E, on the other : But 
this true Sea-Breeze does not veer fo far out except 
only hear the (bore, as about 3 or 4- Leagues diftant^ 
far farther tlian tliat, you will find only the right 
Coafting Trade-Wind. This I have experienced in 
leveral Parts of the Wodd, particularly at Jamaica y 
about which I have made many Voyages, both on the 
North and the South fide, where 1 have experienced 
the Sea-Bfeezes very much to diflFer ^ for on the 
South fide I have found the true Sea-Wind after 12 
a Qock, and in very fak Weather at S- or S. S. E 
though It Iprung up in the Morning at E S^ E. or S. E. 
And on the North fide I have found the Sea-Breez at 
N. or N. N. E. though it rofe in th? Morning at E 
N.E. but whether there may be the lilse, diflerence 
about Jmaller Iflands, zs 2t Barbadoes^ He. I cannot 
determine, tho' I^m apt to believe there is not; 
So much for the Sea-Winds ^ next of die Land-- 
Jpree^es. . .0 ' 

L-and^Breexes^arc as remarkable as any Winds that* 
I have yet treated of-, they are quite contrary to the 
Sea-Breezes 5 for thofe blow nghtfroai theftiore, 
but tteSda-Breez right in- upon the Ihore^ And as" 
the Sea-Breezes do blow in the Day and.reft in the/ 
Nigh(i;':fo on the contrary, thefeao blow in the* 
Night and reft in the Day, and'fo- ttey dp ialter- 
^ ' J ' nately 



natdy fiicceed each other. For when the Sea-Bteezes 
have performed their Offices of the Day, b^ brea- 
tJiin^ on their relpeftive Coafts, they in the Evening 
do either withdraw from the Coaft, or lye down to 
reft ^ Then the Land-Winds whofe Office it is to 
l)reathe in the Night moved by the fame order of Di- 
vine Impulfe, do rouze out of their private recefles 
and gently fen the Air till the next Morning ^ and 
then their task ends and they leave the Stage. 

There can be no proper time f et when they do 
begin m the Evening, or when they retire in the 
Morning, for they do not keep to an hour -, but 
they commonly Q)ring up between 6 and 1 2 in the 
Evening, and laft till 6^ 8, or 10 in the Morning* 
They both come and go away again earlier or later, 
according to the Weather, the Sealbn of the Year^ 
or Ibme accidental Caufe from the Land : For on 
ibme^Coafts they do rife earlier, blow ftefher, and 
remain later than on other Coafts, as I fhall (hew 
hereafter. 

They are called Land-Winds, becaufe they blow 
off fhore contrary to the Sea-Breez, which way lo- 
ever the Coaft lies : Yet I would not io be under- , 
ftood, as if theie Winds are only found to breathe 
near the fliores of any Land, and not in the Inland 
Parts of liich Counuies remote from the Sea -, fo^ 
in my Travells I have found them in the very heart 
of the Countries that I have pafled through 5 as 
particularly on the Ifthmus of Darien^ and the Ifland 
of Jamaica : Both which places I liave travelled over 
from Sea to Sea ^ yet becaufe thefe are but' finall 
Trafts of Land in comparifon with the ttvo main 
Bodies of Land of Mexico and Feru^ and thofevaft. 
Regions in AJia and Africa lying within the Tropicks, 
I cannot determine whether the Land- Winds are 
there, as I have found them in my finall Travels : 
therefore I fhall only confine this particular IHl- 

courfe 



courfe to thefe and other Places within my own 
Obfervatiofls. I (hall begin firft with the Ifthnuis of 
Darien ^ there I have found the Land-Winds in the 
middle of the Country blowing all Ni^t, and till 
lo or 1 1 a Qock in die Morning, before I could 
per€3eive the Sea-Breeze to arife, and that not difier- 
qable many times, but by the flying of the Qouds^ 
clpecially if I was in a Valley-, and it was in Val- 
lies that I did chiefly perceive the Land-Winds^which 
blew in ibme places one way, in others contrary-, or 
fide ways to that, according as the Vallies lay paid 
up between the Mountains ^ and that without any 
^ refteO: to either the North or the South Seas, but 

teed near eidier fide of the Land, they always 
bent their courfe towards the neareft Sesi, imlels 
there was any Hill between them and the Sea, and 
then tiiey took thek Coutfe along in the Vaflies 5 
but from both ffaores^ as well §om the Neath as iim 
South thqr blow right forth into the Sea. 

In the niand of Jamaica thele Land-Wiixls are in 
the middle of the Countiy, alio I haw found them 
ib, as I travelled from one fide of the Ifland to the 
odier, having lain 2 Nights by the way, as I had 
befc«:e oblerved them, when I liVd at id Miks 
Walk, where I continued about 6 Months ^ bat 
there and in other Ulands the Land-Winds do blow 
towards the neareft fhores, and fb from thence c^ 
to Sea, whether Ae fliore's lye Eaftj Weft, Neath or 
South, 

Thele Winds blow off to Sea, a greater or ld& 
diftance according as the G>aft lies more or left ex- 
poled to the Sea-Winds : For in fome Places we find 
them brisk 3 or 4 Leagues off Ihore, in other Places 
not fo many Miles, and in lome Places di^ Icarce 
peep without the Rocks, or if they do fixnetimes m 
very fair Weather msdse a lally out a Mile or 2 
tfaey are not lafting, but luddenly vaniffa away, 

though 



though yet there are every Night as ftefli Land- 
Winds amoreat thofe Places as in any other part of 
die World. 

Places moft remarkable for the feweft or fainteft 
Land-Winds, are thofe that lye moft open to the 
Common Trade-Winds , as the Eaft ends of any 
Iflands where the Trade-Winds do blow in upon the 
Shore, or the Head-Lands on Iflands or Continents 
tlwt are open to the Sea-Breez, efpedally where the 
Trade-Wind blows down fide^ways, by the Co^^ 
for there luch Head-Lands as ftretch fartheft out to 
Sea are moft expofed to Winds from the ^ea ^ and 
have the lels benefit of the Land-Breezes. 

I Ihall give a few Inftances of either- And firft 
of all b^n witli the N. E. andS. E Points of die 
Illand o\Jamaica\ Thefe Points are at the Eaft end of 
the Ifland, one is at the very Extreme of the Nortii 
fide towards the Eaft, the other on the South Bc- 
treme towards the lame Point •, at thefe two Places 
we feldom light of a Land-Wind ^ nor very often 
at the end of the Ifland between them, except near 
the flioife. For that Reafon the Sloop-men of Ja- 
maica that Trade round the Ifland are commonly 
puttothek Trumps, when they come there in theur • 
Voyages : For if they meet no Land-Wind they are 
obli^ to beat about by turning to wind-ward againft 
the Sea-Breez in the Day time 5 they then curfe tliefe 
Points of Land, and are fooliftily apt to believe 
that feme Damon haunts there. 

And if they are 2 or 3 Days in beating about (as 
Ibmetimes they are) when they return to ?ortRoyal^ 
they will talk as much of liieir Fatigues, as if they 
haa been beating a Month to double the Cape of good 
Hope^ though indeed the Men are brisk enough, and 
manage their floops very well •, which alio are ge- 
nerally very good Boats to lail on a Wind. I think 
they are the beft finall Trading*Boats in the Kin£% 
DonaiiHons. 

^ Point 



l^ 



Point Tedro on the South-fide of the Ifland, is 
janodier very bad Point to double , if a Ship 
conpe ftom tiie Weft-end of the Ifland ^ This Point 
runs out far into the Sea^ and is not only deftitute 
of the Comtoon Land-Winds, But if thcite is any 
Cutrent fetthig to Leeward, here the Sloop-men meet 
it Therefore thejr are many times longer beating 
about It, then about the two former Points of the 
South Eaji and the NorthEafi^ and not without be- 
ftowing fome Curfes upon it. Nay, Ibme Captains 
of Privateers, when they have been beating about it, 
have flood clofe in to the Pointy and teed diek 
Guns to kill the old Damon that they lay inhabits 
there to diflurb poor Seamen. I have related thefe 
odd Paflages to mew hoW ignorant Men are that can- 
not fee die Realbn of it. And becaufe I am not 
willing to leave my Reader in the dark, I ftiall 

f' ive a few Inftances more on this iubjeQ:. The 
Jorth fide of Jucatan^ at the entrance into the Bay 
of Campeachy , gives us another Inftante of bad 
Land- Winds ^ and commonly where the Land-Winds 
are fcantv, the Sea-Breezes are but indifierent neither. 
This will partly appear by what I have obferved of 
them on this Coaft between Cape Cat oach ^ and Cap^ 
Condefeado at the entrance of the Bey oSCampeachey^ 
which two places are about Eighty Leagues 'di- 
' ftant ^ for there the Land trends Eaft and Weft. 
It is a ftreight Coaft and lies all of it equally 
expofed to Sie Trade-Wind, which is commonly 
there at E.N.E. To the W.of thefe Places the Sea and 
Land-Winds do as duly liicceed each oAer, as otf 
any other Coaft, but here they are each of thent 
of a Baftard kind ^ for the ^ea-Breezes are at 
N. E. by E. ^hich is no better than a Coaft Trade- 
Wind, and the Land- Wind is at E. S. E. or 5. E 
by E. whereas if the Winds were as true there as 
On other Coafts, the SearBreez would be at N.N.E. 

feme- 



x^ ci^0 ma ijmameizgf^ ^ jj 

lometimes at N. and the Land-VVinds would be at 
S. S. E and S, as they are indeed dofe under the 
Ihore ; which if they do at any time come ofFfiom^ 
they are very faint. The Land on this Coaft is low 
and even, and the Land-VVinds alhore are pretty 
brisk* 

The Capes on the Peruvian Coaft in the South 
Sfos^ will more fiilly make it appear, that Head- 
Lands do feldom aflford any Land- Winds.^ I fhall 
only Inftance mG^e Pajfao^in Lat- 8 Minutes Sauth^ 
Cape 5/. Lam^ence^ in Lat. i di -^ South^ and Cape 
Blanco^ in 3 d. — South. I have pals'd by Aem all 
leveral times and at different Seafbns ^ yet did never 
find any Land-winds there, though between tliefe 
Places there are very gtxxl Land-winds. Therdfore 
Ships that fail to the Southdard againft the Breez, 
muft beat it about by hard Labour, ei^dally about 
Cape Blanco^ fot that lyes more expoled than rfie 
oUer 2: and if there is any Current, as commoidy, 
the Spaniards are a long time getting about, ibme- 
tijtnes a Fortnight or 3 V Veeks^ and when they have 
fy\k then: Sails^ which are Hdom very good, they 
run back to Guiaquill to mend them agaui. We 
found it hard getting ^bout, tho' our Sails were 
good •, and I think we could work our Ships better 
than the Spaniards are ever able to do in thole 
Seas. 

I have already given leveral Inftancesof liich 
Places, ^as have no Land-VVinds, or at leaft but very 
ordinary ones ^ I fhall next proceed hi order to (hew 
where the fk(Migeft or beft Land-VVinds are met^ 
with • and then 1 fhall Ipeak of thofe Places where 
there blows a moderate and mdifferent Gale between 
both Extreams : That fb any one may judge by the 
Lying of the Land, whether it may attord a good 
Land*wind or no« 

Ccc The 



The briskeft Land-winds are commonly in 4eep 
Bays^ in great Lakes within Land, and .among great 
Ranges x)t Iflands br final! Keys that lye near tilie 
Ihore : Ilhall give Inftances of all thefe. And as 
for Bays, Ifhall firft pitch on the Bay of Gmpeacfy^ 
which lies between Cape Condecedo and the High- 
Land of 5/. Martin 5 between both tiiefe Places the 
Land-winds are as brisk 2 or 3 Leagues off at Sea^ 
as in any Place that I know. In the Cod or Middle 
of the Bay, the Land trends ftc«n Eaft to VVeft^ 
there the Sea-Breezes are at North, and tie Land- 
winds at South \ they commonly beg^ to blow at 
7 orS a Clock in the Evening, and continue till 8 
or 9 the next Morning^ in the dry Seatbn eQmally, 
In that Bay there is an liland, called by the En^im 
Beeflflandftom the multitude of Bulls and Cowa 
that inhabit it The finell of tiiefe wild Cattle is 
driven off to Sea^ by the Land-winds io fielh, that 
by it Mafters of Ships failing in the Night on this> 
Coaft have known where they were, airi. have pre- 
iendy andiored that Night, and come into the Hlaod 
of irift ±e next Day ^ whereas they would other- 
wife have paft farther to the Weftwaid quite out 
of their way, if they had not finell'd thelbrong ibent 
of titiele Cattle. 

5*0 aU the bottom of Ae Bay of Mexico^ even- 
from the High-Land of St. Martini&£mn to Lover a^ 
Cruz^ and from thence Northerly tovraids the Riter 
Mefchajipi affords good Land-winds and Sea-bree5Ees^ 
The Bay of Honduras alio, and almoft all the Coaft 
between it and Cape k Vela^ affords the like, al- 
lowing for theCapes and Pomts of Land, which lye 
between *, where it fails more oriels, as die Fointsioio 
lye more or lefs expofed to the Sea-BreeEe& 

So in the South Seas^ ths Bs^ys otPaoama^ Guz* 
kquil^ Paita^ &c. have their frefh Land>windsaiid Sea-. 
breezes. But in ibme Places, as pjffticularly at Paita^ 

^e Land-wind^ do not %ing up till i a a Qock in 

the 



M^ f9i^ mm Mjfma^jar^ezei0 3 r 

the Nighty but then are always very ftefh, and laft 
till 7 or 8 the next Morning •, and they are 
ix>nftant all the Year long : Whereas in the Bay of 
Fanama^ and alfo in all the Bays and Coafts of the 
Qther, or'Nofth fide of America already defcribed^ 
they are flot lb conftant in the wet Sea/on as they 
are in the dry. 

The Bay oiCampeachy will allb aflPord us Inftances 
of the Land-winds that * blow in Lagunes : As 
for inftanee, the Lagune of Trifi^ which is about p 
or lo Leagues lot^ and 3 brOad, is barricadoed from 
|he Sea by tiie Hland of Trj/?. There the Land-winds 
blow in the dry Sea/on ftom 5 or 6 a Clock in 
the Evei!tiiig^ till p or 10 in the Morning. There are 
pNO Other hagmies lying within that, and parted 
fioro it by low Mangrave'Land i tiiere the Xand- \ 

winds are ttefli^ and the Sea-Breeze duller, and of 
^ lefi confhHiance, than in the Lagune of Trift. 
Nay, Ibmetitnes the Land-wind blows all Day ^ Ih 
}A the Lagune of Maracaybo to Wind-ward or Cape 
jAJta Vela^ the Land-winds are very ftefh and lafting. 
The like may be laid of the Lagune of Yenizuella 
or Comma. 

. Sometimes in the fore-mentioned Lagune^^ the 
Land-winds do blow for j or 4 Days and Nights 
together^ icarce fuf&ring the Sea-Breez to breath 
iS^XQ \. mough at the lame time the Sea-Breez may 
Uow jG»fli out at Sea : and if the Sea-Breez at fuch 
times flioifld make a bold Sally into thele Lagunes ^\t 
would be but of a fliort continuance. On the odier 
hafid at Cdpe^ and Head-Lands more expofed to Sea- 
Breezes, the Land-winds are fliier of coming there^ 
tJhaii the Sea-windsaie into Lagunes. Neither may 
<ve forget the Harbour* of Jamaica^ for there are 
vety good Land-winds. It is compafled in dh one 
fide with a- long Neck of Sand, and many fmall 
Ifl4Q4s at the mouth of it, and. within there is a 

Ccc 2 pretty 



Eretty deep Lake, in which are conftant Sea and 
and-winds, by which the Wherry-men run with 
full fail, both to Legamy or PaJfageFort^ from the 
Town and back again. They go away with the 
Sea-Breez, and return with the Land-wind. There- 
fore PalFengers that have occafion to go either wajr, 
wait for the coming of thefe Winds, except their 
Bufinels requires halt •, lor then they are rowed 
againlt the Breez •, and though the Land-winds do 
Ibmetimes fail or come very late, yet 'the Wherries 
feldom ftay beyond their conftant Hours of 7 or 
8 a Clock, and Ibmetimes the Land-winds do come 
by 3 or 4, but when they come fo early it is com- 
monly after a Tornado ftom the Land, This 
may iiiffice a^ to the Land-winds in Lakes or Bays. 
As to what may be fpoken concerning liie Land- 
winds among lilands, I (hall only mention 2 Places, 
Both of them m the Weji Indies •, the firft are the 
Keys of Cuba^ which are abundance of iinall Iflands 
bordering on the South fide of Cuha^ reaching in 
len^ from Eaft to Weft,, or near thofe Points, as 
the Ifland lies, ab$(Ut 70 Leagues ^ and in Ibme 
Places reachhig near 20 Le^ues from the laid 
Ifland. Among thefe Iflands, even from the outer- 
moft of them, quite home to Cuba^ there are very 
brisk Land-winds. They Ipring up early in the 
Evening, and blow late in the Morning. The J^- 
maica Turtlers vifit thefe Keys with good iiicoeis for 
Turtle all the Year long, and ftom thence bring moft 
of their Turtle wherewidi the Market of Vert- 
Royal is'ferved^ The other Iflands I Ihril mentiori 
are the Sambaioe Iflands betwixt Cape Samblafs zxA 
Golden Ifiand^ though they are not fo largp a Range 
as the Keys of Cuba^ yet- do they afford very good 
Land-tvinds 5 near as good as the Keys of Cuba do 
And thus much for the Places where the beft as well 
2^ wheit the fcanrieft w ftuntd^ Land-winds are 

founds 



Of Sea and Land-Breezes. 37 

found. I fhall next give fome Inftan&s of the 
Medium between both fcctreams. 

I have already (hewn that Capes and fuch Head- 
Lands as lye oiit feitheft fix)m the reft of the Ihpre, 
are thereby mpff expofed to the Sea-winds, and con- 
fequently the Land-winds are there much Sinter 
than in othei^ Places, elpecially in deep Bays or La- 
g^nes within land, or among Iflands and Imall Keys 
gfear the Land ^ All which is no more than my own 
Experience has taught me. I fhall now ihew how 
tiie Land-winds blow on Coafts that do lye more 
level. As all Coafts have their Points and tendings ^ 
ib accordingly the Land-winds are frefher or feinter, 
as you come either towards thefe bendings or towards 
intermitting Points or Head-Lands. 

I fhall give an Inftance of this by fhewing how 
the yVinds are on the Coaft of Caraccos. It is a»* 
ftreight a Short as I can pitch on,, yet fiiU of fmall 
Bays, divided from each other by a like number of 
Ridges of High-Land, that fhoot forth their Heads 
a little way without the Bays on each fide. There' 
in the Night or Mornuig, while the Land-wind 
blows, we find frefh Gales out of the Bays: but 
when we come abreaft of the Head-Lands, we find it 
Calm •, yet fee the Breez curling on the Water on 
both fides of m^ arid fbmetimes get a fpurt of it to 
help, us forward : and having recovered the Wind 
out of the next Bay, we pals by the Mouth of it 
prelently, till we- ccme to the next Head •, and 
th«:e we lye becalmed as before. 

Thele mys are not above half a Mile or a Mile 
wide 5 neither are the Heads niuch wider: but 
thefe Heads 6i the Ridges lying in between 
the Bays, have fteep Qifts againft the Se^v and 
where-ever I have met the like fteeptliflfe againft 
the Sea, I have feldom found ahy Land-Vvindi 
But in iill other Places where the Bays flrike deeper 
into the Land, there we find the Laod-winds'njore 

^ Ccc3 lafting 



lafling and ftrong-, and where the Points are ferther 
out, there are ftill the lefs Land-winds, and thebrijskpr 
Sea-Breezes. For the Capes and Jinaller Points on 
all fhores leem to be fb many Barri^does to breat^ 
ofFthe violence of the Se^-Bieezes-j for this we 
always find when we are turning to Wind-war^ 
being to Leeward of a Capp, mat the Breez/is 
moderate, elpecjially if we keep very near the fliorej 
but when once we come witmn a Mile;, more or le|§ 
of the Cape and ftand off to Sea, as fopn 9$ we get 
without it, we findliich a huffing 3r^ that ipilaiej 
times we are notable to ply agairift >t, but ih tiie 
Kightwe find a frefti L<n^-wind to jL^ewatd y thp^ 
when we come to ; th? Cape we find it Calnjs 9t 
)erhaps fometimes meet wi^ a Sea-wind. The tand- 
keezes on the Coaft of Guinea between Capf St. 
'A^m and C^pe Palmas^ ( mentioned in the Jec<^4 
Chapter of this Dileourfe,) ace 4t E. blowing hfi^U 
4 Leagues off fliore : tjie Sea-iyiijck there are at S.yV( 
DThe Land-winds op the Co^&iofAnipla areatE. Jf. )$ 
the Sea-wind$ atVV. ,S* VV. th^{k<fx^ y©fy tme VlVfe^ 
pf both kinds. . u • • 

The Land-winds on the Cpaflt of Pfr« and ^^t 
ico in the SoutI? Seas^ ar? in moft Blaces rigljit^ off 
fiom the fliore, elfe th§ Fift.er-m?n i;ould nevfjcgQ 
out t(? Sea, a$: :tJiey ^o^ on ^agk Lc^s. An4 ?s th? 
Lawi-winds are true thefip, fo are- the Sea-&:^e$ 
alio I for with the J^d-wind they go out to Fifl?, 
and return in again J^ith thie Sea-)vipds. ]% fcmf 
Places they ufe Seqls Skhjs iijl^e^d jof BafkX^^gS? i 
thi^ are madeibtjghtth^l: 90 Bladder is tighter* 
To thefe they feavs long Necks, Uk^ the Neck of .i^ 
Bladder, into wii^h tiiey put g Pipe^aqdblQW th^Eij 
up, as we do Bla^ders^ two of ^^ l^eirg jiftnejj 
jogether, a Mgn lets ^-ftride them> ; Jlaviqg oi)? -lift^ 
fore and the, odier behind him/, aa4 io fits ftipfr 

•than in a Tirpopers . Saddle. His Padle Js.Ufeti 



Ouarter-ftafF, with a broad Blade at each end •, with 
Siis he fttikes the Sea back, fiift on orje fide, and 
then on the ctjier, with each end of his Paddle, 
and ib av?5i himjelf ftefli way through the 

Water. 

In the Eaji Indies alio there are true Sea-Breezes, 
as well on the Iflands, as on the main. On Iflands,' 
as at Bantam in tiiQ JA^ndfava^ and ztAchin in 
the Ifland Sumatra^ and in many Places on the 
rlliimdMif^Jan4o ; And on the main ailb,as particularly 
at Fort Sty George ont tiie Cpaft Coromandel There 
(he Land-wijids blow right off from the fhore, and 
the Sea-winds right in ^ but Ibmetimes they come 
flanting in % and about Chriftmas they blow from the 
H E. or N. N. E. I found them lb when I came on 
die Coaft^ and being advifed of it by Mr. Coventry 
Ip whofe Sloop I then was, I fell in with the Land 
iQ or 12 Leagues to the Northward of the Fort, 
and had a hii^ Northerly Sea-wind to bruig me into 
the Road* 

I, think thefe Inftances are enough to fliew how 
tjieie Land-winds do ufually blow in mcfl: parts of 
the World j fliould I be votf particular, 'tis not a 
Uf ger Tr^atife than I intend this to be, would hold 
a quarter-part of it^. But I have been mote particular 
in. the Wefi Indies and South Seas^ becaufe thefe 
Land-winds are of more ufe there than in the Eaft 
Jndies : For though fometirnes Men in the Eafi hi- 
dies do turnagainft ^^Monjoones^ vet they do ge- 
nerally tarry- jor them before they oudge. 

. Indjeed thefe VVinds axe an extraordinary blefling 
tp thofe that ule the Sea hi any part of the World^ 
within the Tropicks •, for as the conftant Trade- 
winds da blow, > there could be no lailing in thefe 
jSea^: Sut by the hdp of the Sea and Land- 
Br@^e$, ^^pg; ^ill iail a or*3 hiindred Leagues •, as 
P?itKvl4|ly Rprni/^w^^^ to the L^une of^Xri/?,in 

Cca 4 the 



the Bay of Campeachy ^ and then back again, a^ 
againft the Trade-wuid : And I think this is one of 
the longeft Voyages that is ufed of this kind. If any 
of our Jamaica Sloops do go to Trifi^ and dei^ to 
carry their Wood to Qirafao^ then they put rthrou^ 
the Gulph of Florida. ^ ► 

The Spaniards alio that come from any part 
of the Bay of Mexico , and- are bptind to -any 
Place to Wind-ward cf the Ifland Cuba ^ are 
want to put through the Gulph, and ib ilretch 
away to the Northward , till they come dear 
of the Trade , and then ftand away as far as 
they pieafe to tiie Eaftward ^ This is alfo the 
ufual way from Jamaica to Barbadqes^ thoi^ 
ibmetimes they turn up by the Carribbee Iflands, 
only taking the Benefit of thele Sea and Land-winds. 
So alio Shjps rtay and do pals from Tortobelh to 
Carthagena^ or to St. Martha , . or to any other 
Place, by the help of thefe Breezes, if the di- 
ftance is not too far. So by taking ^e Advantage 
of thfefe Winds, Sloops in uie Wejt hidies M dear 
round the Iflands,or to any part of them,in a flK)rt time. 

In the South Seas lulo the Spaniards in their 
Voyages from Vandma to hima^ by taking tide 
Advantage of thefe Winds, do lail as^ hi^ as 
Cape Blanco ^ but in all their Voyages to the 
Southward of that Cape, they ftand quite off 
to* Sea into the Trade. Thus you fee the ufe and 
advantage of them. 

The Seamen that lail in Sloops or other ^all 
Veffels in the Wi^ Indies^ do know very well 
when they Ihall mieet a brisk / Land- Wind , 
by the Foggs that hang over the Land before 
Night i for it is a certain fign of a good Land- 
VVind, to fee a thick Fogg lye ftill and quiet 
like Smoak over the Land, not fiirnng any way ^ 
and we look out iot iiidi Sigt^ WDeo^ «we 

'■'''■ // '■ are 



1 



Of Sea and LandBreezes. 41 

are plying to Wind-ward. For if we fee no 
Fog over the Land^ the Land-wind will he but 
feint and Ihort that Ni^v Thefe fi^s are to 
be obferved chiefly in fair Weather \ for in the 
wet Seafm Foggs do hang over the Land all the 
Day, and it may be neither Land-wmd nor Sea- 
Breeze ftiiring. If in the Afternoon alio in 
feir Weather, we fee a Tornado over the 
Land, it conwhonly fends us forth a fiefli Land- 
Wind. 

Thefe Land-winds are very cold, and though tte 
Sea-Breezes are always much ftronger, yet thefe are 
€older..bv fiir. The Sea-Breezes indeed are very 
comfortable and reftelhing •, for the hotteft time in 
all the Day is about p, 10 or 11 a Qock ill 
the Morning, in the interval between both Breezes : 
For then it is commonljr Calm, and then People 
pant for breath, eipeaally if it is late before 
the Sea-Breez comes, but afterwards the Breez 
allays the heat. However, in the Evening again 
after the Sea-breez is ipent, it is- very hot till 
,the Land-wind iprings up, which is fometinies not 
till X^'elve a Clock or after. 
*"' For this Reafon Men when they go to Bed 
uncloath thenifelves and lyewittout any thing over 
them 5^ Nay, the ordinaiy fort of People Ipread 
jMats at their Doors, or elfe in their Yards, in 
Jamaica^ and lye down to fleep in the open 
Air. w. : . , 

In the Eaft Indies at Yort St. George alfo , 
.Men, tike then: Cotts or little Field-Beds, and 
put tfiemin the Yards, and gp to Heep in the 
Air: And Seamen aboard Ships in thefe hot 
Countries lye on the Deck, ml the Land-wind 
comes. - J. : ^ '^ 

; TJhe Inhabitants of Jamaica or fort St. George^ 
have fomewhat to cover themfelves when the 
Land-wind comes ^ beiides a Pillow on their 
: . \ / . . . Breaft, 



3reaft, or b^jpen their Arms. But; Seamen who 
have wrought hard all Day , lire naked and 
Bxppfed to the Air, it may be all Night long, 
betore they awake, without any covering eC 
neciylly it they > have had their dbfe of Pundx« 
%it n^ Morning, thqr are Icarce .aUe to bu(^«;, 
tieii^ ftiff with cold, that brings them to Fluxes, 
*5ii4 tb»t to their Graves -, aijd this is the ^te 
of Qiapy Aout and brave Seameq ; and it is a g^eaf 
pitty that Mafters of Ships have fo little regard 
fof thw Men, ras not by iomejeood Orders^ to 
.^ohibit this dangerous Cuftom oflying abroad and 
^ed in the Nfghts. 



< . 



\^ 



.'■' t 






.) . 



1 « 



« . • 



> » 



A t » 



CHAP, 



» « « » . 



^ 



t, < If 



> I 



v.. 



[i. L 



,.ji*i 



CHAP, V. 

Of Imd^idftds and StA-'Brte^s peculiar 
to fame Cetfis at fme parttatlar fiafmt 
Iff the Ifeer ; as alfo of fame Winds that 
produce firan^e BffeBs, 

Pf the Supimafenta-Winds«*AfBtf/(>f Cam- 
peachy. Of the Wi*i^ peculiar to the 
C^afis of Oxthagena. Winds on the Mexi- 
an Cw^/, c^/jPoppgaios. Others on the 
Coafi ^Coromandd, f*tfJ Terrenos: thf 
fme ahia Malabar, hat at a ^ffirtm Seafea : 
Js aifo ipthe Peifian Gul[^ Jtid of the 
Hermatans Oft ^;&£ Gm^ iff Guinea. 

IShall b^i witi the 5«OTmj/^fffj-W'/;?i3!f, asthqr 
are calfe^, "which blow m the Bay oF .Cam- 
peachx.' TThefe are VV|n;ds that come in tiie 
Months of Teh Marchsiii Apfif, and diey blow dnly 
|n that '^^ between the Hidi-Land of St Martin 
afl4 Qpf tqsde^et/Q ; which Places are about 120 
Leagues aiufi^or. They af?,ryojpetly fpeaking, neither 
S^-Bteezes Hof true Land:wmds,yet in rejpect of jjieij 
btowing in Ibpie coeaiwxe fiom the fliore, they are 
in that ibmewfiat of kiii to the Land-wmds. Thefe 
VVinds aKcc die God.or Mid- 

dle of the 1 ies E.,and W. 

iuid the . pnft^ ; at $. S. E. but 

tepm thepw t the tand trends 

away N- £. > that ihey be- 

fpawLand-w tbe Ljnd fton^ 

whence 



44 Vf rrtnas pecunar to jmne u>apSj ccc 

whence they blow -, but then they differ both from 
Sea and Land-Preezes hi reipeO: to thek duration : 
For thele Summq/enta-Winas blow 3 or 4 Days, 
fbmetimes a We^ both Night and Day before they 
ceafe. They are commonly dry Winds and Uow 
very ftefli, and^hips that go ftom T;y^ witii 
Logwood at the time when thefe Winds Uow, 
wilf be at Cape Condecedo^ in 3 or -^ Days •, wl^ereas 
if they go at any other time, it will take up : 8 or 
10 Days, tho* feldom more than that : For here 
are good Land-winds and Sea-Breezes at other times. 

Tlieie Winds are commonly colder than the Sea- 
wmds, . thou^ not ip colcl as the Land-winds, yet 
ftrcmgpf than either. I never could perceive thattliefe 
Winck did make any alteration on our Bodies difie- 
rent from other VVinds. But the Tides when thefe 
Winds blow on thatCbaft, are veiy fckll, eQ)ecially 
in the ^Lagune^s of Trifl '-, fo that the Lag'Twod* 
Boris ) that . bring the V Vood Aboard.pf the Ships, 
are thenforc'd to lye (till for want o£.VVatef to float 
thenfi over fome flats in the Lagunes. 

On the^Coaft of (^arthagena there are a peculiar 
fort pf Winds that blow in the Months oiApril^ M^ 
. and Jun^ fo very fieke that Ships are not able to pty 
to y Vind-ward on that Coaft while thefe Winds lalt. 
Thefe VVinds blow about 40 or 50 Leagues to Wind^ 
wrd oiCarthagendToyjn^ and about 10 to Leeward 
of it They are very, fierce from the middle of the 
Channel between it and Uifpaniola^tA ib continue al- 
Inofl:to.theCoaftofOr/fe^^^;7j. Tho' they are fome- 
times a Ifttle fiinter within a or 3 Lidgues of the 
fhore, efpecially Mornuigs and Evenings; Thejr com- 
monly rife in the Morning before day, .ibmetimes at 
3 or 4 a Clock, and lb continue tiU p, fo or 11 at 
Night, . and thus they will blow 10 or i i ^Days toge^ 
ther very fiercely. At this time the Land-winds be- 
fides then: ftiort continuahce are very faint and blow 
but a Efde way off fhtirei 1 So thatfrbtn 10 or 11 at 

Nght 



Night till 3 in the Morning 'tis quite Calm and not 
one breath of Wind from a League diftant off the 
(hore s tiio* 3 or 4 further off youl find the Breer, 
and nearer a imall Landvoind. Thefe Winds are at 
E. N. E as the Ccwnmon Trade is ^ whereas the 
Sea-Breezesare at N. £• by N. or N.N. E. 

While thefe fierce Winds flay^thtf Sky is commonly 
clear without any Qoud to be feen •, tho' doubdefi 
'tis imperceptibly hazy, for then die Sun does not 
^ve a true black fhade on the Ground, but very faint 
and dusky. The Horizon too looks very dusky, thick 
and hazy, and while the Sun is near the Horizon^ 
either in the Morning or Evemng, it looks very red. 
Sometimes, though but feldom, when thefe VVinds 
blow the Sky is over-caft with Imall Clouds, which 
afford feme drizling iinall Rain. But though tiiefe 
VVinds are fi> fierce on the Coaft of Carthagena^ 
yet both to Wind-ward and to Leeward at the di- 
dances before-mentioned, the Breezes blow moderate 
as at <^ther times. For the Sea and Land-winds do 
tha:e keep their conftant and i^^arCourles. Nei- 
ther are the Q)afts of Hijpamo/a ot Jamaica troubled 
with thefe fierce VVinds, any nearer than half Chan- 
nel over, as was faid before. - 

It has not been my fortune to have been on this 
Coafl when thefe Winds have blown, yet I have had 
the Relation of it fb often,and from fo niamr Perfbns 
that I am very vi^U fatisfied of the truth of^it : Nay, 
it is fo generally known among the Jamaica Seamen 
and Privateers, that they d!^ ^Talkative Yerfonva 
derifion,aGr/fc<«fW<^-i3r^^^^. I remember 2 or 3 M^ 
that went by thatName,andIknewthemby no other, 
tho' I was m the fame Ship with them feveral Months. 

Some of our Englifh Frigots that have been fent to 
Jamaica have experienced thefe Breezes, when the Go- 
vernour has fent them upon bufinefs to that Coaft ; 
For plying betwieeii Fortobello and Carth^ena^ when 
they have been within 10 Lez^es,ofCarth^ef!a^ they 

have 



i4# VI rrw*p# |^wwF»r rvjvwp^, ^«irM|»i9^ ^M,^ 

have met with the Sea Breez ib flrong that they have 
fceen forced to riJOTtheir ToplaiL which wen ttea they 
could not maintain, but have oeen obliged to furte 
it quite up •, and ib with only dieir lower $ail% 
which fometimes they have been forced to riff too, 
have been beating 8 or ro Days^ to get oiJly lb many 
Leagpes^ which tho^ at laflthey have done, yet has 
it been with much trouble, and not witiiout damage 
to then* Sails and Rig^i^. Neither can I forget a Sq^a- 
dron of French Frigots, Commanded by the Count de 
EJirees^ that came to Januuca^ and demanded leave of 
the Govemour to Wood and Water there ^ whidi be- 
cauieit feemed ftrange that tiieyfhould want m^ooikg 
only ftom Vetit Guavas^^ it was demanded of them 
why they came fiom thence fo ill provided?Tb8y fiid 
they went ftom Fetit Guavas over to the Coaft of 
Carthagem^Wiih a defign to have ply ed to }fVmiyfzxi 
under that ihore, but met the Breezes fo hard on the 
Coaft, that thev were not able to hold up tiiek fides 
^inft it^and tot that Reafon flood back again towarda 
Fetit Quavas ^ but not being able to fotch it, there* 
fore they came to Wood zm Water at Jamic^^ de* 
figning to go from thence thro* the Gulph : And tho* 
the PUots oi Jamaica did all axidudet&tthe Bieete^ 
time waspaft by more than a Months yet the Gover- 
nour gave them leave to Wood and Water at BleiKh 
fields Bay^dDd &nt one Mr. Stone to be then: Pilot thi^ 
ther. This was in i6y^ and in one, of our Summer 
Months, but I can't tell which, tho^ I was tha«4 

In the South Seas on the Mexican Coaft, between 
Cafe Blanco in the Lat. of pD. 56M. Northed tiea- 
leja^ in Lat. 1 1 North , which two Places are about 
80 Leagues diftance, there are Winds whidi blow 
only in theMonthsof May^ June and Juh^KsiS^^ by 
the Spaniards Fopogaios. They blow Nignt and Day 
without intermUhon , fometimes ) or 4 Days or 
a Week together. They are very brisk Winds, but 
not violent: I have been in one of them when we 

went 



went fiom Colder aBsy^ bound to Re ale j a mentioned 
in my Voyage round die Wodd, Chap. 5. Fag. 1 1 g. 
which blew at ISlarth 

^ In tkeEaft Indies on the Coail of Coromandel^tbiexe 
are Winds cail^dlyy J^^^ becaufe 

they blow fi:om ]the hand. The& are not thole Land^ 
W^/;?^xthat I have already treated of ^ for thefe blow 
oidy in June^^iily and Mg. and are in ieveral refi)e£b 
quite contrary to tjieift. For whereas the true iMnd- 
Winds blow only in the Night^cluding Evenings and 
Momii^ ) on me (Contrary, thefe blow 3 or 4 Days 
without intermiiSiop •, nay^ Ibmedniesa Week or 10 
Days together: and as the, true No£):urnaI JL/^z^-zc/Wjp 
are very cold, on the contradry thefe are thehotteit 
of gll Winds lever heard 01 : They come withhot 
Blooms, fiich as I have mentioned in my Voyagerouni 
the Word^ Chap. 20. Pag. 530. Thefe Winds 2Xt at 
Weft^ and ttoqr blow only intiie Monthsof ^e^ 
^fmjf ztA Jhguft^ li^ladihihQ^eJi ^ 
tiio^tie proper Monfom then pa this Coaft is S. W. 
When tfiefe h<^ Wi^ come the better ibrt of Peo- 
ple at Yort St. George keep cldfe: They alio Ihut up 
llieir Windows and Doois to keop them out ^ and 
I have heard Gentlemen that lived there fay, that 
when they have bfen thus ibut up within tums^ 
iSoffif have been ienixble when* ^e Wind (hi^ed , 
1^ the Change diey have felt in thdr Bodies* An4 
notwitfaiianding that th^fe Winds are lohot, yet 
il^. kh^bitamtS' don't iweat while they 1^, fo£ 
^eit^ Skins are hard and rough, as W they had 
liNgen -parched by the Fircf, ei^daily ^ir Faces 
and Hands,, yet does it not make them &k. The 
Safids wMch^^ae raiiM by thefe Winds are a gceat 
andpyance to tboie whofe bufinels lyes abroad, and 
W&P can^tke0pttieif^Moufes< For manv times they 
whed! aibout addiraifethe Sands fbtmck, that it 
^l^KeinloaikiaFepplesEy^*, ^ the i^^/i* alfa 

that 



diat lie in the road at that time have their Decks 
covered with this Sand. 

On the Coaft oi Malabar they have of thefe Ibrts of 
Winds alio, but not at the feme time of 
the Year. For as thefe on the Coaft of Orch 
tnandel blow in the Months of Jun€^ July and 
Auguft^ wjien the Weft Monfoan Reigns 5 on die 
contrary on the Malabar Q)aft, they flow in the 
Months of December^ January and february^ 
when the Eaft or North Eaft Mohfoon blows: 
for then the Eafterly Wind, which is then the 
true Monjoon comes over fiom the hMd of 
tiiis Coaft 5 This bemg the Weft-Jide^ as the Coaft 
of Coromandel is the Eaft-fide of this long Eaft 
IndianViomontoty. 

The Ptrfian Gvlph is as remarkable for tijefe 
hot Winds as either of the former % they come 
rfiere in the Months of June^ July and Au- 
guft in the Weft Mmjoon time \ and the heat 
there by all Accounts does by far exceed that 
on the other two Coafts^ 

The European Merchants that are emplofed 
in the Ports within the King of l^erfia las 
Dominions, do leave their Coaft, Habitations 
and 6uline& there , during thefe hot Moodis , 
and ipend their time at Ifpdban till the Air 
is more agjreeable to their Bodies ^ but their 
Servants miift iridure it. And if any SInps are 
there, then the Seamen alfb muft do as well 
as ttey can. Tis reported the Commanders do 



keep Bathing-Troughs full of Water to Ive 
and wallow in, and hide their Bodies fiohi dke 
noifom hot Blooms. I was never in any of didehM 
Winds ^ for I went from fort St. George before they 
came on the' Coaft. 



On the Coaft of Guinea there are a particular fort 
• of Land-winds, which are very remarkable •, not 
for their Heat, as thofe laft-mentioned , but for 
their exceeding Cold and Searching Nature. They 
ard called Uarmatnns. . I have had an . Account of 
them from feveral w|io have Traded to Guinea ^ 
but more elpecially from a very Senfible and Expe- 
rienced Gentleman^ Mr. Greenhill^ Commiffioner of 
His' Majefties Navy at Yortf mouth ^ who upon my 
Requefl-j was pleafed to fend me the following Ac- 
count ; which the Reader cannot have better than in 
his otvn Words. Where, together with the Uarma- 
tans^ he gives an Account alfo of all the Winds on 
that Coaft, 

Mr. GreenhiWs Letter. 

SIU, 

IHavt been very illftnce nty return Home with tlye 
Gout J fo that I have not been capable ofanfwe?^- 
ing your ExpeSation : But being a little better reco- 
vered^ I Jh all make as good a return to your Enquiry 
of tJfe Harmatans on the Co^Ji of Guinea , a^ my 
Circumftances will permits The ufual Time of their 
blowing is between the latter part of December , a?id 
the beginning of February ^ before and beyond which 
Sedfons^ they never exceed. They are of fo very 
cold^ Jharp and piercing a Nature , that the Seams' 
of the rJoors of our Chambers and the Sides a/7d 
Decks of^fur Ships (as far as they are above Water) 
will open fo wide^ as that with facility you fnay put 
a Caulking Iron a confiderable imy into them -, in 
which conditioli they continue fo long as the Harma- 
tan blows^ (which is fometimes two or three , and 
very rarely five T>^s^ which is the very utmofl lever 
ohjervedorheard of) and when they^ are gone ^ they 
^e again and are as tight ^ as if it never had been. 
Natives themf elves and allFerfons who inhabit 

Ddd ^ thofe 



50 Of winds pecmof iQ finuiCoiifH. 

thofe parts (during that Jhort Seafon) to prevent 

their pernicious EffeSs^ are obliged to confine ihem- 

f elves within Doors •, where they endeavour their ow/t 

fecurity^ hy rendring their Habitations ai clofe and 

impenetrabk aspojjible : 'Neither will they once ftir 

- abroad^ unlefs induced thereto by a more than ordi* 

nary Occafwn. It isoi deftruSive to the Cattle alfb ; 

whofe fafe Guard conjifts in their Proprietors Care^ 

who againft this Seafon ought to provide fame Juch 

like place for them : Otherwife they mufi expeU bin 

a pittiful Account when the Seafon is over ^ for it 

moft certainly deflrcys them^ and that in a veryfhort 

time. 

This I accidentally experimentedby expojing a couple 
of Goats to the Afperity thereof -^ which in four hours 
fpace or thereabouts^ were deprrifd of Life* JVijy^ 
we our f elves (unle/s affifted by the like Cbnveni- 
ency^ and the benefit offome fweet Oyls tocorreStha 
Air) cannot fetch our Breath fo freely as at other 
times •^ but are almoft fuffoeated with too frequent 
and Acid Re/pirations. They generally How 
between the K and E. N. E. to the Northward if 
which they never exceed^ being the moft fettled and 
ft eddy ( but frefl) ) Gale^ I ever cbferv d •, coming 
without Thunder^ Lightning or Rain *^ but clofe gloorrty 
Weather ^ the Sun not ft)ining alt the time : And 
when they expire^ the Trade-wind (which conftantly 
blows on that Coaft at W. 5. W. and S. W^.) returns 
with the accuftomary feafonablenefs of feather. 

The Coaft of Africa from Cape Palmas to Cape 
Formola, lies E. andE. by JV, and near thofe teints 
the LandBreezes blow on that Coaft ^ which commonly 
begin about fevtn in the Evening^ and continue all 
ISlight^ tiff near that time the next Morning : Duririg 
which interval^ we are troubled withftinking ¥qgs 
and Mifts aff Shore ^ which by return of the Sea* 
Breezes upon the oppofite joints are all driven (a»ay 5 

and 




nnd we have the benefit of them^ in a curious frejh 
Gale^ till obout 5 in the Afternoon. 

And here let me Note it for a general Ohferva- 
tion^ That in thefe and all other Flaces within the 
Tropicks {as far as ever I took notice) the Wind is 
drawn by the hand, for if an Ifland or Head-Land^ 
toere inclining to a circular Form^ the Sea and Land* 
Breezes fall jin Diametrically ofpofite ' to that part 
where you are. So thai tf you are on the South fide^ 
the Sefl'Breez fhall be at South^ and the LandBreez 
(when it comes in its Seajbn ) at North. 

In getting on the Coan^ we endeavour to fall in 
with Cape Mount or Cape Miferada, which ps about 
liLei^guesto theE.S.Eajiwardthere<f'y and after 
that we double "Cz^^YAmas (whence as aforifaid^ 
the Land trends nway E. by JV.) the Current near the 
Jhore fets, upon that Point deifim into the <BkQ. But 
in getting off^ we as much attempt (if poffible^ to 
lay hold of St. Thomas \ and thence to run to the 
Southward of the Line, perhaps i or \ Degrees * for 
the further Southerly we go^ the ftr^nger we find 
•the Qales ^ and more beneficial for getting <^ the 
Aftkan Q)afi\ but thofe who keep to the Northward 
therecf^ generally meet with more Calms ^ and con* 
Jequently longer Voyages enfue. Jnor about jho/e La- 
titujdes we continue^ till we are got between 2 5 and 
30 Degrees to the Weflward of Gape Lopez de 
Gohl&Iyo, and then we crofs again to go either for 
England^ theVit&. Indies. But by we way let me 
obferve toymi^ that when once, we are to the Wefi:- 
isard of the fald Cap, and in South Latitude^ the 
Current j^/x I^ortherty^ and the Wind to 20 Degrees 
cf Latitude^ is at E. S. E. as (to the like number of 
Degrees) on the North f^de of th^ Line it blows at 
'E.N. E. Neither did lever obferve any Mutation of 
the Qtrrents^ unlefs in the lornadq-Seafon , when 
during their blowing fhey commonly fet to Windward^ 
tW perhaps the Moon upon full and Change^ may 

Ddd 2 T/ave 



jz Of Wffias piCMHor to jme wa/tf. 

have the like influence there ^ as in other IB laces ^ but 
I never took any particular notice thereof. . 

The /aid Tornadoes ufually come in the beginning 
(/Apr. andfeldom relinauifl) the Gold Coaft till July 
commences^ dnd with frequent vifits^ make usfenfible 
V of their ^alities. We have fometimes three or four 
in a day •, but then their continuance is but fhort • 
perhaps not above two hours^ and the ftrength or 
fury (it may be) about a quarter or half an Uour-y 
but accompanied with prodigious Thunder^ Lightning 
and Rain ^ and the violence of the Wind fo extraor- 
dinary^ as that it has fometimes rolled up the Lead 
wherewith the Houfes are cover^d^ as dye arut com- 
pa^ly-i as poffible it could be done by the Art of Man. 
The Name impfys a variety of Winds : But the 
Jlrength of them is generally at- S. E.^nd by Ships 
that are bound off t^ Coafi^ they are made ufe of to 
get to Windward. 

/ fhall conclude with that mo ft worthy Obfervation of 
the Seafon wherein the Rains begin^ which on the 
Gold Coaft is about the lothof April : And this ntiy 
he generally remarked^ from t^d^N.tai^d. South 
Latitude^ that they follow the Sun within $ or 6 d. 
And fo proceed ' with him till he has touched the 
Tropiek, and returns to the like Station again. This 
I fhall illuftrate by the following Example ^ Viz. Cape 
Corfo Caftle lies in 4 d. '^^ North. About the lotb 
of April the Sun has near 1 2 degrees N. Declination. 
At that time the Rains begin^ and. continue with the 
Inhabitants of that 'Place^ until he has performed his 
Courje to the great eft obliquity from off the Equator^ 
and returned to the like Yojition South. The fame I 
fiipfofe may be obfervM^ and underftood of other places 
within the Tropicus. 

Tht 



%^ WW wt»v99 a^^^9www99w wv j\twww%0 vri/WM*^« . \f< 

"the Variation (of which in the Tear 1 680. 1 made 
frequent Ohjervations) was 2d. \^ m. Wejierfy : 
And it generally flows at the aforejaid place S. o. E 
and\i. N. W. upon the Full and Change. The Wa- 
ter rijing upon Spring Tides about 6 or ^ foot up 
and down. I remain^ 

SI R 

From His Maje v ^ l tt o 

ftics Yard, near ^^^ humble Servant, 

5th funs i5p8. Henry GreenhilL 

*" Upon 1117 Receipt of this ftom the Gentleman 
aforefaid, I wrote to him again, to have his Opinion 
about what I have faid concerning the particular 
Longitude, in which 'tis bell to rofe the Line, in 
going from Guinea to the Weft Indies : And fo much 
of his Anlwer as concerns this Matter was in 
thefe Words. 



Mr. Greenhiirs fecond Letter^ 



SIR, 



1D0 not dijfent from Cr offing the Line at ^^ or 
36 d. Longitude^ WeJiwardofCanpeLopes^ and , 
// may as weH be done at 30. provided the Breezes 
continue frefh. But if we have but little Winds^ we 
generally run on the South fide of the Line till we 
reach the di fiance Weji : and then Crpffing we fleer 
awav Weji North Weft and Wejl by N$rtl> for 
Barbadoes. - . '" 

And this you may obfer&e^ (as I have already hin- 
ted to you^ that tBe^ further' we keep to the South- . 

l3dd 3 'ward 



>1- 



WW w* 



ward of the Line, the frejher and conjequentl^ 
more advant^eous the Breezes are, 

Ireniain^ 

SIR, 

tour obliged ,Friend, 

And mod humble Servant, 
' Henry GreefihilL 

And here I judge it will not be umteceptable to 
the Reader to infert two other Letters- ftom an Ik- 
perienced Captain of a Ship, becaufe they have a 
general Relation to the Subje£i I am now upon, . as 
well as* to the Coaft; of Guinea in particular, 

^art of ttw Letters from Gftaiii johit Govaht of 
Portbury,. ta a GeWerttan m Lofidbrt, 



LETTER L 



Honoured Sir, 



I Have Cent Mr. Dampi^r's Sook^ which you were 
plea/ed to fend me^ to Captain S I have 

gone through it^ and find it very well worth fny tifne^ 
being very delightfome^ and I believe true.^ 

Jhave made fame Remarks on ky as having found 
the like of ixhat he ajferts^ in other piacis. As pL 55; 
mention is made cf the Sucking-Filfl, or Remora(^ 
Mr. Dampier calls it.) The/e are mighty flenty on 
the Coafi of Angola and ^r Madagafcar, and between 
Cape Lopes de Gonfalvas and she River Gabon. 
They are fhaped as he defer ibes them. 

As to what he faith p. 73. I have found the Indians 
in the GulphofkloM^^offeringfaye.^^ to 

Jhki and particularly in Lat. z^di where in the Tear 
I ^93' Several of our Men wer^ cheated with it. 

What 



» < , 



What Mr. Dampier fmth of the Lazinefs of the 
l^eoph of MindanaOj p, 32^. the very fame may be 
fdd of the People of Loango on the Coaft of Gui- 
nea exaSly. 

Their manner of Worfhip^ ment'wned p. ^^^ is the 
i^ery fame tvith what I have feen at Algier, on the 
Oo&of Bsttbary, 

xhe NoSurnal Dancings ufed by the Hottantotts 
M the Cape of Good H(X)e everySull and New Moon^ 
p. 54 1, are alfo pr (£tifed by the hihabit^mts ^Loango, 
Molinbo ^^C^bendfo. 

I Jhall give you the trouble of a fmall Relation of 
a Vajfuge to Loango in the Hear i6p^. When we 
came fo far to //)^ Southward as 2d. ^om. N. Lat. 
andi d.2$m. Longi. Weftward from the Meridian 
of Lundy, it being 3 ifi /jfMarch voe had fmall Wind 
at S. S. W. and S. W. withjhowers of Rain. There we 
met with prodigious fhoals of Fijh^ conjifting chiefly 
of Albicoies an4 Bonetoes, There were alfo great 
numbers of Sharks*^ fome 10 or 12 foot long, for 
diverjicn we catf:}fdwcrve an 100 of them at times. 
The other Ff/h we took m we had occafion frefh and 
frefh : and one d^ we caught a Barrel of them w'lth^ 
empty Hooks, fpefe fhoals of ¥tfh kept us Company * 
'till we were under the E^ator in hong, ^d.i m. 
l^afiward of the Meridian cf l-undy. This was 
April 27. we had the Winds at S. E. and S.E. byE. 
frefh Gales and clear Weather i, ^H^a mighty Leeward 
Currents At the fijbes partir^ with us that day^ I 
caught an Albicore that weighed j'^ I. It k a mighty 
fircng fijh^ fo that the YifhingCraft muji be very 
ftrong to take them. 

The City of Loaligo 1 find to lye inhat.^d^om. 
S. and Longi. i%d.%m. Eajiward from r&(? Meridian 
if Lundy : from whence! took my departure^ bound 
for Jamaica, Oft. j. 169^. 

When we find the Winds Souths S. by W. andS.SJW. 
frejh Gales t veer able to S. W, andbauik to Sout\ we 

Ddd4 fiand' 



flund off to the Wefiimrd with Larboard Tacks on 
Board^ till we get 14 ^. Long, to the Weftwardoj Lo- 
ango. And there we find the Wtnds veerabhefram 
5. 5. E. to S. E.frejh Gales. When we get 34 d. to 
the Weftward of LoaiJgo, we are then 16 d. Weftward 
from the Meridian of Lundy : And there we find the 
Winds veer able from S, E.by E. to E. by 5. and Eaji 5 
andfo they continue blowing frefh as weftillrun to 
the Weftward between the Lat. of 3 and 4 d. Soutb^ 
till we make the l/land^Qtmndo de Woronho, which I 
find to lye in Lat. ^d.'y^m.^o f. South. And by the 
Experience of two Voyages have found its Longi, 40 d. 
^ '^ 9 7/1. Weftward from Loango, and 22 d. %! m. from 
the Meridian ^/Lundy . This Ifldnd appears with a very 
high pyramid. And when we come clofe to it^ the Py- 
ramd looks like a large Cathedral. On the N. W. fide 
is a f mall hay to anchor in. hut fhips muft come 
pretty near the fhore^ becaufe it is deep Water. 
Here is plenty ofYifh. And on the Ifland is fome , 
frefh Water \ and low fhrubs of Trees. We could 
fee no living Creature on it but Dogs. It war for- 
merly inhabited by the Portuguefe^ hut the Dutch 
"having then War with them^ took it^ and carried 
the Portuguefe all away. The Body of the Ifland I 
judge to be about 4 Miles long^ lying N. E. andS. W» 
near on the North Jide^ are fome Rocks^ pretty high 
^bove Water ^ and many Birds^ ' as Sea-Gulls and 
Man-of- War-Birds (which arefomething like our Kites 
in England ) I find the Current fets ftrong to the 
N. W. The variation , very little. IroM thence I 
fleered N. W. with frefh Gales S.E.andatE. S.E. 
in order to crofs the Equator^ and. deftgning to make 
. the Iflandl[ ohdigo : Which by my Run from the afore- 
J aid Ifland^ I find to lye in Lat. 11 d. 33 «r. North. 
Longi. Weftward of Fernando,/ 28 d. 19 m^^.^ The 
Meridian diftancefrom Fernando 1 7 %iMiles ^-v And 
by my reckoning or Journal Toba'gp is We ft from 
the. Meridian of the Ifle of Luady .5.1 f/*iiQ ;».xV 

"C ■»' '. -. ^ • tH 






lot this fdjfage between the /aid IJlands we find 
grange jjRipp/ing and Cockling Seas^ ready to leap in 
upon tbi Ships Deck ^ which makes us think the Cur- 
rent tJ be Jifong : And it /cents to be occafioned by 
the grlat Blver on the main Land-^ which is not far 
from is in this Parage. Tobago is an high Ifland 
withla brave fandy Bay on the S^W.fide^ where the 
hut A had former fy agrdat Yart^ till mole fie d by the 
En^ijh in the laji Dutch War. From this Ifland 
I fl) aped my Courje for Jamaica, and found the N. E. 
Corner to lye in Lat. i8 (/. North ^ andinLongi. Weft 
from Tobago 1 3 d. The Meridian diftance from To- 
bago is 745? Miles Weft. In our pajfage we fax» no 
'Land or Ifland^ till we made the N. E. endofJ^rmksL : 
which lyeth inLongi. VVeft from the Mendmn of Lun- 
•dy 6/^d. 10 m. and Weft from the City of Loango 
"82 ^, 18 m. Ifhall only add that I am of Opinion that 
the Gallopagos Iflands do lye a great deal further to 
the VVeftward than our Uydiogxa^bexs do place them^ 
according as Mr. Dampier hints^ p. 100 ^ h^ Voy- 
age round the World. I am^ 

. SIR, 
SS. '" Yourmoft humble Servant, 



1598. 



John Covant. 



Part of a fecond Letter from Captaki Covant ^ dated 
from Briftol^ Decemb. lo, i6q7. 

r , 

LETTER n. 
SIR, . 

YOurs of the 6th hjiantcame to my Uands^ with 
the enclofed Queries, which Ifhall endeavour to 
anfwer in part^ as far as my memory willaffift me^ 
being now from home^ and at a diftance from my Jour- 
nals^ &C-. 

Anfwers 



Aflfweis /](r /^^ Qiieries. 

I JTv Cmmm Tiade-Winds on the Coaft of Angohi^ 
blow from theS. VV. to Souths till about itz d. tjong. 
from the Meridian of the Ifle <jf Lundy. 

2. I have fouful tbem always in the fame ^uarter^ 
undnotfubjeStD fhift in all the time Ihaveufed this 
Coafi\ exe^t that at a fmall diftance off the fhore^ 
they are fometimes .a Botnt more to the VVe^ward. 

^ The Dry Seafonon this Coaft I obferved to be 
from the latter end of April to September 5 thdfome- 
times intermx^dwttb Jwne pkafant fhowers of Rain. 
I c^ifmot be Jo pukHual as to the time of the Wet 
S^fons. 

4. The true Sea-Bieez I have commmly foundhere 
t^beftom W.S. W. to W. by S. if it be fair Wea^ 
ther: ondtheLamdBsesiZxsatE. byN.But if aTox- 
rado happens^ iteaufes the yi mis to fhift all round 
theOmpdfs^ and at laft it fettles at S. VV. which h 
theformertrxfeXadeWmd. 

m 

I am yours 
John Qroant, 



CHAP. 



* I* mm 



fW 



G rt A P» VI. 

Of Storms, 

S^&rm kfs fte^uenti, hut more ferce hetween tie 
Itopicks. Tref ages of their coming. OfNorthsythe 
times and Placeswberetbe^ blow : Sigfis of their 
4^oaeb:N.Bankf.A Chocdatta North. A North 
iemficial to Ships going from Campeachy to 
y^t0sakak4 A ^ery uncommn way of wearing a 
Ship in a North. Of Souths^ the times and 
T laces where they Blow. A Defcription of a 
South at Jamaica, and at the Bay qf Caiaapea^ 
chy: Much Fifh iilN by fhat Storm. Of 
Mnrrioanes. id Defcription of d terrible one at 
Anfegoe,) where abnnaance of Fifh and Sea 
Fpxder were di^royed by it. The difference be^ 
tween North Ban^s, and the Clouds before am 
Hurricane : t^e latter aehrnedrnth raMantCo^ 
kmrs. tuffoons m toe EajR: -fodicis thi' fame 
with Hurricanes in the Weft. Of Monfoms in 
the Eaft-Indies. A Stormy edited by the Por- 
ixsgjjieSd, the Elephanta, wlwh^ is the vk^ent- 
efi Monfoonof that Seafon. 

STorms within the Tropicfe. are generally 
known tx) tis by lome Name or odier, to di- 
ftinguifh them from other common Winds : 
and diougk Storms are not fb ftequent there^ 
as they are in Latitudes rearer thePoles^yet ate they 
lieverthelels expe£ted yearly in their prqjer Months-, 
f^d when they do come, they blow exceeding fierce^ 

though 



though indeed feme years they do not come at al^ 
or at leaft do not blow with that fiercenels as at 
other times. And as thefe Winds are commonly 
very fierce, lb are they but of a fliort continuance, 
in c^mparifbn with Storms that we meet with ia 
higher Latitudes. 

in the Weft Indies there are three Ibrts , viz. 
Norths^ Souths , and Hurricanes : In the Eaft- 
Indies tjierc ar? only two forts, viz. Monfoones 
jirid Tujfbpnes. 

All thefe forts of violent Storms, except the 
Norths^ are expefted near onetime of the year: 
and this is <afcen notice of by th^fe that have been in 
any of them ^ that they give certain Prelages of their 
being at hand, feveral hours beforp they come. 4 

Norths are violent Winds, thatftequently blow 
in the Bay of' Mexico ftom OSober till March : They 
are chicttv expefted near the fiill or change of the 
Moon, all that time of the year, but they are moft 
violent in December and January. Thefe Winds 
are not confined to the Bay of Mexico only, but 
there they are mofl frequent, and rage unth the @pea- 
left -. Violence. They: dIow on the Not&ifide of 
Qiba very fierce too, and in the Gulph of Florida ^ 
as ^alfe about Hifpaniola^ Jathaica^ Kc. and in the 
^harfti?! between Jamaica ^dniPortMi and m all 
tiie»iW!?ft Indian Sea between the Iflands and the 
l^aiPi as high !as the Ifland Trinidado. But fioin 
jMdita Eaftward,^ except on the North fide of the 
ifland HtJj>aniola^ they blow no harder than a pret- 
ty brisk &a Wind. Tliey are here at W. N. W. or 
' N. W. thoueh in the ^ay of Mexico they blow 
ftio^geft at N. N. W. and this is the Seafon of WeC 
terly Winds in thefe Eaft parts of the Weft-Indies^^ 
\ have before noted in the third. Chapter of this DiC 
courfe. \ Ihall be moft particular of them that 
blew in the Bay of Mexico^ and what Signs they 
give us before nand# . 

Commonly 



qr Stwms. Si 

Commonly before a North the Weather is vety 
fcrenc and fair,the Sky clear^ and but little Wind-, and 
that too veering from its proper Point,or the common 
Trade Wind of the Coaft : and breathing gently at S. 
at S. W. and Weft a Day or two before the North 
comes. The Sea alfo gives notice of a Storm, by an 
extraordinary and long Ebb. For a Day or two be- 
fore a North, there will be hardly any difcernablc 
Flood, b«t a conftanr ebbing of the Sea. And the 
Sea Fowls alfo before a Storm, do commonly hover 
over die Land, which they do not at other times ufe 
to do, in fuch great flints and numbers. AH thefe 
Signs concurring, may give any Man notice of an ap- 
proaching Storm, but the greateft and moft remark- 
able Sign of a North, is a very black Cloud in the 
N. W. rifing above the Horizon to about lo or 12 
degrees : the upper edge of the Qoud appears veiy 
even and finooth, and when once the upper part of 
the Qoud is 6, 8, 10 or 12 degrees high, there it 
xemams in that 6ven form parallel to the Horizon 
without any motion ^ and this fometimes 2 or 5 
Days before the Storm comes : At other times not 
above 12 or 14 hours, but never lels. 

This Qoud lying fo near the Horizon, is not leen 
but in the Mornings or Evenings, at leaft it does 
not appear fo black as then ^ this is called by En- 
difh seamen a North Bank , and when ever we fee 
[uch a Qoud in that part of the World, and in the 
Months before mentioned, we certainly provide for 
a Storm^ and though fometimes it may happen that 
fuch a Cloud may appear feveral Mornings and 
Evenings, and we may not feel the eSefts of it, or 
but vety little 5 yet we always provide againft it ; 
for a Nonh never comes without fuch a foreboding 
Cloud. But if the Winds alfo whiffle about to the 
South, with fair flattering Weather, it never fails. 
While the Wind remains at S- S- W. or any thing to 
the South of the Weft it blows very faint 5 but 

when 



6% qr 

wHen once it comes to the North of the Weft, it 
be^s to be brisk and veers about prefently to the 
North Welt, where it blows hard •, yet does it not 
ftay there long before it veers to the N. N. W. and 
there Lt blows ftrongeft andlongeft. Sometimes it 
continues 24 or even 48 hours, and fometimes long^* 
When the Wind fixft comes to the N. W. if the 
black Cloud rifes and comes away, it may chance to 
give but one flurry, like that of a Tornado ^ arid 
then the Sky grows clear again •, and either the' Wind 
continues at N. W. blowing only a brisk Gale,which 
the Jamaica Seamen call a Chocolate North^ qx 
elfe it veers about again to theEaft, and fettles there. 
But if when the Wuid com« to the N. W. the 
Cloud ftiU remains fettled, the 'Wind then continues 
blowing very fierce, even fo longasthe blackBank 
continues near the Horizon. It is commonly pret^ 
dry and clear, but Ibmerimes much Rain falls with 
a Nortli : and tho' the Qouds which bring Rain^ 
come from theKW. & N.N.W.yetthe black *Bai& 
near the Horizon feems not to move till the Heart 
of the Storm is broke. When the Whjd ftarts frpm 
the N. N. W. to theN. 'tis a fign that the violence 
of the Storm is palt, eQ)ecially if it veers to the 
Eaft of the North •, for then it foon flys about to 
the Eaft, and there fettles at its ufiial Point arid 
brin^ fair Weather : But if it goes back from 
the N. to the N. VY. it will laft a day or two 
longer, as fierce as before 5 and not without a great 
deal of Rain. 

When our Jamaica Logwood-fhips are coming 
loaden out of the Bay o^Campeachy in the North 
Seafon, they are glad to have a North. For a good 
North will bring tliem almoft to Jamaica ^ neither 
have any of our Veflels milcarried in one of thefe 
Storms mat I did ever hear of, though fbmetimes 
much fliatt^red 5 but the Spaniards do commonly 
fufler by them, and there is feldom a Year but one 

or 



Of Storms, ^ 

or piore of them are call away in the Bay of Gm- ■ 
peachy in this Sealbn : for they don't woric their fhips 
as we do ours. They always bring their fliips tco 
under a Forefail and Mizan, but never under a 
Mainfail and Mizan , nor yet under th^ Mizan 
alone •, but we generally bring to under Mainfail 
and Mizan 5 andif the Wind grows too fierce we 



Mizan 



maintam tnat, tnen we balaltour Mizan : which is 
by lifBng and taking up great part of the Sail If 
dtter all this, the Vvinds and Seas are too high for 
us, then we put before it^ but not before we have 
tryed our utmoft, efpedally if we are near a Lec- 
ihore. On the contrary, the Spaniards hi the ^/?/? 
Lidtes^ (as I faid before) lye under a Torefail and 
Mizan : But this muft needs be an extraordmary 
flram to a Ship, efpecially if ihe be long. Indeed 
there is this convenience in it, when they are nunded 
to put away before it,'tis but hailing up the Mizan 
and the Fore&il veers the Ship ptefently : and t 
judge it is for that Reafon they do it. For when 
the Wind comes on fo fierce that they can no longer 
keep on a Wind, they put right afore it, andUb 
contmue till the Storm ceafeth, or the Land takes 
them up (i. <r. tUl thejrare run afliore.) I Jmew two 
Spaniards did fo, while I was in the Bay. One was 
a Kings fliip, called the Pi/cadore. She run aflioie 
onafandyBay, a Mile to the "Weftwatd of the 
River Tobafco. The other waS come within 4 or s 
Leagues of thefliore, andtheftorm ceafing, flie 
efcapedlhipwreck, butwastakenby Cz^tamUevoer 
Commander of a Privateer, who was then in the 
Bay. Her Mainmaft and Mizan were cut down ia 
the ftorm. Both thefe Ships came from La Vera 
Q-uz, and were in the North fide of the Bay.when 
firft the ftorms took them. And ^o' we don't ufe 
this method, yet we find means to wear our ihips as 
well as they J for if after the Mizan is hall^ up 

and 



fWWT WWM 



and furled, if then the Alp will not wear, we muft 
do it with fome Headfail, which yet fometifties puts 
us to our fhifts. As I was once in a very violent 
ftorra, failing from Virginia^ mentioned in my Voy- 
age round the Worlds we fcudded before the Wmd 
and Sea fbme time, with only our bare Poles -, and 
the ftiip by the miftake of him that corfd,broched too, 
and lay m the Trough of the Sea ^ which tiien 
went ft) high that every Wave threatned to over- 
whelm us. And indeed if any one of them had broke 
in upon our Deck, it might have foundred us. The 
Matter whofe fault this was, -rav'd like a mad Man, 
& called for an Axe to cut the Mizan Shrouds^& turn 
the Mizan Matt over Board : which, indeed might 
have been an Expedient to bring her to her dourfe 
again.Cap.Dji;^ was then Quarter-matter and a more 
experienced Seaman than the Matter. He bid him 
hold his hand a little in hoes to bring her fome otiier 
way to her courfe: The Captain alfo was of his 
Mind. Now our Main-yard and Fore-yard were 
lowered down a Port latt, as we call it, that is down 
pretty nigh the Deck, and the Wind blew fb fierce 
that we did not dare to loofe any Head-lail, for they 
mutt have blown away if we had, neither could all 
the Men in thefliip have furled them again ^ there- 
fore we had no hopes of doing it that way. I was 
at this time on the Deck with fbtiie others of our 
Men \ and among the rett one Mr. John %mallhone^ 
who was the main Inftrument at that time of 
favmg us all. Come ! laid he to me, let us go a 
little way up the Fore-fhrouds, it may be that 'may 
make the Ship wear j for I have been doing it before 
now. He never tarried for aia Aniwer, but run for- 
ward prefently, and I followed him. We went up 
the Shrouds Half-matt up, and there we Ipread 
abroad the Flaps of our Coatts, and prefently the 
Ship wore. I think we did riot ftay there above 3 
Minutes before we grain'd our Pomt afld came down 

again. 



gain, but in this time the Wind was got into our 
Mainfail, aiid had bidwnit loofe -, and tho' the Main- 
yard was down a Pdrt-lali and our Men were got on 
the Yard as many as could lye one by ajqpther^befides 
the Deck full of Men, arid all driving to furl that 
Sail, yet could we not doit, but were forced to cut 
it all alpng by the Head-rope, and folet it fall down 
on the Deck 

Havmg largely treated of Norths, I (hall next give 
ilbme account of Souths. 

South Winds are alfo very violent Winds. I have 
not heard any thing of thefe forts of Storms, but at 
Jamaica or by Jamaica Sailer^ The time when they 
blow at Jamaica is about Juftiy July or Auguji^ 
Months that Norths nev^r blow in. The greateft 
ftrels of Wind in thefe ftontis is at South, from 
whence its probable they are named Souths. In 
what thw differ ftom me Uurricdne^ that rage 
among tne Carrihee IJlands^ I know not, unlels in 
thiS) that they are more Conftant to one Point of the 
Corneals, or that they come fooner in the Year than 
Hurricanes do ^ but thofe Storms call'd Hurricanes^ 
had never been known at Jamaica v^hen I was there. 
Yet fince I have heard that they have felt the fury 
of them feveral times. But I was zt Jamaica, wh^n 
there happened a violent South. It made great ha- 
vock in the Woods •, and blew down many great 
Trees ^ but there was no great damage done by it. 
Fori Royal was in great darker then of being waihed 
away, for the Sea made a breach clear through the 
Town •, and if the violence of the Weather had con- 
tinued but a few hours longer, many of the Houfes 
had been wafhed away : For the Point of Land on 
which that Town ftands, is Sand •, which began to 
wafh away apace : but the Storm ceaiing, there was 
XK) fiirdier damage. This wasin July or Jugujl in 
theYeari574« 

Eec I 



Cri7 



1 wis afterwards in the Bay of Campeachy^ whoi 
we had a much more violent Storm than thi^ called 
alfo by the Logwood-Cutters a South It happened 
fome time in^^^p i6^6. 

• I was then cutting ^.ogwood in the Weftern Creek 

of the Weft Lagune. Two days before thisftorm 

began, the Wind whiffled about to th^ South, and 

Wk again to the Eaft, and blew very faintly. The 

Weather alfo was very fair,and the Men-pfWar-Krds 

came hovering over thd Land in great numbers ^ 

which is very unufual for them to do. This naade 

fome of our Logwood-Cutters lay-, that we fliould 

have fome Ships come hither in a^ ftiort time ^ for 

they believed it was a certain token of the arrival 

ofShips,when thefe Birds came thus hovering over tie 

Land. And Ibme of them laid they had lived at Bar- 

hadois^ where it was generally taken notice of: and 

that as many of thefe Birds as they law hovering over 

the Town, lb many Ihms there were coming thither. 

And according to that Rule they foolilhly gueft that 

here were a great many Ships coming hither at that 

time: Thou^ 'tis impoffible that they could imagine 

there could be the hundredth part of the Ships 

arrive, that they law Birds fly over their Heads. But 

that which I did moft admire was, to fee the Water 

keep ebbing for two Days together, without any 

flood, tiU the Creek, where we lived, was almoft 

dry. Therewas commonly at low Water 7 or 8 

foot Water ^ but now not above 3, even in the mid 

die of the Creek. 

, About 4 a Qock the 2d day after this unulual Ebb, 
the Sky looked very black,& tiieWind Iprung up ftelh 
at S.E. and increaling* In lefs than 2 hours time 
it blew down all eur Huts, but one •, and that with 
much labour we propt up with Pofts,and with Ropes 
5;aft over the Ridge^and faftning both ends to (lumps 
of Trees, we fecured the Roof from flying away. 
In it we huddled altogether till the lloim ceafed. It 

rained 



.) t 4 



^7 

rained very hard the greateft part of the ftomi, and 
about two hours after the Wind firft fprang up' the 
Waters flowed very fall in. The next Morning it 
was as high as the Banks, of the Creek : which was • 
higher than T had ever ieen it before. 

The Flood, ftill increaledj and run faftet up the 
Creek than ever I faw it 40 in the greateft Spring- 
Tide ^ which was fomewhat ftrange , becaufe die 
Wind was at Sputli,' which is" right off the fhore on 
this Coaft. Neither did the Rain any thing al?ite^ 
and by loa Clock in theMohiing the Banks of the 
Creek were all /overflown/ , About 1 2 at Noon, we . 
brought out'Canoa to the fide of our Hut, and 
faftned it to the flump of a Tree that ftood by it ^ • 
that being. the <5rily refiigg that we could nowexpe£l^ 
for the Land '^ little way within .the Binks of^the 
Creek is much lower than where we were : So that 
there was no walking through tlie Woods becaufe of 
the Watet. ' Befides, the Trees were torn up by the 
Roots, and tumbled down fo ftrangely a-crols each 
other, that it wasalmoft impoffible to pafi through 
them. 

The ftortn continued all this Day and the Night 
following till I o a Clock : then it began to abate, 
and by 2 ifl the Morning it was quite calm. 

This florm made very fbrange work in the Woods 
By tearing up the Trees by the Roots : The fhips alfo 
riding at Trijl and at OneBufh-Key^ felt the fury of 
it to their ibrlow ^ for of four that were riding at 
One-BiiJh'Key , three were driven away from their 
Anchors^ one of which was blown into the Woods 
of Beef-ljland. And of the four fhips that were 
atTr//?, three alfb were driven from their Anchors, 
one of which was caft up about 20 Paces beyond 
high Water-Mark on the ijland of Trifi. The other 
two were driven off to Sea ^ and one of them was 
never i^d of fince. 

Eee 2 The 






The tK)ot Fifli alfo fuffered C3ctreamly by this ' 
ftorm, for we few multitudes of them either call 
on the Ihpre, or floating dead on the Lagunes* Yet 
this ftorm did not reach 30 Leagues to Wind-ward of 
Tr//?, for Captain Va/fy of Jamaica^ went hence 
but 3 days before the ftorm bqgan, and was not jwdft 
3d Leagues off when we had it fo fierce^ yet he felt 
none of it: But only law very black difinal Clouds 
to die Weftward, as he reported at his return from 
Jamica to Tri/? 4 Months after, 
I fhall fpeak next of lf»rricj;7fx, 

Thefe are violent ftorms, raging chiefly am^ng the , 
Car'ihee Iflands •, though, by Relation^ Jamaica has 
of late been much annoyed by them \ but it hasb^n 
fince the time of my being there. They -are expeOed 
m July^ Augufi or September* 

Thefe ftorms alio as well asthp Norths or Souths^ 
give fome figns of their approach before thw come 
on. I have not been in any one of them my fel^ but 
have made enquiry of many Men that have, and they 
all agree that either they are precfeded by flattering 
unufual fhiall Winds and very fak Weather, or by a 
great glut of Rain, or elle by both Rains and Cauns 
together. 

1 fliall give an Inftance of one that gave iiich war- 
ning. It happened zt Ant ego in Augufi i6%i. I had 
the Relation of it from Mr. John Smallbone^ before- 
mentioned, who was Gunner of a Ship of 12a Tuns 
and 10 Guns, Commanded by Cz^t. Gadbury. 

Before this ftorm it rained two days excdfively, 
then it held up two ot three days more: but the Scy 
was clouded and aopear'd to be much troubled, yet 
but little Wind. The Planters by this, were certain 
of a Hurricane, and warned the Ship-Commanders 
to provide for it, eQ)ecially Capt. Gddbut\ ^ who 
had careened his (hip in muikito Cove in o/. John^s 
Harbour^ but a little before, and by this warning 
given him by the Planters, had gotten his Goods on 

Board 



Of Sfffrms. 6^ 

Board a^in, which thpujgh all he had, yet was but 
about half his lading of Sugar, Moloflbes and Rum. 
He alio moored his fliip as fecure as he could, with 
all his Cables and Anchors, befides fome Cables which 
he had made, fall aftiore to gjreat Trees. And about 
7 a Qock that evening that ^eftorm came, he diea- 
cttng it, went afliore with all his Men, and retired in- 
to a poor Planters Houfe about half a Mile from the 
fhore. By that tigie he and his Men were arrived at 
tie Houfe, which was before 8 a Qock^ the Wind 
came on very fierce at K E, and veering about to the 
N. and N. VVr fettled th^, bringing with it very 
violent Rains. Thus i% cpntinued about 4 hours, 
and then fell flat calm, and the Rain cealed. 

in this Calm he lent 3 or 4 of his Men down to 
the Groe to lee what condition the Ihip was in, and 
diey found her driven afhorc dry on the Sand, lying 
on one fide, with the Head of her Mali ftickihg mK> , 
the Sand ^ after they had walked round her and view'd 
her a while, tiiey returned again to th? Capt. to give 
him an Account of the Dilaller, and made as much 
hafte as thdy could, becaule the Wind began to blow 
hard at S. VV. and it blew ^0 violently before they 
recovered the Houfe, that the Boughs of the Trees 
whljpt them ftflSciendy before ^ey got thither^ and 
it rained as hard as before. The little Houfe could 
Icarce (belter them frqin the wet •, for there was 
little befide the Walls ftanding : For the firft North- 
erly Gufl blew away great part of the Ridg and moil 
of the Hutch. Y^ there tiiey flayed till the next 
Morning, and then coming to the Ship found her 
almoft upright \ ^ut all the Goods that were in the ^ 
Hold were walh'd out,and the Sugar waswalh'dout 
6f the Cask, $onie of the Rum mey found ^ a Cask 
, in one place and a Cask in another ; ifomc on the 
fhore, and fbmehalf aMile in the Woods ^ and fonie 
flaved agamft the Trees and leeked Qut ^ for it feems 
there had been a violent Motion in the Sea, as well 

Eee 3 as 



as in the Air. For in the beginning of the Night 
when the N. E. Guft ragecLthe Sea ebfe'd To i)rodigi- 
oufly^ or elfe Was driven ottthe fliore by the violence 
ot the Wind fo fiir, that Ibme ftiips ridmg in the 
Harbour in 3 or 4 Fathom Water^, were aground •, 
and lay lb till the S. W. Guft came, and then the 
Sea came rowling in again with fiich prodigious fiiry, 
that it not only let them a-float, but dash'd many of 
them on the Ihore. ' One of thenf w^$ carried up a 
great . way mto the Woods : another was ftrangdy 
hurl'd on two Rocks that ftood clofe by one another ^ 
with her Head refting on one Rock, and Her ftern on 
the odier : And thus Ihe lay like a .Bridge between 
the two Rocks, about i o or 1 1 Foot above the Spa, 
even in the higheft Tide? i for' the l^idescjo ulually; 
rile here but litde, not above 2 or 3 Foot^^it in theie. 
Hurricanes it always 'ebbs and flows agaila prodi^-; 
oully. : , / V ' ;.' 

it was not the Shipsonly that f^lt.thq fury of 
this ftorna, but the wholjb,liland fuSred by it^ for 
the Hoi^feswerQ blown do w;h,theTreest;6fle up by the 
Roots, or had their iHeads and LimlDsladiy mattered^ 
neither was there any Leaves, * Herbs pV^^n ' Thing 
left on the liland, but .all look'd. like \^ter. . Info- 
much that a Ihip coming thither a little after, that 
uled. that Trade, could fcarce. believp it to be the 
lamellland. Neither didthe fury ofthfs ftorm light 
only here^ for JV^/x and 5/. Chrifidpbcrs had their 
ihares alio ^ but Mountfurat felt little of ii;, tho* 
pot afcove a Fortnight after: there hapjjened another 
liorm, as violent as this, and raged extreamly there, 
but did little damage atj 'Nevis md S^.' CbriJ}aphers\ 
Antfgo had a great .ihare of this too* Capt. Gadbur 
ryV Ihip, that lay a-grbund before it came, was by 
it hurled over to: the oppofite part ottb^ Harbour, 
.aud there tlirown diy on me Sana, . • ' ,*:• . 

. The day after the ftorni, the ^fiiore was itrew'd 
•with jfilh of divers forts, .as well great as finally 

^ : - iucti 



Of Storms^ yi 

. fuch as Porpoifes, Sharks, tfc. and abundanccof 5ea- 
Fowls alfo were deftroyed by it. 

I would not have any Man think that thefe Hur- 
ricanes,or any other Storms, do always give warning 
of their coming exaOilj alike: For'theremay be 
Ibme difierence inthofe ugns, though all of them be 
plain enough if well obferved. Befides fometimes' 
they are duplicated, fometimes only fingle figns, and. 
fometimes the figns may be more vifible and plain 
than at other times : when by Ibme accidental caufe 
thole figns may be lels vifible by Reafbn of fome 
high Hill or Mountain that may be interposed be- 
tween you and the Horizon, efpecially if any Hill 
lyes N. E fiom you, which is the Quarter that Hur- ^ 
ricancs do commonly rife in. ^ 

The Clouds that precede a Hurricane are difierent 
from the North Banks in this, that whereas the 
Clouds preceding Norths are uniform and regular,' 
of an pxaO: hlacXnels even from the Horizon to the 
upper edg of it, and that as ftreight and even as a 
Line ftretched out. On the contrary, the Hurricane- 
Clouds tower up their Heads, preffing forwards as if 
they alj flrove for precedency •, yet fo Imked one with- 
in another, that all move alike. Befides, the edges 
pf thefe Clouds are guilded with various and afriglv 
ting Colours, the very edg of all feenis to be of a pale 
fire colour, next that of a dull yallow, and nearer 
the Body of the Qoud of a Copper Colour and 
the Body of the Cloud which is very thick ap- 
pears extraordinary Black : and altogether it looks 
very terrible and anaazuig even beyond expreflion. 
Thbudi I have never been in any Hurricane in the 
Weff ^^/>j,yet Ih!ave feen the very Image of them in 
the Eaftbiaies^ & the effeOs have been the very lame ^ 
and for ray part I know no difierence between a 
Hurricane among die Carribce Iflands inthePTW? 
h^ies^ and a Tuttobn on the Coaft of Chma in the 

E e e 4 Eaji 



-2. Yf oturmf^ 

Eaft Indies^ but only the >Jame: And I am apt , 
believe that both Words have one fignification, 
which i3a violent Storm. / ' 

1 have given a large Account of one of theie 
in my Voyage round the World : Chapter XV* 
]^age 414. That gave warning by flattering Wearier 
before hand, and a very dilmal Qomd, fet out with 
liich colours as I have before defaibed^ rifing id the 
N. E. from whence tiie violence of the mft Guft 
came, which was wonderful fierce and accompanied 
with extraordinary hard Rain 5 then it afterwards 
fell calm about an hour, and then the Wind came 
about at S. W. and blew as tierce as it did be- 
fore at N. E* which is much like the Hurricane 
before-mentioned at Antego^ but of a longer con- 
tinuance than that : Befides,' in both places they 
blow at one time of the Year, which is in Jufy;^ 
jiuguft or Septmher ^ and coinmonly negr the 
lull or Change of the Moon- 

Another thing that we muft alfo take notice of 
is , that both Places are North of the Equator, 
though not exaOly in one Latitude. 

But of thefe Tuffoons I (hall lay no more now, 
having defcribed them particularly in my Voyage 
to Tonquin^ Chap.lL Pag.3tf. 

The Monfoons in the Eaft Indies ar« the next 
to be treated of -, by which I do not mean the 
Poafting Trade-wind, io called, which Ihave al- 
ready defctibed in Page 21. of this Dilcourfe ^ 
for tho' \jN]iOnfoo7i\ is a general word for the WvcA 
there, diftinguilhed by Eaft or Weft, according to 
the Points from whence they blow^ yet it iorn^- 
times alio fignifies a Storm^ as I now take it. And 
it is eafie to be underftood, when it is uled in 
reference jto the Trade-wind, or when ^ken of a 
Storm 5 for if applyed to a Storin, 'tis expr^d 
by fome Epethite going before : As Violent, Ter- 

- rible^e^c. 



riblc, e^r. without any diftinaion of Eaft or Weft, 
which is commonly liled in ipeaking of the Trade- 
Wind. ■ ' 

Thefe Monlbons or Storms on the Cpaft of Coro- 
mandel are expeSed either about Afril or S^ ft ember ^ . 
which are accounted the two (hifting Months. Foi: 
in thefe two Months the Winds begin to fhift and 
turn from that Pointy on which they have blown fe- 
veral Months before, to the contrary Points of the 
Compals ^ as from Eaft toWeft, 6x the contrary : but 
commonly this ftiift is attended with a turbulent Sky^ 
which ends in a violent ftomi of Wind, or exceiiive 
RaiB& Of both : Arid this is called alfo the breaking 
lip of the Monfodn. • It *^ras in one of thefe that I 
paft from Nicobar Uland to Suinatra^ men- ticned in 
myVoyage round the Worlds Qiap.XVIIL Page4p6. 
This was the -4/v*^'Monibori. 

The Seftemb. Monfoonsare generally niore violenr 
than'thefe laft : yet by the Account I have lately had 
from Fort St. George^ they have fuflered very much 
by one of the April Monlbons (]f it may be fo call- 
ed) for it came before its ufiial time, even before it . 
could be expe£ted. 

As for the i9^/i/^;«i^r Monfoons, though the time 
of the Year is fo well known, and the warnings of 
itieir approach almoft certain •, yet our Eaft India 
JWerchants have had very confiderable lofles there; 
for the ftrefs of the Winds blows ri^t in upon the 
fhore, and often hurries the fhips from tteir An- 
chors, and tofles tiiem in a moment on the fandy 
Bay. 

indeed the want of a fccure Place jtb Ride in, is 
the greateft Inconvenience of ihat FaCtory. a Place 
^ doubdefe dcfigncd by the Engliffi from its Orighial to 
be the Center of the Trade of thefe Parts. For iaU 
our Faftories, [and the Trade in general, Eaft from 
Cape Comorhf^ are now liibordinate to this. ' ^ • 

• The 



74 Of Stdrmim 

The D.utch had once a place of Confequence, 
called Pa/lacat on this Coaft, about 20 Leagues to 
the North of it ^ but they withdrew moft of their 
Families and EflfeSs from thence in the Year i6pu 
mentioned in my Vcyage round theWorld^Chan^. XX, 
Page 522. And it is very probable tiiatthefe ra- 
ging Winds might be one cayle of this theit defert- 
ing. it V whatever was the. Motive of fettling here 5 
for they have Iccure Harbours^ and Roads enough in 
lW/ir,which we to our great di&dvsuitagj very mudi 
want. . . . . ' ; . 

But to return to the Monlbons. 
Thefe (as I have told you) blow ficroeft in Sep- 
tember^ and, as I have been informed,^ blow onfeveral 
Points of the Compoll. . . . . 

The ftormy Monioons on: the MalUharCx^ dif- 
fer from thefe on the Gpaft of CoromMdel ^ in 
that thgy' a^e mosQ coinmop, .and laft evcnnom 
April to September^ , ; which is as long as the com- 
rnon Weft .Monfoon. lafts, though not io frequent 
and lafting in xh^ bcginning^ of the Monlbon, as 
towards the latter end, 

. The JVlpnths'of Ji4ly and AMguft afford very bad 
Weather, Jpr then there is har(fly any intemnufiion, 
l^ut a contiqued troubled Sky fiill of jblack Qouds 
which . j^ur down exceffive Rains, and often very 
fierire Winds- Put towards the , breaking up of 
the MonfooD, they have one very terrible Storm 
called hy thQ Portuguefe, the Eijphanta^ which con- 
cludes the bad Weather. For after that they put to 
Sea with9:ut fear of any ipore Storms that Seaibn. 

Thieie violent : Winds, blow dkcflHy in upon the 
flwe i iarnd they damifup the Harbours on this Coall, 
elpecially that of Goa^. fb that no Ships can go in 
Of come out thgn ^ but after the violent Winds are 
paft, the Channel opens again, and fo continues till 
the next SeajR:ai. 

This 



O/ Storms. j^ 

This Relation I h^d from a very ingenious Gentle- 
man who was at Goa during the bad Weather. 

I fhall only tak^ notice that t^efe Storms are alio 
at the fame time^<5i^the Year, when the Hurricanes 
Souths are in the Weft Indies^ and the TufFoons on 
the Coafts of China^ Tunqueen^ Cochinchina and 
Cmbodia in the Eaftern Parts of the Eaft Indies^ and 
that all thefe places are to the North of the Equa- 
tor^'. ^ .1 V 



- 1, 






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t 



'. ./ i. 



•> ' . 



r- • ' f • 

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t ' . . . it 

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C H A P.. 



T5. ] 



t.L i .mw^ ■■^^'. ' s'. ' .jj. I i i-^^y^— ■^>— '^^^ 



chap: vii 

0/ rfcf Seafons of the Year, 

fbe Wet and Dry Seafons on the North fide of the 
Equator $ and on the South of it. Places fa* 
mous for much dry Weather ; oi part of Peni^ 
and Africa. A Comparifon between tbofe Coafi^^ 
Of raining Coafts 5 as Guinea. Why Guinea 
morefdj^ to Rains than tbeoppofite Coaft of 
Brazil 2%^ time of Sugarmaking. Of the 
Seafons at Suranatn. Bays more fuijeSi to 
Rain than Head-Lands. Several infianees of 
this^ as at Catnpeachy, Panama^ Tunqueea^ 
Bengila^ Cfc. Mountains more fuhjeSi to Rains 
than how Lands $ An inftance of thi$ at Ja- 
. maica. The Ifle of Pines near Cuba, a wet 
Place. So is alfo Gorgonia in the South Seas, 
the manner how Tornadoes arife. 

AS Sutisner and Winter are the tvro noiofl: dii^ 
ferent Seafons in our Climate^ lb the Drj^ 
and theiyetare within the torrid Zonei and 
' are almys oppofite to each other. They 
we often called by- Europians Winter and Summer^ 
but more generally , Dry and Wet. 

Thele Seafons on each fide of the Eouator, are as 
difl^entas the Seafons of Summer and Winter are In 
temperate ClunateSjOr near each Pole. For as 'tis Sum- 
mer near the Notth Pole, when 'tis Winter near the 
South Pole, a,nd the contrary : fb when 'tis fair and 

dry 



Of *Be Seajonstf theTear. 77 

dry Weather North of the Eguator, 'tis Muttering 
and rainy Weather South ofit, and the contrary j 
except within a few degrees of the Line, and that 
in ibme places only. 

There is alfb this difference between the Torrid 
and Tediperate Zones, either North or South of the \ 
Equator^ that when it is fair and dry Weather in die 
one, it is Winter in the other : and when it is Wet in 
the one, it is Summer in the other. I Q)eak now of 
Places lying on the lame fide of the Equator : For 
as die Sun when it palles the Equinox, and draws 
towards either of theTropicks, begins to warm then: 
re^)e9ive Poles, and by how much the nearer he 
approaches, by fo much is the Air without the Tro- 

?icks cteir, dry and hot On die contrary,within the 
brrid Zlone (though on the faftiefide of the line; 
the fardier die Sun is off, the dryer is the Weather, 
And as the Sun comes nearer, the sky grows mfte 
cloudy ana the Weather more moift : for the Rains 
follow the Sun, and begin on either fide of the E- 
quat6r, within a little while after the Sun has croft 
die Equinox, and lo continue till after his return 
back agam. 

The wet Seafbnon the North fide of the Equator 
in the torrid Zone, b^insin April or JHy, and fo 
con^mvios iSSl September pi OSober. 

The dry Weather conaes in JimenAer or December^ 
and continues till April ot May. 

In South Latitudes the Weather changes at the 
lame times, butwidi this djfieience, that die dry 
MoHths in South Latitude, are wet Months in Nordx 
Latitude, and the contrary, as I haye laid before. 
Yet neither doe the wet or dry Sealbns fet in or go 
out exafti^ at one time, in all Years j neither are all 
places fubjefl: to wet or dry Weather alike. For in . 
Ibme places it rains lels than in others \ and conle* 
quently there is more dry V Veather* But generally 

Places 



•Places that lye under the Line, or near it, havetheit 
grcateft Rains in March and September. '' ' * 

Head-Lands or Coafts that lye moft expofed to 
the Trade-winds have commonly the bell fhare of 
dry Weather. On the contrary, deep Bays or bend- 
ings of the Land, efpecially fuch as lye near the 
Line, are moft fubjeO: to Rains. Yet even among 
Bays or Bendings, there is a great deal of difference 
in the Weather as to dry or v\^et ^ for the Weather, 
as well as the Winds feem to be much influenced by 
accidental Gaufes^ and thole Caufes themlelves, 
whatever they are, feem to be lubjeO: to great va- 
riation. 

But to proceed with Matter of FaQ: ^ I Ihall be- 
gin with the dryeft Coafts^ andfirft with that of 
^eru^ from 3 d. South to 30 d. South- There i; 
never Rains, neither at Sea for a good diftance off 
m|re, as for 250 or 300 Leagues-, no nor on the 
Ihore for a confiderable way within Land-, though 
exa£Uy how far I know not ^ yet there are fmall 
Mills, Ibmetimes in a Morning for two or thre^ 
Hours ^ but feldom continuing alter 10 a Clock ^ and 
there are Dews alfb in the Night. 

This Coaft lyes N.andS. it has the Sea open to 
the Weft, and a chain of very high Mountains run- 
ning a long fliore on theEaft,8c the Winds conftant- 
ly Southerly, as I fiid before in the fecond Chapter 
of Winds. 

In which Head I have made a Comparilbn as well 
of the Winds on the Coaft of Africa in the lame 
Latitude, as of the lying of the Coafts. Only ther& 
is this diflerence, that the coafting Trade-winds on 
the American fide do blow fiirther from the Land 
than thofe on the African fide. VVhich difference 
may probably arife from the dilprbportion of the 
Mountains that are in the two Continents^ for \\^ 
knov/n that the Andes in America are Ibme of the 
high eft Mountains in the World, but whether there 

are 



ate any on the Continent of Africa in thofe Lati- 
tudes fo high, I know not. Ihave not heard of anjr^ 
at leaft n one liich are vifible to Seamen. 

I come now to fpeak of the Weather on the A- 
ftican Coaft, which though 'tis not fo dry as the 
Coaft of ^eru^ yet is it the next to it. The Weather 
there is very dry from March till OUober^ which is 
the dry Sealbn. , . 

The rainy SeafoajWhich is ftom O^^^^r till iH^r^Zr, 
is moderate, without that excels that is in mofi other 
Places in thofe Latitudes v fo that the wetteft Seafbn 
can only be called fo ftomfome gentle Ihowers of 
Rain- 
There are fome Tornadoes, but not fo many as 
are m any^other Places both of the Eaji or We^ In- 
dies^ the Peruvian Coaft ' excepted. And if the 
height of x\i€ Andes are the caufe that the true Eaft 
Breezdoes not take place in the PacifickSeo, within 
200 Leagues diftance from the Ihore, when yet the 
Trade blows within 40 Leagues of the African 
Coaft 5 that Coaft may 'perphaps be liippofed to 
want fuch hi^h Mountains. And if thofe Ameri- 
can Mountains dp ftop the VVinds from their Career^ 
why may tHey not as well break the Qouds before 
they reach near the fljore, and be tlie caufe of th,e 
dry Weather there ? And feeing both Coafts do jy^ 
alike, and the Wind is alike ^ why (hpuld not the 
Weather be the fame ^ were it hot for the dilpro- 
portion between the Mountains of th^e Coafts > For 
the Eaft fide of thofe Mountains are fupplied with 
Rain enough,, as may be known by the .great Rivers 
that difembogue from thence into the Atlantick Sea j 
whereas the Rivers on the South Sea-Cpaft are but 
very few and fmall y fonie of which do wholly dry 
away for a good part of the Year ^ But yet they 
conftantly break out again in their Seafons,whcn th6 
Rains in the Country docome^ which always fall on 

. theW^ft 



Weft fide of thofe Mountains, and this is about Ef- 
brudry. 

As I have fpoken before of dry Coafts, fo now 
I Ihall Ipeak of rainy ones. I Ihall begin with the 
Coaft of Guinea^ from Qipe Lc^os^ which lies one 
degree Soutlx^ taking in the Bite or Bending of the 
Land, and all the Coaft Weft iSrom thence^ as fer as 
Cape F almas. 

This is a very wet Coaft, . fubjeO: to violent Tor- 
nadoes and excefiive Rains, efpedally in July and 
Augujl: In thofe Months there is fcarce any fkir 
Day. This Coaft lies all of it very near the Equa- 
tor, and nowhere above 6 or 7 degrees (Mance- fo 
that from its nearnefs to the Equator only, we might 
probably conjefture that it is a rainy Coaft^ for 
moO[ places lying near the Line are very fubjeO: to 
Rains : yet fome more tlian others •, and Guinea 
may be reckoned anloriK the wetteft Places in the 
World. There may be rlaces where the Rains con- 
tinue longer, bftt none* are tnore violent while diey 
laft. ^ 

And as ite neamefi to the Line nmy be a great 
caufe of its ffioifture •, fo by its fituation alfo one 
would guefs that it fhould be iiibjefl: to a great deal of 
Rain ^ becauie there is a ^af Bite or Bendihg in of 
the I^nd,a little to the North of the Line ^ and from 
thence the Land ftretcheth Weft parallel with the 
Line. And thefe Qrcumftances fingly taken, accor- 
ding to my obfervations do leldom fell, but more 
especially where they both meet;. Yet there may be 
ether caufes that may Mnder thofe Effefts, or at 
leaft ferve to allay the violence of them, as they 
do on fome other Coafts* I (hall only inftance in 
the oppofite Cbaft of America between the North 
Qipe, which lies North of the Equator, and Cape 
'Blanco on Brazil^ in South Latitude. Now this 
Land lyes much after the Form of the Coaft of 
Ouinea. wi^ this difference, that one Coaft lies in 

South 



South Lat the other lies North of the Equator, both 
of thefe Promontories lay paralel with me Equatpr, 
8C there's not much diflFerence ih their diflance froni 
it \ but that which makes the difierenceis, that one 
juts out Weftward the other Eaftward •, and ib dne 
IS the veiT Weftermoft Land of the Continent of 
Ajrka^ the other is the Eaftentioft Land of the 
Continent of il;«^Wtf: The one has only an eddy 
Wind, which feems to me to be the EflFefl! of two 
contrary Wmds: The otiber Coaft lies open to the 
Trade, and never wantes a Breei. And the formeir is 
troubled with Tornadoes and violent Rains during 
the wet Sfiaibn^ Whith is Mny^ jfune^ July^ Auguft 
and September : but the extfeameft wet Months are 
fufy and Jiug^{t \ when it rams in a manner conti- 
nuwy. April and OScherjBiS&> Ibmetimes are wet 
Months,^' 

- The other Coaft on the American Conthient^ 
^hich lyes open to the E and N. E. or S. R and 
which enjoys tihe freer Trade-Wind, is leis fubjeft 
to Rain-, only as it lyes near the Line, it has its part^ 
but not to exceis,nor in any comparilbn WitiiGuinea^, 
And as the Lme is to theR of it, fo its wet Months 
are from Oifober till Apri/^ and the dry Sealbn from 
April to OSdber. And thefe Sealbns reach even to 
d orj degrees North of the Line : which I do not 
know to be fb in any other part of the World again. 
Indeed Cape Lopes in Guinea^ is in one degree South ^ 
yetjparticipates of the iame Weather that the reft 
of Guinea has, which lies to the North of the 
Line: 

Now the Realbn why Europeans do account the 
dry Sealbn Summer, and the wet .Seafon Winter j 
is oecaule the dry Seafon is their Harveft time, efpc- 
ciaily in our Flantati<xis, where we chiefly make 
Sugary for then the Canes are as yellow as Gold« 
They have then indeed lels jiice, but that little there 
is^ is -very lweet> Whereas in the wet Seaibn, tho* 

Fff the 



82 Of the teafMs of the tedrl 

the Canes are ripe^ arid come to their Maturi^ ^ yet 
do they not yieldfiich quantities of Sugar, neither is 
\t lb good, tiiough the pains in boiling it be alfo 
greater. Therefore in^ Northern Climates, as all our 
riantations are in, they commonly begin to work 
^bout making df Sugar at Chrijimat j after the dry 
Seafon has brought the Canes to a good perfe£tion* 
But ih South Cumates, as on the Coaft of Brazil^ 
they h&mi to workin Jufy. $ome Places there are 
in North Latitudes alfi) near the line^ where the 
Wea&er bears time with the Seafons in Soqth Lat< 
as at Suranam^ wluch tho' it is in North Latitude, 
yet are the Seafonsthere the fame as in South Lati« 
tudes «, but 1 know not fuch another inflance aji^ 
• where. And thou^ the dry Seaion is the tune to 
gather in the Canes, and die wet Sealcm to plants 
yet are they not ib limited as to makeuie <»]ly of 
thefe Seaibns for either ^ but do it chiefly for tndf 
beft convenience \ for they may plaiit at any time of 
the Year, and that with good liiccels: eipeqally 
^fter a moderate (howi^ of Rain, which often hap- 
pens even in the dry Sfeafons. 
But Imuft proceed. 

I have (aid. before that Bays have greater 
Quantities of Rain than H^-Lands. , 

The Bay of Campeachy is a good Inftance of this^ 
for the Rains- are very great there, elpecially in die 
Months of July and Auguft. Ota the contrsuy, Ae 
Coaft from Cape Catoch^ to Cape Condecedp^ which 
ties more expofed to the Trade, has not near Ac 
Rains as the Bay of Campeachy hath. 

The Bay of Honduras alfo is vciy wet, . and all 
tliat bending Coaft from Gape Gratia de DioSy even 
to Carthagena. But on the Coaft of Carrafcos^ and 
about Cape L(^ K^/i2 , where the $reesies are moie 
brisk, the Weather is more flioderate. VChgrras in 
thofe little B4ys between, ther^ is ftill a dii^:^nce : 
For in the Bay of Mericaya^ which lies a Iktie'to 

the 



the Eaft of Cape La Vela^ there is much more Rain 
than at or near the Cape. 

TheBay oitanama alio will futnifhus with a proof 
of this,byits immoderate Rains 5 efpecially the South 
fide of it> even from the Gulph of* St. Michael^ to 
Cape Sc Eranchi the Rains there are from April iiW 
Ncvember ^ but in JuTie^ JulydLiA Auguft^ they are 
mod violent . 

There are maiiy finall Bays alio Weft from the 
Bay of Fa?tama^ which have their Ihares of thele 
wei ScalbnSj as the Gylph of Dulce^ Caidera Bay, 
Amafda^ SCC but to the Weft of that, where thp 
Coott runs mote plaki and even, there are not fuch 
wctSeafonsiyet maJBffl^timies very violent Tbrnadoes. 

The Ed^ VBubu alio has many Bays that are fub- 
jeft to v^ violent Raiiis, as the Bay ot TomjUecn^ 
that of &am^ the bottom and th6 Eaft fide of the 
fiaf of Bengali. But on the Coaft of Coromandel^ 
vmch is the Weft fide of that Bay, the Weather is 
iQOffe moderate : that behig an even, plain, low Coaft. 
But on the Coaft of MaUabar^ which is on the Weft 
fide of that Promontory, the Land is high and 
mountainouSjK there are violentHains indeed theWeft 
fides of any Continents are wetter than thpEaft fides, 
the CoBft of F^r^ and AfricaoxAY excepted^ in the 
former of which the drynefe may be occafioned (as 
is fiad before) by the height of the; Andes. And 'tis 

SobabljS that the violence of the Rains near thole 
ountains fells chiefly on the Eaft fides of them, 
and leldom reaches to their Tops : which yet if the 
Rains do they majr there be broke in pieces, and 
teach no further, ror, among other Ob£rvations, 
I have taken notice that Mountains are fupplied 
withmore Rains than low Laqds. I mean the low 
Land bordering on the S^a. As forinftance, the 
South fide ^f Jamaica beginning at Leganea^ and 
irom thence away to the Weftward, as far as Black 
River, induding aU the plain Land and Savannahs 

F f f 2 about 



S4 Uftbe seajons of f»e leat. 

about St. J ago de la Vega^ Old Harbour and Withy 
wood Savannahs. This is a plain level 0>iintty foi 
many Miles lying neat Ealt and Weft, having the 
Sea on the Souths and bounded vdth Mountains on 
• the North- 

Thofe Mountains are commonly iupplied with 
Rain before the low Lands. I have Known the 
Rains to have begun there three Weeks before any 
has fallen in the plain Country, bordering on the 
Sea-, yet every day I have obferved very blade 
Clouds over the Mountains and have heard it tbun- 
. dex there. And thofe very Clouds have leemed by 
their Motion to draw towards the Sea, but have been 
checked in their Courfe, and have either returned 
towards the Mountains again or clfe have Ipent them- 
felv^s before they came from thencse, and i:^ have 
vanilhed away again to the great grief of the 
Planters, whofe Plantations and Cattle have ilifi^ 
for want of a little Moifture. ^ Nay,rhefe Tornadoes 
have been fo nigh that the Sea Breez has dyed 
away and we have had the Wind ftefli out of the 
Clouds, yet they have vanilhed, and yieldidno Rain 
to the low parch'd Lands. 

And I think that the want of feafonable Shewrs 
is one of the greateft Inconveniencies that tidspart 
of the Country fuiFers, for I have known in iome 
very dry Years, that the Grafi in the Savannahs has 
been burned and withered for want of Rain^ and Ae 
Cattle have perifhed thereby for want of Food; The 
Plantations alfo have lufFered very much by it, but 
fiich dry Seafons have not been known on die North 
fide of the Ifland wher$ the Mountains are border- 
ing on theSea,or at leaft but a little diftance off itJFor 
there they are fupplied with feafonable Showers jd- 
moft all the Year, and even in the dry time it feli^ 
near the Full and Change of the Moon. But in the 
wetSeafon, the Rains are more violent, . wWch is 
their Inconvenience. 

As 



As for ^the Valleys in the Country, they arenotfub- 
jeft tp liich Droughts as the plain Land by the Sea, 
at leaft I have not obferved it my felf, nor have 
I heard it naentioned by others. 

The Ifle of ^ines near G^^iis ib noted a place for 
Rain that the Spaniards inhabiting near it on Cuba^ 
fiy that it rains more or lels every day in the Year, 
at one place or another. It is generally Ipoten alio 
& beUev'dby Privateers, for it has been oft vifited by 
them. I have been there my felf^ but cannot con- 
jGrm that report. However, it is well known to be 
a very wet and rainy place. 

It is but a finallHland of about p or lo Leagues 
long and 3 or 4 broad 5 and in the midft is a high 
.pecked Mountain^ which is commonly xlouded ; and^ 
the Privateers lay that this Hill draws all the Clouds 
' to it J for if there is not another Cloud to be leen 
any where elfe, yet this Hill isfeldom or never 
clear. 

Gorgonia in the South Seas alio has the lame re- 
port. It is much finallcr than Yines. I have men- 
tioned it in my Voyage round the World. Chap. VIL 
Pare 172.^ 

This Jfle lies about 4 Leagues from^ the Mam ; but 
' the Ifle of Tines not above 2, and i$ a great deal 
bigger than it. The Main againft Gorgonia is very 
low Land ^ but Cuba near Yines is pretty high, and 
the Mountain of Fines is much bigger and nigh^r 
than the Hill of G^;;ft7;7/^, which yet is of a good 
height, to that it may be leen id or 18 Leagues oflF^ 
And tho* I cannot fay that it rains every day there, 
yet I know that it rains very much and extraordinary 
hard. 

I have been at this Ifle three times •, and always 
found it very rainy, and the Rains very violent. I 
remember when we tpuijh'd there in our return ftom 
Captain Sharps we bbikd a Kettle of Chocolate 
before w6 clean'd our Bark- and having every Man 

Fff 3 his 



his Callabalh foil, we began to fup it off^ Randiog 
all the time in the Rain ^ but I am confident not a 
Man among us all did dear his Difh, fot it ndned 
fo fad and fuch great drops into our CallabaflieS) 
that after we had iiip'd on a$ much Chocolate and 
Rain^Water together as Ihffifed us, our CaUabaQies 
iwere ftill above half fidl ^ and I heard fome of the 
Men Iwear that they could riot fup it up ib faft as it 
rained in ^ at laftl grew th:*d with what I /had left, 
and threw it away : and moft of the reft did ib l&e- 
wife. 

As Glouds do ufually H6ver 6v& Hills and Moun- 
tains, fo do they alio keep hear the Land. I lave 
mentioned Ibmediing of this in my Vcyage round 
ibe World. Chap X. Page 283. where ,1 £ave iMd, 
that in making Land we conamonly find it Ooudy 
over the Land, tho' -tisclfar every vmere befidc : And 
this may ftill confirm what I have laid in ' the fore- 
go ng Dilcourie, tliat Hills are commonly douded^ 
lor Hi§h Land is die firft dlfcerned by iis, and tibat, 
as I laid before, is comirioiity cl^ud«i. But now 1 
fhull fpeak how' we find the Clouds; When we are 
hut a Untie way from LancLi either coafting^^ong the 
ihore^ or at an Ajicbor by it I h6pe :rae R^er 
-will not im^ine thkfl am gpfng to-: prove that it 
never Rains at Sea^ or biit yqy little there ^ for the 
contrary is known to wcay 15^ 
&d iq this Difcourfe of Winds in r&y firft Ghapter, 
That there, are very ffaqUent Tornadoes in feveral 
' Seas elpeqlaUy near the Equator, andmbre partrcu- 
larly in the Atlantick Sea- Other Seas'are not ^o 
m\k\i troubled with thetnv' neith^ is the Admitick 
ib tathe North or South pf the l4ne ; f^edally at 
any confiderable diftapce; ftom thetjiore, but yet 'tis 
very probable however^ that the Sea hasiiot fo great 
a portion of Tornadoes as the iaild hath.: For when 
we are near the fliore wifhin the torrid Zone, we 
often^ fee it irain on the JLajid^ and perceive it to be 
w-.. .•..•. . . • ve^ 



y^ cloudy there, when it is fair at Sea and Icarce 
a Cloud to be feen that way. And though we have 
the Wind ftom the fliore,& tb^ Qouds feencung to be 
drawing ofl^ yet they often wfieel about agam to the 
Land, as if they were Magnetically drawn thaf. 
way ; ^^metimes indeed they do cSrge off a little ^ 
but then tfiey ufiiaily either retjirn z0xi or elfe in- 
.^snfibly li^anim ^ and that's the Realoh that S^ot^, 
when ttey are failmg near tite^orei ^d lee a Tor-; 
^^AojCQmn^ ofl^ they don't tm^ but cx^ 

the hajfi ixiill ^/<?t^^/^r //: Buf however, ibnjetii 
they fly oflK to Sea^ And 'tis very, ttie^ that I^OJ 
4q6s arife ftpm thence •, for t^ey ^^tjerally rife I 
jov^ theLjnH^ jnd that in a very fbrange mam 
im ev0i from * yeiy finaU Cloud arituK over 
top of a Hill, I have often leen it iocreaie to ft 
bullc, that I have known it rain for 2 or 3 days 
ceffively . This I have obferved both in die Ea^„ 
Weft Indies^ and in i}citSouihzxAlfimhSee^^ 
'tis impofftble for me to forget how 6ft I ha^^^n 
difturbed by fiich fmall Clouds that appeal^ in the 
Night. TTis ufual with Seamen in tfiofe parts to 
fleep on the Deck -, eipecially for PrivateeisV among 
whom I made thele Obleivations. In iPrivateers, 
eipecially when we are at an Anchor, thei Deck is 
fpread with Mats to lye on each Nig^t- Ev^iy Man 
has one, fome two •, and tliis with a Pillow for the 
Head and a Rug for a Covering, is all the B^Jijg 
■ tl ia t i sTi cecflaiy foi ^-Men of that Emp l^-^ ^ ^ ^ 

I have many times Ipread my Lodging, when the 
Eveninghaspromifedwell, yet have feeen forced to 
withdraw before Dav •, and yet it was not a little 
Rain that would anight me then ^ neither, at its 
iirfl comu^n^uld I have thought that fuch a fmall 
Cloud couM afford fo much Kain : And oftentimes 
both my felf and others have beeii fb deceived by the 
. ap^i^nce of fo fmall a Ooud^ that tfainkiqg the 
Kaiii would fbon be over, we \ay^ lain t^ we were 

Fff it popping 



dropping wet, and then have been forced to move at 
laft. But to proceed. 

I have conftantly obferved, that in the wet Seafbn 

we had more {lain in th^ Night than in the day j for 

though it was fair in the Day, yet we leldom elcaped 

having a Totnado or two in the Night. If we had 

one in the Day, it rofe and came away prefendy, 

and it may be we had an Hours Rain, more or lefe ^ 

but when it came in the Night, though there Was 

little appearance of Rain, yet we ftiould have jt 3 

or 4 Hours together 5, but this has commonly been 

pigh the (hoie •, and we have feen thick Clouos ov^ 

the Land and much Thunder and Ughtning, and to 

our appearaiice , there was more Rain diiete than we 

had •, and probably out farther off at Sea, there 

might be.ftifl lefs: ft>r it was commonly pretty dear 

tii^tw^y, 






< { 






^; 



C H A p. VIII. 

Of Ttits and CwretUs, 

3%e MjS^ence hrtween tides mid Cunems. No 
place in the Ocean mtiaut tides. Where the 
tides are greatefi, and where fmaikfii Of the 

, tides in the Harbour and Lagunes 0/ Trift j in 

, the Bay of Campeachy. Ofthofe between the 
Capes of Virginia, the Tides in the Gtdfh of 

, 5>. Michael J and the River qf Guiaquil^ in 
the South Sea^ A miftakpi Opinion of a Sub* 
terranfian Communication between the North and 
South Seasy under the Ifthmus of Darien. Of 
the tides at the Gallapagos Iflands ^ at Guam, 

' one of the Ladrones ; About Panama ^ In the 
Qulph of Duke and Necoya River 5 on the 
Coaft of Peru 3 in the Weft Indies) and at 
Tonqueen § wbfre^ andat^tw Holland, they 
are very irregular. 4 ff^ft at the Reafon of Jo 
great an irregularity. Of the tides between 
the Cape of Good Hope and the Red Sea. Of 
Currents^ theji are ^uenced by the trade- 
Wind. Inflames of thewi as Berbadoes> tiff. 
. at Cape lAVela ; and Gratia de Dios. Cape 
Roman. /|fe Trinidado s Surinam $ Cape 
^lancos i^tween Africa and Brazil. Of 
Counter Currents. Of Currents in the Bay 
of Campeachy j and 0/Mexico 5 in the Gulpb 
of Florida. Of the Cacufes* No ftrange tbsn^ 



fof thefitrfaee ef the WaUr to nUt ComUfio 
its hwer Farts. Of ike Cmtnnts ra^ Coaft 
«f Angola % Eaflmard of the Gape of Good 
Hope : Off the Coajkrf In^i tlorth of ih 
Line : And in the Soudi Sea. 







'Aving treated of the WmdszxASeafamcftbe 
^^ in the torrid Zone, Inpwcome tpq)eak 
jf the Tider aniCMrrents ^hcte. And hy 
le iivajr Note, lliat, 
BfT/^eirlmeail I^Gvtings an^ 'fitbings of the 
Sea, c^n or off fiom anf Coaft. VKUoilffop^ 
of iheiSsafienistabeQdnsrfid^ thoqph Bot i^gci* 
;larfy atlk«<}0 Si\\ Coffts^. fieither as to Tune nor the 
Jjcifltttiofrfie Wat^. * 

Jty ^^-if^r/ I >n^n another Motion of. the Sea,' 
whidfijs. difiercnt noni Tides in feveral Rdfoe£ts ; 
both as :tp its Duration^ and alio as tb its C0111& 
' Tides may becompafd to theArn 8E LoKd-Bretzes^ 
in ^foda to their ke^f&ig near tiie ihott though 
indtedtthey altefnatdjr flow aid (bb twice in 24 
^oios. Cdinanlytiig^^tSreezesblowontiiefliore 
:by Day^ ^ the JUnd^^iiids .off.^om it in die 
;N^ght \ yet they te^^thfe'Courfeas duly in a man- 
ner as the Tjdes.dcs Neither ar6 the Tides nor 
thole Breezes far froni «tic Land.\ - ; * * ^ ' 

Curi;e\its may be'toimpar^ to ^eC?4j(l/« Tmde- 
'^Winils^ ^s keepine at fintie fardm: diflaqceBxmthe 
ihbri, astheTrade^wMsdo^ and^dspnobaUethey 
«e xtivsk influenced l^r iSx&fu . ^ \ 
^* TTisa general hflwfi cfpecjailjr wop^ Sejunen, 
That the ,Ti4e$ are. govqi^ V theMobn : That 
^ dieif {ncr^ and Decreaie, as i/v^tl as tlieir diurnal 
Motion^, ^ infiuencqdby that Tianetv dxou^ 
. Ibmetime^ accidental Omies in the Widds may hm* 

p^olaritydiereoK 



*i * 4* « H 



We 



We are taught, as the&fl: Rudiments of Navigati- 
otiy to M^ ow Tides*, /. c. to know the time of full 
Sea in any Place ^ which indeed isvoynecefla^ to 
be known by all Englifh Sailers, becaule the Tides 
are moreregidar in our Channel, than inother parts 
of the WorkL 

But my fubjeCI being to (peak of tiie Tides witb« 
in or near tbe Tropick, I leave thole injdaces nearer 
E^iitmd^ to be diicouried on byCoafteis, who ate 
the ority knowing Men in this Myflery : Th^ halv- 
ing by esqpdrience ^ined more knowledge m it than 
othefss and ^at is always the bell Mafier. 

I have not been (^ any Coaft in the World, bet 
where the Ty^s have ebb'datidflow'd^ either more 
or leis •, and this I have commonly oh&tved, tibat 
the greateft Indrat^tsof Rivers or Iiagnns, have 
commonly the (lr<Higeft Tides. Contrarily iuch 
Coaffe A^ are kaft TuppUed with Hivers or Lakes 
have the weakeft Tides $ at leaft tiiey are not fo per- 
ceptible. Where itoe are great Indraughts eidier of 
Rivers or Lagunes, and thofe Rivers or Lagunes are 
wide, though the Tide runs very firoi^ into the 
Mduttls ^f &ch Rivers or La^es ^ yet it does not 
iioWlo high, as in iiicfa Places where the Rivers or 
Lates tfre bounded ina narrow Room^ though the 
^Hd^^do run of an equal iireng^ at die Mouthsor 
-Enttaiibfe of either. Neither do the Tides flow ib 
: tiibch on or about Iflands remote from the Main 
'Landj -as'they do^on the Coafts of it 

IlhaU ^givelbme Infhnces of diefe general 

Obi^V?tions, afidtheh proceed to Particulars. 

' ^Tfae Places that I fliall nrnmon Ihall be fidi 9S 

' IhliveJ been in^ihy i^f V and where I have made the 

OMervation^'befote^nentioned ^ I (hall bqdn with die 

^ iagune of 7nft;,'\n Sie Bay tif Campeachy. 

This^^Fl^ceisI Very "remarkable, id that it has two 

l^outhsof a coASderaUe bi^is ^ the one is about 

' a Mile and halfWide, andabout two Mile thr< 




r 90W9wm 



before you come ta a »Lagune, whfch is feven or 
eight Leagues long and three wide. The other Mouth 
is 7 Leagues from it, and is about 2 Miles and hal^ 
or 3 Miles wide, and about 2 Miles long, before it 
opens into the Lagunc. Befidcs, farther within 
Land there are 3 or 4 more Lagunes lels than the 
former. 

, The Tides that flowor ebb in all the Lagunes pafi 
in or out at the two Mouths before-mentioi^ which 
makes them run very iwift, infomuch that ^e Spa- 
niards have nanaed that Great Lagune Laguna Ter- 
mina , or, the Lake of Tides \ becaufe the Tides are 
fo' very ftrong in thofe two Mouths. Yet, though 
the Tides do tun fo iwifi: at the Mouths of the La- 
gune, they do not rife in hei^t proportionable to 
that Iwiftneft V for the greateft Tides here do not 
rife and 611 above d or 7 Foot, except forced by- 
extraordinary Caufes, as Storms, or the like : Of 
which I have Ipoken before. 
V I could alfo inflance in the Channel,between the 2 
Capes of Virginia^ where the Tides do run very 
iwift^ yet theFloodsand Ebbs are not proportiona- 
bfeto thelwiftnels of the Tide between the Capes. 
There are not indeed fueh Lagunes as at TriJLjn the 
Bay of Campcacbyy but there are many wide Rivers, 
and abundance of fhoaller Creeks. Befides, in fonsee 
places there is low Land, which is over-flown by the 
Tidips ^ fo that all* the Water that runs iq withiiich 
Iwiftnefe within tiie Capes is infenfibly (wallowed 
:up.iiiere. 

Thefe are inftances of ftrong Tides, occafionedhy 
aeat Indraughts -, yet where there is but little ri- 
.ftig and falluig of the Water in comparifon with 
theftrength of the Tides at the Mouths of thofe In- 
draughts. 1 (hall next ^ve fome Inflanoes of the great 
IndrdUghts,where the Tides flow and ebb much more 
more than in the former Places 5 though the Tide at 
the Mouths of thofe Indraughts does not run ftvifter 
thao in thofe Places before-mentioned. I 



t 



i 






UfJiaesma umfemr. ^j 

I iliall only mention two Rivers in the South Sea, 
that I have taken notice of in my Voyage round the 
Worlds (viz.) theGulph of St. Michael y and the 
River of Guiaquill. 

In theGulph of St. Michael there are many large 
Rivers, which all difembogue into a Lagune of a or . 
3 Leagues wide. This Lagune is barr'icadoed frcffii 
the S^ withibmefinalllow Mangrovy Iflands, and 
between them are Creeks and Channels, through 
which the Tides make, their daily pafles into the La- 
gune •, and from thence into the Rivers, and lb back 
ag^in ^ many times pver-flowingthe laid Iflands, and 
leaving the tops of the lower Trees above Water. 

The Rivers that run into this Lagune are pretty 
narrow ^nd bounded on each fide with fteep Bante, 
as high as the Floods ufe to rife, and but veiy littiie 
higher. For at High-water, and on a Sprmg-tide^ 
the Water is almoft, or altogether even with the 
Land. 

The Lagune at the Mouth of the Rivers is but 
Imall, neither is there any other way for the Water 
to force it felf into, befide the Lagune and Rivers •, 
and therdbre the Tides do rife and fall here i8 or 
20 Foot 

The River of Guiaqml^ in this reipe8:,is much the 
lame with the Gulph of St. Michael 5 but the La- 
gunes near it are larger- Here the TiUe rifes and 
falls 1 6 Foot perpendicular. \^ 

I don't know of any other fuch Places in all the 
South Seas \ yet there are other large Rivers on the 
Coaft, between thefe Places •, but none fb remarkable 
for high Tides. The great Tides in the Gulph of 
St. Michael h2.\e doubtlels been the oct:afion of that 
Opinion,which feme hold,that there's aSubterreanean , 
Communicatien between the North and the South 
Seas 5 and that the Ifthmus of Darierf is like an 
Arched Bridge, under which the Tides mffte their 
conftant Courfes, as duly as they do mvA^ London- 

Brfdge^ 



94 Of Tides mm 

Bridge. And more to confinntlusOpim<Mii^&e have 
£dd, that theie aie^ continual and fbrang^ Noifis 
made by tkole Subtsitanean^ Fluxes and Refluxes ; 
and that they are heaid hj the Inhabitants of the 
Ifthmus ^ and alio that Ships failing .intheBay of 
Vanama are tol^d to and fi:o at a prodigious rate : 
Sometimes (fiy they) they are by the boiling of the 
Water^ dafh'dagainltlflands \ and in a moment left 
dry there, or (laved in pieces \ at otherdmes they are 
diawen or luckfd up, as 'twere, m a Wliirl-Pool and 
leady to be carried under Ground into the North 
Seas, with all Sails (landing. They have faid alfi>, 
that when the Tide flows, eQ)ecially on a Spring, 
. dielflandsin the Bay ale all over-flown ; nay, and 
even the Country v^ a great way togedier : and 
then nodiing is to be (een, but the topsOT Trees. But 
if ^us were (b, ^dsmuch that I andthofe that I was 
with, (hould not have heard or (een (bmetbipgof it : 
For 1 pais'd^cldhnius twice, and was 23 days in 
die lait Trip diat I made overit ^ but yetxfid I never 
hear of any NoKes under Ground diere. I failed 
aUb in theSoutfa Seas (taking in both times thati 
was there) near 3 Years : 8c leveral Months of it, I 
was in the Bay of Fanama. And a^ I wentaway 
thole of our y:ew that remained there, (pent a great 
deal more time in that Bav. Yet did they never 
meet with fuch ifaange Whirl-Pooles, but found as 
nleaiant failing there, as any where in the World. 
Neither did lever he^ any of the Spaniards or Lpi- 
dians make mention of any fuch thing in all mj 
Converfe with ttem •, which certainly they would 
have done, if thgr had ever experienced h ^ had it 
been only to terrifie us, and (care us away from their 
Coafts. 
I remember indeed our Country-man Mr. Gage^ 

g* ;es fomehints of thelfe ftrange Currents in this 
y, in his Book, called, A New Survey cftbe Wdi: 
lQdies,from P. 538 to 440. buti am afnud he took 

moft 



pfrmdn^Cmenls: 9i 

ilDoft of itupon truft from otheis ; or ^ he was 
Se^idick aU &at little Vcya^ : i^orhe Mves a venr 
imperfed: and l^me Account of that Bmnefs, as if 
he underftood not what he wrote. I ihould dHike 
his whole Book for that one (lories &ke, if I did not 
know that he has written candifiy upon oAer Mat- 
ters -, but I think I have laid enough of this: To 
proceed then. 

As to t;he great Tid£»s, which are. reported to 
he in thefe Seas, I have ^ven inllances of meni, but 
they are not fo great as is reported ^ nddier do they 
ebb and flow fo much any where as intheGulph of 
St. Mchdel only: where indeed they JBow over thoje 
finall low Mangrove Blands, at the Mouth of the 
Ls^gune, . and leave only the tops of the low Trees 
above Water x for idioite Klands are very low, neither 
do ttey afford any high Trees. But however, the 
Iflands at the Moudi oftheGulph, before you come 
to tibefe low ones, are near over-Dovvn *, yet are they 
very fmall and low, in compariJR>n with other 
Iflands in the Bay of Tanama. Aud indeed fliotild 
die Iflands in that Bay be overflown, the Ci^ of 
^^j^^' would ibon he many Yards under Water. 
But fo far is this from being true, that die Vearl 
4/£Ki?i& which are very flat and low, are yet n^er 
over-flpwn. f^or there the Tide riieth and falls, not 
above lo or 1 1 Foot on a^ Spring, at die Sbuthexmoft 
end of th^n, which is ahnoft oppofite to the Gulph 
of SuIVUchael^ and not above xa or 14 Leagues 
diflant from it And yet there it flows more uian 
it does at or near Fi^/r^mii, cff any other I'lace in the 
Ba;^ (6?ccept juft at the Mouths of Kiveis) by a or 
3 Foot. Therefore all that icjjort is whcdly groun- 

lefs. 

But to go on. 

I have alio oblerved, that Iflands lying M ofFat 
Sea, have ieldom iuch hkh Tides as thofe that are 
nqu: th^ Main^ or as any rlaces on the Mam it felf ^ 

" ' as 



jf9 vjj 4y(»cr# liiSM wiirr ciiMi . 

^ for ejcample;, at xhtGallapagos Iflandsy which lyd 
about loo Leagues fiom thcMun; The Tides don^t 
rife and fell above a Foot and hal^ or two Foot, 
which is Icls than they do on the Coaft of the Kfaiii. 
For on moft Places of the Main it rifeS and fells 2. 
or 3 Foot, more or lels, according as the Coaft is 
more orlefs expoled to Indraughts or Rivets. 

Guam^ one of the Ladrone Elands, is alfo another 
inftanceof this. There the Tide rifeth not above 2 
or 3 Foot at moft. In the Bay of Yanama the Tides 
do keep a more conftant and regular Courfe than ori 
other Places on the Coafts of reru and Mexito^ it 
was for that reafoni called them Currents in fome 
Races (mentioned in my Voyage round the YVbrid^ 
as particularly near Guati^lca^ on the Mexican Cd^i- 
nent^ in Chap. IX. Page 238.) but it was ttuly a Tide 
Avhichtherel called a Current) and it fets to tihe 
Eaftward as the ebb doth to the Weft. The Tides 
there do rife and fell' about 5 Foot, as they do on 
moft parts of that Coaft. 

At Viia Leja they rife and fall about 8 or p 
Foot. 

At AmaPala they alfo rife and fell about 8 or ^ foot^ 
and the^ rlood there tuns to the Eaft,andtheEbb to 
the Weft. 

In theXSulph of J>ulce and Neiccya River, tifey 
rife to 10 or n Foot •, but on the Coaft ofPertc 
they don't n& fo high, elpecially on all the Coaft, 
between C^St^Frands and the River Guiaauil ^ 
there the ftbod runsto the South, and the Ebb to 
the North. 

At the IflandP/jr^i thfe Tide rifes and fells 3 or 4. 
Foot J but from Cape Blanco^ in about 3 d. South, 
to 30 d. South, the Tides are finaller •, there they 
rife and fell not above a Foot and a half or 2 Foot. 
The Flood on this Coaft fets to tiic Soudi and the 
Ebb to the North, 

In 



wmmms. - ^ 

In all my Crufings among the Privateers, I took 
notice of the rifings of the Tides •, becaule by 
knowing it, I always knew where we might bell 
hall aftiore and clean our (hips : which is alfo great- 
ly obferved by all Privateers. 

In moft Places of t\\tWeJi Indies^ the Tide flows 
but little over what it does in out Channel. 

In the Eaft Jncfifs allb the Tides are but finall on 
moft Coafts, neither are they fo regular as with us. 

The moft irregular Tides that I did ever meet with, 
are zxTonqueen inabout.2od. North Latitude^and on 
the Coaft of New Holland^ in about 17 d. South. 
In both thefe places,, the neap Tides are fcarce diC 
cemable: Thofe of Tonqueen are defcribed at large 
by Mr. Davenport^ who was imployed by Mr. Jame^^ 
when he was chief of the Englifti Faftors there, 
to obferve them : And the whole Difcourfe is pub- 
lifhed in The WilofophicalTranfaSions of the Royal 
Society: whither I refer you. 

At New Holland I had two Months time toob- 
ferve the Tides. Thfere the Flood runs R by N. 
and the Ebb W. by S. And they rife and fall abouD . 
five Fathom. 

In all the Springs that we lay here, the hi^heft 
v^ere 3 Days after th;^ Full or Change, and that 
without any perceptible Caufe io the Winds or Wea- 
ther. I muft conrefs we were ftartled at it ^ and 
though Ibme of us had c^bferved it in the Springs, 
that happened while we lay on the Sand to clean our 
Ship, (as I have mentioned in my former Volume, 
Entituled, ANew Voyage round the World. Ch. XVX 

Ggg - Pagp 



n 



'** 



Page 471.) yet in that Spring that we deJGgned to 
hall off, in order to be gone from thence, we did 
all take more particular notice of it than in the 
preceding Springs ^ for many had not taken notice 
ot it before : And therefore the Major part of the 
. Company, fuppofing that it was a miftake in us 
who made thofe former Oblervations, expefted to 
hall off the Ship the third Tide after the Change ; 
but our Ship did not float then, nor the next Tide 
neither, which put them all into an amazment,and a 
great Confternation too : For many thought we 
mould never have got her off at all, ^ but by dig- 
ging away the Sand 5 and fb clearing a Paflage for 
her into the Sea. But the fixth Tide cleared all 
thofe doubts •, for the Tide then role fo high, as to 
float her quite up ^ when being all of us ready to 
Work, we hall'd her off-, and yet the next Tide was 
h^her than that j by which we were now all 
throughly latisfied, that the Tides here do not keep 
the fame time as they do in England. 

This I muft alio obferve, That hete was no River, 
nor Lagune, nor any other Indraught on the Land 
near us, that might occafion thefe great Tides ^ tho* 
'tis very probable that the great Bending between 
New Holland zxA New Guinea^ may have both Ri- 
vers and Lagunes, which may caufe thefe great 
Tides-, or elfe- there may be a Paflage of the Sea 
between both Places -, as it is laid down in fbme 
Draughts : Or if neither of thefe, there may be 
at leaft a large and deep Sound. 

1 his is the more probable, becaufe of the extraot- 
dinary Flood that lets to the Eaft-ward in all that 
Sea, between New Holland^ and the Iflands lying 
North of it ^ which we mofl: fenfibly perceived, 
when we were near New Holland \ And luch a Tide 
as this muft of neceflity have a greater Indraught 
tlian barely a River or Lagune •, and 'tis the more 

likely 



ur uaes ana umremsv ^9 

likely ftill, that this Tide fhould have a Paflage 
through between New Holland and New Guinea^ or 
at leaft a deep Sound there ^ becaufe it keeps along 
by the Main, and doth not run in amons the Iflands 
to die North of it. And befides, the Northermoft 
Promontory of New Holland flioots down almoft 
to the Line, which feems to be a Barrier to it on that 
fide ^ therefore it may in reafon be luppofed to have 
its Paflage fome other way •, but of this guefs, I 
have £iid enough. 

In the Streijdits of Malacca the Flood lets to the 
Eaft, and the Ebb to the Weft. 

I have fomid the Tides at Malacca Town, to rife 
and fall about fix Foot on a Spring. I had the Ex- 
perience of two Spring-Tides, when I was Cap^in 
Minchins Mate, as is before-mentioned in my Voy- 
age from Achin to Malacca. 

On the Eaft-fide of the African Coaft, between 
the Cape of Good Hope and the Red-Sea •, the Tide 
keeps its conftant Courle. The Flood tuns to the 
South-ward 5 the Ebb to the North-ward. And at 
a 5pring-tide in the Rivers on that Coaft, the Tide 
lifes and falls fix Foot, efpecially in the River of 
Natal^ in Lat 30 d» South. 

> 

I have this Relation from Capt Rogen^ who is 
a very ingenious Perfon, and well experienced on 
thatCoaii •, and is now gone Commander of a finall 
Veffel thither to Trade, 

« 

Having already latgely treated of Tides, I come 
now to fpeak fomewhat of Currents. 



Ggg a Currents 



loo «T •ws*^-' amutrrms. 

Currents and Tides difier many ways ^ for Tides 
run forward, and back again, twice every 24 
Hours : on the contrary. Currents mn a Day, a 
Wfek, nay, fometimes more, one way ^ and then it 
may be, run another way. 

In fome particular Places they run fix Months one 

way, and fix Months another. 

In other Places thw conftantly run one way only 
a day or two, about Full Moon, and then they run 
ftrong againft the fotmer Courfe j and after that, 
return the fame way again. 

In fome Places they run conftantly one way, and 
never fliitt at all. 

The force of Tides is generally felt ne» the 

- fhore ^ whereas Currents are at a remote diftancc 5 

neither are the Efte8s of them fenfibly decerned by 

the riling or falling away of the Water , as thofe 

of the Tides are^for thefe commonly fet along fhore. 

Tis generally obferved bv Seamen, that in all 
Places where 1 rade-winds blow, the Current is in- 
Huenced by them, and moves the fame v«ay with 
the Winds ^ but 'tis not with a like fwiftnefs in all 
Places •, neither is it always fo difcernable by us in 
the wide Ocean, as' it is ilear to fome Coaft ^ and 
yet it is not fo difcernable ^ netthd:, vetf itear any 
Coalt, except at Capes and Promontories, thatfhoot 
far forth out into the Sea •, and about Iflands alio 
the EiteOs ot them are fdt more or lefs, as they 
lye in the way ot the Trade Winds. 

I fhall iriftance Barbadoes for one, and all theCar- 
ribbes may as well be included. 

The 






The greater Iflands as Uifpaniola^ Jamaica and 
Cuba have only fome particular. Capes or Head- 
Lands, expofed to Current^, as Cape Tiberoen oa 
Hifpamok^ Toint ?edro^ and the N. E. Point of 
Jamaica^ Cape de Cruz^ Cape Corjentes^ and Cape 
Antonios on Cuba : But of all the Iflands in the Wejl 
Indies there are none more fenfible of Currents than 
Corrifao &: Aruba^nov any Capes on the Continent lb 
reiparkable for Currents. as CapeRoman^ which ilioots 
out againft the Sea, betweenthofe two Places, as 
alfo Cape Oquibaco and Cape ]La Vela to Leeward, 
all three on the fame Head-Land : which fhoots 
forth far, withput any other Land on the Coalt. 

There is no fuch Head-Land till you come to 
Cape Gratia de T>ios^ which is about 2 do Leagues, 
to J^eeward. Indeed to the Eaft-ward there is 
Land that trends outalmoft ib far, within 150 
Lejigues of it : ( Viz. ) The Ifland Trinidado and 
the Land agiinft it •, and there alfo are great Cur- 
rents. But I fliall mft fpeak of the Currents be- 
tween Cape La Vela and Cape Gratia de Dios. 

The Currents at Cape La Vela do feldom (hift, 
therefore Ships that ply to Wind-ward to get about* 
it, do not ply near the (bore, but ftand off to Sea, 
till they come in light of Hijpaniola^ and then back 
again, till within about 6 01% Leagues of the Cape^ 
but not nearer. But in the Wefterly Wind-Sealon, 
which is from OSober till March ^ Ships often meet 
Weflerly Winds that laft two or three Days, with 
which tliey may run to the Ealhvard, without 
apy trouble. 

Between Cape La Vela and Cape Gratia de Dios^ 
the Currents are much different from what they are 
againft the Cape : and this leems to proceed from 
the make of the Land •, ibr thefhore between the 

Ggg 3 . two 



1 02 Ml lides and Lments. 

two Capes, runs into the Southward, making a 
great Bay : And this Bay affords more varieties of 
Winds and Currents, than any one part of the Wefi 
Indies befides. 

Here, in the Wefterly Wind-Seafbn, the Cunent 
fets to the Weftwards conftantly •, but Ibmetimes 
ftronger than at other times. At about four 
Leagues off fhore, you find it, and fo it conti- 
nues till you are 20, — — 25, or 30 Leagues 

off! Beyond that you meet with an Eafterly 
Wind ^ and if there is any Current it runs alio to 
. the Weftward : therefore Ships that are bound to 
the Weftward, muft runo^ff to Sea Thirty or For- 
ty Leagues to get a Wind, or ,eife if they have but 
a little way to go, they muft ply clofe under the 
fhore, that fo they may Anchor when they pleafe : 
Otherwile they will be carried away to the Eaft- 
ward, Fourteen or Sixteen Leagues, in a Nights 
time ^ and that too, though they have a taint 
Eafterly Wind , as freouently they meet with , 
though Ms the Wefterly Wind-Seafon. 

To the Eafl of Cape Roman^ as liigh as the Ifland 
Tnnidado^ you meet only a foaking faint Cunent, 
fetting to the Weftward, except only near iuch 
places as ihoot out fardieft into the Sea , ' as 
about the Tefiegos^ which are fmall Iflands lying 
to Wind-ward of the Ifland Margarita. Between 
thole Iflands and the Main, you meet witli a pretty 
ftrohg Current : therefore it is hard gettinp to the 
Eaft-ward there •, but on all the Coaft, between 
Cafe Roman and the Head-Lapd, Ihooting out to- 
wards the Teftegos^ you may ply up with the Land 
and Sea-Breezes. 

From thence, till you congas high astheEaft- 
cnd -of Trinidado Ifle^ you meet with an extraor- 
dinary ftrong Current "" From 



Of Tides and Currents. 1 05 

From theEaft-end of Trimdado^ till you come to 
Surinam , though you meet an Eafterly Current, 
yet 'tis poflible to beat it up with the Land and 
Sea-Breezes. 

'FroniSurianam alio to Cape Blanco^ you may tunj 
it up , though to be liire youl meet with Cur- 
rents letting to the Weft ^ except near the Full of 
the Moon ^ and then on all the Coafts before-men- 
tioned, we commonly meet with Currents, letting 
to the Eaftward ^ at leaft then it flackens and ftands 
ftill, if it doth not run to the Eaftward. But 
\f hen you are come as far to the Eaft as Cape 
Blanco^ on the North of Brazil^ you meet with a 
Current always againft you ^ and io from thence 
Southerly, as far as Cape St. Augujline. . 

There is no dealing with this Promontonr ^ for it 
(hoots out fo fer into the Sea, and thereoy lies ib 
expofed to the Sea-Breezes and the Currents, that 
foak down between Africa and Brazil^xhzx it is quite 
contrary to reafon to think there fiiould not always 
be a Ibrong Current letting to the N. W.' 

* 

I have before hinted. That in all places where the 
Trade blows^, we find a Cunent letting with the 
Wind, which is not fo perceptible in the wide Sea as 
nearer the Shores ^ yet even there the force of the 
Winds conftantly blowing one way, may and pro- 
bably does move the lurfece of the Water along 
with it. 

Fyom hence it may be inferred, that the Southerly 
Winds on the Coaft of Africa^ and the tru§ Trads 
between it and Brazil^ gently move the furfece of 
the Sea with it, and the Trade being ipoftly at 
S. E. drives the Sea to the Northward, ffeinting iii 
on the Coaft of Brazil ^ which, beuig there ftop'd 



by the Land, bends its Courle Northerly towards 
Lape Sr. Augujiine : And after it has doubled that 
great Promontory, it falls away more gently to- 
wards the Coaft of Suranam •, and ftom thence to- 
wards the Weft Indies. For after it has doubled 
that Promontory, it has more room to fpread it.lelf^ 
and thereby becomes weaker in motion, being agi- 
tated by the Trade- winds, which to the North of 
the Lin(^, we find commonly blowing at E. N. E. 
and this ftiU bears the Sea flanting down along the 
Coaft to the Weftward. And probably 'tis for 
this Realbn, that we find the Current letting Itron-. 
gelt near thole Head-Lands before-mentioned. 
Whereas at harhadoes^ and other of the Caribee 
Iflands, we find only a foaking Current^ fuch asfeems 
to ariie only from the conitancy of the Trade- winds 
blowing there, and not from an original Current, 
from the South part of the Atlantick : which, as I 
laid before, doubles about'G//^ 5r. J[/^^/^//z?^, and 
16 Coafts along pretty nigh the fhore. 

The Currents about the Ifland Tnnidado^ and at 
Currijao and Aruha^ as alio between them :and 
Ca]^e Roman feem to indicate as much. The Cur- 
tents alfo between Qa]^e Koman^ and Cape La Vela 
indicate the lame. 

From Oijpe La Vela the Currents let ftill to the 
Weftward, lowzidiSCape Gratia de Dies :, but in a 
direO: Line, and not borrowing or flanting in to- 
wards the Ihore. For, as I faid before, it is a large 
Bay, and Currents commonly ' let from one Head- 
Land to another ^' fo that Bays have feldom any : or 
if they have, they are only Counter Currents. And 
thele Counter Currents too do fet ftom one Point 
to another, without interfering with the litde Bays 
between. And 'tis alfo very probable that thefe 
Counter Cunents, liich as w€ meet with in this Bay, 

in 



in their Sealbns, after thejr have furrounded the 
Bay, and are got as far to the Eaft as Cape La Vela^ 
wheel off there, and turn about again with the 
Stream to the Weftward, like an Eddy in a River. 

From Cape Gratia de Dios the Current fets away 
N. W. towards Cape Catoch^ and fo paflcs away to 
the Northward, between Gipe Catoch on Jncatarty 
and Cape Antonio on Cuba. 

In the Channel between thofe two Capes, wjb 
commonly find a ftrong Cunent letting to the 
Northward : And here I have found them extra- 
ordinary ftrong. 

On the North fide of Jucatan^ as you pals into 
the Bay of Ompeachy^ you meet with a finallfoak- 
ing Current to the Weftward, even down to the bot- 
tom of the Bay of Mexico ^ but on the North fide 
of the Bay of Mexico the Current fets to the Eaft- 
ward : And 'tis probable that is the reafon, that the 
Spaniards, coming from ha Vera Cruz^ keep that 
more aboard. And 'tis as probable, that the Cur- 
rent, which lets to Leeward, on all the Coaft ftom 
Cape 5/. Agujiine to Cape Catoch^ never enters the 
Bay of Mjexico ^ but bends ftill to the Northward, 
till 'tis checked by the llorida fliore •, and then 
wheels about to the Eaft, till it cpmes nearer the 
Gulphs Mouth, and there joyning with the foakii^ 
Current that draws down on the North fides of 
Hifpaniola and Cuha^ palfes altogether with great 
ftrei^th through the Gulph of t'lorida^. which is 
the moft remarkable Gulph in the World for its 
Currents 5 becaufe it always lets very ftrong to the 
Nortli. Yet near the ftiores on each fide this Gulph, 
there are Tides, efpecially on the Florida Ihore 5 and 
Ships may pals which way they pleafe, if th^ arc 
acquainted. 

It has formerly beai accounted very dangerous to 
meet with a North in diis Gulph ^ and for that 
Realbn our Jamaica SIups to avoid them, have rather 

chofen- 



1^ Uf Mfoes ana utrrems. 

chofen to go to the Eaftward, and pais through the 
Cacufes in the Sealbn that the Norths do blow^ TTie 
Cacufes are Sands that lye ofF the N. W. end of Hi/- 
paniola. Thofi that went from FortRtyal in Jamaica 
had good realbn for this^ For if a North todk them 
at their going out, it would help them forward in 
their way, which, fliould they have been going to- 
wards the Gulph, it would obftru€t them. Then 
befides, if z North take a Ship in the Gulph, the 
Wind blowing againft the Current makes an extra- 
ordinary Sea, and fo thick tome the Waves one after 
another that a Ihip can't poflibly live in it-, yet of 
late they go through at all times of the Year, and if 
a North takes them in the Gulph, they put away 
right before the Wind & Sea,with a finall head Sail; 
yet the Current is then ais ftrong or ftronger tiian at 
otiier timies ^ and forces them back, ftem formoft 
againft both Wind and Sea : For tho' the lurface of 
the Sea is railed in Waves and driven violently with 
the Winds to the Southward, yet the Current under- 
neath runs ftill to the Northward •, neither is it any 
ftrange thing to fee two different Currents at one 
place and time, the fiiperficial Water running one 
way, and that underneath running a ouite contrary : 
For Ibmetimes at an Andior, I have leen the Cable 
carryed thus by two different Streams , the under 
part having beep doubled one wajr, and the upper 
part the contrary. But 'tis certain, in all other prts 
of the World , the Current (hifts at certain 
times of the Year ^ As in the Eafi Indies they nin 
from Eaft to Weft one part of the Year, and from 
Weft to Eaft the other part : Or. as in the Wefi: In- 
dies and Guinea^ where they fhift only near a FuU 
Moon. This is meant of parts of the Sea near any 
Coaft i yet there are ftrong Cunents- in the wide 
Oceaii alfo, ietting contrary to the Rules before- 
going : I mean aeainft theTrade ^but *tis not common. 
On the Coaft of Guinea the Current fets Eaft, 

' except 



Of Tides MdCmrems. 107 

except at or near a Full Moon •, but to the South of 
the Line from hoango^ to 25 or 30 d. the Cunent 
fets with the Wind firomS. toN.exc^t near the Full. 

To theE^ftward of the Cafe of GoodHope^ from 
30 d. South, to 24 d. South, me Currents from May 
till OS. fet RN^ and the Winds then are at W.S.W. 
or S. W. but from 03. till May^ when the Winds 
are between theE, N. E. and E. S. E the Currents run 
to the Weft. Thefe Currents are thus found from 5 
or 6 Leagues oiF the fliore to about 50. Within 5 ' 
Leagues ofFthe fhore you have the Tide, and not a 
Current-, and being paft 50 Leagues oflF (bore, the 
Cunent either cealeth quite or is imperceptible. 

On the Coaft of J;7^/^,North' of the Line, the Cur- 
rent fets with the Monfoon, but does not (hift al- 
together ib foon,fbmetimes not by 3 Weeks or more, 
and then never mifts again till after the Moonibon 
is fettled in the contrary way. As for Example, the 
Weft Monfoon fets in the middle of April^ but the 
Current does not ftiift till the beginning oiM^ : So 
when the Eaft Monfoon fets in about the middle of 
September^thQ Current does not Ihift till OQober. 

In the South Seas on the Coaft of feru^ the Cur- 
rent fets from South to North, even from 30 d. to 
the. Line, and to 3 or 4 d. North of it. 

At the Gallapagos ijlands we found a fbaking Cur- 
rent, not very ftroi^, but fo ftrong that a fhip could 
get very little by turning ^ and 'tis probable that 
nearer the Main, they are ftronger becaufe of die 
cpnftant Southerly Winds. 
, The moft remarkable Places for , Currents in the 
South Seas •, are, Cape 5/. Yrancis^ CsLpt PaJfao^Cz^ 
St. Laurence and Cape Blanco. This laft has com- 
monly veiy flrong Currents fettmg to the N. lY- 
which hinders (hips mightily ^ and tne more becaufe 
it is a yeiy windy place ^ fb that many times fhips . 
are not able ta carry their Top-fails ^ and then it is 
but bad plying to Wind- ward againft a Current I 

had 



had not ib much Experience of the Modcan Goaft, 
becaufe we commonly kept within the Verge of the 
Udes. But on the Coaft of Guatamda^ in the Lat. 
of 12 d. 50 m. and 13 d. we had aCurrent letting 
S. W. and it is probable that here alfo the Cunent 
fets with the Winds. For, as it is before noted, the 
Currents on allCoafts fets as the coafthigTrade does. 

And thus have I finiflied what my own Experience, 
. or Relations ftom my Friends, have furnimed me 
with on this ufeful SubjeO: , of Winds^ Tides^ Cur- 
rents^ &c, which I humbly offer, not as a compleat 
and perfect Account, but as a rude and imperfefl: 
Beginning or Specimen of what may better he done 
by abler Hands hereafter^ And I hope this may be 
ufeful fo fer as to give a few hints to direftthe more 
accurate Obfervations of others. 



Toe foUming Paper ^eontamng d/h^rt Defcriptien of apart flf Africk 
that k not weU l^own to Kuropeam, / tlhitgbt would not be mtac" 
ceptahle to the cumm Reader. I have tbertfore annexed ity. as I 
received it from my ingenmf Friend Copt, Rogers, vfby is la telj 
gone to that Place : and hath heen there Jkveral times hefore. 

THE Country of ZiT^f^/ takes up s6out ; d. and half of Lat. 
from N. to S. lyingbetwccntticlic. of 5^ d. 30 m. Sooth 
and 28 S. Tis boundcid on the S. by a Counts inhabited by a 
foKiU Nation of Savage People, called by our Euglifh WiU-inflf 
Afen 9 that live in Caves and in holes of Rocks» and have no 
other Houfes, but f^ich as are formed by Nature 5 They att of a 
low ftature, tauny coloured, with crifpcd Hair -, They arc accoun* 
ted Tcry cruel to their Enemies. Their Weapons arc Bows and 
poifooed Arrows^Thefe People haare for their Neigh bones on the 
S. the fi^ttantots. DeUagoa isa Navigable Rwer in Lat. iS •S.that 
bounds l^atal on the N. The lohabitaats of this River have a 
Commerce with the Portugfiefe o( Mis^ambique^ who 6ft vifit them 
in final! Barks, and trade there for Elephants Teeth j of which 
they have great plenty. Some Engltih too have lately bec» there 
to purcbafe Teeth* particularly Cipt. PrtMi, i^ mentiQOed in 
my former VoIume^Ch. ij^ P. $ ro« who after be bad been in the. 

' River 



Rirer of DelU^y and pnrchafed 8. or lo Tun of Teeth, loft his 
Ship on a Rock near Madagafcar. The Country of Na$al lies 
open to the Indian Sea on the £aft, hut how far back it riins to 
tlit Weftwardis^otyetknown* 

That part of the Country which nrefpefts the Sea is plaiii 
Champion and Woodyvbut within Land it appears more uneven, 
by Rcafon of many Hills which rife in unequal Heights above, 
each other. Yet is it interlaced wi^ pleafant Vatieys antf 
large Plaifrs, aiid 'tis checker'd with NaturalGroves and Savan* 
nahSv Neither is there any want of Water j for every HtU af- 
fords little Brooks, which glide down fevcral ways; fomeof 
which^afterfeveralturntngs and windings, oieet by degrees and 
make up the R^ver of t^apal, which difchargethit feU into 
the Eaft Indian Ocean in the lat. of 90 d. South. There it-opens 
pretty wide, and is deqp enough for fmall Veirels* Bat at the 
Month of the River is a Bar which has not abote 10 or 11 foot 
Water on it in a Spring- Tide ; Though within there is Water 
enough* This River is the principal of the Country of Natal^ 
and has been lately frequented by fome of our Englifh Ships : 
particularly by a imali VelTel that Capt. Rogers, formerly men* 
tioned, commanded. 

There are alfo other Streams and Rivers, which bend their 
Courfes Northerly, efpeciallyoneof aconfiderablebigoeisabout 
a loo Mile within Land, and which runs due North. 

The Woods arecompofedof divers forts of Trees ^ mrany 
of which are very good Timber,and fit for any ufes , they being 
tall and large. The Savannahs alfo are doathed with kindly 
thick Grafs. 

The Land- Animals of this Country are Lyons, Tigers, Ele- 
phants, BufCatoes, BuHodn, Deer, Hogs, Conies, ^c. Here are 
alfo abundance of Sea-Horfes. 

Buffaloes and Baliocks only are kept tame, but the reft are all 
wild. 

Elephants ar^ fo plenty here that they feed together in great 
Troops \ 1000 or 1500 in a Company^ Mornings and Evenings 
they are feen^ grazing in the Savannahs, but in the heat of the 
day, rhey retircinf»the Woods , and they are very peaceable 
if not moleded. 

Deer are very numerous here alfo. They feed quietly in the 
Siavtinaahs among the tame Cattle, for they arc feidom diftur^ 
bed by the Natives. 

Here are Pbwh of dtversfoirts, fbme fiich as^ we iiave in Eng- 
land^ «r\. Duck and Teal, both tame and wild; ^nd plenty of 
Cocks and Hens. Bciides abundance of will Birds, wholly un- 
known to us. 

Here area fort of largeFowlsasbigasaPepcock, which have 

many fine coiouredFeathers. They are very fare and (hy. 

There 



iTQ. u^ Natal M Aincff. 

There are others like Curlews,but bigger. The flefli of the& 
is black, yet fweet and wholefom Meat. 

The Sea and Riyers alfo do abound in Fifli of divers forts i 
yd the Natives do but feldom endeavour to take any, except 
Tortoifcs 'j and that is chiefly when they come afhore ia the 
Night, to lay their Eggs. Though they Have alfo another very 
odd way, which they fomctimes make ufe of to catch- Turtle or 
Tortoi&s.They take a living fucking Fiih or RemorayZtid faftning 
a couple of firings to it, (one at the head and the other at the 
tail.)they let the fucking Fifli down into t^Water on theTurtle 
Ground, among thehalf-grownor young Turtle: and when 
they find that the FiOi ha!th faftned himfelf to the back of a 
Turtle, as he will foondo, they then draw him and the Turtle 
up together. This way of Fifhing (as I have heard) isalfoufed 
at MtuUgafear. 

The Natives of this Country are but of a middle Stature, yet 
have very good Limbs : The Colour of their Skins is black : 
their Haircrifped : tiliey are oval vifiiged : their Nofes neither 
flat nor high,bat very well proportioned : their Teeth are white, 
and their Afpeft is altogether graceful 

They are nimble PeopTe, but very lazy .* which probably is for 
want of Commerce. Their chief Employment is Husbandrv.' 
They have a great many Bulls and Cows, which theycareftdfy 
look after J for every Manknows his own, though they run 
all promifucottfly tc^ether in their Savannahs \ yet thci have 
Pens near their own Houfes, where they make them gentle, and 
bring them to the PaiL They aifo plant Corn ' and fence in 
their Fields to keep out all Cattle as well tame as wild. They 
have Guiina Cwn^ which is their Bread % and a fmall fort of 
Grain no bigger than Muftard-fecd, with which they make their 
drink. 

Here are no Arts nor Trades profeis'd among them, but 
every one makes for himfelf fuch neceflaries, as Need or Or- 
nament requires, the Men keeping to their Employment and 
the Women to theirs. 

The Men build Houfes, Hunt, Plant, and do what is to be 
done abroad. And the Women milk the Cows, drefs the Viftu* 
als, e^c. and manage all Matters within Doors* Their Houies 
are not great nor richly fumifhed \ but they are made clofe 
and well thatched, that neither Winds nor Weather can hurt 
them. 

They wear but few Cloaths and thofe extraordinary mean* 
The Men go in a manner naked, their common Garb beinsonly 
a fquare piece of Qoath made with Silk Grab or A»bo Am< and 
wrought in form of a ihort Apron. At the uppercorners it 
has twoftrajpsto tye round their Waftes; and the lower end 
being finely fringed with the fame» hangs down to their Kneeu 

They 



They hare Caps made with Beef Tallow of about p or lo 
Inches high. They arc a great while a makiog thefe Caps : for 
the Tallow muft be made very pure, before 'tis fit for this ufe, 
Befides they lay on but a little at a time and mixt it finely 
among the Hair 5 and foitne^er afterwards comes off their heads. 
When they go a Hunting, which is but feldom, fjhey pare off 5 
or 4 Inches from the top of it, that fo it may fit the fnuggcr, 
but the next day they begin to build it up again z, and fo they 
everyday till'tis of a decent and faihionable height. 

It would be a mod ridiculous thing for a Man here to be feen 
without a Tallow Cap. But Boys arc not fuifered to wear any, 
till they come to Maturity ; and then they begin to build upon 
their Heads. The Women have only fhort Petticoates which 
reach from the VVafte to the Knee. When it Rains they cover 
their Bodies with afimpte Cows-hide, thrown over their Shoul- 
ders like a Blanket. 

The common Subfiftencc of thefe People is Bread made of 
Cfjrfifftf Corn, Beef, Fifli, Milk, Ducks, Hens, Eggs,^c, They 
alfo drink Milk often to quench their Thirft : and this fome- 
times when it isfweet, but commonly they let it be fower 
firft. . 

Befides Milk, which is the common Drink, they make a bet- 
ter fort of the fame Grain before- mentioned, purpofely to be 
merry with. And when they meet on fuck occafions, the Men 
make themfelves extraordinary fine, with Feathers iluck ioto 
their Caps very thick. They make ufe of the long Feathers of 
Cocks Tails, and none elfe. 

Befides thefe Head Ornaments they wear a piece of Cow-hide^ 
made like a Tail, and *tis failned behind them as a Tail, reach- 
ing from their VVafte to the Ground. This piece of Hide is 
about 6 Inches broad, and each fide of it is adorned with 
little Iron Rings of their own making. 

When they are thus attired, their Heads a little intoxicated 
and the Mufick playing, they'l skip about merrily, and (hake 
their Tails to fomepurpofe; but are very innocent in their 
Mirth. 

Every Man nuy have as many Wives ashecanpurchafeand 
maintain .• And without buying here are none to be had s 
neither is there any other Conunodity to be bought or fold but 
Women. * • 

Yonng Virgins are difpofcd of by their Fathers, Brothers or 
neareft Male Relations. The price is according to the Beauty 
of the Damfcl. 

They have no Money in this Country, but give Cows in ex- 
change for Wives: And therefore he is the richeft Man that 
has moft Daughters or Sifters 9 fortobefure he will get Cat- 
tle enough. 

They 



iix uj nuuu %n 

Tbcy make merry when they take their Wives s twc Ae 
Bride cries all her Wedding-day. They live together in fxnall 
Villages, and the oldeft Man governs the reft % for all that live 
together in one Village are si kin, and therefore willingly fubmit 
to his Govemoent. 

They are very ioft and extraordinary civil to Strangers \ 
This was remarkably experienced by two Eoglifli Seamen that 
lived among them 5 Years*^; their Ship was caftawayon tke 
Coaft, andthe red of their Conforts marched to the River of 
Deloiod'j but they ftayed here till Captain Rogers accidentally 
came hither and took them away with him: They had gained 
the Language of the Country : And the Natives freely gave 
them Wives and Cows too.. They were beloired by all the Peo- 
ple 5 and fo much reverenced that their Words were taken 
as Laws. And when they came aw^y, many of the Boys cry<d 
^aufe they would not take them wkh them. 



J I. ■■ 



FINIS. 



. I 



mmMU 



,:k.„ I u 



, ' A ■ 

General INDEX 

. . To both Volumes of 

DAMPIER'S rOTAGES, 



Notc^ that in msh^x the^leveral Parts of thd 

Work are thiis diftinguifli'd, 
O. refers to Voyage round the World:, or Vol L 
S, to the Supplement of thQ Visage round the World % 
. or Vol. n Part I- ' 

C to the Campeachy Voayges^ or Vol. 11. Part 2* 
W. to the Diicourle of the Winds^l^c or VoLlLPartj* 
Any Figure that has not one of thefe Capital Letters 

immediately prefixed, is to be taken as referrmg to 

rfut which goes neareft before it 
J. fignifies Defcribes^ wjiether wholly, or in part 

Mote ilfo, Tbt the Sheet K. Vol. II. Part i. haring f^veral 
. Pages £ilfemark'd, the Reader isdciired to correft them ^ the 
index referring not to the £ilfe figure^ but ihofe which on£;hf 
to hare been there. 

■ A. ■ . • 

« 

ACapHtcOf its remarkable Land d.0.i4^tht t. (ort and 
Caftle d. 244,5, 7. its Trade and Courfeof it, C I25« 

©.244.<,^. »77- . ^ 

AcapulcO'Shlpi its Coiirfe, O. 241$, tf.2<;^. 2^0. 283. 296,. x«' 

i$u 387, 8,9. and why, 280. aim*dat by the PriTateers,j»44« 

^5$> 1' 3^9* hut roift, 260. 20g. 384. like to be loft on a 5hole^ 

y>i. 384. taken by Cofi/endip, 260* 

Accomptants, bad and good, S. 137* 

Achar\ Pickles, whatand where, O. 2ji. S. ligi 

AcUrij Kingdom, d, 5. 120, &c. its Rains andFloods^ iA^^f* 

and Winds, w; 39* tUc Road, and Iflands, and Channellying off 

it| S. 121, 2.3, O. 475. the Soil and YegetaUes2S.i23. i^i^ 



Kyenetai maex. 

Tsi. 0.392. Animals. S. i27»8. O.^ar. Mal^nn tnfaabi- 

taats, d.S. 128,9. their features, habit, &c. ib. Arts aad 

JTradcs, 130, i. Proe's, 0.47$ ; and Coire-Cables, 295, their 

Coins, Sums and Weights, S. 131, 3. Mahometan Learning and 

*Eeligion, 0-490. 343. S, 137, 8. 148. i8o. Laws and Punilh- 

ments, 138, 9. 140. Government by a Qjieen aad Oromkffs^ 141. 

her Elcftion,i42,3.a War upon it;i43,4,5,8. the Ormk/^ hare 

have the real power, S. 141,2,3. the Commons moil Slaves, 

and how, 141. City of AcUn, and Buildings, 129. Merchant- 

ftrangcrs there, 129, 132, 4, $,6. 146. (riR^Mr^i^' Brokers, 135. 

Stammers. O. $04. China Camp, Chinefi aod their Trade there, 

S. 13!$, 7, 8. 0.420. Price of Nutmegs there, S*i$2« Plenty 

of Gold, O. 510. 152. and Gold Mines, d^ S. 133,4* 

f. £ Acofias Imprifonment, and why, C. p6, 7. 
. Adds,Tools, where us'd, 0.332* & 181. 

^thiopic\Sc7iy whatfocall'dby theA} Prcf.Vol. 2. See.jl^^ 
faflflci^, Indian. / • 

Africa^ its Coafting-Trade-W. W.12. 13* 15. 16. ip. 20. 103 
not fo broad a coi^rfe as the Permnanj and why ? 78,7^* its 
Breezes (S. and L.) W. 24 29. $o,&c. it§ Weft Coaft where 
and when Dry, 78, 9. 83. Tides on its Eaft Coaft, ^^. and Cot* 
rents, 107. and Ambergricfe, O.74. and Seals, 90.^ Stt An^^ 
C. Blanco^ Guinea^ R. Sberboro^ C* Verd.- Hamatans. Hi^^po* 
tatnps. 

u4^«4/4-wood, what and whence, S. 8* 

Ague, the A. taken with one,0, 2$$. whiere frequent, 334. 

Air good, where and when, O. ^3«ie3. 18^.218.297. 321. 
$42, 4, 8. S 31. bad, where and when, 0.1^3. i8d«22i.a97« 
t« S. 180. bad where there are Gold Mines, O. i$3, I95« Sid- 
phureoMs,when,i^i. Sick m^n die coming fron^ Sea toLtot* 
Air» 113. 

Albicore,Fiih, where, W. 5$. 

Alcrane's^ Ifland, d. their Buflies, Rats, and Birds, G 24, 5, 4. 
4$. Seals, 0.90. 

Alforee's, MindanialiSi d. O. 3:2$. their Wars, 325. 337. 444; 

Algatrane, a fort of Tar, i. O. 134. 

Algatrofs, a Bird, where, O. $31. 

Algatrojs^ a Rock, d. O. 242. 

Alligator, rf.C. 33. 74, $, d, 7, 8. 81,. 2. where found,7$,^. 
O. 255. their flelh and Eggs musky, C 75. yet eaten, 2^.0.274, 
bat feldom, r*. 7$. their Mu^k- Cods, ib. good for Propfies,0.255« 
Dogs coveted by them, and fearful of them, C. 16. an Iriih nvin 
indanger'd by one, 77. ( fee Datnpier alfo ) the Campeacby. ones 
lefs fierce than fomc are faid to be, 82* and in general than the 
Crocodile, y6. how they and the Crocodile di^er, 75, 6* 
* Almanack of Afipxi^i a Receipt in ii, 0« 2 $5* ^Tm^An and 



uenermimfx. ^ —— 

Almond^milk, where us'd, S. 148. 

Alns of MijJSonarks make and keep up their Profelites, S. 95. 

Ligfium Aloes J wheqce, S. 8. 

C. AUa Velay its Winds, W. 3$. ' 

Altars of Idols» where and what, (X 395. 412. S. 43. 

Alvarad» R, T. Fort, Fi(hcfJ7, Trade, and Commodities, J. 
Ci 49. 123,4, ^» 8. 130* takea by Privateers, 124,8. its fine 
Parrots, 128, '9* 

Amapalla Galph,^/. O. 121,2,4, $,3. its Tides, W.95. To^vns, 
O. 122, 3, d. 

Amapaia^]. d. O. 122,4, $9^« 

Ambergriefe, where found, O. 72, 3, 4, 477. where a pro- 
fitable Trade to be driven for it^ 480, i. a large piece of it, d. 
73i 4. found above High-watermark, ib. and with Beetles in it, 
ibi Counterfeit, where and what, 72,3.477. W. $4. 

ilwerfcif, its Breezes, W. 3$. and iava-aihs, O. 87. its di- 
ftance from Afta reckon'd too great, 288. fiom Africa too little, 
289. Plantains, h<^wefteem'd there, and where found, 313, 4, 5. 
Plantains and Bouano's us'd there as Bread, S. 23. Blood-wood 
;wd Stock wood, its natural growth, C. 57. Tobacco of the Phi- 
lippines ipcobzhly from thence, 0. 333. its Savages lefs fo than 
reported, 485. defirous of Trade, S. 116. paint themfelves, 
O. $37. and wear skins naftily, 539. ic6 At/anfkkScsL^ South Sea, 

North 4merfM, Seals t4ierc, O. 90. a<id where none, ib, fee 
Califvrnia^ lic^^England^ Wcfi-Indies^ lUhnw^^ Mexico l^ir^inia* 

^outh America^ its Weft Courfi^ generally rocky, 0. 90. its 
Fifli and Seals, i3. itsRock*'fiil^;9i. aad Swappers, ib. itsCoafi;. 
ing Trade-wind broader than the 4/ric4n in the fame Latitude, 
and why, W. 78,9. where the Coaft makips like that of Guinea^ 
and what the cifcfts of it, 80, i. Blooms or hot BIjOs thence, 
O. 529. fee Ande'sy Bras(tl^ Chilly T. del Fuei^y ^^^ Indies ^ Peru. 

Amsf {AnhayYia C6iiM, its Trade great, 0.417. andfree,4i8. 

Anatta (Otta) a Oye, vheice and what, O. 226, 7. C. 7- 1 13. 
bow us'd by iitdf^4iii',f5. more valuable than /n<^2(;o,0. 227,8. price 
of it, 227, ao advantage in it flipt, 227, 8. 

Anchorings, where and what, O. 45, 8.- $5,7. 77, 8. 8r, 
4.91,^- ioo,9« lie, 3, 9. 12$, 8. 132,3,4,5. 144,59^)9* 

151.2. 153,4,9. 172,3, $,7>8. i88. 195,8,9. 202,4,7,8, 

212.3. 232,3.8,9. 242,7,8,9. 250,4,7,9. 252,5,7- 275» 
5,7- 291. 309. 345, 7»3' ?78, 9. 382, 4, 5, 9. 399/ 401,5* 
417- 421,2,3,4, 5. 435. 448.454,8. 453. 475, 8. 5.4,9.10. 
I2.I3. 123. 154, 7, 9. 171,4* C. i5. i8. 19. 23,v5,9. 30,2. 
44,5. 50, I. loi. ii8. 125. W. 24. 34. 55. good on Shoal 
Coafts, O. 422, 3, 4, $. bad on bold Coafts, or where CUSs an4 
Bocks, f^. Sec, Harbours, Roads. 

Anchovy, a pickled Fi(h like it, where, S. 27. 
Aidfmaits^ Ifl^ds^ 0« 475. j 



*ji 



\3eneral maex. 

Andes ^ M«. of ChilU ^eru (Sierra Nuveada des Andes ^ the 
higheA in the world, O. 94, 5. caufc deep Se«'s, 423. and the 
greatefl breach in the True General Trade-w. W.78, 9b and 
catch the Rains, 83. 

St. Andieas^], itsCedars^ 0« 29* noprovifion there^ 31. 

VoitAngelSy d, O. 239. 

Angola^ itsCoaft, d, W. 27. and Winds, 12. 13. 14. 3S. $9. 
fucking-fiih there, $4, 

Anhay^ fee Amoy. 

AQimals, lee Beafls, Birds, Fi(h,Infefts. 

St. Anns in dampeachyy C 1 20. 
C. St. i4nniin (ji/w^ii, its Winds, W. id. 38. Coaft, 8. 

Annif^cd, where, S. 6. a Berry call'd fo by the Dutch^ ^3.' 
who deep it in their Arack, 64. 

Ants of feverai forts, d. their Nefts, Travelling, Labour, Oe- 
conoiTty, &c. C.60, 1,4, 5. Ants-£ggs, where and why e- 
ftcem*d, ib. 

White Ants, or Wood- Lice, where, S. 127. 

Ant-Bei»rs, /. C. $9, 60, i. 
r j^nte^ or Mountain-^Cow^ where found, and d.C* I02, 3, 4. 

^;:rf^oharrafs'dby the C^ri^^er Indians, C* ^« its Currents, 
Vv, loi, 105, a Hurriane there, d. 68, 9, 72. another^ 70. 

AnPhropopbagi or Mah*£^ters, fee Canibals. 

C. Antonioin Cuha^ C.9. 28, 9, its Currents, W. 101, 5. 

Anvil, what us'd inftead of it, 0. 332* 

Apples, where, O. 532. 

Pine- Applef, fruit, fee Pine. 

'Arabic!^ where us'd in prayers, &•• O. 3^1. and ftudicd, 

5-I37* 

Aracnn^ China Earthen ware a Commodity there, S. 53* 

4rack, what and where, 0.^1.420. s, 53. 78. 167. drank 
with Hens blood, 83. aDruglii^ Annifi^infus'dinit, 4^3, 4.and , 
Snakes and Scorpions, 16 j. 

Arek-tree and Mut (mifcaird Betle) d. O. 318,9. where and 
bow us'd, 311,8, p. 328. 33d. 35$, 9. 457* S.54- 

fanuAyena^ 0. 149. ' x 

Arica Bay^ Calms, YV. 14. Arica Tpwn,, a ih^^iy« v. 

PuloAriiy d. 5.158,9. 

Arms, SiJverHoops worn on them, where, Ot 365. 

Arms keptneat, S^ 70, i. fee Weapons. 

Armour of iBuffalo's hide, h/. 0. 432. 
'Armada (5/>4«i/Z^) its Arrival at Por^o^e^' Q. I7i>9f 180. 4tsi ge- 
neral Courfe, 179. i8oj4,§. 

Armadillo (animal) iif. C 59* ^1^2. 

Arrows headed witji^ Flint, 0. 85, 6. poifon'd, YV. loil 

^it of IndianSi fee Indiottf. 

fixis Liberal, what and where Audied; & 59> 6^) . 
Is^np-Mcchi^ok, fcc :. Artificers; 



Qencminaix. 

Artificer$,0. 531, 2. 5. (5o, &p. 135^181. - 

Amhuy J. rf. O. 47. its Currenrs , YV. loi, 4. water there 
breeding worms in th^ body, C. 90. 

^fcention, J. deep Sea about it, 9. 393. laying and brecdina 
place for Turtle, 107. 393, VV. 4, 5, but no food for them 
there, 0. 393. 

jifi, J. (yacca) a Ship like to be loft there, O. Intr. II. 

Afia^ reckoned too broad, and toofarro the Eaft, O. 288, • 
fee Clmay Indies (ls:sAyFerfia. ^* 

Affcs,wherc, O, 74. fee Mules, Affcs Skins how grained in 
Turkey, C. 7. Wild Afs finely ftripd, O. 533. 

AtUntkk Sea, what fo call'd by the a: fee Vol. 2. Preface* 
reckoned too broad, 0,28^. its True Trade-winds, VV. 3, 5, n- 
O* S49> 5$o- Calrtps and Tornado's on the Eaft fide of it, VV. 6* 
and near the Line, 85. where lea(t, and what winds at tfhc Line, 
and why, 7,8. Shy Turtle, O.449. 

Aves^ I. d. 0.49, $d. D'£/?rej' (hipwreck there, ih. 

est. AHguftin of EraxjU why hard to double, VV. 9. 163, 455, 

C 5^ AHgufHn of Florida^ its Pearl-Oyfters, 0. 173. 

CsSt.Augujtinoi MAdagafc4tr^t\icCygncPi\xvkt\ict^y O. 51K 
/ Avogato-pear, d, 0, 203. 

Terra Auftralh^ incognita^ Difcoveries how to be made there, 
Q.3SI, 2. an Iflandof it (as fuppos*d) fecn by Ciptain Davk^ 
ib. fccl^. Holiand. 

The Anthor, fee Dampier* * 

Axesj what and where us'd, 0. 332. much yalu'd by Indians, 
0.483,5. €.41.119. fee Hatchet. 

Ajinam^ I. its Situation, S. 8. 20, i. and Fearl-O) fliers, 0. 178. 
the CAfne/e Inhabitants and theii; Jonks, S. B^^. 
,A:ijmHtb'Com]^tksymoiiu%'dhyEngliJhfO.$ii^ . v ^ 

& • 

B^witt,fec Rock^fif|it 
Bahama L Amber^riefe there, 0*74. 
\ iS^iArfr, what, S. 132. ^ 

Ealachann^ a Pickle, rf.^S. 27, 8. 30. 
Jfalderat^ fee Valderm* ^ 
Baldivia, O,. 82, >9f . 

Bamboe's, and Holloa Bamboes, wh^reand hownsM, O. i^. 
299. 326, 5, 6. 3^7. 398. 480. 490. S. 71, 9* . i8o. timbo-Acbar 
or Pickle, 0. 391. Bamboingy vrbfiti S* 8o. BamffOy ^ Meafure fo 
calMy S* 135, > 
A<8c^, a wei^t, S. 132. 

Bancalk^ itsPepped-^trade, S. 182. aw'dby the Viacb^ m, 
4,5,7,8. • V^ 



Kjenerai maex. 

tdfiia I. its Nutmegs, 0. 447. Cloves Bear it, 317. 

Bandifti^ maim'd, and arch, S. 138,9. 

Bang (Ganga) intoxicating, S. ijd. 

North Ban^ (« Cloud) fee North. 

Filhing-Banks, C21, 2. ofOyfters, 17. 28. 

Sand- Bank, h\gh^d. C 129,4. 

Banks about Villages, where, S. 44. 

BanPafft^ its B^ecrcs, VV. 59. and Pepper, whence, 8. 182. 
Fwfex there, what, 132. Theft how puaifli'd, 139. reverence 
done to the King, 142, 3* 

Bm or BoHtaiiy Kingdom, where, S. 6u its Cdmmodtties and 
IVade, 54, 

Barbadoes ravaged by CaribbelnJms^ O. 485. C* 5. Courfe 
thither froui JammOi VV. 40. from Qtdnea^ 10; S3« its Currents, 
100,4. 

Barbecu^ what and where, 0. 20. S. 90. C. 12. 80. 

' SanSa Birbara^ Hifbour, O 45. 

Bark-Logs for Filhing, 0.134. rf. 141, 3, $. 153,4. for car- 
l^ing goods, d. 141, 2. whe^e us'd, ib, and for what, 143. 214. 
for iingle mcn,and where us'd)i43.i89.^.W.3B. fee Catamarans* 

Barks, fee Shipping. 

Bark for Tanning, O. $4. 

BaYlavcnta-^Xtci^ irs progrefs, d. C. i25,5. inefitftaaI,S. 117 , 

Barly atthe C. of GxxlrHopc, O. $32. 

Baflite-Dtivk^ O.422. ^.431, 4, $. 

Ba/heej or the Vive Iflands, O. 38$. i. 420, r,2, 5, 5. 451, 6^ 
itsProdttft, 425,7,8,9. 430,4 5,5. HDufes andT. on Preci- 
pices, 428, 9. Baats, 429. lahioitants, their Habit, 427. Food, 
42(5, 9. 430, 3. E iiployments, 429, 433. Trade,Goveraraent,&c. 
431,2,4,5,5, 7. Oeconomicks and Manners, 432,3,4. fee Bid-* 
Uwan.^ctQoAth Graff n I. Monmouth I. Orange h and 

Bafhee I. properly fo call'd, i.O^ 385.422, 5» 8. 431, 5. 

Baskets of F4//it^r«, O. 150. * 

Baflinadobg, what aad where, 0.3^7. fecBamboing, Pu- 
ni/hments. ' • ^ 

Bataviay'it% Trade,&c^O. 317. 44$. S. 12.^3. Courfe ioMit^ 
laccay 109. 

Bathing in Rivers, where much usM, and why,0. 330. S. 149. 

Bats, great, (/. and where found, O. 321.^81. 

I. of BatSy d. O. 3^0, t, 2. 

Bat/ha^ its Pilots, $.11.29. 

C. Bayedore^ its Winds, VV. 15. 
. Bay's, how caus'd, Q. 422, 3,4, $. have j^noft Raio, W. 78. 
'80,1,2,3. andrtcat, S. 32. Sea-Brcjzes f ctrccthcrc,iKVV.28. 
^38i butg5>odLandBr. 34.fcldorfi nybiit(53oufltcr-CttrrcjrtSjro4. 

Beacotis fet on Shoals, 0. 450, ^ * 

Beads valu'd by Indians^ CUl?>2^j^fi^ ^. :t^» 



i ■ - - - :c^-^p-T^^r::-.^ ^ 




Ant-Bcars^ fee Ant. 

Beards of the Chine fe^ 0. 407. where none, 454. of Tortoiflp- 
ftell, 32. • 

Beads, where none, 0. 31. none of prey, 520. track of one 
at N, Nbllund^ 453. in the Woods of Ntcobar^ 4^.^ Veneniou* 
one like a Guano, 321. 392* fee Alligators, d. Ante (Mountain- 
Cow,) d. Ant'Bczts^ d. Armadillo's, d. Beeves, Buffalo's, Cats, 
Conies, Crocodiles, d. Deer, Dogs, Elephants, Goats, Guano^ 
d. Nippopbtamus ( River-horfe, or Sea-horfe) . d. Hop, Hoifes, 
Jaccals, Lions, Lteards, Mice, Monkies, Pecary, Porcupines, 
foffums (O-poffum) Racoons (Indian Conies) Rats, Sheep, 
Sloths, rf- Squafhc^ rf. Squirrels, Tigers, Tiger-Cats, d. Land-Tor- 
toife, d. VVarree. Bearer-hats, old, a Commodity, C. 1 20. 

Beef, how cut and ordered, CSu S. 30. Irifhy aCommodityt 
0. 48. fee Beeves. 

Bees, a large andfmall fort, d. C* iia. their Honey and Trun^- 
hives, f5- fceH6ney,VVax. 
. Beetles found in Ambergricfe, O.yg. 

Beeves, in the VY. Jiirf/Vj',whence,C.p&.'impatientof thirft,77, 
where, 0.44, ^,8. ^2.75. 115. 1243^ 8. 157, 175. 18^. 211,8. 
221, 3, 239. 240, 250, 8, 9. 2do,4, $y 9. 320. 354, 9. 378, 9- 
382,7. 405.419.540,5. S.2$. 30. 127. 163. ^8i. W. 34.froelt 
QfF at Sea,i5. bad where, S. 31. eaten raw, 30. (ing'd like Hogs, 
lb. Hides how drcft, C 88. Becve-hunting, • d. C» 81, 3,4, 5, 5; 
in aCanoa, 8i. dangerous, ^^. 120. fee flockiing. 

Beef'L d. C. 50, i, 3. 77. 88. 92 to loi. 126. VV* 34. 57. fu- 
gitive /nAiw there, d. C. 94, $,5. 

J^cggiag people, O. 327, 8. 358, 9. 365, 9. 370. 433. S. 13. 

BelU, where made, S* 5o.ioi. Mufical, Aruck upon, 0.342. 
with claws, worfliipt, 411,2. 

Bellows, a particular fort, d, O. 332.429. 

Benches for Rowing, nioveablc, 0. 480, 1. 

Bencokli^ rf.S. 179, &c. fickly, i 12, 186. bad Water, 0.524. 
yet a good jipring tiiere, 525. ?rod\i& zndl^ztWc Malayans* 
S. i8o,i. Idolatrous Sacrifice there, 0. 397, S. 59* The Fort, 
rf. S. 180,3. iU govcrrfd. 0. 518. 510. 520. 5. 183,4. the A. 
Gunner of it, O. 512. 518. S* 1834 it^ Trade, O. 420. S. 53* 
xro, 1. 182. 

Bengal Bay^ low Shores, 0.425- its Winds, S. 179- VV,2o,r. 
Commodifies, S. 145. i?3. Butter, d. 145. a Venemous Bcaft 
there, 0.321. 

Be;^<i/-Channel by ^cW«, S. 122. 

Eermudat^ 1. dangerpus Coafts, 0.405. Cedars, 29. Palmeto- 
works^ 150. Ambcr^riefe, 74. 

Berries us'd in Drink, £ee Arack, Bafhee-Drink. 

Betle^trtc a leaf, d. (mifcall'd Arck) O. 319. S. 2 a. how us'd, 

54- whence, 8.2$«blackstheTceth,i28. fee Arek.thinam. 

Bill- 



Bill birds, d. C.6$,^. 

Bir/ds(and Fovrl8)whcre noncA 51. 282. many or tcvi as thcr^ 
is Grain,-426. at5ca,a fignof Landncar,a82,53i.kiird by afiurri- 
canc,VV,7 1. fnaalljof fcvcral forts, O.321405- 426S.26.fec A^ga- 
trofs, d. Bats, large, d. BilJ-birds, d. Black finall Birds, rfTBIacfe. 
birds, or chattering Crows, d. Boobies, d. Cockrecoo's, Cormo* 
tants, d. Corrofo's, d. Crab-catchers, d. Or6ckadores,if. Oirrioa- 
Cro\vs,</. Curlews, i. Ducks, VVild-Duck add Mallard, 1^ Egg- 
birds, d. Fifhing Hawks, d. Flamingoes, d. Gecfe, Sea-C^viZr, 
Herons, (/. Humming-birds, A Maccawes. MancfyYzi'hird, d. 
Mango-Yolucres,rf. 2V;«rtf/-bird,rf. No^dies,rf. Farrakites.Parrots4L 
Partridges. Pelicans,, d. Penguins, d. Poultry ( Dunghill-fowl^ 
Cocks and Hens ) d. Quams, d. Subtle^ Jacks^ d. Teal* Tro^]^ 
birds, (/. Turkies. Turtlc-Dovcs. 

Black (mall Bird, (^. O* 97« ^ 

Black-bird, a fort, caiFd Chattering-Crows, d. C. 6^^6. ' 

C. Bianco oi Africa^ its.Sands blown ofFtoSea,W. 1$. 
, ۥ BUnco of. Brazil^ its Coaft, d. V V. 80, i. Weather, ib, 
VVinds,7- Currents^, 103. 

C Blanco of Mexico^ d. O. 1 11, 2. its Popogaio^St W. 46. 

C, Blanco of FetHy lies N.of the Pacifick-Scfa^ O.i 53. </: 138,9, 
147. why hard K) double, W. 33. 40, its Tides, ^6. and Cur- 
rents, 107. 

I. Blanco^ d. O. ^7, 8. its large Greett-Turtle, ios. 

Blew Mountain in Jamaica., C- 8. 

Elewfields R'. d. 0. 33. its Manatee and Indians, lb. their ftone^ 
hatchets, ib. %$. , 
. Blewfields in^ammOfC. ^S.W.46. itsLance^wood^ O. ii8« 

Blood- wood, d, 0. 11$. C. 57, 8. fee Cam-wood. 

Blooms or Hot-BIafts, where, O.' 529. W. 47. 

Boats, what, where, and how.ns'a, p. 2. 292,8, 9. d, 43^. tL 
480. 492. W, 31, S. 8. 13. 14. 45, 8. none. Where, O. 464, 8« 
fee Canoa's, Oars>Proes, Tholes, Shipping. 

Bob- wood, O. 35. 

R. des Bocca\ d. C. 1 1 8, 9. 1 20. 

Bocca dclDrago^ its Manatee, 0. 3 ^T* and Savages, 48^* 

Bocca-toroy its fite, and Careening,0.38. Green Tttrtle,2& 105. 
Manatee, 33. Vindlo's, plenty, 23$, Savage, 38. 48^. 

Bodies of people, fe<^ Complexion, CoOntenance, Features, 
Hair, Limfis, Shape, Statnre. 

Bonahry (Bonajfre)l. d. its Road, People, Produft, O.48. Salt- 
pond, 49. Water breeditig Leg-worms, C. 90. how its ttuRant 
get Fire, 0. 466. 

Bonano's, a fort of Plantains, d. O. 3 id. drink made of theiiE,;^. 
wherefound, 0. 175, 183, 7. 198. 311.42(5. 546. S. 23, I24.i6}« 
181. C. 5. fee Plantains, Plantations. . 

Boneto's, Fi{h,^ere, 0.32i« 



I-[P- »— •^^ ^ 



Genera/ Index. 

Bims^s^ lleathen Priefts, O. %^6. 

Boobies, rf-O- 49. where found, $2. 97. 132. 146. (their Eggs) 
159. 282. 473, C. 23, 4, 5, 6. 45. 59. courfe food, 145. 

Boots limber, 0, 419. of Guts, and eaten, 538* 

Borneo, L a Letter from Englifli there, O. 370. 504. low An- 
choring Coafts, 42 5 . Malayan fpokcn there, 394, $• 

Boua^ or Pageant King of Tonquin, his Palace, &c. S. 48. 5(5,7,8. 

BouPan Kingdom by CMw, fee Bao. , 

Bfln^w Land Eingdom,and Cityyd. 0. 453, 4. its Produft,4$$, 
King and People, d. 454, 5, (5, 7, 8. inttavc and fell the Inlanders* 
A$6. Boy with double rows of Teeth, 457, 8. fliy Turtle, 453 
' fee CalUtfufung. 

Bows and Arrows, where us'd, S. -ji. W. 108. 

Boxes, lackcr'd for Chinam^S. 54, 5. leathern for Cartages,7o, 

Bira^ly approach'din E. India WoyzgcSj O. $31. Courfe thi- 
ther, W. 9. its Winds, 13. i8. 19. 24. Coaft and Weaaher, d. 
80, 1. Currents, 103. fee C, St Auguflin. C* Blanc: 

Bread, fine Cikes of it, 0. 418, 9. Plantains ,&c.where us'd as 
. bread, 0.1 2. where not, S. 23. none of any fort, where,0.454,8, 
fee Corn, Fruits, Roots : fee Melory, Sago, and 

?read-lruit and tree,i. where, stnd how made, 0. 296, 7. 

Breeches, where and what, O. 325.4o8. 419.455. S. 129* 
p. 114. 

Breezes, fiee among Winds^ 

Brenies, where, O. 321. 

Brewers ftreights, a.S. 109, iio. / 

Bricks dried in the Sun, 0. 139. 140/Brick, where us'd, /& 
^11. S, 45,8, 

Broken of Guxftrati A134, 5, 7. 

Brooms of Pahneto Leave^ 0. 150.* 

Buccaniersy fee Priyateers. 

Hifi. of Bircciiwi^ri refer'd to,0. Intr. IIL Vf. 60. 252. 272. 

Bt^adore^Hock and Sjpout,(^. 0. 232, 3. 

Buff- Jacket, a Plantain-Pudding, 0.314. 

Buffalo's, where, O. 320. 359. 36 j; 378. 387. 4o5,4io.4$8, 
S. 2 5. 30. 127,9, ^^^« draw^thc Plow and tread out Rice,0.4io>i- 
their Hides bought, 431. ^oat- Armour thereof, 432. Butter of 
their Milk, d. S. 145. 

BHigaffeSy who, S. io8« 

BuHaman, a name for Gold, where, O. 431. $13. a Metal like 
Gold, fo call'd, where and what, 425,7. 43 1, 4, 9. Mines of it425« 
and. Ear-rings, 427. 431 , 2, 9. how burniih'd, 427, 8. 439. 

Bumkins, Water-Veffels, O. ^. 

Burrs, troublefomc, where, C. 48. 

Burton-wood, rf. O. loi. where found, ib. C. 23. 48. $7.' 
pakescoodCoals^ j^. / 

Burywg, aliyc, where and why, 0. 432, fee Funeral. 



Buflics (Shrubs) C. 44-. a prickly fort, 94« fcc BurtOBr PiHo 
Otic Bi#-Kcy, rf. C 17.50, 1,2. 92* 77- Vr.^7. 
W/W-B*e/7;-nicn, a?, and where, W. 108. 
Butchers, Chinefe, zt Malacca, S. 162. 
I putter (of Buffalo's Milk and Lard, J.) S. 1^6. wherp litt|? 

irade, 0. 115- 
Buttons, prcfcntcd at 5w»f, S. 108. 

CAbbage-trec and fruit, d. O. i5$, 5, 7» ?^8. whcjfc feitnd, 
166. C. 102, 9. S. 124. 

Cabbinets (Comb5,&c0 what Tortoife-fheli us'd for them, 
Q. I c^/ fee ,Lacquer-ware. 

Cables, fee Coire ; and of Rattans. 

Cacao-tree and fruit, rf. kinds, Husbandry of it, aud wftcrc 
found, O. 5p.6p,i,2. 152. C 7- 102. 110^ 1,2, 9-Tra^cof it, 
0.64. i52.24$.C. no, p. goeafoip Money wherc,Q. 62. Cup. 
120. carriagcofit, np.i2i, 2. White-Cacao ( .%kot4 ) w^jat, 
arid where, C. 1 1 1. fee Chocoatte. 

C/ic440 City andProv. S* 19.1 5- 16.19.20. 2I.rf. 4$»&c. 57. 
^15 75,7.8(5,7, 9, 9o»^5 9- 100, u 

Cacujfes (Caycos) what and where, W. lo5. 

Caihooca, rf. C. 122. its VincUo's, 123. 0.235- 

Caimancs, both Alligators and Crocodilc^^ll'dfo, C. -JS. 

T. Caimancs, Great, rf. C. 30. its Crocodiles; i3.BrcediBg;-pfacc 
for Green Turtle, 0.107. - 

I. C«/w<j«w, Little, fl?.C. 9.30. 

Calabalhes and GourdfbcUs, tl^cir u^e, 0. 153. 293. 434. C., 
115. W.85. . . ^ . 

C4/(ferrf, Bjy,i 0.112. its diftanee ffom the 1, of ^icrfT^gw^, 
J 1 3. and Trade with it, 115. its Lanc^-wood, ii8»itsFejpo^4w>, 
W.45,7. RainsandTornado's,>83. 

Caiifarnia, not Hnown to be an Ifl^nd, 0. 272.. its W. Coaft 
only knovyn to the Spaniards, if. its Lake or Sea why purpofcly 
unknown by thcro, w. Coaft low towards Guatimala, 425. Com- 
piunication with Mexicohy Boats, 244. 264. Pearl-Filhery and 
Trade, 173. 244. 264. Trade Wind, 24$. its Indians Enemic^ to 
the Spaniards, 264. 272. a Root eaten by them, 27$. 

fallabar. Old , W. 9. 10. 14. 

fallafufung, d. 0. 454, 7, 8. fee Boj«^o», L 

CaJlico's,Chints,&c. where apd how a CommodUy, p. 245. 

533.379. 5.^1. 134- ^ ' . ^ o 

Calms, a prefagc of ftorms, 0. 41 }. 451- W. ^i, 0| 8% 9- 72. 
Calm between S. and L. Breezes, vy^ 27. 41. C. 2 !• Calms where 
and when ufual, VV. 6. 8. 9, 1 1. 14. 20, 3, $, 7* niet by the A* 
p. 2.7J. 82. 120. 135. 400. 41,3, $..448t"45it^. I54« €. 20| I. 



Xknernl lASix. 

Cambi&h Kingdom, VVomeD proftituted there, 0« ^p^. iti 
Idols, 397. Produft and Trade, 399. 400, i. S, 10$. a profitable 
one to be had there, 3. and how, 102, 3.Coaft and Point, O.399. 
Iflands lying off it, 389. 390, fee P. C»nrfore. P, Vbj. River, di 
S. io5) 6, 7* Pirates rotited thence, lb. 

Cam-chain, and Cam-quit,Oranges^ d* S. 23, 4. 

C4mf)eiicl^(C4m|^4cibf)BayaBdCctuntrey,C6;l(l,Lagtines,Riversj 
Towns,&c. rfX).87.424.C. i5, 741 to 53, $, 6,8. 79. 83,6.92,3,4. 
idi,7, 8. no, 1,7 to 122: its Bounds, 16.42. 123. VV. 32. 4. 
Soil, C. 42, $6^ 8, 9. Weather, S. 32. VT. 82. C.s$. Land-floods, 
S. 3$. C $5. 80, 1, a^9i, 2,3. 108, 9. 122. VV.67. Storms, 66,7. 
C80, 1, 2. Fifti kiirdby them, 0.524. VV. 68. Winds, i$.:?2^ 
4,5. Tides, 92. its Vegetables, O. $p. 62. loi. 123. i$2. 166. 
203. 23$. 263. C 43, 6, 8, 9. $0,6,7,8. 79. 85. 94, 5. 102. 
7, 9.1 1 1, 2, 3. feeLogwood,Mangroves,Beafts, Infcfts,44. 50, 2,3; 
ki 59 to 64. 74. to 78. 86, 4. 969 g. d. 102, 7> 9- n I to n $,8j 
121. O. 87. Beef-hunting, 8 1, &c. 97, &c< Birds, </.65oto 71^ 
114, 8, 9. Fifli, 17.44. 7^« '• 7I9 2, 3. 109. O. 33. 90. io$. 
Commodities, Manufaftures, and Trade, 0. 62. C 17, 8.42, 3,6, 
7,8. $0,1,3,4,6,7.80,8.96,7,8. no to 115,8,0.120, 1,2; 
125, d. Ship-woims, t>. 363. Carriers there, 119. 121, 2. Priva- 
teers, 43, 5) ^> 7* 50,1,3,4. make Slaves of the Indian Inhabi*' 
tants,43. Thefe infulted by the Spaniards^ 42. 113. and event 
their Negro's, 116. yetthe Villagers live comfortably jO. I24.CJ 
J 12, 3. 5. till no more Land than barely for their fubfiilcnce, 
119. mdftofthe Towns coqiift of them, iid. their food and 
drinkj 43.</. 113. Cldithing, 46. 1 14. Government, Employ-* 
ment. Marriages, Churches, Manners, 112, 3, 4, 5,6.142, 3,7. 
ice Logwood-cutters, Spaniards, (for particular pla€es)the Map^ 
C. I. 

Campeachy't. Port^ Buildings^ Trader and SpdniardsjC.12^9. 
90. 42, 3, 4. d^ 45,6. 113. taken by Privateers, 45, 6. 96* iibi 
Log-wood caird thence Pah de Can^achy^ 46, 7. 

Camphire, whence, S. 128. 

Cam-wood, for Dying Red, O.78. C. 58# 

Cdndesy L dlO. 213. 

CdMeo^ I. O. 215. 

Canes, how tts'dy S. S9. for Walkhig, wtere, 178. and hW 
growiAg»0. $8o^a Commodity,where,S. 167. i78.ijiBeBamWs« 
Rattans. 

CambtdSi v^hether any in the World? O.485. Stories of them 
refuted, ib. Inhabitants of the Ides of Canibals (Caribbe's) Trade 
with Ewnpeans^ ib. hurt done by them, but why, 485, 6. 

Canoa*s, what, where and how us'd, O. 2. 25. 515. S. 4. 1 18. 
how made^ O. 214, 5. by wild Indians^ 85. floating full of wa- 
ier, C«i2. hunting in Canoa's, where and how,G. 81. fee Boats 

inidcifith Outlayers, A 0.480,14493^1 5i<,y- fee Pro'^ 

E a 2 J toc" 



\yencrai maex. 

befl Canoa's made of Cedar, 29. few Canoa's, whcrC) ttyi 

Canton as hd. 0. 2 1 9. 

Canton, City zndlPi^r.otCbiady its gMfit Trade, 0*405,6. 
HoufeS) 4io« CAiir4- ware made of a Clay there, 409. Conrfe from 
AfaniUa thither, 405. Tea call'd there, Ckmt, 410. fte Cbma, 
St. Johns, h Macao. 

Folo Cantmy iXiChochmhinefe^ & 6. « 

RXapalita, of 0.233. 

Caffes, are drieft, YV. 78. have moil Sea-Bree|f:es,28.. aod bieak 
them, 38* hare feldom Land-Br. 33, 5» 7* 

Cape fi.th^t of C. Or atiaDht locall'd, O. 128, Fthttcengo 
up it into the 5*. Sea, 129. it CataraAs, f^. 

Caps, what and where,04i8,9. $42. i29.of TaIiow,VV.iii. 

Caraccos Coaft, its fin^lar mdce, and prodnft,ir. W, ^7. O. 
58,9. 203.423,4. its Boundary and Trade, 63,4. its Cacao 
(befl of any) d. 59 to 62. C. 112. never blighted, CX62. Fifli, 
249. Winds, W. 1 5« 37* dry and fcabby* 0. 63. Weather, Ur 
W. 82. the J34r/«ven^<i'Fket lails by it yearly, C* 126. Low 
Coad thence to SanSa Martba^ O 424^ 5* Caraccos City ud 
Countrey, </. 0. 52, 3,4. 

Careening and cleaninf^ placesfit for it^^c. O. 33,8. 4d.52,5. 
97. no. 121. 138. 147. 169. I7iy6, 249. 272, 6. 3^2. g8o. 
39$9 7« 43^*44$« 4<^P'4^i* C. 120. W. 68.97. where and why 
to be done, often, 0. 363. 

C4rf ^^e^ why caird LeMr4r^ Iflands, W«i5* Winds there, i^. 
41. Hurricanes there, nf. 65, 7 to 71. ^ Indioo there gro>ving9 O. 
227. fee Antego, Barbados ySanS a Lncia, Tabago, St* Vimant* 

Caribbt 'Indians of the Continent, their Roving at Sat^S/mifm 
Luciay &c. C. 4. $. 6. lefs Savage than thought to be, 0148 5, 6. 

Carpenters R. its Cacao, O. $9. a rich T. there, 28, 9. 

Carriers, in AmericayO. 185.249. 250. 269.1/. C.i 19. 120^1,2. 

Carrion-Crows, black, whiter and King-carrion-crows, d* & 
65, 7, 8. 82. notkili'd, v^ere and why, tb* 

Cartagena Coaft, low, 0. 424. wet,W42. its VVcfterly Winds, 
0. 44. and Breezes, VY . 40. fee Cartagena-Bttext^ its nrodnft, 
O. 203. 213, Fifh, C 13. Trade, 0.4$. Coryrfpondence with 
Lima by Land, i8oy 4. Courfe of the Armada and Barktvenia* 
FJeet there, 1 8 5. C. 1 26. A fair City,ope0 to the St9y O.41; 
, Cartagena-Uteexf^ d. VV. 44, $,6. a BM:er foindl'd, I&. 

Carving, the Chinefe curious at it, 0. 409. 

Caflj (a Coin) oiTonquin, S.6o. 131. ^ue of i^72«83« of 
Cbina^ib. oiAcbin, 131,2. 

Caftca(Caciqke)tbc chief ofan Jii^ii Vilbge^O. i24,8*Caia» 

Point C4/iviiM, «f.O; 122. 

Caffavy Root common in the W* ImSeSj C 73. 

Catamarans^ Bark-Logs, what and where, O* I4)«« 

Gatarafts, wherci 0. 129^ 

Cats, 



UencminSex. ^ 

Cats, where, 0, 122. S. 25. eaten, 30,1. 

Tigrc-Cat, fccTigrc. 

Cat-fifh, i. O. 148, 9. vcnemous fins, and where found, 120. 
262,4. S. 171. C. 109. 

C. CAtDch in Jucatauy i. C. 9. lo* 28, 3, 45,7. its Winds, 
yv.32.VYeather,82*CurrcQts, io$.Log<vood,io, 57. Fifh,i2,i2. 

Cattelj where, O.'liS, 231. 406. 4U. killed by VViods,W.<o. 

Ott>, a weight/ S. 132. CSccBeeyef. 

C4|^^C4lM//l HiU,if. 0.2d5/ 

CavaIlies,Fifli, where, O. 321. S.128. C. 71. 

Sir r. Canjendijhy his taking the i4c/ip«/co-Ship, 0, 2^0. his 
Cottrfe OTer the 5. Sea, 280. 

Cedarsi where and what, O. 29. 275. beft for Canoa's, 29. 

CHebeSy I. i. O. 446, 7> 8. low Anchoring Coafts,425.fiiIet$, 
Bays and Lakes, 447. Iflands and Sholcs near it, 447,8. 450, i . 
fee L Boktw. Beacons fet on the Shoals, 450. Tornado's and I 

Spouts, 450, 1, yaft Trees, 448, 9. 450. wild Viiie good for 
Ulcers, 449. Shy Turtle and vail Cockles, ib. Land-crab found 
by Sir Fr. Dra^e on an Ifland' near it, 47 3. fee Maa^r. 

Centipce, a Teocmoss WcMra, rf.0. 320, i.whcrf found, tf. 
S. 25. C. 64. , 

CentifH^ofuc ( falfly Santa Pecaque ) d. 0. 2^8, 9. piUj^ 'd, 
270, 1, its Silver-Mines^ 269. 

Crjrto, I. its Cinamon, 0. 447. 

Ckt^e R. goods fent down it, 0. 2^,7* 185. 
, Chairs, none us'd, where, 0. 329. 

Chahtbing^T. andH. d. 0.378. 

ehatnetly^ Ifles near C* Cmentes^ «^ a $?• 

Cikrme^/;' Ides near the Trof. oiCtmcer^ J. O. 2(52, 3,4. 

Champa^ Kingdom, its Trade and Comnoditics, 0. 400. iikeli^ ; 
hood of a good Trade there, S. 3, Itfeans of it, 102, 3. Idola- 1 
troos Inhabitants, O.400. their charafter, 401. their Arms, Vef- ; 
fels,aiidskili in Shipping, 400, i. 

ftilo CbrnnpeUo it la Mar^ S. <5, 7. 

Pido Chan^lh de la Terra^ & 7. \ 

ChampetoQ R. and T. flf. C 47, 8. ' 

C&^nd', Fobity 0. 147. 

ChftBBels, what and where, 0.38.48.55,7. 82.97. 1^0,9. 

"4f5* 130. 146.^51. 159. 175, 6,7. 188. i^3i»4-2otf- 213,5. 
242,(^.262. 346.378^9. 39a. 40(^436. 459. 4<^c. S. 9. 10. IT* 
109. no. 122. 158. C.23, 9. 50, 50. 123. W.9i,2, 3. EngHj/h 
Chanacl, great Tides, 97. and raoft Regular, 91,7. 

• Chau^ Tea where fo caird) O. 409. S% 31.41. feeTcr. 

Cbmdmc}^^ a Puniihment, S.- 138. 

CheafQT. in tht Ifibmusy attempted by Privateers, O. i8<!s^. 
202, 5. Cicapo R. 2t, 3. 202, 5. d. 204, 5. 

C6e4(po in ^fexrco {Cbtafa) itsCochiaecIji 0^ 2^29. Mountains, 
G. iQOi 8, 1 19, C a 3 3 Cheeapcque 



Ksenerai maexi 

Checapeqne ^. d; C. ii8; 

Cheefe, where, O. 250. where little of it made, liii 

Chepelio, I. </« O. 202. 

Cbequetofif J. O. 249. 

Cherbntrg^ fee Sherboro, 

Children, hov<r Educated and£mploy'd,0. f. 8. 330, i. 432,3i« 
Dutiful to Parents, 4)2. civil to Strangers, 433. W^ 112. held 
ottt tomove Strangers Bounty, O. 49 j. fold by Parents, S. ^, 
8, $0* and gamMaway,42. a witty and aftiveone of Moftefk, 

O. 249, 2$0, I. 

Chicly weedy where, C. 23. 

Cbili^ its High Land, O. 94, 5. 42 j. fee i4i»&x. No Raio^& 
nor Rivers of note, ib. nor any perennial, but caos'd by Rains 
within Land, 95, 5. £5. S. 35. W. 79. 8o. iU qOiet Sea, O. 94. 
decp^ and why, 423. itsRock-fifh, 9^ SoeFerlu See Bdldiviai 
John Fernando s I. (/«f/i/co, Coqidmboy and 
C^//of J. its Timber, a Comniodity, . 140. 
- Chins of People, (hort, where, 0. 32. 
Ci&iii4, its S. Borders, S. 18.20. i. 54,^. low Anchoring G)aft, 
01425. S. 10. its Winds, W. 17. 23. and Storms, 71, 5. SeeTaf- 
foons. Good Stages thither, O. 394. S. 103. Cbinefi fiib)cftto 
the 7iir/4r/, 0.406. 7. 41 j^; 421. who force them to cut their 
Hair, 407. which they dote upon, ib. S. 42. and Rebel upon it, 
0. 407. 421. and flee their Couritry, S. 7. 42. of thefe,Pinites, 
where, 106,7. ^«««V/<i thrcatncd by the CW»^,0.33i. their 
Jonks, where, and what, 396. 401. 417.8. 10.^.0.401.412, 
.3. parted like Welhboats, 4i2.rheir Sails at and Mafts, 412, j. 
Cultom of Meafuring flrange Ships, O. 35^. Wrecks at J. Frata, 
4o5> 6. ThdirMerduntsandTrade, how, and where, 308. 
383^7,8.417. S. 8. 10. i$.i6. 36,65*134, 6,7» 8* 1^2. bent upon 
It, 15, 136, 7. 162. Cafh or Coin, 88. CbindCamfor Fair, where, 
and what, 136, 7, 8. Accon^ptants,^where, 0^360. Mechanicks, 
5. 136. 167. Manufathures and Emptoyments, fsre. O. 408, p. 
China Di/^fx,&c. made of what, i5. a Commodity, where, S. 5|. 
their Chop-flicks, 84. DnnkSyiceTeaySam-flfUjffoc'flm. I^ansaiid 
Umbrello s, 0. 407, 8. their PerloBages, d. Hair of Head and 
Beard, fmall Eyes, and Habit, 406,7, 8. 426. Ingeny,409, lo. 
Cuftoms, 407, 8,9. arefober,S. 137. but love Gamingunmcafur- 
ably, 42. 136. 162.0. 469, 10. and hang themfeives wh6i all is 
loft, f^. their Religion, hideous Idols, ^c. 39^)7* 41 19 12. S. 
59fRenegado where, 138. CUmr/e Language how ffibken, O. 4? 
and written, S. 59* ^o. the Fol^ien Dialcft of it, the Cou^ 
Tongue at Tonquiny 59^ the Womcns tying their Hair, O- 4®?.' 
little Feet and Shoes, 408. China Goldy fee Gold. China SilK 
fee Silk. Sec Amoy, Aynam, Canton, Foi^M, St ftfibfs I. 
AtacaoyYviXitm. 
China fKoot J where found, 0. 409.3. 63. 

Ctimmi 



ijenerai mmfCi 

ChmntyZxA Chioain-BoK, d. 6, 54, $. 

Cbincbancbee, T. C. 14. 

(Ihirapee Bay, d. Bad for Ships, 0. 144. 

Cbocolatiey O. 2^2 50. W* 8 5. why much dried by the Spanmdf, 
0. 60. Sec Cacoa, 5;f>Kw<<. ^ 

Pbopolatta-Notth fa Wind) d, VV. 60, C. ^9. 

Chop or Pafs rcquiiite at Timquin^ S. i d. 

Cbouai or Governing King of Ttmquin^ fee Tonquin* 

Chrifiiardtyy ftatc of it in Tonquhiy ^c. S. ^5, 5, 7, Obftacles (0 
it, f^. 

ilfon/e C*r(/fa, <i O; 1^6. 

Chucbe,l,d,0.zii* 

CbkcqHtbuly T. rf.C. 51. taken by Privateers,/^. 

Churches, where, and what, and how adorned, 0.42. 122, 3, 
135,9, 140, I. 152. 179. 188. 218. 229.233. 242. 2d5, 9. 387. 
C 51. no, i» 115. 127. S. i6o. Bufincls tranfa^ed there, and 
Paftimes, 0. 1 27. C 1 1 5. 

Cinamon, whence, O* 447* 

Circunicifion,wliere and how ufedyO* 339* See M^hometanifm. 
Solemnities at it, 339* 340, i , 2. 3^9* 370, 

Citrons, where, S. 124. 

Clam, a fort of Oyfter, <f. O. 175, 7. 

Sii Clara- h d. 0. 147. 

Clbaths, worn neat and tight, p. 4 54. fine, ^ive a R'eputatioi), 
wherfc, 361, 2, nOhefromabroad,wherc, 431, Old, a Commo- 
dity, where, 13, 72, 6. 489. C 120. where little or none worn. 
fee Naked. Of Skins, wher^ ufed,c4d4. 538,9. VVhJt Cloaths, 
ah4 where worii, 327U07, 8. 419. 427. S. 42, 3. 129. C 4<5. 
iZ5/fe6 Antibur, Breeches, Caps, Coats, Frocks, Hats,'Jjck-' 
ct$, Ornaments, Petticoats, Safti, Scarf, Shoes, Slippers, 
Stbckiiis, Turbans. 

Cloth, long, 0. 327. Cotton, 427, & 42 . C. 45. 1 14. Plantain, 
iLO. 3154 Coco,//. 224, 5.327.427. Indian^S. <5 1,5. Cloth (Lin- 
lien and Woolen J what and whcreaCommodity, O. 74. ^15. 
142,3. 152,4>245*333' S-42, 65. 129. 134. Cue. 120. fee 
Callico's,Mttflin's, Silks. - 

Clouds, how a iign of Land near^ O. 283. hover about it,282. 
^bottt Mountains, VV. 79. 83, 4, 5, 6, their motion when S^nts 
come,0. 45 1 .how they prefage the Monfoons (hifting, 490. and 
Storms, 322.413, 5. See "North banks. Hurricanes, Tu|Foons. 
looking difmally, VV« 7I1 , 

Cloves, where, 311. 447. 5i>2. (lore to be had, 317. 350. 447. 
Aow they grow,3id. trick tofwellthem, 318. 

Ck>ve-Bark,where,0.3 15.350. 511. 

Coals, of what.VVood beft to harden Steel, C. 50, 7. 

Coafts, no where of a continued height, 0. 42 3^ high and Io\v 

fau{^ what Seas and Anchoringi 422} 3, 4, 5. bow they make 

• •*' - • ' " - * ' ' Bays 



General Index. 

Bays, 423, fee Biy 5* Convenience, of bold Coafts, 424; xi 
able, fee CaraccosyChiU^MexicOfFerUyScc Marks at Sea. the ^ 
Coift, what fo called, 475. 

Ck>ats fh3rt, O. 419. Coat- Armour of Buff; fee Armour. 

Cocbincbina^ Iflands off it, S. 9. has TafFoons» VV. 75. Ship- 
wreck'd-men dcjtain'd there, S. 7. CUnefe Refugees there, iB. VVa« 
men Proftitiwis, O. 39$. its Tea, 409. and Pepper, S. t8r. Wars 
vtithTonqHiB^2i.6-],j2' once under it, ^7. Cocbincbincfe of Puk^ 
Canton^ 6. of Palo Cunhre^ and Nvhit they bring thence* 
O. 995. S. 8. their Boats, f^. this a fit place to introduce a Trade 
^\t\iC9€bmbina. O. 994. probably a good oae,S. 9. further meaas 
of it, 102,9. 

Cochineel, Tree, Fruit, Infeft, where found, andmahageoaent 
of it, 0. 124. 225, 228, 9* 

Cockles, where, O. i$9. few4d[5. vail ones, 449. 

Cock, white, required as a Fee for a (Irange Cure, C. pr. 
Cook-fighting, where us'd, 8. 184^ Cocks and Hens (Dunghil 
Fowl) Sec Poultry. 

Cockreco*s, Birds, </.C. d$, 9. 

Coco 'Trees and Nuts,wherc,0. 7^,7. iii, 187.291, 4, $.911. 
978.454,7.472,4,5,5,8,9.480, 8. S. 4. 29, 4. 124. i8i. </. 
291 to 295. 918. ufefuUnefsof this Tree, 295. of the Sap, 299. 
4. 479.480, 6,8. See Toddy, Arack. of the Water or Milk of 
the Nuts, 292, 474, of the Nuts, 292,4.474, 5,7,8. 597t^« 
of the Shell, 294. 490. of the Husk, 294, 5. fee Coire^ how neg* 
lefted in the W> Indies^ ib. the (/j<4/ff-Nats, 295, 6. thofe of 
Sumatra^ 2^6. of an Ifland drown'd every Tide, 474. floating at 
ScZfib. Groves at Nicobary/^yS^ 9. whit Soil and Airbefl for 
them, 295,6. wiiere a Commodity, S. 151, 2. 

Cocofy I. in the S. Sea,^. O. iir. 191. why mill by the A, 
W. 1 5. C9C0S I. in the E, Indies^ d.O' 470, 2. 

Coco-plum, fiu(h and Fruit, d. and where found, C* 49* 107* 

Cod-Pepper, fee Crtfrnf^-Pepper* 

Coins, fee Cajh^ Fanam^ Mcfs^ Pcttu 

Coire-cables of Coco-nut Husks, 0« 294, $, .of Strings hang 
ing from a Tree, 295. 460- 

Eafl' Colder in SommerCepflfirey its M^fariety of Soil, S« 129, 4. the 
Author born and bred tnere, tb.C, 2. 9. 

Colony its Water, and i/ii/^n Fifliermen, 0. 141. 

CoiancbCy R. 0. 1 94. 

Coldefl Winds what, O. 529. 590. fee ffdrmatMs. 

CotimayT. and rich Valley, O. 251, 2, 9. its Volcan always bar- 
niug, i^. itsCacoa,f^.5o. 

Colorado Shoks, d^ C. 29. 99« 

Colour of Face and Skin, Natural , fee Compkxioa 9 by 
Pigments, O. 514. 598. fee UzmmcTyJeofy. Coloufs, fee Pyes. 

Comanay in vain attempted by Pri?ateers, O. 6^* The Air/ic- 
wnta Fleet touches there, C I25. Commo: 



General Index. 

Commodities, Spanijh^ Americariy E. Mian, hovv mutually 
cxchangcdjO. 244,$,6.Commoditics what^and where, fee Cacao 
and Chocalattc, Corn and Flower, Drugs, Dyes, Pieces of Eight 
Fruits, Gold, Hides,' Iron in Bars and wrought. Lack, Leather' 
Marmalade,Molo(ro's, Negro's, Oil, Pitch,Quick fiIver,SiIvpr Soao' 
Spice, Tallow, Tea, Timber, Tin, Wine. 5cc Manufaftures' 

CCoxncrin, its Winds, W. ^o. 

Company, £. Jndiay fee Dutcb^ Englijh. 

_.Compafs ffec Azimuth) Winds flying roynd it, W. 58. fc^ 
TornadoV. 

Complexion of People, Coal-black, face and body, 0. 454. 
dark Copper-Colpur, 7*32- 170- 2?7- 5. 1518. 181. C. 91. 115. 
//irfww generally fo,f5. O. 297. very dark, 427,557. VV. uo. 
Alhy, 0.407. dark Tawny, 395. C.115. W. 108, light Tawny 
or Yellow, O. ^26. 454- S. 40. the Women of a brighter Yel- 
low than the Men, 0. 325. 454. 

Compojiella in Mexico^ d.O. 2^9. its Gold and Silrer Mines 
255,' 9. its Merchants, and Silver rcfin'd there, ib. ' 

Comrade^ who focall'dat i»tf«flf^«/io,0. 327, 8. 358. 355. fee 

Cmeption^. O.22. a Wood there dying like Logwood, C 58. 
Conch-fliells faid to make China- Wzrc, 0. 409. 
CCondecedOyd. C. lo/i^, 4 - 6.42, its Winds, W. 22. 4. aiJ 
4, andVVeathcr, 8?. ^ ? > t t5> 

PjiloOniore, its Commodious Scituation, O. 394, Courfeby 
!J> ?• ^- ^'?<^ Harbour, Channel, Trees, Fruits, Tai", and Animals, 
r*3'^5>p.tb394. Cicbinchinefe Inhabitants, J94, 8. their Perfons! 
^95. "VVomen Proftitutesi /^. Trade, ib.S. 8. Language, 0. 304, 
Religion, 39(5. ^n old Pilot there, 598.400. ' ^ ' 

' Coii^>,R.d.7l 1$. -fl?. 193. 

Conies, where, y V. 109. Indian Coneys, fee Racoons. 

Cookery, what and where, 0. 79. 294. 313, 4. 329. 357, 9. 
429.430.473, 4. 488, 9.490. S. 27, 8.30, 1. 129. C. 18. 

Coolecah'R. ( Culiacan) O. 264. A rich T. by it trading for 
Pearl, ». ' ' , ^ r 

Coottng or engcndring time of Turtlci fee Turtle. 

Copper-rings, a Commodity, where, C 1 19J 
. C. Co^tti^ow^, its Currents, VV.ioi. ' ' 

Coqubnboy whence its Timber, 0. 140. 

Coral-bank, where, O. 50. 

Cordage, what and where, 0. 223. 294, $. 

Cofdial,' of-Soakes and Scorpions, wher^ usVI, S.$^. 

CCorrientesmMexicOy itsyvinds, iind how' and when to.bc - 
ma^c, O. ^45. 257. d. 256 to 25i. its Lbngitudc 25^. • 

^* CorrmpesmFcr^pd^O^ 174' 

C B 3 C CorrUnks 



■^"■H 



yjcficrai mjiucx* 



C CorrUntes (ACuha^ C. 9. 29. 30, i. its Currents W.ior, 

C.CoxYientesoi jl/rfc/i, its Winds, VV« 19. 

CoroiONnts,^. and where, C ^9. 71. ' 

Corn, where, O. 75.99- 114* 253. See Barky, (/irlitfA-Coni} 
Maiz, Millet, Rice, Wheat. 

Corn Iflands, and their In£ansyi.0.^i^2. 

Coromandely its low Anchoring Coafl^. 42$. Winds, VV.48. 
Storms, 73, 4* Weather, 83. Famines, and Sale of Wiyesand 
Children, S. 37? 8. 50. 1 30. fee CatamjOrans, See Ctrnmrnere^ Vhit 
SuGeorge^ PattacatyFontichmi^Trangambiar. 

Coronadd Mount, or Croim-land, d.O. 2$6, 

Corpus Sant^ a Meteor, and what a (ign of, 0. 414, $. 

Corro/p, a Bird, where, O, 39. C.<5$. i|8, d. C. tf 7. Bones poi^ 
fcnouSfi^. 

CCorfoyith Rains, W. $2. Variation and Tides, 53- 

Corunna (thcGfein) bad Beef there, why^S. jr. 

CoftaRicOt its Cacao, O. 59. 

Cotton Shrub, Cotton and Cloath, where, O; 16$. 384.425,7, 
5.42. C.4d. 115. where a Commodity, S. 145. 

cotton-tree (vaft and foft) where fouttd,anditS kiais^f 0* 85^ 
l64y 5. itsDownof litcieufe, ib» 

Capt.CaM«^*s Letters to the A. W. 54,7. 

Countenance of Peoplct where ftern and hard-favoured^ (X y. 
44. 170, 297. 4^4. Graceful, 32^. 470, 8. S. 12?, Sec Fac^ 
HKcature. , 

Courfes ftecr'd, or to be lleer'd, what, where and why, 0. 4, 

77,8,9. 119.13$, 8, 9. 147. 167. 1^1.184,5. 193. 201. 211.245. 

i^Si, 3, 5, 6, 7> 9. 35i> 2. 378, 9. 421. 439, 440, 2, 3, <5, 8. 45<i» 

. Ij 3> 8, 9. 4(5o, I, 2. 527. 531. $49. S. d. 10. 109. C. 28^9. 

30, 1. 125, 6. W. 7. 8. 18. 21^3, $.33, 9.40. 51,3, 5, d. IQI, 

?> 5, <^. 
Courtiers all Learned, how and where, S. 39* 

' Courts of Judicature,^ where none^t ^* ^o* 
Cows, fee Beeves. 
Mountain-Cow, fee Jnte. 
Sea Cows, fee Manatee. 
CoxumelhC,p.2^* 
Crabs, (Sea) where, S. 27.C. 70. 

Crabs (Land) where, Q. 473* S» 27«/i/. C.ji, 3. when poi^ 
fonous, 32, :. 

Crabcatchcrs, Birds, where,S,^d.<f*C.tf9.7o. 
Craw-fiih, where, S. 27.1 ?8. 

Crawls, what and where, 6. i58, 9. C 33.98, fee Hogsi 
Creeks, how caused, 0.422, 3,4,$. feeHailxrars. 
Creflcts, what and where us*d, O. 337t400| i* & 140. ij6^ 
fmU\ who fo qtird, O. $8. 

Croekadcre, 



General IwBSr. 

* Crockadore, Bifd like aParrot, where, 0. 458. 

Crocodiles, where, .C. 30, 3, 74, s.d. aod how they differ 
ftom Ailigaton, 74, 5, 6. tnd their Eggs, 75. thdr boldnefs. 
Si* 76. greedy of Dogs, and terrible to them, ib. 

Carrion-Crows,iee Carrion. Chattering-Crows,ree Black-8irds< 

LiVeraCrw^ (and St. J^ohn d* VB$a) C 45.120, i. d. 124, 5. 
Courfe thence, VY. 105. its Communication and Trade^ C. 120^ 
1,5. 0.180,5. 244.261.277. taken by Prirateers, C. i26i 
Hawks-bill Tiirtle,0. 104. Old Kirr4€r«^, d. C 127. 

C. de€ru^im€uba^ its Currents, W. 10 1. 

Venta de Cna^es^ 0. 185. 

€uhA I. C. p. %$• 90, 1, 9, 4* itsSairannahs, 0. 87. its Beeres 
and Hog-Crawls, i68. C. 99. 98. Commodities, O. 45. 227. Wea- 
ther, W. 85. Currents, 105. fee C. Antom^ C. deCnn^^ C. Coi^' 
rkfitesy I. of PineS) ami 

S.Kevs of C^4,,C. 91. tf. W.^6. WindSi ib. ftor'd WithFilH 
told fleiti, C 97* O. 99. 106, 7. 

Cttbebs, where, & 196. 

Cvdda ((^da) good Trade, O. 49$. UfeofOil there, 537, 

Cumdmere^zn £nglifh Faftory in Coromandet^ O. 509. 

Cups of Coco-Nut, 0. 294* fee Cakibaih. 

Cure, of Amputations, 198, 9. nf Ijeg-worms, a (Irangeon^^ 
Cpo,!. of Difeafes, fee Alligators C6ds, Bathing, Cam-chain^ 
Herbs, Mangafbm, Saso,San£hot,Vinc^ild. 

Curlews, gi'eat and final], diC. 6^, 70. 

CurrMfa$y or Qxerfpw, a Da^cft L O. 45. d. 46. >¥• 4a. its 
" Currents, loi, 4. deiir'd butmift by the French, O.47. 50. 

Currents, their kinds, coories, &c* d. W. 100 to 108. foaklng 
and Counter-Currents^ what, 104. influenc'd ,by Trade- Winds, 
90. 100, 9. ftrengthen'd by a contrary Wind, 0. 401. forward 
or retard the Log, 290. how they differ from Tides, W. 90. loo. 
what^d where> 4. 20. 92, 9. 51,5, d, 7. 0« 57^ 139. 290.401, 5^ 
452. 494^ vS. I $6. C. 26, 9* ' 

Curtana*s, what and where ns'd, 0. 400. S. 70. 80. 

CttftomSjO. 927. fee Arts and Artificers, Begging, Children, 
Qoaths, Cookery, Cure, Dancing, Drink, ILntertaittments^ 
Feafts, Fighting, Fiih]ng,Food, Funeral, Gaming, Government, 
Hunting, H(wfes, Husbandry, Learning, Mmners, Marriage, Orn4- 
ments. Religion, Shippiiq;, Singing, Shyesi Trades, VYalhing, 
Women, Writing. 

D. 

Dilmm^f a (brt of Pitdi and Pignlent, where, O. 514* 
Damfkryhh Education, and firft Vcwages to Fraticty Nen^f 
p^-ndLmdy and Bant^m^vmA back to England^ C. i. 2. 9. S. 129,4. 
W.4. $• to Jimdc4^ C« 4* 7* 8. and Cmfr^cft/, 9 to 17. h^ 

C B 2 ] tt^miH 



yjuTitrrai jtna^x* 



Returns, ip« is in danger of the Spaniards^ 20. 34, $• of (hip^ 
ivreck, 22, 3, 5, and ftarvii^g at Sea, ^5, 7, 8. but recovers Ja* 
m/2/c4.38,9.His fecondVoyage to Camfeachy^vA cuttingof Log* 
vrood, 41.82, 3, 7,8, f .91. 128. 1^0,1. his danger fromaSnakc, 
63. Alligators, 82. lod. a Leg- worm (flraogely cur'dj 89.90,1, 
lofinginche Woods, 8 3, 4, 5. a violent Storm and Flood, 9i»2,3. 
VV.dd,7. itnd return to Jamaica and England^ ^•i^i? 2. Hegoes 
again to Jamaica, ib. O. //i^^ L IL croifes the Ifiimus of AmC' 
fica, ranges in the S. Sea, and returns, IIL IV. 1 1 to 24. cafe of 
his Journal, i<5.hard(hips, 14, 6^ 8. 23, 7. cruifes about theVV. 
Indies^ 26,&c. got^toVirginUy 6$. fets out again, 65, 9. great 
Sccrm,7o. VV.64. touches at C. VerdlttcSyih. R, Sherbm, 78. 
re-enters The 5. Sea, 83. hisTraverfes there, and dangers, (fee 
Frivateers) ib. to 279. Sicknefs, 255. and Cure, 275« 282. Ha- 
zardous Voyage crofs the 5. Sea, 279. 281,3,4* he arrives at 
Guam, 284. the Fbilippine Si ^06 • Mindanao, ^o^, P. CondorCt^S^. 
Coaft of Ctotf, 406. (a 7)f^d, 413,4,5,5. S. 35, 5,) the Fi/ctf- 
dores^ 4 1 5, 7. Ba/hee-liics^ 42 1. L Bonbon, 4 ^3. i^. Hollandy ^62* 
he plots to leave the Privateers, 402. 440. 470, 2, 4, 6. is left to 
fhi. tat Nkobar L 48 1 , 2, 3. puts to Sea in an open Boat, 485, 7. 
4p. his Danger, Fatigue, and fad Reflettions, 492,&c. long 
Sicknefs upon it, 501. S. 2. ^. 90. 161. m, 9. 147, 8^ 177. arri- 
val at i4cMn, O. 502. and harfh Phyfick, 503. He goes to Ma^ 
laccaznd Tonquin, 505. S- 2. 3« 8. 11^2,5. 90, 4^ 9. loo. Occur- 
rerxcs, 90 to loi. returns, 101,3,4, 5. to Malacca, no. and 
Achin, 119. goes again to Malacca, 154, 9. and back to Acbin^ 
If-!, dangers, 92. 14$, 6, 7,8. O. 526,7. He goes to Fort 
St. George, 505. 511. 5. 178, 9. and (with Jeoly) to Bencwli, ib. 
O. 505. 512. toC GiodNope, 520, i, 8. St. Hellena, 544. and 
England, 550. 

Dancing and Singing, what and where, 0. 127, 337«^* 361, 7* 
fviYitVL Done, 359. 3^60, i.J C, 115.VV.1n. in the Night,0.i27. 
^i59.atN.andK. Moon. 541. L Thackers, O. 3^1, 2* ffanciog 
VVomen, c!5r<^.(/. 340. i, 2. S.i45. 

Danesoi St. Thomas,!. O46. of Trangam6ar^^o$S* I30.i54,7,8« 

Purien Ifthnius, fee Iflhmus. 

Darien K.d. O.40. 5'p4ii{4rirthere4i.itsSavages,their Thinks 
andpoifonous Arrows, ib. Enemies to the Iftbmus IndianSj^iB. 
Manatee there, 33.4i« and Ante, C. 103. Trade- VTinds and Tor- 
nadoes to the V V. of it, V V. 1 8^ 

Davenpcrt'i Account of the Tides of Toitqmn, ttktfd to 
VV. 97. 

Capt. Davis's Difccvery, 0. 352. 

Davkh Streight, fee N. Weft Paflage&r 

A Day loA or got in compafling the World, 0. 37 5, 7. 

Debtors, how ufed at Tonquin,S,'jd, 9. 

DecUnatioD, care to be bad of it in conapailbg the Wbrld, 
O. 57 7, 8r Decoyf 



Decoys of Hogs, where, O. i58. 

Deer, where, O. 9- 39- 212. 326. 347, 8. j^fp.s. 25. 127. i8r* 
C. 32. $2, 9.' 108. VV. 109, 

A Degree of the Eq. how much, 0. 288, 9; 290. 

Degrees taken, and Examinations for them, where, S. 60. ' 

ueHaion^d. itsWcgro's and Elephants Teeth, VV- 108. •; 
112: * ~ 

Defarts iQes, Defarcuffes, SeaU thore, 0. 90. Sec Jes AremC%* ^ 

Devil, where fcarM, and how call'd, O. 9. ^ 

Dews at Night where it netrcrrains, VV. 78. 

Mmte-Viaboio in famalcdy C. 8. 

iyUmond'^mt/d.O, 499. S, 121. i$4,5, 177. 

Dice made of Sea-Lions Teeth, 0. 90. 

Dildo-bu flies, where, O. 8i.(/. loi. 

Di//;' ft. d. and its Pirates. S. i$(5,7. 

Pulo D/Ww^, D,aft:A Fort, ^c. S. 154. rf. 1 7 1 to 1 7 7* 

Cr^rfii D/ox, Nombrede Dios 5 fee Gr4^i<f, Nombre. 

Diredions for failing, fee Courfe. 

Difcovcries (fee D^iwVs) what and how to be made, O. 274^ 
3j4*35i»2. 

Difeafes, fee Ague, i)ropfie, Feavour, Fluxi Gripes, Head^ 
ach, Leprofy, Scurvy,Small*pox, Worms. Itching in the Amts^ 
lecPenguin-fruit. 

Diflies of Coco-nut-fflicII, 0< 294. 

Ditches and Drains, what and where, S. 26. 38. 44, 5. 

Dogs where, 0. 122. S.2$. C 6% j6. VV. $6. where none, 
0.359* where eaten, S.30, i. coircted by Alligators and Cro- 
codiles, and fearful of them, C. y<5. not fuffer'd to eat what bones, 
6j. £«^///i one where valued, O. 302. 

Dog-fifli, where, C. 12. 5$. 

Domea R. and Bar (a branch of Tan^w-R.) and T.d. S. ib, d, 9- ' / 

iii, 9.90. 

Dovts of thrceor four forts, where, S. 128. fee Turtle-Doves, 
Pigeons. 

Doughboys or Dumplins, C. 18. 

Dragon-tree, and Gum (Tr ^acanthi} d. and- where, 0. 4^3. 

Sir Fr. Dr^i^e's Bowels where buried, 0. 39. 1. Tlata. nam*d 
fromhim, 132. his taking QHatulco^ 233. Courfeover the S.Sci^ 
28a Land-Crab found by him at an lue near Celebes^ 473. 

Draught^or Carts Erroneous, fee Mrftakes. 

Drift- wood, what, and where, 0. 2 30. 

Drink long abftainM from, yet Urine voided, O. 282. Water 
the common DHnk of Indians, 431. where Corn-drink of Maix 
CPofole) O. 12. d. C. 43. 113. with Honey, ib. Rice-drink, 
0.368,9. Samjkk, 419. of Wheat, fee ffxfliu. Of Millet, W. 
no, I. of Sugar Canes and a Berry, fee Bajhee-drmk. Water 
fwectcn'd and fpic'd, O. 359. Pine-drjink, a Cadoaof it, lo. 

. C^J] Photainr 



General Index. 

Phntaia-drink,;T4^5. Boaano^drink, ^i6, MiSc, fottr,W. iii. 
fee I/re. Sec Arack, Toddy, Tea, Water, Wine. Drinking to 
6ne another, where us'd, 434. &C and hard, ip. 3^9. 41^. W^ 
III. fee Drunken. 

Dropfies,where frequent and mortal, and how cur'd,0.2$5,^« 
275, 

Drugs, whereaCommodity, O. i$a* where {eTetaI^.51,3.12^. 
fee Aguala-wood, d. Alligators-Cords, d. Aloes, Ambergriefey i. 
Annife, d. Arek-nut, d. Bang, d. Betle, d. Cambodia (Guni- 
booge> Camphire, China-Roots, Cubebs, Gum-Dragon, ^ Ga- 
linga, Lack, d. Musk, d. Rhubarb, Sago, d. Sarlkparillat Scor** 
pions. Tea, Vine wild, d. VincBo's, d. Ifae Dyes, Fruits, Horbs, 
Roots, Spice. 

Drums us*d, C. 1 1 $. heard in the night, Q. 4^8. where a Te^ 
four, 459* 

Drunken men lofl at Sea, 0« 5i« 

Dry, fee Scafon, Weather, 

Ducks, tame, where, O. ^21, 9. 405. $^3. $45. S. 2$. 30. 128. 
1^3. iSi.W. 109. 1 1 I.e. 59. Duck-houfes, S* 25, <5, Wild- 
Ducks, where, S. 2^. (caught with Nets, i^.) 90. W. 109. Duck 
and Mallard, their kinds, oTc. 69. 70. 

D«/ce, Crulph, 0.21$. its Weather, W^ 8;. Tides, 9^. 

Dunghill fowl (Cocks and Hens) fee Poultry. 

Duriaa troe and fruit, d» aad where, O. ^ip. 320. S. 124^ i8i. 

Da^c^and Dutch ^fi-India Company, diligent, S^ 174. 162* 
Sea-men thievilh and ciofe, 918. their tricks to fvyell Cloves., ih. 
Jealous of the ^f^/f/lj^^i-Poifeffions andTradein the WJitdks^ 
45> ^9 7 9 8. 6g, 4« C.90. 12S* fee Aruboj Bomdry^ CiirrafM^ 7> 
^ii^o. In the £. /n</ifx, O.918. 339. 4|5. 5. 145,8. VeiTds boii^ht 
aad new fitted, $. 1 10, i. they engrois the Spice-trsiidc, 0« ^164 
350. S. 1^4, 5. deftroy the Spice, 0. 31^,7. indave or awe the 
people, 31^. 331.3664 5. 11$, 6, 8^ 164, $• with Guard-fliips, 
163,4. 173, 4. therefore hated and dreaded, 0. 316. 33i.3$o,9. 
366. 456. S. 117. Free Merchants of them esuriiuied the Spice- 
Iflands by the Company, O. 317. yetallow*d to Trade where the 
Company not, ib, & 1 3 5, 6. other Spice-Iflands yet free, (X^ $0. 
513. Their Fa&ory and Trade at Tcnquin^ S. id, i, 2, 3, 6. 26^.1. 
(their houlie, d) 49. 51, 2. 61, 3, 4, $• intrigue with Women* 
Brokers, 51. Places got by them, 162. W. $d.O. $4^ and Joft 
again,23. narrowly mift by them, S^ 182,3. ^f^tcb Ship furpriz'd, 
O 51, 2. eaten with Worms, 362. fee BatMwa^ f. iHuiingf 
C« Goodifts^, MacaS^r^ Sfice-IfUnds. 

Dyes, what and where, S. 61, 4. poifonpus us*d for dying the 
Teeth black, 41. fee Anatta orOcta, d. Blood-wood, d. (or Red^ 
wood of l^icq^^, or ^icigr4^ic4-wood) Cam- wood, Cochineel, A 
Indico, d. Logwjood, d. Saffon^YHiodf d, Silvefter, d* Stock- 
fiih-wood, d. The Skin dy'd or Aain'd by Indims^ O. 538. fee 
Dammer, Painting. Eon 



Uenfm iMex. 

EArs bcr'd withwood in them, O. ga. Ear-nags, 427. $14,* 
Earth yielding Salt-petre, where, C 11. fccSoif. ' 

Earthen-ware,wlutand where, 0.250. S. 61, g. C 1^5. fee 
China-ware, Jars. 

Eating, how, 0. 929.430. a Probation for SouldicrSy S.6r. 

Ebb, Iong,a prefageof a Storm, W. 66. 70. fee Tide. 

Eels, where, S. 129* 

£ggs,found, eaten,tradedfor,0.i4*22. 54.75. 5oo.S.3o.w.iir« 
of Bootes and Penguins eaten, O. 1 59. of Eftriget, 464. 539. of 
Land-Crabs, C* 93. of Alligi^prs (musky) 79. of Crocodiles, ib. 
Ants*£gp8, fee Ants. See Birds. 

Egg-birds, d^ and where, O. 54. C. 29, 4, 6, 

Pieces of £^i^ traded with, how and where, 0.245. 

Elephants, whereand what, and how ordered, S* 22, 5* 47*694 
73.142,4,5. 

Elephant-Idols, where, S. 56,7. gt. 

Efephant-Mountain, at Tbnf moi, 11.19. 

Elephant ay aStonB,</. W. 74, 5. 

Empaling where us'd, S. 140. 

Employments, what and where, O. 99$. fee Artificers, Fifli' 
ing, Traaes. ^ 

Eng^dj £ir^/(/l^ Channel, moft Regular Tides, W.91. great, 
97* fee E. Cai^f 

Mngllfljy Pofteifions, and Trade in the W. Indies, < O.64. 227. 
48.5. C 4. $. 98* 126. fee C^r;^3e«lflands, ^amrica. Logwood- 
Cutten, Privateers. In Africa, 0. 78. fee Guineay SanSa Heiena, 
Natal. In the E. Indies, FaAorres and Trade,%nd Enilifh E. India 
Company, 8.101,2,9,8,9. 0.255,8.401.475.509. 512. ill 
managed where, S. loi, a.|. 183, 4. 145,8. at To^quiny' 10, i^ 
2, 3,5.41. (their houfe,/.; 48,9. 51,9,5. 86 to 90. '^ it i, 5. at 
AchinyO.$Q2, 9,4, 5. S. i9o.i45.(prefentto the Queen,i45,5,) 
&c. at. Malacca by ftealth, 1 1 1. 155. able men to be imploy- 
ed in Faftories, 102. Trade to be improved, S. 102. how and 
where,j^.io9. o. 54. ji5,7i99i.C.i3i.where defir'd to fcttlc,0. 
315, 7. 33ii 949. 959-438, 9. W. 1 12. and Trade, 5. 5. welcome 
toit, i95.weHfpokencf, 0.455,^« thoaght Icfs incroachirg 
than die Dxtdy or Sparaards'y 931 . 359. once traded to Formofay 
421. how they got Bencouliy 5.1^2, 9. and San^a HtSena, O.545. 
Engltfl} Women there, d. 548. Exploits under the K. of Sianiy 
S. 105. 5,7. reward, io8. fomc Maflacred there, othcn leave 
it, I5<^s I9 2, 9« War with Sianiy O. $04. and with the -/%»/, 
S. 145. 178. £i^f/KfiimmOB'd to Fort St.Georgey 159. Renega- 
do's, 198. £fli£/l^ at An}eo,Q. 970. $04. SetBenctmliy Ctmnimerey 
Fort St* Hfvrfe^fndrafort'Jinilifi Sea-men fcarce and Taluable in 
■"' ' ■'■'■. '^^ ■ ' " '. the 



"■^"vqvpn 



; General Jridex. 

the £. indtesyS.iii. carclcfs of their health, W. 42. ferre the 
MogHlfO. 507. ufe Azjmuth'Comi^fks, 531. feldom touch at the 
C. Good Hope j and their Courfe to doable it, tb. fee Barbados^ 
Couirfe, Guinea^ Jamaha^ India, 

Entertainments, hov9<^and where made, 0,328. 35$, p. 434 
10439.457. 485. S. $3,4, $. 78* C. 113. W. no, I. cojoyn'd 
• as a Mulft to end Quarrels, $• 78* fee, under Manners good, 
Hofpitable. 

Equtftw or EqumUUU (the Line ) not fo hot as nesMr the 7ro- 
J^icitx,aadwhy, 8^32,3. what Winds and Weather there, and 
hearit,a. 0- 2. ^00,8. up. $49, W. 5, 7. 8. p. i|. 53,4;8o,2« 
why S. Winds there, 6. 7, whenand where beft to crofs it,VV.5. 
^•5i*3,^* andhowtobedonc,^. 7.«9.fromSt.^(?//e/?^j 0.549f 

MfcondedoK, and Port, C. 48. 

Eftantions or -Beef- farms, fee Beeves where, 

Ejldpa in the S* Sea, i* and its Mufcles,0. 253. 

Eflapo in Campeachy^ d. C. 1 19, i. in vain attempted, I5« 

Count £ E^e J Expedition, YV. 46.0. 47, Shipwreck,iA. 50,1, 

£flridges,(Oftridges)and their Eggs(eaten) where,0-454.533. 

Ethk\s^ (Moral Philofophy) ftudied at Tonquin^ S. do. 

Eunuchs, where the almoft only prefcrr'd, S.4^.9 1 , 2, and why, 
8 J. their qualities, Sjy 4, 5. Voluntary Eunuchs, 81, 2. 

£Mrope,plenty of Seals in theN. of it,0.po. fee Gallicla^EngJand* 

Ipwropefinsy Jtk'd by the VVomen, where, 0. 327. Children born 
of them in the W. Indies^ calfd Crioles^ 6B. Prifoners fent to 
Mexico^C* 54- fee DaneSy Ddtcby Engli/hy French, Porpugueje, 
Spaniards. 

Eyes (fee fight) fmall, 0. 32. 170. 395. 407. 427. meanly 
proportionM, 297.i)lfick, 32. 395. 478. 537. S.i28.hawl>425,7, 

Eye^brows, hanging oyef the Eyi!S, 0.3 2, thick, 42^, irca^tv 
4^4.537. VVomen with pone, 479. ' ' . ' : ' 

Eyc-Jids, h^lf c|q^'^ to a?oid Flies, 0. 4^^. 

■ » • » . . ' • 
F, 

FAces, where people of Round, 0- 32. 425. Qfal, 325, 537, 
S. 40. (Ncgromake) VV. 1 16 flattifll, 0« §37. S4o.]ong, 
p. 7.44. 170. 297. 39$. 407.4^4« 478* S. 128. full, 0. 32. thin, 
170. y\foraea rounder Vifag'd than Mcn^ where, 32d, well fea- 
tured, ib* fee Complexion, Countenance, Features* 

F^ftory, i«rhat Men beft for fettlingpnc, 0. 352, 3. S. 102, 3, 

Cinftjtnt Falcons power at Siam^S. 95. 108, p. 110. i$2. 

Famines, where and bow occafiorfd, , S. 37, ,8. 1 30. 

|i'4fl4/», of Cdro;» We/, how macti, Q. 508. 

Fansof PaImcto-leaves,to blow the Firc,,0. i$o, i. 

Feafls, at Weddings, 0. 334.at a Circumcifioh, 339. 34.2,Ido^ 
latrous, 3p/t Annual, 53, 5; Funeral, rf. Sf. $2; 91,2. fetEntcrtain- 
mchts. Feathers. 



FeattichWore in Caps, O.418, 9, w, iir/ 

Features, fee Chin, Eyes, Face, Fore-head. Limb^ Lipi| 
Mouth, Nofc, Shape. People of not one graceful Feature, 0. 454. 

Feet, fmall, O* 32* Womeos, very, apd why, and what the con- 
fequence, ^7.408. going bare foot, Q. g2.92d.408.455. S. 45* 

L John Fernandoid. 0#. 87, 8. 425. difcovery of it, QS. its 
flocking with CioatSjffi* fertility, 87, 6. fifli, 89. 90,1. ftrength, 
tb. Herbage^ 92. a black Fowl there, 97. HiAory of a MosHt!^ 
inanleftthere,84,^5,5. 

L Fernando dc Kormhoy d. W. $5, 7^ 

Fetifferos^ or Negro-Priefts, S.83. 

Fcavours, Men taken with them, 6.79*^ where frequent, 159 ; 
297.3^4. a malignant one, 224.230. what bad for them, S, 23^ 
good, £5. 

Fighting,manner of it, where,©; 337,8. where none, $i5. ftior£ 
and hafly, S. 74. fighting to death, a pu^iHiment, 141. Indians 
loth to fight in the Rain^ 17^* Mock-fight, O. 339. 340. fee 
Cock-fighting. .... , 

Fir-tree, where and howus'd, S. 62, 4. 

Fire, how got by Indians^ O; 466. of what wood, firong, C^ 
' 50, 7. Fires fcen in the night, where, O* 459- 382. a Spantfb 
(ignal,i3. and Privateers, 2 $2. Laws andProvifion againfl Fires^ 
S. 45, 6, 7. and Puniftiment, 79. 

Fifli and Fi(her*men, what and where, 0. 2. 9. i io«i34. 141,94 
159- J8i. 241, 2, 3. 257. 276. 283.297. 321. 348. 3.58. 395,7,9- 
400.429.448. 463-474-480, $, 9. SHi 5' 533- S. 5. 8. ii. 20^ 
'» 7> 8, 9. 30I 43. 54. 89. 128. 130, 1. 142. 162, 3. 175,5. 181* 
C. 12, 3, $. 21,2,5,6. 31,4. 7I5 2j 3- ^24, 7. w. 110, 1, fee 
Boneto, Breme,Cat-fifh, d. Cavally, bog-fifli^ Eeh Flying-fifb^ 
Gar-filh,i/. /ffjp^filh,^. Limpit, Sea-Lion, </♦ Manatee, i. ^p^^m)^ 
Mackril, i. Mud-fifli, Mullet, Nurfe, d. Parricoota, d. Porpus^. 
Ray (Sting, Rafp, Whip-Ray) d* Remora orSttckfng-fifh,V. Rock< 
filh (Groo^r, Baccalao) J* Shark, Snapper,. (/. Snook, d. Sword- 
fifli, d. Tarpom, d. Tenpounder, Turtle, d, Old-Wivcs. fee Shell-* 
fiih« where none, 0. 31. 282. 381. fcarce, 117. 302. 429.^63,9. ^ 
mofl. onRocky Coafls,9o. 264. 283. Fifli and Shoals wneres: 
fign of Land near, ib. Fifli unwholefome from their food,whcre4 
103, 4. kill'd by Stofms atid Floods, O. 524. W. 68. 70, i. Wild 
Indiana love fifii, 0.514. and Privateers always feck for it, 1 17,8^ 
where the main fubiiftence, and how caught, 46596. way of 
Fifliing at 7ait}ffm,and Fiih-ponds, S.26,7,8,9,48. Fifhin^Inflru-* 
ments^d how us'd,0.2.7.8.9ao. d. 35A7«395,7*S. 27,8, 9\i 30,* 
i[.Ci3. fee Harpoons Hooks and Liaes,Nets, Pegs, fee Manatee, 
Tnrtle, iMv^^men, Strikers, none found, 283.,FifliingTowns^ 
€.43.124, 7. and Bank8,i7. 2 1,2, 8. Pearl-fiihing, fee Pearl. Salt* 
fifli, Where^ 124, 8. O. 269. Pickled Fifli, 303. C. 124. a fmall 
ibrt Ids than a Herring, 0. 533.. tike Anchovy^ S* 27. Compos 

C b i fitioni 



_ General Wlex. 

AtioD, 28. fee BaUcbamy NH^e-immiy Soy» Fifh c«tcii riw^ 
G(Mts maw dreft, O. 430. 

FijhcTf I. by TmqHin, d. S. lo. 

Filhiog-Hawks, Birds, where, C 69. J. 71. 

The Fm Ifiandty (ee Baflae Iflands. 

Flags us'd, where, S- 76. with Derices, O. 45$. 

Flamingo, where, d. 0.70, 1,2. its Toogue, and fingnfar 

Mcft,7i- 

Fleet, Plate, from Uma^ audits Courfe, O.171, 7,9, 1^4, 5; 

307. Sailing Orders, 200, i. ftrength,2o7. fight, 20^. Mexican" 

Fleet, fee Armada^ Barlavetitay PUta. 

Flcfli eaten raw, S. 30. how dreft, fee Cookery* 

Flies trottblefome, where, Ou 464. fee Moskitos or Ontte. 

Flint*heads to Arrows, fee Arrows. 

Floats in the Sea, fee Bark- logs. 

Flood, Flowing water, fee Tide. 

Floods, Land, how, when and where, O. id, 7^ ao. 96. 195. 
^22. 360. C. 80, 1, 2. 91,2,3. 108, 9. 122. S.^4| $• ftated in 
the tmid Zone^ and whence,/^. caufeofATf/fV, ib* Risers made 
by them only, th. and HifrVcft depending on them, 37, 8, 9. Mole 
to keep them off, cf. 49* and Banks, 44. Havoek nude by them, 
49. 50. C.92, 3. W.67,8,&c. Water then nnwhold^me^ 0« 
524* Houfes (landing as in Ponds, 929. 369. S. i8o« 

Floors, how laid, cohered, &c. O. 151. 328,f.39o.4ii« 4$7« 

Fforiitf, Gul^its Storms, W«^o« Currents, 105. Courfe thiro* 
it, 18, 9. 24. 40. of the Biir/4i;en^4-FIeet, C 126, its Amber- 
griefe, yv. 54. 0. 73. Indians lefs (anrage than reported, 485. 

Flower, a Commodity, where fouiki, 0.99. 142, 3, $« 172. 
194, 6. 223. 249. 250. %6o. 418, 9. fee Corn. 

Fluxes, where ordinary, O. 153. 334. 8. 148. howcang^t, 
tv. 42.andcur'd,0. 311,^. 33o..& 125. 137. 148. fee Dunfirr'j 
long illncfs. 

Flying-fiih, where, O.80. 

Flying-Proes, i& and where, S.i3i« 

Fogs and Mifts, where and wheUj 0« 94, $• i$3. 3x2, ;« W# 
4o, r. chiefly in fair weather, 41. turn to wind, 40. $!• none 
lhFer»,9. i85. 

F(fg9 1, of the C.ytrdsy d. its Volcan and Fire, 0. 77* Amber- 
griefc,73. 

Fokien^ ProT. 01 Chinoy its Shipping and Tkade, O. 417, 8. its 
Dialed the Court Language at Ton§mj 8. 59. 

Food, what and where, 0. 8. 9. 14. 39. yi9*i^l> 464, 5, #• 
473,4. 540. S. 22^ 30,1. 55* »29. C. 33. 59* ^l»a» 3»7»9» 7<S 
2, 5* 113. VV. 1 10, 1. fee Bcafts, Birds, Cookery, Coni,F]owcr, 
Fruits, Infers, Roots,' Poifon. 

Fore-heads, people of high. 0. 407, low, 32* 42^, nnndf it/t^ 
C II in fhti i6« a 33 s • ( VVgmcii9> ^i^ 7. 



General Imex. 

I. FmnofOf d. pad and prefeat State, &iglijh excluded, &c« 
0.421. 

C. Forrmfd in Africa^ its Fogs and Breezes, W. ^q, i. 

Fortifications and Forts, what and whefe, O45. 6^.1 19.141,4, 
179.217.221.242,5,7. 300.351,7,8,9.578,9.587,8.41^,7, 
447- 454- $i3» ?• $22. $33- 54^- S. 106,7. (of Trees) 145. rf, 
itfo,5. <ii73>4>5»^j9. 180,1,3. C8.14* 51. 45. 110.124, 
8, 9, W. 57. Places adyantageous to be Fortified, O. ^i. 119, 

120. 394. 

Ftmrty-legs^ infeft, {ecCentipees. 

Fowl, fee Birds. 

X^Su Frandfco^d^O. 131. i6z* its RaiQS, YV. 83. Tides, 95* 
Currents, 107* 

Freffcib,Faftoryat7(m^itfii, 8.15. and Mifltonaries, 93 1099; 
tiieir Intereft at 5i^m, 108, 9. difmifs,d thence, 112. 153. fight 
before F«^/. <ifc9r|e, O. $22, 3. Refugees, where, 552. 547. Ci- 
Tility to the A. 52. bad HHsband^of the W.Jndu Catte], C 98* 
onckiird by a Bullock, i2o« fee B'EfireeSy Petit-Guavrts^ Pri- 
rateers. 

Frefh-water Laeune in Camfeacbjfy d» C. 94. fee VYater* 

Friers, feePriens. 

Friday, the ^tftovter^n Sabbath,0.338. 377. the fame day at 
Mndanaoyig in Europe, ib» 

Frocks, what and i»«here wprn, </.. 0. 327«4o8. J. C 114^ 
Ibid, 119. 

Frogs c^ten, where, S. 2$, 7. 31* 5$* 

Fruits which Birds have peck'd, wholefome, O. 39. but few 
Birds where Fruits and Roots only, and no Grain, 426. what juice 
unripefruits have in both India\ 222. A fmall Ihell-fruit aad 
bttflii d. C. 94. I20. one like a SJoe, S. 12$. Fruits growing wild, 
Q. 258. none in AT* Holland^ 464. fee Annife-berry or fruit, 
Apple, Arek-nut, </. Avogato-pear,^/. Betle leaf, fee Trees, Bo* 
nano, d. Bread-iniit, d. Cacao, d. Cam«chaio, d. Cam<-quit, d^ 
Citioa, </• Coco, </• Coco-plum, d. Durian, d. Grape-tree of Cam'^ 

Ctacbyfd.ofF* C(md«re^d.Bva.rgLtd» Hog-plum»i. jaca,i.Lichea,^ 
imc,d» Maccaw, Maounee, d. wild Mammee, d. Manunee-fappo« 
ta, d. Manchineel, d. Mangaftan,^/. Mango, d. Melon, (Musk, and 
YYater-Jx^elon) i. MeIory^.Mulberry,<rr Orange, ^.Penguin, d* 
rine-AppIe, Plantain, d. Pomegranate, Prickle-pear, d. Pumkin^ 
Pnmplcnofe, SapadiUoi i. Star- Apple, d.YindlOyd. lee Spice. 
Funeral FeaftyjL & $9-9 1|2. Goods buried with the dcad,0. 5 1 7, 

GAion R. Remora or Sucking-fifli near it, Y V. 54. 
Gage's Sunrey of the IV. Indies noted, YV. 94, 5. 
QoUofUf^s IQes, d. 0,99. 100, i, 9. 110. laid in Charts toa^ 



General Index. 

Iicar Ameriea^ O. loa W. 57. Trade-wind brisk thence toHKi^ 
II. Current there, 107. Weather, O.roS* Soil, 109. thelrccs. 
Guano's, Turtle (Land and Sea) and Turtle- grafs and feed. 
Id, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9. their Turtle found at Plata, 160. A good Stage^ 
ivhither,352. 

Galleqns (Spanifh)fee Jrmaday Barlaventa^Fleepj flota. 

Qallera^ I.i.O- i74> 5» 

Qailicia in 5pai», its Courfeand Seas,^0. 423. hot Bloom$ 
there, 530. its bad Beef, and why, S. 91. fee Corunna. 

Gall^ngal, where, & 69. 

G4///0, 1. Timber thence, O. g. 140. Rains there, 25» good 
^nchorage,^53,4. rf. i5p, 

Galliw^fp, ^ poifonous Infeft, d. 'C*6^. 

Gallies 4Q4 Gaily- houfe, what and where, S* 75,7. fee Boats, 
proe*s. 

Gaming, where much us'd, S. 42, Wives and Children gam'd 
fivyay, ib. fee Cbinefcy Tmquinefe* 

Oangdy fee Bang. 

^arachinay point, ^. 0. 174. 193. mifnamMinMaps, ib^ ftroog 
fiord there, 4. 5. its Oyfters, 177. 

Gardens, where and what, O. 118. 221.295. J. $349 5* ^•44) 
5. i5o. 

Garh'ck. where and how us'd, S. 129. 

Garr-fiin,V.Ct7i,2. thcSnout dangerous, i^. - 

Garrifons at Tbff^iim without ports, S.72,4. See Forts. 

^. de l^GoKfosy ctC*i^'y^*2if 

Gcefp, where, O. J4(5. 5. 25. ' ' 

<?eA^0KV, who ^Qd where, O. 507,8. 

F. St* George oxAfaieras^ Conrfc thither, its fine Profpe^,&c. 
?. 178, 9. its BrecieSj'VV. 39. (Iceping there in the oppn* Air, 
why, Ai, 2. its Terreno's, 47^ and ftormy Monfoons, 37. it wants 
^ good Road, ib. A Fight bi^fore it, d. O, $22, 3. Idolatrotts Pro- 
ccflion there, 397. L^wrj, thence,?. 51.' its Mango's, Q. 391, 2. 
|ioc-yi<r fold there, 420. Trade for ^^/<i Tobacco, 307.333. 

P. (jetfr^f'j I. a 275. fee iter/Vf Ifles, 

Giddincfs caus'd by what, 0. 3 1 9. and Dilirium^ S. 1 25. 

Gilded-Rings a Commodity, where, C.H9» fee Bullawan,Gold. 

Gildb h its low Coafts, 0. 42$. 447, Cloyc-lflands near it, ib. 
^e Ternate and Tidere* 

Ginger, where, S, 53. 
* Glafs- Jewels, and Looking-GIafTes valued by /it^4ii/, C119. 
0.23,4. 

Globe of the £arth,its Circuit, 0. 288, 9. 290. Breadth of its 
Oceans and Continents niifreckon'd) ib. A day loft by the A. in 
compafHng it, 375,7. daily increafe of Suns Declination to be 
lUow'd for, 377,8. ^ 

Qotfy almoft. all that reoiaifl^ tp the F^rtvffteft in /mf£ir, S. 1^2. 

ftormy 



General Index. 

» 

ftormy Monfoons there, w.74,5. G^-Arack, what, O. 299. 

G(Mts,whcre,048, $6. 7o,4,$> 6^ ?• 84, (5, 7, 8.1 32,7. 32©.387. 
4o^a4i(5. 419. 422,5. 435,6. 458. 532.545. S.25. 30.127. W.50. 
Jciird by Winds, ib. not kill'dby the Owners, O.429. yet their 
Skins and Mawseaten,f^. 430. Skins dreft,a Commodity, where, 
142, 3. 214. 

6r«4M. of the Bafheesy rf. 0. 385. 422, 5. 

Gold, traded for, 0. 169. 170, 1. 333. S. 61,4.129. 151,2. 
taken by weight aiid little coin'd where, t^2.oi China dxAJafauy 
S. 61,4. Rate ofnt, what and where,6i. 132. 0. 355.GoId Mines, 
Mountains and Rivers^ and Gold gather'd, where, 41. 124. 153, 
8,9. 1^3. 171, 5,8. 193, 4,5. 211.260, 1,6,9.273.307,8.310. 
933.350,1. 387. 513.3.22.61,4. 127,9.133,4. and-perhaps, 
O. 426,&c. fee BuUawan. howgather'd, 133.195. Lumps of it, 
and fo Dug, where, i^. S. 133, 4. Indians and their Padres in- 
rich'dbv it,0. 124. i95.3o8.Gold*Countreysall unhealthy,! 53. 
S. 133,4. Rings,&c. worn, O. 365. 514. fee Buffawan. Gold* 
Image, and Gilded Pagoda,S* 1 52. Gold-fmiths, working, where, 
i3o«i.0. 331, 2.* . . 

Gold'Cttdft of Guinea^ Trials there by Bitter Wateps, S.S.83, its 
Weather, Tides, and Variation, W. 52, 3. fee C. C(frfi. 

Golden L of the SambaUos^ its Turtle, O. 182. Breezes, L. 
W. 36. , 

G%ldtn-Mountain\XiSumatrayd.O. 199. S. 12 1. 133. 

Puk> Gomex,% d. S. 122, 3. 142. 

Gong^ what and where us'd, 0.338. S. 69. 75,7« 

Gongo^z punilhing Inilrument, d. S.79. 

C. LopeT^de Gtmfalvo, fee C. JLope^. 

C, of Good Hope^ fee Hope. 
' Czpt.Goodbtd's Trading in ihcEJndia and to Ciiii4,0. 308.349.' 

Gorgorda^ I. d* 0. 172. very wet, why, W. 85, 6. 

Government, where Arbitrary ( damping laduftry ) O. 326. 
334» 5* (ztTonquin the Chwa and Pageant Bona) S. 42. 66, 8,&c. 
(at Acbin^VLndcr.OrQmliejs, and a Pageant Queen) 141. where no 
Form of it^bur domeftick only, O. 43^2. 465.479. W. 112. fee 
Maiidarin,Prince,Puni(hment> Shaban&r. 

Grafm-h of the BafhetSy d. 0. 385. 42 2',5,6,8,9. 436. 

Grain, fee Corn. Small, in AjticOj fee Millet. , 

Oramadaely anHerb,0.iii. 

R.Gri{i»/e, rapid, 0.42. its Mouth, 43. 

R. Grande de Darien^ fee Dmtn, R. 

Grapes, where and what, O. 532. Grape-tree of. ?• Condore^ d* 
0.392. of Campeacby^d.C ^9. makes mong Coals, 2^.' 

Grafs, what and where, O. 54, 6, 7. 87.112,3; izi. 132.218. 
231% 240. ;^65. 347.406.41^. 426.463.532. S.24. C. 48. ^. 
94* 108. 1 19. W. 109. fet on fire to burn Enemies, 265. to ma- 
nore Groutid, C. 58.. oooe m deep Sas, Q. 393. Silk-grafs,whcre 
afidhdwus'diVT.iio. ^ L •> 3 ] CGratia 



General Index. 

C.(?f4ff4Di>/,it8Trade-w. W. 17. weather, 82. CamatS) 
|oi,2,4^5. itiRirer, fee Cape-R. 

Greanng the Body, where us'd, O. $37. 

Capt. Greeribilis Letters to the A. VV. 49* $;• 

Gripes, where frequent, 0.153. 334* 

Orooper, fee Rock-fiih. 

Groves, what and where, 0,62. 258. S. 24. 44.C. 6. 107. fee 
Woods. IdoI-GroTe, where, 0. 41 1. ^ 

GuiMi (Guabon) L of the Ladronet, its Tides, VV. 96. brisk 
Trade^w. thither, ii. 0. 2S5, 6. its Diftance from Mexico^ va- 
rioufly reckoo'd,aiid how found, 279. 280, 2,3,5 to 8. 290. what 
from Mndanao^ 288. 30^. the Stage of the Acapnloo^Aip, going 
out, 245.283.29c, I. Gnam^d. 290, &c. its fruits, 29 i.fiui and 
IndioMyi^j. their Proe's, d. 298, 9. 300. Hogs, 302. Fort and 
StAnmdty 300, &c« Time reckon d there as ip Europe, 377. 

Guanchgquoy Port to Truxilloy O. 98. 

Guano, tf. and where, O. 57. loi. 177. 212. 2^3. 320. 392*0. 
50, 9. 53. 9^. 1 18, Venenums Beaft like it,0, 32 1 . 392* 

Guards of Princes, what and where, 0. 335. 455, 7« S. 6^. 82. 
Cttard-ihips(Dir^ciir) where and why kept, 1634. I734- 

C. Gardner (jk Oudrdafuji) its winds and weather, W. 2o« 

Guafco^ whence its Timber, O. 140. 

Gkaftcl^mtilp (Guaxacoako) K. d.C. 121,2,3. 

GitathnaU City and Vokan,^/. O. 225. 230. prodnft, 225,7,9. 
Coafthigh, 425. low thence to Crf/i^raJir,!^. Current, VV.108. 

CTtf 4/n/co (Aguatulco) Port,</. itsBuffadore, 0.232,3,9. its 
Tides, 238. VV, 95. T. here once, taken by $ir.Fr.Dr44e,0.2 39. 

Guava, </. and where, O. 222. 2^8.311. S.13, 4. 124. i8i. 
C. 94.107,8. ^ 

FetiP-Guawe {French Tmuga) O. 30, i. 45* 54,5* i92. C. 5}. 

yv.4<5. 

Guaxacdy its Cochineel, 0. 329. 

Gkidquil or VVyakil,Bay, R. andT. d. 0. 147, 9. 150,1,2,^. 
in vain attempted, i53,&c. when taken, i57« Port to Qvi/v^ 
152* its Comnx>dities,ii^. ^o. 9^.140. 152. Rains, I4e« unheal- 
thy, 153. 

LaGuiarty (forto deGuayra) d*0.6^. 185.0. 12^. 

<jM/inr^,Coaft,(^VV.8. 14.80, i. why divided into Lee- and 
yvindward, 15. low and good Anchoring, 6. 42 5* fpouttbefe^ 
Jl. 452, 3. Winds, Weather andCourfe thither and tbence,&c« 
VV. 3. 4. 7. 8. 9. 10, 2, 3, 5, 5, 8* 24. 5,7* 38. 51, 2, 3, 5, ^- to. 
itsHarmatans, d.^p. Currents, what, 51. and when they (hift, 
106,7. HawkS'bill Turtle,0. 105. Hippopotamus, <<.C*ip4^ ^5. 
Palm-wine, 0. 78. 248. Plantains, 315. its Negro's Coal-wck, 
464. greafcthemfelves, 537* Trade for Slaves, 5iQ* Womca^ 
(even the King s)pr6ftitttted, 395, 6« feeC. St^Agm^ old C^ 
Maff R. Oab^ Gold-Coaft^ Laa^o^ €. Ijfex, di ^qf4^« O 



General Index. 

M(Mn$ or Mlferaddj C. Palmate Sberlmo EU and 

Bite of Ouinea^ d. winds and weather,VV.8, i^, i. Current, 51* 

6rKWM-Coro, where, O. 48. W. 110, i. 

Ouifkor or Cod-pepper, Sauce and Pickle of it, O* 395. C. 134. 

GMinM- worms, where, a difeafe, and howctir'd,C. 8p*9o,i. 

Sea-Gulls, where, VV. <,6. 

Gum, fee Cambodid, Dragon, Lack. 

Gumsdeans'd, by what, O. 319. 

Guns, great and finall, where and what, 0. 929. 391; 943* 
& 6p. 70. a Commodity, 6$. C. 41. when dilcharg'd, 0. 949,9. 
954* turning on a Swiyel, 4«o. refts and Covering,S.7 1,9. Sticks, 
0.ii8.Gttn'ppwder,made where and how,S.7o.97. 8, 9. fee Forts. 

Guts eaten, where, O. $98. See Maws. 

GnxjvrafSy Brokers at Acbiih S* i a^* 1 94> 5> 7* 

H. 

R. deUliacba.d.0*^^. itsStock-iifti-wood, C. ^8.tbeGa/« 
leons touch there, 0. 18$. and Barlaventa^kct^C 126. 

Hair of the head, where black, O. f, 92. 44. 170. 297, 92$, ^* 
995.407.427. 454.478. S. 40. 128. Lank or ftrcight, 0.7. 
925,5. 99$. 427. 454. 478. S. 40. Long, O. 297, 926.407464. 
S. 40. 128. Thick, O. 427. S.40. Short, curl'd or crifp*d, O. 
464. 557. W. 108. no. (hortnedto the Ears, O. 427.498.^^CW- 
neje fafliion of it, 407. S. 1 5. and fondnefs for it, 92. fee Chinefe* 
Moft cut ofF, or ihav'd, fee Tartars. Cut olF to prevent FeavOurs, 
0« 186. how tied by Women, 926. 407. C. 1 14. ftuck with (bells, 
O. $98. with Tallow and Feathers, W. in. (hewn, to expreft a 
Multitude, 0. 514. Of the Beard, feefieard. Of the Brows, fee 
Eye-brows. Horfe-hair red worn in Caps^ 419. 

Half-njoon-Proes, d, where, S. 5. 

Ndlkver in Campeachy\ d. C. 1 20. 

Jfji/^, (^C 111,9. • 

Hammocks of Indians^ 065.115. 

Hama^^ its Shrimp-trade, C 127,8* 

Harbours, what and v^re, 0*46.50,6. 76. 99. in, 8,9. I20,5< 
151,2. 176. 185. 199,8. 215,7.221. 292, 9,9* 249, to 7, 9. 
254,6. 921.978. 989,5,7, 8. 990,4. 417. 421.454. 8. 539» 5* 
$• 179. C. 42, 9,4,8. 125,6, 7*^* 95* 74* onwhatCoafts beft^ 
O* 909. and how made, 42 2;, 9, 4, 5. 

Narmatans^ Winds, rf. W. 49. 50. 

Harpoons ct FiCgigs, O. 2. 7. 8. 9. 10. d. 95, 6, 7* 019. 

Harvcft in the Torrid-lone is in the Dry ieafini, VV. 8 1. Two - 
•o a year, S. 25. depends on the Annual Rains and Fk)ods, 97,8^ 
fteftice. 

Hats, what and where, made, 0.150. vAm, Q» 114. S. 49. t 
Commodity 90. 76. ii$. C. Ho. lao.. 

Hatchets^ 



vjenerai inaexi 

Hatchets, wilit and where, S. 131, tSi.a Commodity, where; 
Ck 41. 119. Stohc-hatchets, <^. and where, O. 8$. 455. fee Axe* 

^tfvtfJwtf in C«5rf, its Plantains, 0,3 1 3. touched at,i85.C. 126. 

Havens, fee Harbours. 

Hautboys us'd in Churches, C. 11$. 

Heads, people of Little, G. 325. Great, 4^4. us'd to be bare, 
407. 427. S. 49. a puniihmeot, 79. fee Caps, Hair, Hats, Tur- 
bans, Head-ach,frequent, where, O. i $3. 

Healthy places and Unhealthy, O. 153. 297i^* fee Air, Difa 
eafe^ wetfeafon, unhealthy, 297, 8. Wet places to people of 
Dry, iZ6. 

Htan T. Province, Trade, &c. d. S, 14, $, 6, 9, 20, i, 5. 49.95* 
Pafrage-boattoC^i!^4o,99. loo. 

Heat, what and where, S. 32,3, 4. 149. how Indians life in 
Hot Climates, O. 542, 

Hedges, what and where, p. 29^. ^4. S. 45. 

SanSd Hellenuy I. a baiting-place, V V, 4. healthy but poor» 
S. 1 1 1, 2^ deep Sea, and high Coaft,0423. d. •544>5« its change 
of Mafters, ProduA, Inhabitants, Englifh VYoHicn,&c. 54$5^i7»8. 

Point 54n^4 ffelUna, and Village, i. 0« 1 33, 4« its PfoduA^ $9. 

Hcmpi where, 0. 2 18, 9. 223. 
. Hcns^ (Dunghill fowl) fee Poultry. 

Herbs, where, O. 532. Salladc,S-i2, 22, 3, 30,45. nd^^ Medi- 
cinal, O. 92. 334. S. 22, 3. 125. dcvour'dbyLocufts, 0.430. fee 
Bur, Gramadael, Grafs, Mbfs, Purflain, Thiftlesr 

Herons, d. and where, C. 69. 70. S- 26. 
- Hides, howdreft, C88. a Commodity, 110. O^ ii$. i$2« 
worn, W. 1 1 1. feeSkins, Leather, Bark. 

iSlanoonsyMindanaianSythtiT Proe's, Mifles,&c. O. 325*3$3« 

Hills ragged,0. 2 $ i. fee Mark^ Mountain, Soil and 

Hina-hUli dn C. 44. 

Ittppop9tamus^ RivcrtOr Sea-horfe,of Lo/«f^(^ d. G. 104, 5,' 6. of 
of Natal^ a, 104, 6, 7# VV. 109. of C, Good HofCy d. Q. 103, 4. 

Hifpaniola, its Storms, VV.44, $. do. C\irrents, loi. Savan" 
nahs, O. 87. Anatta and Indico, 227. Orange^groves, C. 6. di- 
vided between French and Spamards^ 192. fee C. Alta Vela > 
Petit'Guavres. 

Hives for Bees, what and where, C 1 12« 

Hockiing of Beeves, d. and whcre^C. 9$».7, d* Hockfing^ron,- 
rf.97. 

Hoc-flfu^ its Jars, &c. whdre fold, O* 419.420. S. 137. 

Hoe*s,a Commodity, where, C. 1194 fee Plantations. 

Hogs, what and where, 0. 9. 62. 76. 141. idd,7, 8. I7d.i85. 
200.240. 302.320, 343, 4» 379- 382, 7. 392,7. 405. 410, I, 9< 
425.435, 6, 7. 480, 9. 532. 54$, 6. S. 2$. 123,7. i8i.C.30,f,2^ 
l>4»<^»7' 9^' 128. (eating fiftiy, a.) VV. 109. food for them, 
0. 166. and Decoys of theoi| i^. the VV. Indies bow flock'd 
i, - with 



General tndex^ 

with them, C 98. not kill'd.nor the Gnts medled with, whefd 
0.429. ctten raw, S.)o. Hog-farms, fee Crauls. China-hogs! 
d. 0. 43(5. nmch mcazlcd,i^. how abhorred by Mab^mtUns^'i/L^M 
490. $ 1 5 • &e Pecary, Warree. ^ "^ 

J£tg-mc^J. 0. 475* others near it, ib. 

Hog- plum-tree a fruit, d. and where, 0. 123. 

J^w- Hollatid^ redkon'd too far to the E. O. 2S9. and to the N; 
452. its Lat. to be kept, by what Ships, 289. how to be coailed', 
§$i. Difcofcries to be tnade,352« ^ogerous Shoal near it,4<5 1,2' 
Coaft, d. 4^3,3. Tides, 462, 9. W. ^^. Manatee and Turtle, 
%> O. 9 3. 449. 453, 4. Vegetables and Animals, 4<52, 3. trouble^ fc 

fomc Flics, 464; The forry Inhabitants, d. 454, &c. 48 5^ fub- 
fiftence,4<55. weapon?, 4d<5. fear of Strangers, 457. difeftccmj 
ofCkMth^&c 4^0. awkardnersatwork,greedinef8,incuriofity^ 
13- fear of Guns, 469. greafing themfclycs, $37. penury, 464,$,drf 
485. greater than the /forre«^#^f, 464. 

Honduras, Bay, low Coaft thence to SaiSa Martha^ 0. 424. 
wet, 230. Breezes,W. 34* Hawks-biil Turtle, O. 104. and Gr^en^ 
105. Ambergriefc found, 73. CAfn^ Roots, 409. Mountain-Cow^ 
C 103. Logwood and Logwood-cutting, lo. 53. O. 449. 4501 
firft. Trading of Englifh there, 227. 

Hooey, ivhere, O. 78* 371. C« 112, 3. fee Bees. 

Hooks and Lines, lifting, S. 28. 131. C. 12.31, 4. 

Hoops, ct Wrift-bandi of Silver, O. 355.of GoJd, 514, 

CofCro»rfir<9]>e,fearon of doubling it, 0. 527. and courfe td 
doit) 531. cold Winds there, why, 529. 530. Trade-wifids, 
IV. 1 9. Breezes, 24. not the neareH way to the Eaftern Indies^ 
O. 331. touching there, 531* fignsofbeing near it, f^. Coaft and 
Profpeft, 530, V Table-land and Harbour, ib. 535. Dutch Settle- 
ments and French Refugees, 53i)2i Produ^, 532,3. Dutch 
Fort, Ti and Garden, d. 533, 4, 5. Provifion and Taxes, ib. Hi^ 
ff^anmsy d. C 103,4. Negro's, fee N§ttentots. 

Horizon, Qouds thefe, how and of What, a (igo, fee Qlo^dsj 
The Dawn high or tow, prefages foch Winds, 0. 498^ 

Horns of Spiders, Pickers for Teeth, and Tobacco-pipes^ 0^4. 

Horfci,wbere,CX48.ii5.2$3i4,59S,9«2^5»9. 270, 1.320,3874 
532. S. 25.47. ^* ^9' 127* 1 34* ^* 52>9« 102. None, O. 22 3K 
eaten, 359. S. 30, i. Horfe-Idoh, 5^, 7. 91. 0. 39^. 

Horfeihodf , a Shdl-fifli, if. C. 44, 5* 

Hofpital, where, 0. 2 2 1 . 

H$iteMt§tSy or Hidmad^ds^ of M^t^matapOy d.0. 53^ to 542. 
their Make <nd HsMt, 537»d^ Houles,4<^4. 5)9. food, barteridi;, 
and way of Living, 464. 540, 1, 2» Danciogat N* and FuUMqoo, 
^i* W. $5« their Ncighboiirs, 198, &c. 

Houfes, whitaod where^ 0. 1 39. 140. 300. 322,8,9. 330,5,^,7. 
3d5..387. 410.417. 428.457-479. 539- S. 12, 3. 43,4, 5*^5 7,8« 
934.C.ii5«i27<ilo« None, 0.4^4,5,7. W. io8. Duck-houfes, 



Kjemrai maex. 

S. 2$, 6. Galley houfcs, i. 77. fee Floors, Pofts, Roofs» Wadfs, 
Windows, HouiholdftufF, S. 4^. 95. 129. igi. W. iia. * 

Hudfons Bay, not bed way to feck a N, W. Paffagc, 0. 275. 

Humming-Bird, ^. C. 6$, 5^ 

Hunting, where and how, O. 354* ^> 7» 8,9. C.3}, 4, 5. (in 
a Canoa, </.) 81, 5, 4, 5, 6. W, i lo, i. .little, S. 25. fee Beeyes, 
Deer, Hogs. 

Hurricans, whatand where, W« 60, $4 d* 68,9. 70^192. Clouds 
jirefaging them, i. 7 1 . 

Husband^men, and Husbandry, where and what, O. 2^9. 416* 
S. 130. 182, W. 110. by burning of Grals,C 58. of Cattel, 98- 
'^ fee Harvefti Plantations, Plowing, Rice. 



J 



J. 
Acd (Jack) tree and frnit, </.afid where, 0.320. S. 124.181 

Jaccals, where, 0.240. 

Jackets, what and where, O. A2f • S.43. 1^114* 

Subtle- Jacks, Birds, i. and their Nefts, C 6 5, 8^ 9. 

St.Joip^ I. of theCrer/f, d. 6- 1^^ 7- 

Sujago R. in iWfxi;^, </.Oi 2^7, 8. the T. 270. 

St. Jago R. in Feru^ d. 0. 1^3,4. 

7/27;r^/<:4, Coans5</.W.3i,2, 5,^. 83,4,101. Sarannahs and 
Mountains, 83,4. 0. 87. C. 7. 8. 98. its Breezes, 28 to 32.45. 
Weather, 8^, 4. Storms, 60, $,8. Currents, io|. Coarfe to or 
from it, 18,9 39.40. 62.106. beflBoats, 31. Trading aliout 
ft,C. 8. 9. Salt'petre^arth, 7.8. Cattle whence and how nia« 
nag'd, 98. and what it owes to the Spaniards^ ib. O.^o. 203, 4* 
224. Centipce's, 326. Veg^ables, Trade,&c. do, 4. 118. 12^. 
2034. 222,6,7,8. 296. 314. 409W C.7. 8. 9.' neglefted, 0. 204. 
2^7. Fi(h,33. 104. 249. Nets for Turtle, d. 39$. whcrt taken, 
1V* 36. price of Slaves, 184. fleeping in open Air, W. 41, 2. 
Frenci Squadron there, 45. fee Blemfields^ Blev^ Mountain,Mon* 
te Diabob^ Legamy^ Point Uegrily Point FedrOy ForUKo/al. 

Jfamfyy its Pepper, S. 182. 

, fapatij ftore of good Tea there, 0. 409, Soy thence, S.28. its 
Gold pure,'<5i. 127. Lacquer-ware, 6u i^i. Camphire refin'd 
there, 126. Trade thither, what, 15* rich, and how tobc fetkd, 
102, 3«ii7. O. 394. Monfoons,W. 21. 

Jars, d. 0, 196,7. 419. 420. 434, ^ S. $8, 9. !•$. 14^. 

J^ava^ I. highCoaft, O.425. an I. off it, d. 472, 3. anointing 
usM there, 537. Maiming, S. 139. Trade, $. Pepper, 182. en» 
^roft by the D«^c&, I [6. Fruit like a Sloe, 125. MaUjan fpoken 
there, O. 394. Counter-winds in Streights to the £. of it, 3$!. 
5treights of 5iriN^, 3^94. fccBanti^^ Ba$a%na. 

Idolatry, fee Altars, Feafts,GroreS| Images, Incenfir, Lampi, 
Paper, Proceifions, Sacrifices, Temples, Toreties, and 

iddi, where and what^O. 39^, 7* 400. 41 1| a* St 5^17, 8. 152. 



General \ndeXf 

feoljf the Painted Prince, &C.0. 3$o. 511, 3,4,$,^,7. $29. $4^; 

7«»>-fiih, rf* and where, 0. 249. 2 59. 277. falted, 277, 9. 

Jibore ilhor) R. and Kingdom, d. S. 4. its Half- Moon- Ff pes, </♦ 
and Trade, 5. i $9* 1^4. Malayan Natires, 128, 

Images, fee V. Mary^ Saints. 

Incenfe,^ where us'd in Sacrifice, S. $8^ 

Indies and Indians^ Genera^ Obf^nrations of them, O. 222/ 
244, 5, 6. 296. 435, 4. 466. $14. 542. S." 45. n5, 7, 128. I7d, 
C 6. W.41, 2. 74. 

£ail-/ff^i^, Coafts, 0. 42$. Produft, 174. 31$. 987. g^r. 518* 
InHanSy E* Habit, Kiages, State, &c. 295, 5,7. 3Q9. 328. 348* ^ 

380,3, 7. 391, 4, $, 433>4- 455, ^, P* 537- & J3- M- 37>^' 
40,2. ^4* 112. 129* 139. 142, 3. 153. 1^4. 

Eafl-Jndian Octzn^ its breadth, O. 289* difcoyered by Sea, 
530.5. idi. how to be further difcovcr'd, O. 331, 2. Courfe to 
and from, $3 1. $49. W. 3. 7* 8. 18,9, 22, 3, 4, $. Baiting-places, 
4.0. 527. $31. Winds and Weather, 3p(5. W, 3.4.7. 11, 7, 9. 
20 to 7. 39.47,8. Storms, ^o. Tides, 97. Currents, 107. Fi(h. 
O. 90. io5.. 174. '449. fee Aracan, Boo or Boupaiiy Bajhee iQands, 
Bengal, Bputan,!. CamkcSa, Champa, Cehb^Syfieylonjifhinai Co-,, 
chincbind^ P. Condore, Coromandel^ Formofdi J^ap^n^ T^v^, La- 
dronesyAfalabatf Afal^cca and Malayi^n^ AfeangiSy Nicobar^ Omb^^ 
Ffntare, FcgUy Philippine Ifles, Pifcadores^ PraccI, Prata^ Siam^ 
Spice-Iflands , Sumatra, Timor, Tonquin, P. Vhy. E. India Voyage 
(jblaniusi) noted, S, i ^ §• 

Wcfi'-Indiesyfyvsi^ioot from it, W. 9. i8. 24,$. 39. 40. $3. \ 

VVinds ^nd yVcather, I7>^4, 7. 102. 5eafon of Sugar-making, 
8j, 2. Storips, 6p. p. 4$i. Tides, VV. 97. Currents, iqi, i, 4, 
5^ ^. (<hange there, O. 58. Produftions, 34. 87. 91 . 10 1, 2, 3, 4* 
204. ^i^, ^22,7. 313, 4,$. 320. 425. 453, 4* S. 24. C. ^^* In- 
dianSyVY. their Habit, Stage, Management, tirages,&c. 0.7,&c. 
12,398,9.20,1, 3,4. 31,2,8.41,3, 4. 113,4. ^23, 4,7»8. 
134, 141.4,5,^,9, 153,4, 7. 163, 7, 8,9, 170. 181,2, 3, 4. 191,4, 
5,8. 218.229. 233,4,5.249.250,1,7,8,9/254,5,5.^272,3. 
309.484,5, <5.533»9«C. 31.42,3, d. 94, 5* "o to 124,7,8. 
1 3 1 .fee AmericayAtlanticl^^ Sea. See St. Andre asy ArubayAves^ BlancHf 
Bocca del Drag9i Bocca-Toroy Bmairyi Campeachyy Caraccos^Caribbe^ 
Cartagena, ComanayCoqmbocoay Corny h Cubay Currafao (Cluerifao) 
Varieny Grande R. Guiare j (^Guayra) Flmday R. la Hacba^ 
NiffofdoUy HonduraSy Jamaicay ifthmHSy Jncatany Maracaybo^ Mat" 
g^ta^ SanUa Hartboy Mexico Gulph, Mosl^poSy Hjcarapidy Pearh 
IjSsy Madre dePopdy C$JlaR^cay Porto Ric9y Provideacey C Romany 
Sambalo*Sy Scuda, Tortuga^ Triiddaday C. la Vela^ VenexneUi 
Verina. 

Indian-Corny leeMaiz^ ^ 

Indieo,!^. where, and howmade, Q« 225,^^ (priceof it) 227^ 

hifat^t in Sumafrot O. 511, 2, 3. its Peppcri S. 182. 

1^ C 2 J Indraugbt<t 



1 ik^v/*(/^ w» iV**w'^** 

Indraught'Lzni, what the Dutcb call fo, O. aSp* 

Infefts, a poifonous oae,i. 6. 321* fee Ants» Bees, BeeQes, 
(jentipees, Cochinecl, Land-Crabs, FIie*s, Frogs,Ga01wafps,(}Ba- 
no's, tizaMs, Locufts, Mageots, Moskito's or Goats, Scorpioas> 
gnakcs, .Soldiers, Spiders, Toadi, Wood- Lice or White- Ants. 

Inflrament-Cafes, coverings for them, C 73* 

St. ]fohns L by China^ d. its Animals, Rice, Inhabitants, HouGes, 
Husbandry, O. ^06 to 410. Bel) Idol) and Temple, 41 1,2. Ship- 
ping, 412,?. 

St. ^qbn I. of the Phiiifpine*s^ i. Q. 905, 8, 9; 384. 442, ;• 

Capt. jfohnfins Murderi S. i 10, &ۥ 

Jonks, of Ayoam, d. 5. 3. 9./ of the Chlnefs^ 1 35. fee Ctintpt* 

Irifh Beef, a Commodity, O. $3. Men, 388. C 77, 8. 

Iron, how wrought by the Mosldttfs^ 0. 43, 5. where Bolic, 
464,5. wild //idff^n^ have not the ufeof it,85. its value a090t^ 
them, and how and where a Commodity, 1 2,3,8. 23. 355. 360, 3. 
371. 431,4,5,8,9.$. 167. 0.iio,9.undcrftood& wrought where, 
Q. 429. 432. Iron Rings made, W.i 11. fee Axes,GQns,HatchetS| 
Hockfing-Iron, Hoes, Knives, Macheats, Needles, Saws, StiRars> 
Wedges. 

Iflands, ranges of th<?m have bcft Lalid-Bteexcf, W. 34, ^. re- 
mote from the Continent have (mall Tides, 9it $,6. Klaiiills 
^nonymonsy in the B« .of ?andmdy 0. 175, 6, 7,8. 188.! 19^. irf 
Spict,3i7. fee Spice, near Seho^ with Canes, d, 379. 380* The 
five-Iflands^ fee B4[/ibe^ 

Jfpaban^ Merchants fpcnd the Hot Seafon there, W. 480 

Jflhmus of America or Darien, its Breezes on^he N. W. 29. 
Cedars, O 29. Mountain Cow, C. 103. itsJa/f/iffX,0.i2,3,4,$,8. 
to 24. 40. 182. Enemies to thofe of theR.P4rfen,4i» a&eceipt 
of theirs, 449. Intercourfe with the Engtifh^ and how began, 2 2. 
1 80 to 4. 261. and Privateers croffing the Ifthmusy Intr. ni. i r , 
to 24. 191,6,7. fhortcft Pa(rage,23.Soii,i8« CroiTeSttft. Maid 
Ridge, 22. for particular places, d* fee the Mn>,0^ i. 

Jucatan (Tuc'atan) Coafh, Rivers, Towns, &C. rfw C p td 16, 
^i,2. and Winds, VV. 32,3. Weather,82.Cnrrents,|05. Look- 
outs, C. 13, 4, §• Soil, 14,$. Sak-pctr^, 11. Salt-ponds, 14; 
Tirade,!©,!. Vegetables, 10,1,2,4,6. 57.F0WI and Deer, 1$. Indians 
Watchmen,! 3, 4. Fi(hermen,Fifll, Fllhing-BanksaBdTowiis,i2, 
2^4)5* go in fuol^ Canoas, 12. &)aaiard$, 1 1,$. Privateers there, 
J I, ^, 5. For particular places, / ibe tbeM4>»^r i* 
Port Stw Jnft'^n, its Oyitcrs,0. 177. 
Juftice, by agreement, O- 432.corrupt< S^jt. amicajblei ih* no 
Courts of it» Appeal^ nor Pelay, 80. Juft Set-ineii, x 17* 

KRYS or Iflands, fee of C«^^ Hiibi, 
Kfybooc/u fee Caihm^. 



V ■ ^ 






Kings, ite'Pthcc^ KingS'Jflandsj fee PearUlflands^ 

Kittmfimg9y the HipfofotamHS fo caffd, C. 105. 

Knivcs» a Onmnodityi Cj^uu^. Taiued by lndians,0. 13.23 

L. 

LAck, (Lacque) for JapMningy what, and where, SL 22, 4, 5.- 
rf. 61,2. 105. a Commodity,!^. O* 4oorlackcr-ware»what* 
and where made, 409. $.24. 41. 54* ^o« i/. 61,2. 71, 4. 

Ladder$,howandwheretts'd, 0.151428,9. ittOonio. 

Ladles made of G)co*nut (hell,^0.2^4. 

Ladr^ne Iflci, Situation and Winds, 0.297,8,9.300. fee Gf^^joft 

Lagunes or Salt-water Lakes, 0.241,2. 2^2,4. moft fifh* 
241, 3.2^, 5- «»* L-BrcczeSf W. 34, 5, 6. and Tides, 91,2,3* 
ittTermintt* . * 

Lamps borning, before Idols, 0. 39^, 7. 41 2. 

Lances, where iisM,0. 117. 337* 400. 432,^4^5, 7, p. S. 72, 6. 
1 12. 175, Lance-wood^ ^. where foand,afkl ufes of it, 0. 1 18. 

. Land, how known to be nigh, fee Cloads. See Bays, Capes, 
Cqafts, Maries, Mountains, Rocks, Soil. Landing, bad, O* 75*231, 
2,9.247.251,3,4. 2^2,4,7. 422,3,4,5. C. 107. U8. 123. good, 
48.0. 133. 169.233. 258. 264.422, 3,4,5, Land difcoverd b]^' 
CaptD^w, 352. / .' • 

] Languages, what and where fpbken, O. 330, i* 431. fee Ata- 
Bid^^ Chinefe^ )^aUjiaiif Msanpan^ nU^finey Sfmjhy TwiHtnejfe. 
Words of feverii, fee Words. 
. £40x1 Kingdom, S. 1 8. 2 1« 

Lafcdfs^ poor £. Indian Sea-men, S. it 2. 

Latitudes^ byObfervat'mfi.BZy^^iiO' 28;,5,5,7. 421. 453 474* 
494* by Reckoning,€rroneous,t88,9.29o. the /^. in 60. SLat. 83. 

Lavelioyd, 0. 176.211. Commodities, i86.Ii/ir4Ficetihdter 
there, 200, i,8. ■ .. 

JUjd Laupy who, 336. his Charafter, Family, Expcditions,&c« 
3J^>7A9«344*356,7-366,7,8. Intcrcourfe between hitti^ and. 

the Ef^My^t6, 849-B53>4.<^,7,«,p. 34!;MA73.9-370444j5A 
; ' Laws, Aodied, 5.38. f&ift,t38. fee Rre, Govemmcntjuftice^ 
Punifflinieiit. , ' • 

Lead, a Commodity, where,0. 360, 3. 435. S» 6$. 
^ Leaming,what and where, 0. 330, i..S-5^. 60. «i. 1 37. 

Leather, feeGoats-skins.' v 

Leeward IJIands^ theCaribhey why call'ilfo, W. 15. feeCrwiifrf. 

Leg8,how fwath'd, and why, O. 32. how broken,5.77. clog*d» 
78. people going ba^-Ieg'd, 43. O. 326.480. 456. fijting crofts 

fcg'<t529- 
Legamjfy Legani4,infamaicayW» 26.2^. k 

Lempa R. Boundary of the Spanifh Trade, 8cc. O. 225. I 

|>0B, <>, 215. _^fort, ;2t5. fee BjeaUjif* ,Qrcck, 217. CSty 1 



and Countrey, i. 2i8. taken, 217, 8. and burnt, 219* 
J^eprofy, where and what, 0. 297. 334. S. 14. 6Z. Antidote, 

Letters^ Sfanijh, intercepted, O. 171. 180.200, i. Englifk^ 
3$5i ^« 3 A Communicated to the Author, C 103, 5« W. 49* 

53.4>7. 

' leydetif Skin of an /ffpfw^feimxf there, C. 103, 4« 
* Libby tree, and its Sago; J, and wh^re, O.^io, i. 
Lice, ^ff^roV and -forfwrti fubjeft to them, 0,$38,9« Wood-* 
lice, S. 127. 
Lichea tree and fruit, S. 23. <f. 24* 

Xightning frightful, O. 131. 225.322. 414. 4f 9.1i45* W'.52. 
M* fee Thunder, Torifadoe's. A Light inScorms,feeCor^494ii^« 
Lignum Alois^ and AguaU wood, where, S. 8. 
illm4, its Trade, Fleet, Courfe toandfro,&c.0. 135,8.142, 3. 
^ 171, 9. 180,4, 5- ^00, 1, 6, 7, 8,9. W. 40. Ship and Cargo to 
' and fromActtpulcOy O. 243 to 7. 
r Limbs, people of good, W. 1 10.O.7. 170. 478. (Irongand large, 

^ P«297. lon^, 454. clean, S. 40. C. ii$« (mail, 32$, 7. 464. 

! (and thin bodies) 537, fee Feet, Heads, Legs. See Shape, Stature* 

' Lime 6r PlaiUefiog on Walls, where, 0. 14c. made, ib» 398* 

I otherufeofit,i^. 

Lim<;, phew'd, O. 3/8, 9. S. $4, $. fee Arek, Betle, Chinam* 
pme-tree and fruit, C 94. 5. 23. i. 24. 43. 124. i. l8|,' 
Oi 2$8. 291,6. hedges of it, ib. ' Lime-juice, ib, 5 1 3.' 
Limpits, ^. and where, O. 64. 176. 393. 
Ltncbancbey T. and Look-out, C 14, 
Line^for Fifliing, fee HooKSf 
The lin^, fee Equator. 
Lions, where, W. 109, 
Sea-Lions, d. and where, 0. 90, i. 547* 
Lion'Lizard,^/. C. 50. < 

pjpsy full and thick, where, O. .32. 537^ thin and red, 325. S« 
1 2 p. h({w died fo, O. 319. well proportioned and graceful, S. 40. 
wlthTortoife-lhcU hanging in them, O. 32. made fcabby by a 
Wind, 53. 
Lirer!, how affefted by Poifon, O. 398. 
Lizards, whefe,'Q. 320. 392* S. 127. i8i.C. $0, 9* Lion-Liz, 
rf. 50. ' "■ . • ' ' 

pangoy Coailai^ City, W. $$• Courfe to and fron; it^ibf $6/1* 
Current, 167. its f^ppototAtnusy <L C. 104, 5, ^* , 
' 1. Labo^de la Mar ^ d.O. 9($, 7. its Provifion, ih. 145. 159. 
L Lobas de la Terra^ O. 96. d. 14$, 6. its Birds and K^, i $9. 
I Locufts, d. and where, ^nd how e iten, 0. 430. i« S. 26^ 7, ^ 
The Lo^ forwarded or retarded by Currents, Q. 29a 
Logwood, how it grows,^ C. 5^17. and where,io.47«5i|3,7, 79. 
r ^3/^4* none, 44; bow order'd, 179 8. 57; 8oV maJcesgood 

■ ^ " ' • ' Coals, 



Kjenerai maex. 

Coals, $7* Tree like it, where, 58. fee ^lood* wood. Cam* wbod, 
4?/ijj><«i-w6od- tts trade and Rates, VV. 40. C 17,84^,7. 82,3,7. 
8,9. 80, 1,2. (profitable to England) 131. Logwood-^utterii, 
where and who, way of Living, Working, Trade, &c. O, Intr. 
11.449. 45O' C. 10,2,7,8 41.3, $ to 8. 51 to 4. 55, 86 to 3, J 
109.91, 5,6. 128^9. 

loggerhead Key, in Campeachf^ G. io« 

Capt. Longs Shipwreck, C. 27, 8. 

Longitudes, computed,©. ^8.256, 285,6,8. 472. ariufs^ 288,9. 
296. 377. 

Look-outs, or vVatch kept, tvhere, O. 28*63. i49«iio,4# 

C i3,4>5. ^ . . 

C.Upex, dt Gwfalvo^^ct^ VV. 80,1. Winds, i6.5i,3.filh,54. 

PortofJMi<rrin£ope^, 0. 12$. 

C. St. LoreiKca,(St. LaurenceM). 7. 135. rf. (mifcaU'd in Maps) 
193. its Current, VV. 107. no Land- Breezes, 33. 

C. St. LuctHiTk Califorfda^ O. 24$. ^72, 5. vttCalifmAa. 

I. SanOa Lucia^ ravag'd by the Caribbe'IndianSf C.4. 5* 0.48$; 

iMcotday L Spanilh Trade, ,&c. <^. 0. 307. 383, 4, 7. Profpieftt 
J85. Winds, 383, 9. Gold, 387. Iron, 431. Indians^^^^t^j* 
fee Acafulc^-Shipy ManiHoy Pangalanam* luaodsN. o(;t, 442. 

M. 

MAcao in Chm^, free Port,Goyernment,&c. d. O.41 8. S. 107. 
Afacajfer in Celebes^ d. 0. 447. Slare-Trade, 456. ^h^ 
gaffes 9 S. io8. 

Macaw tree and berry, where, 0. 2d. C. 109* 

Maccaw Bird^ where, S. 128. 

Macheats or Long-knives, where valued, 0. 13. C. 41. 119* 

Sfanl/h Maekril, d. Cjiyi. 

Madagafcatl' ( St. Laurence ) ]tsLtnd-Tortoife,0. 102^ quar- 
relling Negro's , and fale of them, 501. , Shij^wrecks, $ t i. W. 1094 
Winds, 19. Sucking*fi(h, $4. us'd for catching other fi(h, no. 

Ataderafsi its fine Profpcd,S. 179. fee F. St, George. 

Magellan iiilYd^tLuconiay 0.^07. 

Str. of Magellan^ O. 80, 4. Seals there, 90. 

Maggots in Fruit, 0. 123. 

MagueUa Valley, if. 0. 251. 

Maho tree and bark, Cordage of it^ 0. 37. and Cloth, W. iio. 

Afabmetanifmy where and how, 0.325. 331, 8.454.490. S.^4 
128. 137, 8. 180, 1. W. 55. fee Circurocifion, Hogs, Mofque^ 
Prayers, Ramdam, Sabbath, Wafhings. 

Lt MaVs Strcights, rf. 0. 8 f , 2. 

Maiz or Jfldfftfn-Corn, where, O. 12,9. 48. 59. 122,3.14') 
151,9.1^7*176.240,4.259.260,5,^,8,9. 270,1,9. 281,2. 

C* ii}> 9« I28f none, Ot426.433* ^ Or^ifl ^f the W. Inditi^ 

and 






General index. ♦ 

tnd fiiiq;K>rt of Birds there> 42^. where a Cbmmodity^i^ C^e^ 
And Prink of it, i. C. 4§* 11^4* 

MaUhar^ Famines there, and feIlitig,Ch]I(Iren»^}7^8* 50. befi 
Pepper* 182. its Storms, W. 4S-74> Weather, 8^ 

Afalahrii$f O. 2of • 

Malacca^ Streights^ a great Thorough-fair, O. 994. ^ci. 
S. 3. 4. dangerous for Iflaodsand Sholes, O. 43^ S. 4. 5. loS, 9. 
179, 1, its Wiiids,OL 35i« W.20, i. Tides, 99. Dirfci Gucrd- 
^ipi there, S.i63,4,5« i79}4*Oit-fiQi, i7i.0.i49.fec P.ilri^ 
Breiverx Streights^ P. iDfiu%, P. iiTa^/ve, p« Oiv, Sincaf§n 
Streights, P. Timaon^ P. ^^(rrero. Sec Sumatra^ and 

^ir/<icc4 Cojrfl and Pfom. &4.I0W, 158,9. i76,i.itsfruit>;Blec. 
Itfa. 181,2. \ifc of Oil, O. 537. fee Jiborcy t.Parfakrc^ Ssfda^ 

Malacca Tovm^ touch'd at, S* 4. i^^. i^^4* narboiir,i55,x7o< 
TideSyW. 99. Pilots S.4* F«rts, change of Mailers, Markets, 
Tra4e,&.c tLiiiy$. 159 to 168.174* 0.400* Sloops, ^$.5. 
ijo, X. fee Die^d^, its Toiq^ue, O.394. lee 

MaU^n Language, how and where ^ken, 0. 330. (tbe Lht 
^4 iFrtfRC4 of the Raft) 394>^^« 444* 4^4- 5i3s4>5- S* 128. 13a. 
171. a fmooth Tongue, $9. wherelearnt for Trade,&c. 0.395,8. 
513, $. not, S. $9* wHcre theTulgar Tongue, 0.394.454.5i3^5. 
S. 128. i8i. the Ba/hean unlike it, Q. 43i.and Nicobariani^yf. 
yet a few words of it, 2^» 482. £De 

Malayans (of Malacca^ SumatrayScc.) their Vefielsfullofmea, 
0. 401,2. their Arms, 401. £• 176.184. fight not in the Raiiiyi76. 
bold and defpf rate, 0*400,1. S.108. 114. 165. 171, 3,596,7. i8t. 
haughty, 128. Treacherous, 113.181. 0^402. Frays with them, 
400, 1. $18,9. S« 110 to 115. 175,6,184. their A4;4i'/ abiis'd,f^. 
. love Trade,' 1 17. 165, 6,7. civiliz'd by it, but aw'd by the Ihttcbf 
115,7,8^ 1^3, 4,5* 173»4> !i« i^i. fee Duub^ Indtam. Their 
£B^loynients,i8i,2. love Opium, 166. andCock-fightiog|iS4« 
have Hottfeson Pofts, i8o. fee Houfcst Floors* 
Maldive Ifles, CQC(>Cordage tbere^ 0. 294, ];• 
Mammee-tree and fruit, ^, and where, Q. 18718. lou ijd. 
187* 202. 
Wild Mammee,^. 0. 202. 
Mammee-fappota^i/. and where^ O. 203,4. 
^Manof War, Bird, d. and where, 0.49. I32«4^3«& ^3$4* 
(their Policy) 5, 6. 45. 6^. 109. 
Man of War LaffmefinCampeacby^ C. 92, 3,4. «ai. 
Manatee, (/. and where, 0.2.9. ^ 3B» 49 5) (how taken) 6^7, 
4i.(fmall) 381. (ftiy) 463,9.547. 0.73. 109.128. tbongis of 
the skin, 35* quick of hearing,37« but not of ^ty4f4» Mttttee- 
grafs4^. 34* C. 109. a fmaller ifreflhwater Manatee,. A ifr« the 
Mbidmiavm left than the V V. Indian^ O. 32 1 . fee mnkjuTs. 

Ifaiichineel,tree and Ifruit poifonous, d* and where, O. 39. 40^ 
^ 3h 3' Jtwularins 






MttMrhs pt NobUity KyfT^nquin^ their Powcr» Statt, Mm- 
nctSy^c. 5,-16. 29. 42. 50, 1, 2. ( 91, 2. ) $8. 6p, j6. So. Eu- 

Miimeriih and T. 1/. 0. 122, 5. 

Maflgajflfio tree and frvit, i/. atid where, S. 124, 5. iSr. 

Mango tree and fruk,!!^. and where, O. 391, 2- S. 23. 124.' 
153* 181. fHango-Achar or Piclile^O. 309, 391 

Mango-vplucre) Bird, where and what, O* 531. 

Mangrpre trees and their kinds, (white, black, red,) and Man- • 
gr<^e-iand, d, and where, O. 52. d. 54, $. H2. 119. 150, i, 5,5. 
194. 217. 221, 254. S.I24, C. 11,2,4,^,7,8. 30,1,2*49.$!, 2, 
3A^4« 107- 1*^' W.35.^3,5. Oyflers growing to their Roots, 
17. 

MmiHaT. Harbour, Shipping there, and Trade, d. 0. 24$, 6. 
3^1,2,3. 382,7,8. (P. CWore, a good Stage to it, fee Guam) 
35^.40$,^. fc. 121, 2, 5* fee AcapMi€9S\ifip. Profpcft of the 
Coaft,Atofi74threatned bv the Ci^e/ep.3 31. their Faiftors there 
and Gaming, 410. an Iri/n man fettled tiicre^ 388. fee Spanisrds* 
Manilla' Tobacco, fee Tobacoo* 

Manners of People, Moral Qialities^cc. what and where,-—' 
CrW,—— Brisk and Conragious, 0. 2. 44. 400. 5. 50. Patient, 
O. 432, 3. C ii^« Obedient,^, S. 42.0. 454. <^ieic and Peace- 
able,, and Chearf«l,&€. 433. (faid to Ik;, 477. not, 8.95.) 
C. 1 1^, 6. Jiift and true,0, 433, 5. (iaid to be 477. cot, S. 9$.) 
S. 166. fee fu^ice, Puniihmeat. Contented in PoTerty^ C 116, 
0;i23. beting modeflly, 433. Ckairiy, neataod tight, t^. 454. 
Laborious and Diligent, S. 4 1,2. 174. 181. Good*Natiir'd, 128. 
ASiUe, Courteotts and CiTiI, O. i297« 39 $.434, 5. 485* 490. S. 
50. 1 8 1. Hoipitibk, €i¥H to Strangers, and eaiily acquainted 
with them, O. 12.19. 20, i.78.32d,7, 8.4oo.433,t0 9.482,<5. 
490. S. 84. 1x6. W. 112. Natural Affection, O. 250. 432.-**— 
S^i^— -Ltiy and Idle, Proud a^d Haughty, Ambitious, Info- 
lent, O. 32^. S. 30. 128. 138, W« 5$. no. full^ or (Kibborii, 
0.8.44. Imp!acabfo and Cnie), 32^.8.83. W.io8.Aereiige- 
ful, 0. 8'.32d. 358. 374* (fee ilbifonin&j S. 181. Sly and Tfea- 
dwKms^tb. 0*^8.9^2, 4. 370. (Cee K. £.^0 4<^'9 2. Oppref- 
five, S. 8^. -ftMe and perrerfe,faid to bt, 95- contrary to 0.477* 
Thievifli, ib. S. 50. 128* 138,9. O. 76. 318. ^26. 35^. Over- 
reaching, }6$^ 9. 370. Wheedling and Diflenabling, 358, 9; 
3^2,7. Begging, ^7? 8. 35^, 9. 37*. (hi»t modeftly) 43 j. Low* 
fpirited, S. 42. Gaming,!^, fee Grading. N^y in Diet, fee 
Cookery 5 in Habit, O.5379 8,9. Drinking hard, 10. 369. 433. 
Wanton and Phnps, 9. 85. ProiUtuting of V Vomea^ec Women. 
Unij^ural, fee Parents, Children, Wives. —-JWix^— Melan- 
choly and thou*tftil,0. i27.C'iff. Injorious, 0.9. 11.46,7,' 
8,9. fubtleyS.^. i^»9. in awe of Princes feveruy, 0*926. . 
Fierce, bpld aiid Saiwific,0.3«.4*- 167. 4<xi, 2-ilcfefhati ce- 



/ 



c } pprt^d,' I 



\ 



ported, 484, $, 6, eaffly amus'd , 484. Loving Trade,fee .. 
Malaysns. Fcdrfalof Europeans^ and foon frighted, 309. 435. 
457, 9. 488. not liking the fame Houfe with Strangers, 482, 6^ 
nor to drink after them, 501. fee Mubmetans. Allowing them 
a general Convcrfation with their Women, 327,8.367,8. yet 
jealous, 367. 374. loving to be viiited, S« 84. living in Common, 
0. 45$* from hand to mouth, i^. 32^. ignorant of working, 468. 
Natural Qualities, fee Qualifications. 

Manta^d. O. 135. touched at by F4fi4m4 Ships, ib. 

Manufadures, lee Callico's, Cloth, £arthen-ware,Lacker-waire, 
Fans, Leather* Moloffo's, Mirflins, Palmeto-works, Pitch, Salt, 
Silks, Soap, Stockings,Sugar, Wine* See Commodities* 

MaracayboyQuX^Wxti Breezes. VV. 3. Weather, 82, 3. The Gal- 
" kons and Barhtuenta-FXttt tonch there, 0. 1 8 5. C. 126. 

Marble Rocks, wher^ S. 19. 20. «- . 

Margarita^ I. its Currents, W, 102. Pearl-Oyfters, 0. 1^3. 
The Armada and Barlavinta-FXtsX touch there, 18$. C. 126. 

Marias Hies d. 0. 274, 5, 6. 

Mortal, of the Ladrones^ iccGuanu 

SanBa Maria R. T. and Gold Mines, ^ O. 1 58,9. 17 5. 1 93,4,5. 
taken by Privateers, Ja^.IIL quitted to them, 191, 5* 

y.Maryi Image,a celebrated one,0.42.one taken 99.feeSaints. 

Marks and Makings of Land off at 8ea,0. 42. $9. 77. 82. 94,$. 

111,2,8,9. 120,2. i3i,3i5. 147.172,4.216.225.230,1,2,3,9. 

242,4,8.251,2,5,6,7. 26i,2,3,j5, 7* 275,9* 291.309. 379, 

382,4,5,9, 390. 416.447, 8. 454i9- 4^0-530,1 • S.9. io,ui2i. 
158,9. 179. 180. C. 16.VV. 56.85. 

Markets andProvifion, whatand where, S. 30. 129.1 36.162,3. 

Marmalade, a Commodity, where, 0. 44. 99* 1 74* 

Port JMarqmSf i. 0. 247 . 

Marriages, early, C. 114, 5. Feafts,'0. 334. W.iii, 2. 

SanSa Martha^ and its High-land, d. O. 42 . low Coafts tothe 
£.and VV. 424. Rains, 44. Breezes and Courfe, W. 40. Stock- 
fiih wood, C. 58. the Galleons and Barlaventa-Flcct touch there, 
126.0.185* 

St. Mariufs High^land, d.C. i6. 42. 123. Breeds, VV. 34* 43. 

'^cn Mafcartns !• or Bnglifh Fmeft^ its Land*Tortoife, Oao2. 

Masking us'd in Churches, where, 0. 127. C ii5« 

A/affaclan^ d. O. 265* 

Mafts of Ships, 0. 394. 41 2,3. S, 64. 171,2. feeTimber,Trees. 

Matheraaticks,! learnt, where, S* 6o* 

iMn/T^ve Gulph, 0. 225, 7* 

Maws of Goats eaten, how and where, 0. 429. 430* 

Maxehtelbo^ Rock, d, O, 267. ^ 

. M^ L of the C. Verd\ d. and its Governour trepan'd, 0.75« 

Meangju Ides, O. 347. Commodities, 350. 512, 3,4. th^n- 
habitants, their Painting, OmamfiitSi Food|&c. 514,5,^)7. 
fee Jeofy. ^ Mechanicks, 



General Index. 

MechaDickS)S« 41. 60. 130, 6. i8i« fee Artificers. 

Melinde Bay, Calms there, V V. 20. 

Melons, where, O. 222. S.2^g. Musk- MeloaSj 124. O. 302. 911* 
VVater*MeloDs, ^94. 302^ 311. 418. 420.8. 124. j6^» 

Melory tree, fruit, and Bread, 0. 478. 480,8, 9. 490. 

Men, fee Bodies, Cuftoms^Gorernment, MannerSyOrnaments, 
Religion, Women. 

Merchants at Tonquin, 8*99. $1. 6$. AcbU, 122, 3. 134, 5. Mi- 
iaccdy 162,4. ^tcCi who fo caird,0« 317. S. 135, 6. 

Merga in Siam^z li^^rcoi the Englijh thcie,S. i$i. 

Merida in Jfucaian^ d*C. 1^ it 3. 

Mefchaftpi R. Breezes near it, VV. 34. 

Mels, a Gold Coin, what and where, 0. 504. S* 132. 

iVfxicoKin{^oni,anid VV.Coaftotit, where low, O. 42$. its 
Trade- winds, VV, 12. 2$. Breezes, 38. Weather, 83. Currents, 
i>o8. fmall Green Turtlc,0. 107. Oyfters, i77.fi(hing, 243. little 
Shipping or Trade at Sea, 243, 4* 251. 257* mod within Land, 
and by Land-Carriage, 260,1. 277*SilFer, 269. People thin at the 
G>aft, andpoor)2 50, 1, $, 7,8. 261, ittlnMtois VV. Rich and 
pleafantpartsofit, fee C^Uma^ Guatmaldy VaUeras. For other 
places, i* fee the AfapyO, 24. and 

New Af-xico, mutinous /iiiMnr, and rich Mines conceaFd, O. 
272, 3. C* $4. Spant/h tvzdc, how far, O.225. fee the ^1/4^,24. 

Mexico;J^y^ anditsCoaft, Trade- winds,VY.i^. Breezes,34.4o. 
Storms, d» 60 to 5. Currents, 105. t)yfter-bank near it^ C 28. 
Its Main Port, 125. Courfcof itsP/4^r and BMrlanvnta-Flcct^ib^ 
0. 180. kcAlvaradot La Vera Crut^yOuaxaca^ ffamaffty Mefcba^ 
fipiy Prnkl^y Sacrificiosy Tompequit. See Campeachyy Jncatany Florida, 
its Indians no great Friends to the Sfaniards^ C. 1 2 2. 

^xicoCity, Faflengers and Ports to it, 0. 185. 244, $.. 255. 
Salted Shrimps a Commodity there, Ct X27, 8. 

Mice, where, C 63. 

St.MchaeU Gulph, O. $. rf. 193; Weather, VV. 83. Tides, 

St. Michaels MouQt, and T. d, Ot 1 2^,2. 

Milkfour (Tire) for Fluxes, S. 14$. (of Almonds, f3.)drank 
ordinarily, where, V V. 1 1 1 . 

Mnianaa^. Coafts, Towns, Rirers, Harbottrs,Soil,&c. 0.309. 
310.345,7,8,9. J57»8. 3<^2,7^9f 378, 9. 384. Weather and 
Winds, 321, 2, 3. 346,7, 8. 353,4,7. 360. 370. VV< 39. Floods, 
0.360. City, K.and Hottfcs on Pods, &c. 328,9. 330.34(5,8,9. 
357, 8. 360J 2, $• 479* S. 180. Plenty, 0« 305. Vegetables 3io,i» 
315,6. 320.347, 8. 511. Animals, 33. 320, i. 346,7, 8. 358. . 
364, 5, 8,9. 378, 9. 381. 515. Ship-worms, 362, 3. Arts, Manu* 
fadtures andUteniils, 315. 327. 331,2. 360. 515. S. 131. i8i, 
Shippingand Trade, O. 325* 932 to 6. 354, 6. 360,3. feeming- 
\y defira with the Englifl>^^^9- 359* Spaniards hated, DuHb 

tc2.3 fcard^ 



fear'dj ih. 9^1* oace had a Coibdrerce vUb MatHx ffMiifJ^y 
305. fubjedt to them, ^^u Advantage «)f fettfiilg at Mn- 
^<f 11^0. and way thither; 949.1 ^^Xf 2. Oppottunity the A. had 
for it, 316,7. 93.1.94^. 350.2, 3. dtiud4n4shs (fc)e Atfireff^ 
JiilanoovsySokgues') attd Mitdaac^ns pciratiarly fo ealFd, i#« thbir 
PerfonSyCioatiiSyQilalhievflsc. 324^08. 334 to 8. 94ci,i^2y^|8. 
356 top. 361, 2, 4 to 9^. 370,4, 8. S. 129. Eathrgt ^d EatCT-^ 
taimneatSr O. 911, 9; 929. 955 to. 9. 9$$, 8", 9. iriuit Bttle 
beflliked, S..24. Martiage^afedXiticaCes, O- 934^ Weapons and 
way of Fighting, ^97, f, ^, Spani*i Omatonts^. Muiick tod 
Dancing Women>z^. to 942.9(11. 4^f)mradc»attdPacaUres)>927, 
^•35^9 9- 3<^4> 5* 379* Wivcs^ atli Coocttbincs,. 9^3. 99411) 8. 
966,7, 8« 974. Languages diid' Learning, 92^. 990^.1* 491. 
Keli^Oil) NSbfqnes^ 9^8. CircttfttoiifionV #^. 997, ^940% i^d^ 3. 

969. 37o« Ra^dam, 343. 3i^9« ^6u Wa|hiRg$ i6d . Bogs htftxnf, 
930. 343,4. fome Bapttr'd, ft^. 'Gtiverffment smd Mfan, ii 
his Perlon,Qtt2llities,&c..3f2^'f3f,4, 5. Wives ahdOrildteo, 
325«93$5<^»34^>a> 9* 959* -BfOrtier^ fee R. £i«tf^ Wats, 925. 
937. 444^ State, S. 143. Pr^fefitc^ ^^. 0*954; ^^% Futtlib<- 
ilacnts, 3^(5^ 1* "^l- Engtifh hetten' zt Mindatian, 94^ 9^5, ^. 

970. Seamen revelling, 373. S^e .Q>cArade atidr PaJ^lfy. See 
Chambongf* Iflaods ifdar, 391. 94<^^ 449* See Memffi^ 

Minvtwa I. O. ^07. d. 2?3 * Strei^s, 584. 
Mitres, Scr'dilver^ Gofdv BtdklKvan 5^ wherd «oney & 121. 
m\Qfi\A^ of PiaRftafn^f wh«! and vtbetc^O- 9 >4.> 
Miffionafics and MiMlon^ ^l^e J>. /fN&^, 0.4c77« S* 919 eo 

Miils and Fogs, where, CK 94, 5. W* 50, ^ ykbtMi*' so 
Rain, 78 • . . ■ .•. 

Mifkke$ or ErrdUrs, 0iopapl:fi(^t;dcc,MioVDi%tQranKNlia^ 
and C.St. l0reff;^a,O.i99. Ihe bfeadGboftheOcemsimiC p^seat 
Continents, 288,9.290. Sun^sDeclinationv .9^7,'8.« /Ai£t«i4f 
City atidllarbour, 309. 910* N. Holland Ct^AmASkok: fleat it, 
461, 2. OallapagoSy loo. W. 57. ^6. Ifihrnus of America^ 99, 4, 
<^. Tides in the South Sea,, i^ traEle-Winls, I5. €tiiSk Latod 
Breezes, 42. Omiiliot^ 11^ Sea-ci«ivts^ 0« 9S2. 4I49. DdMs, 
415. 444. 454. As to the Clove Countf it«, 44^* fmfy-, 517. Dih 
i^efne's Ffgho, 522. Coid at the C^ye tfgaoi H$f6 slnd-& Wmd. 
529. Manatee at St. Hei/enjit $47. Gaaibals, 484, 9,.^.Maiigafta«, 
S. 125. Malayan 2^t Totu^ln^ 5^. ia eOnfoinidiiig AiKgatoir and 
f rocodiJe, C 74, 5? ^« Mountain-^CdW afid liippii(|Kit«dni6^ S02 
to 7. Arek and Betle, S, 54. as Iat3tfd<tf & never being: Worm* 
eaten, O. 29, the Acapwle^Trzie^ O, 245. 

Moguls Et^liflj fove him, O. 5cv^, ^ W^ir wilh him, S«i4^y7)^* 

Wole %o keep off Floods, t/.and^hert, S. 49. 

MolMo, CaHnboy &c. Negro's diSiCBPat I^ a&dF;!acw» W. 55. 

Moloifo's^iwhere, OviB^* 

Mooaftcry, 



XyeWfW indeW. ^ ^^ : 

Monaftery, Sf^^nl/lEiyWhere* 0. 42. of Nuns, 134: 

Money brought from J^apantS.i$. of Acbin^ 1^2. Trade hla- 
dred through want of it)4i, 2. 5k where none, W. m. Cacao 
goes infteadof it, (X 62* 0. 120. Money-Changers, Womcn,S.5o, 
i^Oi !• 142. iiseCoio, pieces of £f^£^. 

B(ookeys,eateaand where found, 0. 14.120, i. ^9. (black and 
littk) 112% ^.212. 320, ^. 124. (i^.and tlieir tricks) C 59. do* 

MimmpHtb I. cL O. 3S5. 422, $, S^ 9, 9. 43d. 

MonfoQfis, fee among Winds. 

Moon, influencing Tides, where,W.9o,7,8. Currents, 100,3,^,7. 
not, 51,2. Trade-yvinds, 18, 9. Storms, do. 72 • S. 3d. Lunar 
year, 53. Ecclipfe, 147. Danping atN. and FulI,0.$4i.W.55.iu. 

Half-mooD Proes,i* and whore, S.5. 

Afoorsj who in £.Ww, 0.507,8,9. S. 14^. i$8« id;}. 

^0r0 de Por$9s^ (^ 6. 2 1 1« 

Aftrmd where and when men faid to be, C. 84. 

Villa dc M>fe^ takea,C. 109. r lo. <£ and Trade, i lo, 1, 9* 

Mosl^to (Mofqmto) Indians^ their ^Qualifications , Country, 
Habit of Body, way of Living, Idaeny, 6*^, rf.O.7. 8.9. 10,1. 
85. Dextrous ilHking of Fifh, and management of Canoas,i.2. 
35,d,7. ido.a94»»77.453.C. 13. 109. Hiil. of one left at /. 
Fem^n^j, p. 84, 5,d. love £iv/(/lE^ and £f^/i/]l> Names^ 8d, 7* 
breedupLGrre^,i8i. 

Moskito's or Gnats, where, O. 354, 7> C. 8o. i20#«--^Cove|) 
W. d8. • ^ 

A/^fqiiev ]wherc,p. 338. S. 129. df. 130, 7« 

Moft^i Turtle feeding oa it, 0. ic4# long oaTrees^ 132. 

Mould, foe Soil* 

Momitam& interrupt the Atroofphere, W. 7^9 9* gather Clouds 
andlViitn<83)yk5, 6. Burning, feeVolcaOs. Yielding Gold, fee 
Bi/^bttPOMi Gplfl. Mountains' what and where, 0. 2 2. 42. 59. 94, 
$« Ii^sp..i3l, d.i$3.lda. 174. 2id. 224. 231, 9. 242. 2$J, 

2,d.2d2,|f 0.347.378-380, ;i,4,$i 7.442^7.4^0. 53i>5* 545><^. 
S. II, 9. ;$o,2.2d4. 121, 3. 133.07'^. 32,8.101,8.111,9,123. 

W.78, 83,4^5.. Sec 

Blew Mountain J and Monte Diabsloy in jamaicay C* 8. and ' 

The ilfojin^ in Jucatatij d, Q. (o^ t y d. 22- and 

<:. ANo^^K.^r^c^inGMMi^ii, its Winds, Wa4, $.'51. 
• Mountain- Cow, fee i4ni^e* 

^o«erfiiT4fi JUScormtberf, W.7o• 
Mf)lj(t)lA)peoflleofiarge and wide, 0.325»4d4. middle (i9>'d, 
4a7f iitttfi* 335. (yc^ pretty full) C. 1 1 j. 

M^xjttiibiqne^ Ambergriefc, 0. 74.. Trade, W. io8« 

ill(Ma)^iflwre,8.i29< 

itfAT^fr-Rey, or Wmens L C. 8. p. 

Muif4tto''JMniB6ifiefi>'stfiho 8c wliere,ai8d.249.2$o,i.Ci22. 

Mulberry tree and fruit, what, where,and how u^'d, S. 23, 4. 

[ c 3 ] Mules, 



General TkOex. 

Mules, whcfc,0. ^g. 249. 250. 277. C 122. 

Mullets, where, 0. 321. S. 128. C. 71. 

Mun]acl^ Pitch, d. where, aad its ufe, C. 190. 

Mufcles, where, 0. 155. I73»4» 7- 39^- (Scarce) 4^$. 

Mufick, where usM, W. in. fee Bells, Drums, Gongs, Haut- 
boys,Pipes, Strumftrums. That of the fV. Indians dolcfiil, 0. 1 27 - 

Musk, where a Commodity, S. 61. whence and how got, 64. 
Musk-kemcls, Musky flefti and Eggs of the AlIigator,C.7 5 .0.2 56. 

MuQins, a Commodity, where, 0. 137.24$. fceQoth. 

N. 

NAil of the left Thumb kept long, where, 0. 1^6. 
Naked, People going fo, all but a Qoath about the mid- 
dle, a Salh, or (hort Petticoat, O. II. 31, 2. 40. 427. 479* $«<^- 
or Thong with Grafs or Leaves, 4^4, 5. « Apron of Silk-grafs 
Cloath, w. iio. 

Sir I. Narborougb mifinformed, in what, 0. 24^. 

Naffau I. d. and an L of Coco- trees near it, 0. 47 5. 

Ndtay d. O. 175. 2 n. 

mtal Winds, VV. 19. Tides, 99. R. and Country, Produft, 
Htgris^ &c. d. 108, 6*^. R. and Hippopotamus, d. C 104, 

^•> 7.. 

Natural Phitofophy learnt, where, S. do. 

Needlei, a Commodity, where, C.I 1 9. * . 

Hegros^ where and what, 0. 17$. 19$. 200. 534. fee N. Hol- 
landers, mtentotSy ^4f4/,VVild-bu(h Men ; a Bark full of them, 
1 54. taken, 15B. advantage might have been made of them, 
158,9. Trade for tbem, G. 90. 0. 46, 7-1 54- VVars and 61e of 
one another, $10. 5]^ ani/fc, arm'd, 64.270, incoiirag'd in domi- 
neering over the Indians^ C ii5. Subjeft to Leg-wolrnSs, 90. 
Negro's Hair and Guinea Negro's Coal-black, 0. 464. Trial by 
bitter Waters, S. 85. thofeof ^fcfr^or»R.Hofpitable,0. 78. 

J^tf^ree Hills in Bengal^ S. 14S. 

Net? for pifliing what and where, O. 395. S. 28, 9. 130. i. 
C. 12,3. 

Nevk^ I. a Hurricane there, VV. 70. 

New Year, fee Year \ new Moon,fee Moon 5 new Hollandjkc* 
fee Holland. 5ee 

Nertf England Indians^ exploit of fome of them,C. 131. 

IJcwfoundlandy a cold Country, C. 2. its Trade profitable to 
England^ 13 u Penguins, O. 97- High Coafts and deep 
Seas, 423. 

iSgean^ Prov. of Tmqidn^ S. ^r.lufty Men and good Eat- 
ers 71 * ■ t-^ • 

Nicaragua^ L. Trade by it, aid iti Vyopd, O. 115- See 
JSiood-wood, . ■ 

KtCOPOTf 



Ueneral IhWxT 

Nicohar Ifles, d. O. 475. Commodities and different Charafters 
of the Inhabitants, 477. with S. 94, 5. Ambergriefc, True and 
Counterfeit, O. 72, 3. 477. 481, 2. Canoas, ^Bd.i. See 

2V?coW L properly focaird,</. 0.477,8. its Fruits, Animals, 
Plantations, 478, p. 480. See Melory. The Inhabitants, their 
Habit , Language , Houfes , way of Life , Difpofition , i^c. 
478,9.482,6, 8,9. 490. Proes or Canoa's, <£. 480, i, 6, 7, 8, 
9-492. 

Night, then moft Rain in the Wet Seafon, W. 88. Singing 
and Dancing then ufual, whcrc,0. 127.459. 541. Fires then fcen, 
982. 459. Drum heard, 458. 

Nigril Pointin/tfwrffc/i, C.38,9. 

Noddy, Bird, i. 0.53. 

Kombre de P/of,nowa Ruine, O. 58. 

Fernando dcNmnbo\l.d.W. $6. 

Norths, Storms 5 and North-Banks, Qouds prcfaging them, 
i.VV.'6o, I, 2. 71. 105, 6. C 21. Chocolatta-'Hotihy ao. d. 
VV.do. ^ 

North' Seas J ftore of Seals, O. 90. North-Sea^ Sec At' 
lantic^. 

Nmb-Wefl and NortlfEdfl PalTages, how to be tried, 
O. 273, 4. 

Nofes, where People of ihort and low, O. 32. 525,6. 427. - 
thick, 32. and flat, ib. 326. 537. high or Aquiline, 44. 297.395. 
407« large, 407. fmall, 170. 326. mean bignefs and well propor- 
tioned, 395. 478, 5. 40. 128. C. 115. VV. 110. 

Nul^ mum a Pickle, what and where, C« 28. 30. 

Nurfe, Fifh, d. and where, C. 25. 35. 

Nutmegs, where, 0.316. 447. 513. a Commodity, and Price, 
S, i52.VVild orBaftard Ntinnegs,without fmcll or tafie,0.39i,2. 

Pulo Nnttee, Water and Provifions, S. 4. 

O. 

OAkam for calking Shfps, 0. 2 9 5 , 
Oaks, the only onesfeen by the Author, in the Torrid 
Zone, C 53. 

Oarrbay ^•0.255. 

Oars, what, where, and how us'd,0.429. 490. S 5.1 3,4. 75. bcft 
Looms or Handles, of what wood, O. 54. 118. 

Oath of Allegiance, where and how taken, S. 82, 3. 

Obfejrvations taken of the Sun, O.82.281. fee Latitudesby Ob* 

Offerings to ldols,flcfh,0. 41 1. burntftick$,4i2. fee Paper. 

Oil, a Commodity, where^^O. 142,3. 196.214. of Coco-nuts, 
how made, 294. where us'd (and Palm-Oil) for anointing the 
Body, 537, 8. Train-Oil of Seals, where to be lud, 90.0.26,7,8. 
of Sea- turtle, 0. 109. 1 10.395, (and of Porpuffcs) S. 6. 8. fwcet 
Oils us'd againftHarm^tanSjW. so. ^ -Old 



General mkx. 

Old Wives, filh, where, 5. 1 28. 

Oletafi.d* 0.267. 

<)mba» I. d. and Ifles and Sboles ncir 1^0.459.' 

{?jff .^M/ft Key, fee Bufh. 

Ooions,wbere,$. 23* 127- 

OpiuiB, a valuable Commodity, where, S. 154. 1^5, ^^ 

Oranges, whatand where, O. 258.291. gii. (Cam-chatn m4 
C^un-fmt) S^23, 4. 4$. 90,2; 124. 16^. 181. C 5. 94. 

^r^m^e L d. O. 385. 421, 2, 9* 

Ornan;ient, of Dancing Women, 0.240. PrincefTes, 342. of £:- 
veral people, 92. 326, 7. 407, 8. 418, 9. 427. 4$d. 4«4, 479. 
5i4> 5' 537» 8. S. 40, 1. C. 114. W. ill. 
' Pulo (7ro, S. 5. 

Ormkeysoi Achtn^ 0.500*5. 141,2,3. 4. 

Oftridges, £iaeEftrigie«. 

Ot9tfie I. ^. 0« 20o« 

Otta, feeAnatta. 

Oveo made in Sand, 0. 27 $• a fence from Fire, S. 4$, 5. 

Out-cry of Fi(h at Malacca^ manner of it, S. 163. 

Otttkgcrsof Bpat^ what, 0. 299.480. how fenricesible9 487. 
492, $ ,7. feeProes. 

Oyflers^ Oyfler-biipks,aDd PearKOyfter^, what and wherc»043. 
^ 53. i73> 4> ^) 7- S. 9. 89. 16). C 17. 28. 

P- 

PAcbeca I. O.rf. 175. 19^, 9, 2o5. 
Fgt^ck^ Sea, wtut properly fo, O. 94* ^^ how made fo, 
W. 78, 9. 8^. Dews and Mifts tho' no Rain, 79* 0. 94. and great 
Waves, lb. healthy Coaft, i J3. 

Paddles, how and where us*d, O. 299. W. 38, 9, 

Padresy fee Priefts (Spamflj.) 

PagaUfy what and where, 0. 327, 8, 358. 3^4, 5.377- S. ^. 

Pageants, d. ^lo, i. Pageant Princes, fee Boudy (^oiAcbin. 

Pagodas IdolTcroplcs, what and where, S. 5d, 7. 90, i, 2. x 52. 

Fofoda^ Coin, how much, O. 509. 

Poita^ fee Faj/ta. 

Painters, wbcie,S.<5o. 13^.0.409. Painting the Body, where 
and how, 514. 537. the Teeth black» S. 41. 

Palaces, d. 5.47,8* 130. leeHouCes. 

Falankin, of the Sultan of Jkfindanaa^O. 341. 

PalMam in Sum^tra^ its Pepper- Trade, O. 401. 

Faliacat inCvromandelyO. $22. why deferted, W^ 74- , 

Palm*Trcie, and Dwarf-Palm or Palme tofioya), d. 0.248.3^1 8. 
and thatch,^z8. 4^5.45,7. C 79. ii}. 

Pahn^wine, O^ 78- wheoe^, 248. 

Palm-Oiljwhtreufed foraiiQMiti/% the Body, (^37. 

FUnisix 



M" ffyiiii II iapi^<*9^^P!^>^^v '• I "I"! iij,< 



Palma-ii5(r|V,^. and where, 0.212,3,* ' ^ 

PalftiitoJ Jind works and Thatch of it, rf.and where, ().i$o,t^ 
500. 328. 35.5. '41:1^479* S.4^, 7. C. II. 49. 79. 114, 5. 127. 
C.Falmai,CozH and Winds, W»i5.^8.5o,i.Wcathcr,8o. 

?^F4lm0tC.i2p. . , 
, iiRd flfft Cfiitfcbey Jjyg^ood^ why fo c^ll'd, C. 47. 

l*tf«4wiBay» its Cbafr, O- 185. low, 34.42 $• Bounds, i6^i 
Rivers, 17*. Ship-worms, 3^3, Rains, Air, See* i85. W. 824 
Winds, i7> 9- 34^ 5* 40-. O. i«5. Tides, W. 95, (J. Iflands, 9$. rf* 
0. 17^1 ^^ IP|> ^- 2004 ^1 ^* 2it. fee the Map, O. i. 

FanamaCity^ d. O. i-j^^py i8<^. itsftrength,2o$. whence its 
proviiion, 175. its Commcrce.with P^mhety ijp, 184, 5. Coarfe 
towards lim/ij 4. IJ5. if 7- ind from Lima thither, 2«o, i. dm 
Fanama burnt, iji* 

iFaru^j a 6i>iWrt/*I.ttnfri?qttcnt€d, O. 382. Fir^s in thenight,^^ 

Fangafanam (Ftmgafpnay) of LuconU, d.O. 383* 

^Fang^fnam in Sw^4, ;it&f cpper, S. 1^02* 

jp^ft-tite, fee RooifL 1 

FWmii^, R.,a«dCSty5iif.Gi27- «.« > 

Paper what and whercm^de^ S. <o, r. bucnt in Sacrifice td 

Idol8,^»9*P*39^' , « 

J'aK^dcs in iyp4i>^ TovWis, O. 219.469. 387,0. 4^. 

Parakitc8> where, 0.321.' 392.416. 458* S. 2(5. 128. i8t; 

3>arerUs, ^ay away Children, where, S. 43- fell them, 
97 > 8, 9. 50. their IJjmghterr to Husbands, {b, fee Ghil-' 

dren. 

PafTAcota, Fi(h, i^. (tonietimes pouonpu^) C. 7 1 , 2 . 
PjOTOts, where and what, O. i9*^^^' 392. S. 2<f. 128* 
.181.^ C 65# 1 1^- (a fine fort,/.) i?8, 9. 
Partriges, where, S« 2d. . , . , 

C. Va(rM,d.O. 162. !4e L.Breetes, W.jj. itst;urrents,io7. 
Faff^e^Fdrt. in jfiw«fc*, .Salt-Earth,, C. i^ fireexcs , W. 

' !^<^jNQrth-Wcft >in4.tJqrth.fe^, h(jw to be attempted, 

0.273,4. 

ia4itirf!R..fccl?wkc*«- . ^ , 

>»»fWef,.where,0..ai8.23i,.5'.i4.2i- w&Vanoah»; 

iP^2«<f.£a(M^ ^fl^ <o B/i/J bulla. AtroW-headi of Flint,. O^ 

i?4re:Bay,B«ait<:;al|n8there^W.2a. 

PaTiUions to.fltfep jn^.a Commodity, Cf^i. n^ceflaty^ 80. 
Paving of Streets, S. 47* fee Floors. - 



Oenerat bt^M. 

Paunches of Goats hoW drelTcdsliul eatco, O. Aifiii^ 
tea's where growing, 0. 532. 
Peacock, a Bird like it, where and what, W. i<$p* 
Pears, where growing, O. $52. ' . 

Pear], Pcarl-0)fter8 and Filhery, where and what,. 0. 4^. 
173, *4, 5. 244. 264. S. S.Sp. Mother of Pearl, inhere good, 

O.I73- 

fearl'IJlands in the W. hdiei^ fe^ C§m'JJlands» 

Fearl'Ifldnds, Or kingS'tflands by FanamOy O. tji. i* 17$, ^, 
7,8. W.95. fee theMap,0. 1. 

Santa Fecafue^keCentiqtdpdque. 

Ptory, where, 0. 9. 12, 8, 39. i6p. Q'i^.96. 

Pecul, how much, S. 1 32, 

Fidro Point in Jamaica^ bard to d6able , W. 32. Cur- 
rents, 101. 

FciMj its Achaf, 6, 391. Women Proftituted ^hcre, 595. 
Shipwrack'd Men kept there, S. 8. its Jars, 98. loW Coaft, rich 
Fagida and Image, and Commodities Imported, 151,2* 

Pelicans, i. and where, C. 69. 70, i. S. 26. ' 

Penguin, Bird, d. and where, 0. 97. 146. (tggs) iS9« 

Penguin Fruit,' yellow and red, d. and where, O^^^jJ 

C- 94- 
Fentare^ I. </. and Smoaks and Fires feen on it, 0. 4$9* 

People all lefs Savage than thoaght tobe, 0. 484,-5, 6. Coun- 
try populous and poor, S« 40, i. fee Po«r, Manncrsy Cu- 
ftoms, i;c. 

Pepper, where growing, and Trade, 5. 8. 6$. no, i, 2, 9, $, 
^, 7« 127. I $8. 164, 6, 178. 180, I. d. 182,4, O. 400. heats 
\Vater in Ships holds , 52$. Meat feafoned with it, S. 129. 
Guinea or Cod- pepper , Sawce, d% O. 295. 313* Fifli-pfcUe, 
C. 124. Jnii^*pcppcr where, O. io« 

Periago's, fee€anoa.*s. 

Ferica I. Rbadfor P^n^m^ Shippings 0. 184. d. i85* 

Perewinkles, Shellrfifl^ where, O. 174. fcarce, 465. 

Ptrfta^ Winds, W. 20. hot, 48. O* $04, * $• Pearl- Oyilcrs, 

174- 
Feruy Coall, Soil, Winds and Weather, 0. 94, $, 6. 140, i, 3. 

W. 12, 3, 4. 33, 8, 78, 9. 83. Tides, 96, Currents, ro7. Rirers 

not perennial, 79. 80. S. 35 0. 95, 6. how far dry, and whence 

their Timber, 140. Cacao and Woollen whence, 152. £• In£a 

Cbnmodities whence, 245. its Silver, fee Pieces of fi^i^^ Fmkr 

ft* Buildings, fee Churches, Houfes/ Rock-fifli, 9i.feei4ii^rj, 

Cbilu Pacificli Sea,^ GaOapagos Hlet. For particular Places, fee 

the Globe-Map, C Title -, and the Map, O. 24. 

Fetaplan Hill, d O, 248. 

St^eetnS$.Faiili^.d,C.94>iQij7i9^ . • 



•^^ — 



Genefgf JWex, 

IteHtGHovrejtttOUavre. 

Petticoat an acceptable prcfcnt to an Indiatiy O. i2.of fc^ral 
Nations, d. ^i-j. 4^. 47^. q, 1 14, 

Fettie^y Bantam Qcnn^S. ^32. 

Ptunsy who and where; O. 507,^. 

nUipfitie mnds, d. O. 306, 7, 8. Spatii/h Ifles, i5; and Trade 
tticrc,i85. (fee -^wj>«/co-Ship, Manilla,) how managed, 244, 5, 
6. Smuggling, 307. Gold there, ib. 308.3^0,1. how named, 
^}bk^^* J^,^^""^ learnt there; 395. People anoint thcmfelves, 
5$7- Courfc thence, W.25. Anonymous I. by Seb9, and its 
Canes, d. 379. 380. other iQcs, 3«2, 4. fee B^/Jee Ifles, Bat I. 
Ztfms,l.LHconia,MeAnits V[cs,Mndanao, Mindora^^anay.Sebo. 

Philofophy, Natural and Moral, where ftudicd, S. 60. 

Phrcnfy, Laughing, tfyc. caufed by a Plant, S: 126. 

Pickers for Teeth and Tobacco of Spiders teeth, C. 6^. 

Pickles, fee Achar,Pepper-Sawce.pickied mi, what and where; 
CX 303. $33. S. 27>'8. 30. C. r24v7- 

Piftures in Houfcs, O- 14a S. 94. of Saints in Churches,C. 1 1 5. 
painted like Indians, ib, 0. 1 23, where a Commodity, C. u 9. fee 
Pmtiting, Images, Idols. ^' 

fies fond in Beefljland in Campeachy^Q. 77. 

Pigeons, where, 0. 39. 177. 27^. 321. 392. S. 128. i8i.C.55, 
a, 66. fee Doves, turtle-doves* 

Pillory, what and where, S. 78, 9. 

PiIots,wheretobetakenin,Sl. 4.11.O, 149. ij$. where un- 
acquainted, 163. 224, 5. 

Pilot-Book,a5'/>4m>MSitiufcript, quoted, O. i<53,i98.232,9. 
240.25 i,3,5.2d7. 27242$.ftc Frqfice,Voi.n. 

Pine-trees, where, 0. 198. fee 

i^»ii*jFort,0. 198. and " ' ' 

I. of FJnesby Cuba, i.C. 50,^07. Beafts,Fi(h, Hunting, ib^ 
75- 9^* Mart^vcs, 32. Vioteiccs of the ^Spantflj darrifon there, 
31. Land Tprtoife, 0. 102., Wet Wea*CK» W, 8 $. 

Piiie-apple, ftruit where, OC ib» 29^,418.420, 6y,S, 12$. i53» 
181. C. 5. Pine-drink, 0. 10. 

^ild Pine. Shrub, d. and its keeping Water, C» $5, 

Pipes, Mijical, where ufcd, C. 1 1 5. fee Hautboys. 

Pii:a.tes, Cbinefe^ routed. S. 106^7. Malay ansy 157.1^5. fa% 
ftppofed, 87» 8, 9. fee Privateers, Bw^^jffw. 

Fiftadort Hies, Harbour, T. Sprt, far far Garrifon and 
Shipping, .0.415,7. Fruits, ^c. 418. Liquors and Jars, 41^ 
©oaths, 418,^9; • • =^ •• 

^/M its wine, 0.19.5. ^ 

Pitch wh^taod where, O. 2.22, 394. (fee Tar) 398. (how or- 
dered *jR)r coating ShipsP, if./ 509. & 8. Mttpjlick, d^ Cr 
J30. ~ r -' 

«»r/<,rf-0.i43^4- ' ^ • 

M. •': CDO ^ 



General rmx. 

FlanetSy their Motions where ftudied, S. ^6. 
Plank not fawn but fplit, O. jj^i, fee Timber. * . : * 
Plantains, where, 0. 9- 12, ^* 26; i. 59^ ( fet to IhcI&T C^- 
cao)62*74» 5*7» 8. 122,3. ^^* \^%^* I75- i^3» ?• ip^* ?• 
200, 2, 6, 2$5- 311, 3, 4. 5> ^. 42^' 4f5- 4S0. 54^' S. 4- ^3» 
124. 169. 181* C. $• 9. 112. Treeand Fruit, J* O. 311, to 6* 
howraifedj^ii, 2. in what Soil, 313^ where ralucd^ 313, 4, 5- 
how eaten, 313, 4.426, P]antain»drinli:,3i4i 5? Ctoehund Where 
worn, 1^,327. 427. A peculiar fort at Mtndando^ii'ixXi Secdf good 
for Fluxes,3i 5, 6.fee Bonano's. 

Plantations, what arTd where, IX 9, <2»4,$j 8,9. 2*2« 114* 
175.348. 429/432, 3. 545. S. 130 of Cacao, O, do, i^ 2. 
Coco-nats, 479* 480. Maizi 123. C, 112, 3* Cotton, 114. 
(•e of Plantains, Tobacco, Yaixis, Sugar Canes* When the 
Harveft in thefe plantationfiL Wl/^Si, 2. (Offering for want of 
|taih,84.where managed by Woiiicn, 0.9.429.432, 3. PUotai- 
tions where ufually be^un with Plantains, 3x3. 
: fla$a h O, Intr.Vi.i.d, 132, 2, fides VV. 69. 
Plate of Akxico, C: 125. fee SilVcr. Plat^-Ffeet:, fee £jUMf 
4rmadaj BarlavenU*¥\c^U 

Plow and Plowing, how apd where, 6. 4io, 
PIum-Trecs and Fruit, fee €6co-pluni,()bg-£ram« 
Poifonous,Dyeor Faint,S*4i. Fbocf, fee' Wanchaheel^ (ora* 
COPda. Bones, fee Coi;Fofo. Fins, fee Cat-fifli. Pbifomiig 
what and where ufed, 0. 325. 374* liow the Liver affeftcd with 
itj 398. Parts poifoned,4i. Arrows, YV. io8. 
Poles for fevcrafufes,S. 2d, 9. 47» '\ 
Polar, Winds cold,0. 530. i'.W^ vViodsthenee, $44. 
Polygamy^ where, Q, 334. (the Sultan) 455* S« 50. 
W. lu, ^ . • 

Pomgranates, where and what^Q. 532, 4. S. 124. fee Man- 
gaflan. . , . - \/ . ± 

. P(»6,MedicinaI ittihi floating on itiqn^* i^pi* Vvick-pimi^ 
j^.Fim-pohds, 27,9.48. 55. 
Pone-tree^ 4«iditsiife,S, 24. 6Zf^* 
FonticBirri, French Fort, taken by the Vutcb, 0. ^ 2. 
PontiqH^ fointy d.O, 258, iSu ■ 

Poor people thro' want of Trade* \CX 334. 3|i 5- Sl|>». 41, zi 
$1. and withit,64,$, beggit||^ 14. 'tbicTim» 56. fell Wires and 
Children, 37, 8,p. " * . 

Madrcj or Nuejtra Sctima^ de f»pa\ iricK )Hdilsiftery^ 
0. 4a. 
Fcpi^io% Mex^an Breezes, dVV. ^6^ 7* r 
PcytctiokfCiifia Ware, maoe \vfiere and of whsU,Q.4o£« 
'MrodePorcos,d.O.'2iu 

Vorcupines, wter<i C- jj; 62. S. 127. eaten ia8«. j^Cf 



Pbrk, iKhf aitc«iaad ywtng Kggs, S. 30, !• pa^ abhorred, 

ft>rpaiIS» , 9nd Oil of tfaetu^ S* 6. killed by* a StQtm^ 
W. 71* 

Fnff^y tew Coafts on each fide^Gi 424. VViodsandToriudoV 
44* /Br^ei&ed «wiCokirf«9 VKif* 40* flonny Norths, 60. uawholdbmr 
Tard^ to *eEaft of it, O. 105, Piantains thecc, 913. Com-- 
merce wiflv' -P«»ii«w, 27- >84,. 5^ €wd& takeo^asd Air fick- 
ly, aw Bj^&vttiW-FIetttouc&svtbcfiCi. C la^- 

Pwtorico Ifland,Trade,0. 227.Hog-Cniuls,C.98*touch'd at^i2^. 
« i^on-Ka^l'iAPaii^Uibf, Harbour aiiid Ifland, 4. C 4^. $1. at 
raft grccri THrtlfc the#e, flf. O. lo^ji <^» j 

Fwp-Kt^Al itkJaiHdkd^ it« Twrtld, whence^ t'0. 10^. W. 3*. 
indtitfgered by a^ Storm, 6i* ptherwilb ufeful, bo^* 

Pof tv te HitrbOttPS. Fre<stK4i«. 

tmu^y fcigheoalrts afid deep Stus, a423. Wartupiefe of Ci^ 
FerrfIflW^r,r<^i 2,4,5% Twde and-ShippiDg^wbefCi 3<^7. . 
383,7V8i4icKS*i'45>VV. le*. feeCyo^ Mtca: ]^accs'loftby 
thesij^oiil. ^4$. (i** why) 9*1^1, 2. VV* $d,lWfcOTeri€i5of the . 
£.Aifei^by S^id.$3e.S^'i^i^ theirCouffe to Bfa(tly VV. ^^ 
Pom^efifcwOM^^er^ rik>li^ai 04^^ 

JP^ (poor ^1} -an Indian Drink, d. C. 43. n 3. 

F^vim (O^c^dmjBeaft^ \vll«re, <£* 59. 9<^. 

Foft«,muf<e^1^tIt<o«l^th^Bl9 ho^ and where, CX 151. 328,9. 
4W» 7* 4f 9- S; li^. 145, 6i -i-Sb. ' 

p0ta«>^i^,iididre^O. 9. 12^4} 8; 94.4^,8. j$.t^P.i^u 3a 142^ 
453^5, 7^4 J4'.' 45^- thoLetv^ darOuriedby LQCUfts,43o. where 
no PotJitb!fl|48olr 4-^4^5; - ^ ' . 

i'^^o/f, it»SilTcrinferiourtothe iMi?«iM*>0.i^d9.' » 

Potters^il«!^^re^S.^o. fise SaiiAi^ti VVarie, Jars. 

PduWeyv(Dw^hil'Fof^^€otfe aid HensjT whew, O, lai. 
240.52 ii(lMf^« kept) 3294 40*. d2^. 464. (like^Mffs) ^Of^.^9. 
533. 545. Si 25^30. 1^3. iH^ (Codc-figktiag, 16.) t.ix8.i28» 
yv. HI. ii wilfffrirti rf.0.^9^, 3. 

Powder C®Jrf) a Commodi^, whdre,* C. 4»- iU^ooio'd» 
aod madebyi^OQBfor^ii&e^A^ife) $. 7^«!?f* ho^i^by th« 
Attthori 97,8,9. , ' , ^ 

.Small-Pox, fee fmalL / "^ 

^ Fwce/ Sholes, dail*ef€lHS, Q.^^?. 40$. & 7- 9- 'oj. 

Fr4f4(, I. andjdiuigtiroul H6ck9, i^. *0. 405, 6. 

Prawns, wii^ 8:27. - -^ ' " 
^ Prayers, taw and wtiert'irt*fc)l». 3^. }4SS»»J7>»» 

Precipices, Tolfei bait bn •flieoi,0. 42 5,>i 9* 

Prefcnts eit^etedi <)• 328, y. ^ivhtt and whe^e teJde, j$4^ $* 
3oi,2,3,4.3$4,$.4i8.9*42io*457,8ȤooiSao8ii 
. Prices of Goods, what-Jttd^hdrei^. 227. 333- ??^* J^S- 417» 
#«7jp*S.<^M9M)5.'52. C47» jites* ^ Priefts, 



' > 



Vt\tti%i Spanijb Padre's ^mong Indians^ 0«44. 123,5,^,7. i^ri 
)oo» 1, 3, 4, 8. 38^,7* Q 1 1 2> 4. power and wealth, O* 124. 309^ 
O 114* $• learn theLaoguages of the Indians ^ ib. fee Miflionif- 
ries. Heathen Vriefts, where and what, O* 3$>5. S. 52,7,^. 85. . . 

Princes, Eaftcrn, their State,&c^. 142,3. (abas'd, l84.)0.329. 
995i^97« 340,1,2. 354,5* Devices in Flags, 45$. fee Mndanaian 
and BoK^onSaltanStR* LautJonquineferiAukg KiDgOtCboua^GoYcror 
ment. Guards, Prefents Soldiers, Women. Painted Pr* fee Je^fy, 
Pageant Princes (wtthoat real power) fee Bouay and (^ofAcbin. 
A Prince of a Spice-L inrites the Englifb to Tca^ 350. 3^6. 

Privateers, Btfl»:4iteflv,always feek for Fifli^O* 1 17,8* and take « 
MosJ^ha-mcn with them, i. 2* fooa mutinous if in . waqt, 14^. 
venturous, 242. SignaJs to find each other, 2 52. their knowledge 
of the W*Jn(&aJZoa&%f 27.. Qucriespat to Prifoners,27,8.Com- 
roifRons taken froin fetit-^navres^ lb, 39. 58. 192. burn Vef« 
fels they take, and fave the Nails, C 47. Manage Canons well, 
119. deep on Deck, VV» 87. abferve Tidesmuch, 9. ThejrRa- 
▼age» in^uedtan/^ampeacbyyNewSpainjzad B« of Mexk^jC 1 2i5«33. 
47,524.95,8.io9aio,i.i2i,24,^. Cruifings among the '^. tnaia 
Coaus «n4 Iflaods, O. 26 to 6.5ille?elUng,5o..6xploits^<:. $p, 
^,8.63,8,9. Repul(et63. Fnnth, Ordinary Seamen, ^o* Thcjr 
Entring the S..Se4S by the Cape-K«i29* by crolfiag the Ifibtmu 
(and Return) IntrAU. 7. 11. to;24. 191,5, 7*:4l|d fiffl pccafioq 
of it, i8o,r,2i3*. entring by Sea* 83,4. Cruifing, Qccurrencef ,&c. 
in the 5. Sea^ 93 to 278. feverai. particulars relating, to (hem, . 
116,7. i53to.8. 171. 187,^,9. I9i,d, 7. 202,$,8j.9*2i3. 5,9. 
020, 1,3, 4. 241,2,3, 7-254j5i8,9« 2^0f h ^%li^ ^jo^iyjfi* 
In the£. Indies, 358, 9. 364, 5. 371, 2, 3, 4, 6. 439. 470y48ij2^ 
5o5 to 51 1, fee Pirates. 

Proc«(Tt!>n at a Circ^mcifion,<). 340,1,2. of Idolati^fs, 397. 

Pfoe's, what and where, their make,PMttayer%^c. ^."0.298,9. 
^* 4' ?W»<^- $97» 44^- 455>8. 475i7^!48o /. S. i. ,d.iH.?foc 
bottoms built upop, 1 1 1 • fee.£oaU,0'utlayers, ^addks^ . 

Frophefieor prefageof the ilirsin ^/if(|r^ii,9«.^9P»iii 
. ' Pfiofpefts plealant, O^ 42* $8,9.^87. 11 1^2* i35> 1^52,7* 163. 

177»8>9* 186,7. 202. 231,3. 251,2,3,8.309.384. 4i7.47St.53o>i,^ 

S* 14.24. 179.C 109. VV.109. 
Proftituting of Women, fee Women. 
Frovidence I. C.57..by whomff!tled,0.^3,. . ' ^/ 
Fnebia Nova attcmpted,0. //fit. III., taken, 219* , i 
Fulo fignifies Ifland, 0. 389. fee Condore^ Vby^ ^' . 
Fumce-ilones, where and whe|ic^».0. 230. .^ .,/,.: ' . ^ 
Pumkins^ where, O. 311, 426. 5.^^3.45. i8i.*'..^ "^ ,/ 
Pumps (i>^/y*) for Ship?, hpwipad^^ 
Pumpfc-Nofe, fruit, d. S. 1 24, 5. 1 m. . 
fund I. T^wd PjJots,rf. Q.I49, byftct^ IJ7>, 

Puaifii 



^^|r-w^ "TW" 



General Index. 

te?r?;M^!^,:'Mo"' '"«««••»'«>• 3*^. 7. 3*7. 4ja. ^77 
Fiirificatm, City, rf.O. :S 57. 
Puiflaia wild, and benefit of it, where, S. 22. 

i^Ualificationsof People, Docil uA Appreheifiye. InsenU 
W 0U8, of good natural Wit, Aftive, Dtxterous, &c. O^g. 
9. I*" 3S»/i 7, 8. 298. 300. 325.400, 1.420. S. di 2 181 
VV. no. fee Artificers, Mec&dS. Pro«J JiS^J'^S^'l^ 
mog, Cttitomsj ere. -9 v*- *«« 

Qsaliticsof People, fee ManQers. 
^^Quam, a Kfd, rf. and iv^e, O. 19. gp. c ^5. rf. e^^,^. 

Sjiantuniy Province of Chhia^ fee Canf^. 
a^tda, C»rfiAr,^OiIufed, 0, 537. Trade, 501.8- 17^, », 
qneen^ oi Acbtn, her Eledion, State, d'c S- 141. to 8. 
Ouenjaoy ice Currafao. 

DuQuefne's Voyage, a Fight related in it, O. 522, 2. 
SlyilHi (Ctbajia) Land its other Keys or Iflands, O. ItOr IV £ 
21^,3. 5. C^^rr^x L 213. fee Canaks I. Rancherii l. 

filiicaro,l.d.0.2i2y $. 

Quick-Silver, whence,**and a Commodity, O. 24<. 
^Wf»<»», Metropolis of eocbimbina, S. 7. 
Quinces, where grov^irig, 0. 532. 

rJ^M^'^'^^'li^ ^ Comroddity,wherc,0, 142, 3.i52.Cityind 
^W Mmes, d. 152, 3. Rams, fickly Air^ and dch Ri»s; 



RAccoons, or Indian Conies, and Rats, 0.17a. 27^. 
, C 6, 32. 

Hack, fee Arack. 

Rafts, fee Bark- Logs. 

Rags, a Commodity, where, o. 489. 

A^4'i, Princes, abused, S. 184. fee R. Lout. 

A ^i!? o' *''" ""^ "•'"^ ^^ ^ »•« Author, *f. 0. 4.14. 
Mo 21. 79. 83. 199 360.414, 5. 438. 4S9. 45i.1^«<. ;hS 
a«I when much ufnal, 0. 44. 108. ,53. ,57. 171. 195. "U-S! 

o .flf ',^!* ^^°n«>*R«n»"> particular Place$,whenandhc»w. 

?«; w^^7;i,5"'»' 3-3*0.394. s. 34. 148,9. i8oii.w.52: 

i^M^^J^"?*'* ^ysnoft fubcfttoRaiiC 78.80,2, a. 
«id Moniimn$,83,4,5. tf. mwbfron. « fin»llcioSd,«7, i. &|j 

dMe 



Qmeral Index. 

dope by theik),S. 37,9. Floods aiifed» fee Evloodf. Aii^crs made 
by them, 3 5. 0. 95, 6. whofe oycrflow fattens the Laod, 1 27 8. 
Rain whcte a fign of Land nigh, .0. 283. No ^ain, where, 94. 
I39, 140. i8tf. and iwhy^ W. 78, 9. 

Katndamy or AfoBometan Lent , how kept , O. 343, 359 

Rancheriay its Pcarl-Piflicry, grc d. O. 43, 4, 

Htmcbtria I* in the tf. 5e^, i. O. 212. 

fiaflibottts, who and where, 0. 507i 9« 

fRates of Goods, fee Price. 

RattM-Caiies, ufe,0. 49<f. S- 45.aattjin.Cablc8, Av6j^ 

Rats, niany, Where, C. 2 3 . 4 5. in Ships, O, .^79. • 

Raw Fifli eaten, O. 430. Fidh, S. 30. 
. Meale}4^h Lexay Port pleas City 9 O. 21$. tlie Ht6oir 
and Idand, 1^. 118 to i2i« theT. tL tucband bomt^ 119.221, 
J.r bad Air, 22 1, 4. 230, 6, 

RecreatioiiSt S. $3. fee Gaming. 

Ked'Sea^^mheigtit^c^ 0.74* Pirates food of cniifing there, 
439. when bad going thither, ^icWeather andWinds^ W.io^. 

Tide, 99v , . 
fted^wood, fee Bl^i-vi^dmi'^. lAg^vw>&. 

Reeds, Hat$ made of them, where,>S..43. 
Af/ii^eex, Frfnci&, where, O. 532. 547. 
Rtiigious Belief , Prayers,^c. whete,S..55,7,8.0. jiS^^noiie 
vifibie, 45245^79^54 1, ftateof itift the E. 5.. 95,t^>7.&c^hri* 
flianity, I do]4try,Af^ibo;;re/tf nijm^ and 
Kenegados^Chinefe and &igli/b,S* 138. 
RtToIution at^Mfft, S. isi> 2,^« 
^ JUtub^rb, whence, S. 63. 
Ria Lfxaj fee kealeja* 

Rice, where growing, and a Commodity, 0» 78. 17$. 291^ 

7»303.329.333-3$3*384* 'i9ly 9. 4oo. S- 14- ai> a, 4, 5.30. 

^4. 87,8. 105.130,4,5,6.145.151. 183,5. iti,2. iowet Soil, 

2$. O. 297.4o6«4io.S. 25>vethuFt)>yn}.uch Ram,97.depcDdft 

on the Rains, where, 37, 8- "C« bought, 50. Hanreft, .wheafod 

how ordered, 25. O. 353* trod out with Buffalo's. 4io,^.4k>w 

drefs'd and eaten, fee Cookery ; with XamafiAds , good for 

lick People, 526. the Graiaand^nainSuftenanccof the £.A|(fi«iix, 

)99.426.S*22.3q,8. 50,5,126. 148. where none, 0.426* 433.480. 

4tf4^6..Ri]Be*£r]«i^, feebrink. 

Mr- Aw^^ kilfd, O. 271, .2. referred to, fee H< of Bue- 
^mers* 

Rin9, what und where worn, O. '36$. $141 $• €• 119J 

VV. in. 

^iplH^pr Cockling Sea» O.133. YV, 57. fe^Sea. 

Rifsejrt npt (percanical, whoc, 0. 95, 6. S.,35. ;all in.itlie 

3bm4 Z^ng oraflow ia the wet Scafpn, ,34. bradkifh in 

(tlie dry Scafofii 0« a$8, how Wd for Bathing, 390W 



I GeneraFwdex. 

S.l8o. fee Bathing, Wafliing. Fit for butldjng Ships* O. IT4. 
unfreqnented, \6%* ftor'd with Fifli, S. 27. 128. how caugrht 
28» 9. Ripling or Cockling Sea caus*d by Rivers, W.$7. and what' 
Tides, 91. For particular Rivers, fee the Maps. Gold- Rivers, fee 
Gold. Rivcr-FrigatSji. and where, S. 16. 74,5,5,7. RiverHorfe, 
fee Hippopotamus. 

Roads and Riding for Ships, what and where, 0. 48. 5 $,<^,8.<^9. 
74.97. 12$. 144.151,2. i<54,^. 170, 9.184.204-2^8,9. 257. 321* 
380. S. i22,9« i6$.C*ij. ie8. W.73:4«See Anchorings,Harbours* 

Koca'% Ifles, d O. 52, $. 
^ Sky-Rockets fir'd at Mindanao^ Q. 342. 

Rocks, what and where, O. 50,1,2,^.74.81. 97. 101,9. ii2,5- 
122. 132,5,5,9. 145,6. 174.185. 198. 212; 252,5,8,9.240,1,2,8. 
255,7. 261, 2, 5,7. 275. 282, 5. 291. 581, 2. 405. 42 ,5. 458. 
451,3. 475. 545,7. S. 19. 122. i5o. 171. C.25, 5, 5.47.124,5. 
W. 55. (people dwelling in them, 108.} 109. Rocky Coaftshave 
deep Seas, and where fo, 0.422,5,4, 5. abound in Fifh,. 91. 
254. fee 

Rock-filh (Grooper,ff/fC2f/4o)i. and where, O. 91. 257. 

Rokpo, a Braadhof TonquinK* d. S,p. 10,5,5,9. 21. 

C. Romany its Currents, W. 101,2,4. 

Pttlo Rdndoy d» S. 122. 

Roofs of Buildings, what and where, 0. 159.218. 5^7. 479. 
539. S. 45,5. 57. 1 50. C. 4 5- 1 1 5> 8. fee Thatch. 

Roots, eatable, where little need of them, S. 22.{bId,5o. plant- 
ed, 182. feeCaflavy, Onions, Potato's, Yams. 

A9/^io,R. T. and Gold.Mines, d^ 0. 255. 

Rowing, how, fee Proes. To the found of a Gong, in exaft ca- 
dence, S.75. without hands, 1591 fee Oars, Paddles. 

Port'Royaly Fwto-RkOy fee Forto. 

Rudder, a Paddle us'd for it, 0. 299.S. 5. 

Rum, t Commodity, where, C. 18. 92* 

Ruihes burnt on Idol- Altars, S.45. 58. 

Rusk, a fort of wheaten Bisket, 0. 503. 

S. 

SAbbath of the Mah$mttanSy Friday, 0. 558. 577. 
Saerifim I. in the S. Sea^ d. O. 258. 
Sacrificio |flesin the G. of Mexico^ their true Site, C. 124,5. 
Sacrincesto Idols,wbat and where,0 596,7. S. 43. 58,9. 
5^tfR, Plantain, and PUntain>Cloth, O. 527. 
^^ROi wfiere, what, how made, and us'd, 0.510,1. 529.S. 1481 
' Sans, and Sail-cloth, d. O. 295. 584. 41 5. S. 15* C 46. bad, 
W.55. .filing fwift,0. 281,5,6. 500. in £• India^ depends on 
the Monfoons, W. 22,54. fee Courfe,fhipping. 
Saints^inted like Indians fi. 1 25.0.1 1 5. (old,! i9,feeV« Mary* 
Saker, of great Guns, where the mod valued, S. 65, 
Sale or Out-cry at Malacca^ roaongr of it, S. 163. 

[43 Sat 



/ 



Jjeieraf fimx* 

Sal I. of tke C. Veris^ and itsSalt, &g. d. Q. 70, 2V 

RiodeSaly i.O. 264. 

5/i/rn4 Harbour and Salt i? CampecKby^ d^C. 42>j« fee Satt* 

SaSdiua T« 0. 245. 2^9. Harbour, ^2(4* 

Salt, and 54/w<tV or SaIt-po/ids, where, 0» 49- ^Sm^Q^^ii-Om 
240,3. 265,9. 430. Cnaaking,^. and time of kerning, $.5.) C. 42,5, 
Wells dug in Sand, Salt if deep^whcre^^o. ii3. S^t-.viater oodrr 
Frc(b,S.i 56,7. 0, 42. Salt-ltij:cs ftor'd with FiOi> 241, 2, 3* fee 
Lagune^. . . 

* Salt-Creek in Campeachy^ C- 99. ' 

Salt-Fetrc, imported, S.6s jCua'd) 98. Earth, C..7* ^' 

Sambaloe'sli\c$x ajwi Point 54/i?^/^)i,Rcnde5^iiOUS of Priwitecrs, 
Vegetables and Animals, O, 22, 3,6. 39.-40* ^o^, 3,. C. 58* ^i- 
Breezf s, W. 36. fee Golden.L 

tu\o Sambilonfi^^ and their Ca^-fiib^ S. 171* 

S'tfw^fl, R. rf.O. 193,8. 

Sam-fliH^ a fort of Arack>,fl?. 0. 4 1 9, 

Sandj, hot, a Cure, 6. 27(5. a Punilhraent, 357. raisM by 
Winds, W.15,. 47,8. Wells,C 50. n8. Baflks, 120. high, 123, 4. 
fee Anchorings, Bays, Sholcs, Soil. 

Santa Fecaqiie^ fee Centiq^ipaque, 

SapadilJy, fruit, where, 0. 39. d. 262,3. C..48,9/ 94*. 

Sarfaparilla, grows in water, and where, O. 152* 

Sa(h worn inftead of othv Gloaths, 0. 479. fee Naked. 

Savages, mifreported, and eafiiy amus^M, 0.484,5,6. 

Savannahs, Champian, or PaAure, what aqdwbece^ O.44. 50. 

62. rf. 87,8. 112,4,5. I2M50.205. 211,8.23?!, 2. 240. 250, 3, 
8,9. 264,5,9. 347,8^. 369. 384^ 7. 406. 442. S. L9. Z2. Ir24,. C 3^. 

48,9- 52,3,8,9. (drown'd, 55A 80, i, 2.) 84, ^6.df 9A^io2y7y9. 
120, 1. 

Sauces, Pepper-faucx,©. 3^6. fee Ach^r^^, Bickle^ Cookery. 

Saufages of raw Pork eatf^n, where, S. 30.. 

Sawyers, and Saws,S.6o. C, 41^ O. 3.57. OQoe9332* 

5cabby Lips caus'dby a. VVfind, Oi 63* 

Scales, not us'd, where^ 0. 434. 

Scarf, what and where worn, Q. 456. S. 1 2p. 

SchoIan,where the only Cburtiers^ & 5.9. Schools^, 0. 33Q, i* 

Smhader^ rf. O. 1^5, 

SciflarS) a Commodity, wherc^ C 1,19. 0. 2^.3* 

Scorpioni',0. 320. C.^3. S.25. an Antidote,, 53* 4* 

Scudoy l. Sir Fr. tirake\ Bowels buried tliere, 0« i$% 

Scurvcycur'd^O. 92. §48* 

Sea, where, high, great, rpu^ fwelling^ O. 55. 134^ 198.23X9 
2»3,9. 241,7. 253. 2624,' .543,4. G.i2|,f. mcreasrM by contrary 
Winds, W.io6,7.0.42i.fee Tprnado's,StormsJNo Graft orWccds 
in deep Seas, 393^ where decg or ihallow, and deepening jm- 
duaUy,i». 42^93^$! C«i^. 48* Ucad-Scii^ 2>2t CoclOiag or Sip- 

Kns 



ling, O. 82i 153. 4i$.W.$7.fparkling & working Wavcs,in Storms, 
69. 0.414^ always fmooth, C, 30. Ibng Ebb prcfaging Storms, W. 
61^6. 70. Change of Colour, O. 8o.ufuaIly a fign of Sholcs, or Land 
near, C.28. Sea and Wind rife and fall together, O. 217. At Sea, 
Lalid-Bi^ezesfainteft,W.3 1,2,3. tewcft Tornado's, 85, 7, 8. Farac 
Sea, weakeft Currents, 104. and Birds not feen, 0. 282. 531. Sea- 
winds warmeil, $29. fee Weather, Winds. Fre(h Water taken up 
at Sfca, 42. S. 1 56. warily, i $7. Sea-Marks, fee Marks, fee AtUniicl^ 
Indian^ Red Sea^ij. of Mexico^ and South-Sea. 

Sea men, good, S.4. 5. bad, fee Spamards, ignorance^ 0.275,7,8. 
507. W. i5.$uperflitioD*, 3t.loft by carelcfnefs, 41,2. Prover> 45* 
haMihip, 48. tricks, O. 318. thieviihiii. 528,9. juft,S. 11 7,8. fcarce, 
112. fee Lafcars. 

Sea-Devils, fifli, rf.C. 73. Sea-Cow, fee Manatee. Sea-or River* 
Horfe, fee Hippffpotamw. Sca-Lidn, fee Lion. Sea-Dog, fee 

Seals i^.and where(wherc plenty of Ft(h; O.89. 90. 145. iaited. 
253,4. 275. 533. C. 25,5. 5cal-sktti Floats,^. VV. 38, 9. 

Seafofls of the Year, Wet and Dry, what and where, d. VV. 75 to 
88. Si 148^9. (divide the Year, asSummer and Winter) 31,2. [Vep^ 
when, 34,$. 180. 0. 277. 322. C. 55. VV.$2.fee Rains, Floods. Moft 
Rain then at night, 88. incommodious, S. 45. 73* Oyflers then freih* 
C 17. Dry, when and where, O. 197. 258. 297. 323. 351. 394.S.35. 
90. C. 55. VV. $8. the Harveft-timc of flantations, VV. 81,2. plca- 
fantjC. 122. VVaterhowpreferv'd then, $5. 75,7. Rivers brackifh, 
O. 258. 277- Seafon of Winds, what and where, 38,9. 44.280.298. 
30^,6. 322. 345,7. 3$3,4,7-4oi»5- 419- 437, 9- (^nd fign) 490. 544. 
5. 179. VV.4. 8. 9. 11,2,3. ?2,7. 30,5.43,4,5. 101,2. for failing,bad, 
O. 354.415.439.451.504, 5. 510. 524. tor Tornado's, 458. VV. 51. 
Tuffoons,^. 36. Norths,6o.C.2^. Souths^ VV* 6$. Hurricanes, 58, 
ftormy Monfoons,73. Currents, io5,7.croffiDg the Line^feeEqudtory 
Making Sa]t,&c. fee Salt, Sugar. Fifhing, C. 1 5. Periodical Seafocs 
of Travelling kept by Filh and Fowl, 0. 394. fee Turtle. 
Sebo^ L and one of Canes by Jt, d* 0. 379. 380. 
Segovia^ in Mexico^ vifited by Privateers, 0. 129. 

SelamLodkouU 013,4. 

Serif (Captain) and Series Key, C. 52. 

Serpents, fee Snakesa 

Settlements, Provifion and Perfons neceffary for them, 0,352,5^ 
(and where to be made,) 1 58,9, 349. 350,1. 394. 5. 101,2,3. f^^ ^*? 
dories, Trade. • 

Shabander of Achin. O. 502. S. 141,2,4,$. of Malacca^ i^3>^>7r 

Shackles ahd VVrift-bslnds off Gold, where Worn, 0. 5 1 4, 5. \ 

.\ Sfiailow plaeeSjO. 33. ii5« 159. fee Sholes. 

Shape of People, where ftreight, well*made, or ftiapd, 0. 7. 170 
297. 395. 405. 454.454.478. C. 115- (an*^ flender) S. 181. raw- 
^n'd^O. 405. fquat, 425. thin, 537. fee Limbs. 

harks,wherc,0.55. 79. no. 472, C.25.35. VV,55»kUM by Storms,^ 
S|.howdrcft to cat,0. 79. [ <l 2 J Sheathing 



Sheathing of Ship?,how ncccffary, 0. 3^0, 2, 3. 

Sheep, where, O. 387. 464. 532.540. (a few for the King) S. 25. 
their Skinsworn, and Guts eaten,0« 53^9 9* $40. 

Shcll-fifli, where, and what,S. 27. C. 17.O.449. 540.fcarce,4^5. 
a fore red like boild Shrimps, 8i. fee Clams,^. Cockles, Coochs, 
Crabs, d. Craw-fi(h, Horle- hoofs, i^ MufcteSyOyftcrs, L Periwinkles, 
Prawns, Shrimps. Shells (luck in the Hair, 538. 

Sherbaro^ Chcrburg R. near Sierra Leona^ Englijh Faftory and Trade 
of Cam*wood,0. 78. C 58. 

Ships andShipping, where built, O 1 14. whither fent, fee Trade* 
Little us'd where, 117. 243. 2^7. C. 122. fupprefs'd, S.118. £•/«« 
dian^ what and where, O.332. S. 5. 8. 9. 74,5^7' 88. i lo.i.Houfcs 
built to attend them, 12,3. meafur'd, 0. 354. fee Champa^ Cbiueje 
Jonks, Proc*s. Spamjh^ fee Acapnlca-^ip^ Armaduy Barlavent^AccU 
FlotUy Lima. Eaten with VVormSt fee fticarhing. Quarter-deck cut 
down, 380. how made to wear, VV. 64. call on Laim by Storms, C. 
92,3. VV. 67,9. 73. fee Wrecks. Seams opening in Harmatans, 49. 
Hold hot with Pepper, O. 525. fee Anchoring, Bark-logs, Boats, 
Cables, Canoa's,Careening,Mafts,Oakam, Oars, Outlagcrs, Saddles, 
H^itch, Pumps, Rudder, Sails, Tar, Well-boat. 

Shirts, none worn, S. 43. fee Cloaths. 

Shoes, none worn, 0. 326, 408. 455. S. 43. 129. like Slippers, 
and fraall ones of Chinefe Women, 0. 408. fee Feet* 

Shooting of Birds, newly learnt, where, S 26. Shooting-matches, 
folemn, 72. Shot, a Commodity, 041. 

Sholes and (hallow places. Bars, Flats, &c. where, 0. 75,8. 119. 
133,5. 144,7,9. 1^4. 193. 212.242. 253. (a fign of Land near) 283. 
297. 303.378. (very dangerous) 382, 9. 425. 447,8. 450,8,9. 460,1. 
(ill plac'd in Charts) 462. S. 5.9.10,1,2. 105. 15^,9. 170,1.0.28,9. 
35. 123. ufually near low Land, 0.422,3,4,5. difcoipcr d by change 
of Colour in the Water, 80. Beacons fet on them, 450. proper to 
Filh on, 297. fee Fi(hing Banks. See Anchorings. 

Shrimps, and Trade of them, S. 27,8. 128, C. 1 27, 8. 

Shrubs, fee Bu(hes, Fruits, Trees. 

Siam Bay,</.lflesand Fi(hermen there,0. 398,9.40011* 425.VVinds, 
VV.2l.Courfe,23. 399. Weather, 82, 4^*^/^ woo4, S. 8. King- 
dom of 5 ww, 4hcir Trade at row^«w, 10. 16. at i40i!w«, O.504. War 
v/itbtht EtJiUfl}, Bells bought for the King, and En^/i/)^ in his fcr- 
vice, Tb. 5. 101,2,3,5 to 9. Maffacred at Mergay 151. Rcvolution,aiid 
Engli(h from Siam C'ltyy 152, 3. Women pro(iitutcs, O. 395. 
Achars,39x. 

Sibbei de Wards ^ Sebald de Waerdts) iQes, d. 0. 80, i. 

Sick men rcfre(h'd with Herbs and Fruits, 0. 92. 52^. 54^» *.3a 
fte DifeafeSjCures. Sick place, 1 80. 0. 5*4,5.fc^ Air ba* ' 

Sight, good, 0/8. bad, 4<54, 5. fee Byes, v 



• ^ •» • 






v:n^#fcrr0» xnu^ffn 



Sign* of Winds, Weather, &c. fee Clouds, Fogs, Land, Sky, 
Storms, Sun. 

Silks, a Commodity, where, O. 137,245. 379. S. 1$. (and^i;^w 
Si]k,)6i. C. 120. for fowing, 119. Silk-worms, and Silks oude, 
where, O. 409. 5". 21,2, 5. iL6i. Worm, 42. (prcfcnted) 1081.129. 
0.419. cWntf filk,333. 409. S* 15- S ilk- Countreys poor, 39. Silk- 
paper, 6u Silk-grafs Aprons, VV. 110. 

iiSabar^O. ^01. S. 179.180. its Pepper, 182. 

Silver, Mines, where, O. 260,1.9. fiwrtf/v^n Prifoners not fent thi- 
ther, C. 54. out of a Wreck, 0. 148. imported, S. 61, 5. Buttons, 
108. Rings, a Commodity» C 119. fee pieces of Eighty Plate-fleet. 
Quick-filvcr, fee Quick, 

Silvefter, tree, f f uit, dye, d.0. 124. 225,9. 

Sincamre Strcights, S. 4. 109. 

Sinpmg, Songs, what and where, O* 127. 337. 342.459. 541. 

'i^/. Look out, d. C. 14. 

jittingcrofs-legd, where us'd,0L329. 

Situation pleafant,&c. O.218, fee Air, Profpeft^ 

Skins worn, loufv, O* 5^9* 540* for Inftrumen^Cafes,C.73. eaten, 
O. 429.430.fee Afles, Goats,M2Datee, Seals, Leather 

Sky cJcar, when, W. 4.45. black, 66. fee Clouds, Weather. 

Slaves working, where, O.266, 9. 534. fee Negro's, made Slaves, 
184.455. 5io,r,5,^.S,7.8. (by Parents and Husbands) 37, 8. (fee 
Children, Wives, the ufual Punifhrnent, where) 83. 130. flaviih 
State, 132,4, $,d. 14152. 

Slippers, Sandals, worn, O.408. S. 129. 

Sloth, Bcaft, where, C. 59. d. 6u 
; Small-Pox, where* O. 334. 

Smiths (Black, Gold) &c. d, Q. 331,2. S.5o. i30,i,<J. ij^i. 

Smoaks and Fires fecn, 0.82. 459. ai]gnal,252. 

Snakes and Serpents, what and where, 0. 103. 172. 212. 320, i. 
(in houfes, &c.) 372. S.25. (an Antidote) 5}>4-i27* C.50.62. 
(yellow, green, dunj d. 62^ 3* 

Snapper, fi(h, d* and where, Q. 91. C. 12. 109. 

Snook, fifli, d, and where, O* 243. C 12. 71. 124. 

Soapi a Commodity, where, 0.142, 3. 214. 

Soil, what anji where, 0. 11,5,8. 21, 9.44. 59»70)4>^-P5»7-ior,"' 
p. 112. 122. 1324,5,9. 140,3. 154.172,5. 187. 195.202.218.222, 
5. 240. 250,3,5,5. 25i. 275, 291J. 309.310. 333. 351. 3804. 390.^ 
405.425,5. 447. 457. 453. 473,8. 532. S. 14,9. 2o,i,2y5. (variety 
of it) 1234. 1714- i8i.C. 11.23.55,8. 94»5. 102.111,3,9.122,3. 
W. 109. fee Savannahs. Rocks, Sands, Tjpecs, Rice. 

'Soldiers, what aDdwnere,S. 5o. Exercifes, 59, 72. rowing, 75, 7. 
Arms, 70,1,5. trial by eating, and how rais'd,i^. Fights and Expe- 
ditions, 70, j. Watch, 77,8. hir'd,io$. fee Guards, Arms, Fighting, 

Soldier-Infeft, d^ traten,but fometimes poifonous, 0. 39. 

Sohp(cs pf Mndim^ d$ 0* 32 5* Proe'sand Tradc^ 3.79«^ 

d 3 3 * '^""" iSouftdiDgs, 



^ 



iS(»adlngs,0.a98, 3*ftc Afichorings. ' 

La Sounds Key ia the Sambalio'sy (X 22^3,5* 

SoMfb Keys or Iflands, fee of CM4. 

^bKrib^e4)Bold Shore, and greit and deep Se^is, 0.42^. 34. no 
Maoftee,f&« nor Hawks-bill Turtle, 105. its Pearl-Oyfter5,i73. Jew- 
iilh, 249. Red-wood, C.58. fee Blood-wood. Ant-hcars»6i. Oakam, 
O. 2^. fee Bark Logs, Ca^fHh. Far in it, no Rocks, Fiflior Fowl, 
where, 282* Courfe acrofs it, fee Courfe. Breadth, under-rcckon'd, 
O. i9t> 290. Winds, VV. 3. 10, i. 24. 40. Weather, 78, 9. Tides, 
91, $y6. Currcots, 107,8. what part free from Storms and Rain, fee 
Facifiek Setu Better Landing about ftru than Mexico^ fee Landing 
bad. Sec Weather, Winds, Bark-logs, Chilu ferity Bahama Bay, 
Afevicoy California. Commerce with the 4danX,ifi\\^ the Cape-R. O. 
129. by the Ifthmuty fee Ifthmm. 

So9tbf, Storms, where, O. W. rf. d5 to 8. 

Sby, whence and how made, S.28* 

Spain^ prefage oftheftirs in America fi» 180, i. Cargo thence,0 
12$. fee 

^nlir^x, particulars relating to them, in AmericaJO.^.^.^,6• 12, 
34,8. 27,8: 30,3,8. 41 to 5. 55 to tfo,3,8. 75. 83,4,8- 91, 4, 6, 7, 9. 
100,2. ii3to7. 120,2, to 8.131,4,5,(5,9.140,3,4,7,8,9. 152,3, 5, 
to 8. i53,tf,to 17^,5,7, to 182,4, to 209. 211,34,7, t0 22i.3,5,to 
235,9, to 2<5i,4, to 273,5,7,9- 2«o,2,3.S. 117.C. 13,9. 20. 34, 5. 
' 42 te 7. 51,2,3,4. 73.90, 5, to 8. 109, to 11^. 120, to 7,9. 130, 1, 
(their failing) W. 40. 105. (bad Sea-men) 33. 62,3. (O. 190, !•) at 
GuantyO. 290, i, 3oo,&c. at the Philippines' ^2%* 331, 3,4. 377, 9. 
382,3,4*7^ ^is,6. Tradc,&c. 184^5. 243 to 6. 3334- C. 42,3.^. 
110,1.120 to 7. 131. iec Armada^ Acapulco-ttim^ BdrUventormcty 
Flotay Lima-flctU Carriers, Commodities, Trade. Fighting, Intel- 
ligence, &c. Stratagems, 0.99. 114,7. 120,1. i35,(5. 144,7. i88,p, 
2c8,9* 225, 7i 8. 243.259.2115. 382. Government, Policy, Severi-> 
ty>&c. 43,4. C.19. 31- 44.54- 94»5,<^- 109. 112,34,6. 272,3. O43, 
4.331. 359. 372, 3. Superftition,42. Gaming, 410. Honour, 221,3* 
C. 95. Buildings, fee Churches, Houfes, Parades. Ship-Pufnpi, d*0. 
443, 4. Husbandry, 235. 313. C. 98. Spam/h fpoken, 0« 331. 3^^. 

355.515, <^. 

NemSpain^ Coaflsand places of it, d. C. I23,&c. 

^/wiff)^ Makril,where,C.7i.({/.72w 

Spears us'd, what and where, S.72* 

Spice, a Commodity, S.55. 0.^45. ingro6*d;andfui)prels'd,3id,7. 
350.36(5* fee Bktcb. Whereto be had, /^. 3 1 7. 350, 1, 3. fecCin*- 
Aon, Cloves, Clo?c*bark, Oin^eriNittmegs^ Pepper, ipicrd-watcr^jsyl 
fee the ' 

^tf.i]fi^ff^;f,ilftf/^^filearht there, 0.39$, tibby^ aoit Sa|o» 
311. anointing ni'd, 5?7« Trade tnbnopoliz'd, 5. aii7. i6tf. fee 
spice, Dutdj. S^ Amb0tna^Bani4Xejbn.iiiloh^mik^pSiuna^ap 

Xemate^Tiim.S^Wtoxx: .- ' '. ^ ' 

T ■ ' ,. ^ • Spiders, 



■9W»(^^*5^«^W^— I'i""«T-T^F^P%«n»-»^ 



Spiders large, and ufe of their TecA or Hbras, C dk. 
Spittle pro»ok'd by Betic, O. ^i^ ^ 

Spoons, of Cpca-Dirt^ CX :^94, aoite wfed, ^p. 42x2). 
. Sports «troii^wX& 53- of others, fee Dancing, Gami» 
Spouts, rf. (follow a C^Iro) and'wh«re, Ow 45'j. 2-,^. ^' 

fj«M»tf, » white frothing CacaQ, rf. and \«h«re,C 1 1 1. 
Squaihes, Beads, rf. and where, C. 59. 95. 

-Sfijirrds^ where, 1 1 27- e«(jc»,, 1:^8^ 

SUr^appte,^ d, and whesc, O^ 304. 

State of BaflrIndi4th?^mQByQ. 355. S. 142^2. fte PHuml 

.S^tffw I. d. 0. 82. 424. ^* 

Stature .o« P«^Ie, Jmis O. a95.4:x<J- 454- W. loZ^man-, O zi 
2. 17P* 3;^5- 5^7.. S, 4Q<fe. n^, taU,€h ,7^6. 4^.4n^: ^ * 

Stealing with the Toe s, S, 1 38. fee ThicveSr- ^^ 

Steely what Q)als bcft to harden it, C. 50^ 7. . 

Sticks burnt on Altars, 6. 412. Chop.fticks,it.& $£,--. 

Sting-ray^i Fi(h> fee Ray^. . 

Stocks, aanfiMtl Punifliiiie&t,.wheve, S» 77* 

Stockjfifli' wood^ </• where^andrpricei, <S. 57.,. 3. 

Stockings,, a: Commodity, C. 120* O* 157. none warn* sitfi ii«^ 
4$<5. S.43. 129. fee Legs, Nakffd*. "* 

*Stomach, what good for it, O. 3*9. 

Stone, Friable, Q. 140. fcarce^: ilfi nmc. C rii. frrRDcki. H^ 
Stone-Hatchets, fee Hitchets. ^«^wwj«j aoif. 

Storms, What and where ufual^ or mctJl^ thttAutfeoiL^tr.and their 
J>refagcs,0. 70. 83,4.401.413,4, 5,^-497, K9'49^.&c $04. 
5. 35, 6. C. 91, 2, 3. i28,flr. W, Z^19.:S9 to (54. 75..rooft'at thcN 
and F. Moon> 0. 4i'(^. fee Moon.. Tuisning' then, dangefons^, aia 
how effefted, W. 54. fee Clouds, Corpus Santt, Etephanfa kurn- 
ricanes, Monfoons, ftormy Norths, ebujth^ Spouts, tornadoes 
TufFoons. None where, 0. 94. feeF^(r//?cik^a.' ^^n^aoes. 

Strangers, carriage towards them^ 0. 327, 8. S. jo, i. 24,^ fee 
Entertainments, Comrades and Fagattiesy ManncTk Cgoddihofw^hft 
&cO Women ppoftitutcsi . T^v? ^r««"^«^> 

Straw-hats- wor.iMr.rtwr5«»» S.43> 

Streets, wb^.«n* where, 0..3&7. iaaQCeffibIc,4i8iajrtavMifcdi7 
guarded, 77. hot Tea fold there< ii. ^ ^^^^; 

5trumftrum, a Mpficfll Inftrumcnt,iQ. U7> 

Subtler J«?ksi3it>d their Neftl5.rf4^d)wiiece^C.d$, 8$ 9.. - 

4fucking-fiih or Aemor44.rf..aidwhe«Cj. (fc d4,$, W^:54w.u«'diffa> 

catcJHQg^^ T^uitlfl^ up. . , . . ; 

Sugar, where a Commodity, Dj 4^ 14^,51 ipi. 2x4?. atfpiiftr r^j. 

C. 18. Canes growing, and Works, 0.22. 46. 78- 145. .19^ .xkiftaM. 

409. 429. C. 5. hindred by Salt-Earth,#> ^'caibniW* Saii i . 
jSxiip\ext inportridi ^ dis, (us'd,.68.)fmcU4 Oa i ^i. 
Sumatra 1. Coafts, Q* /^^$.A12y^ d* catfd ^&!^iici»w)QlibMapi 

?f 143. anointing us'd there, 537, liaUpm^ fpokcn, 5^41 Bfqexes, 

W. 39. 




W. ^9* Commodities and Trade, 0,401! 5; $* 110,1. (monopoIiz*d) 
115,7. (fee Dutch) 182. fccPcppfcfi Sec Achin^ P. Arii^ Bancalis^ 
BencouU^ Diam(md'?oint^ R. Diffy^GoldenM. P. Goma^ Hog-L Indra' 
p^e^ FtUimbam^ Faniafinamf Pajfange'Jwica^ P. Rjtndoy Sittabar^Trifl'l* 
p. Vereroy P. Wt^^ Malacca and ^vm/^ iStreights. 

^Summafenta R. aad T. </• C51.102. 131. Summafenta^Vfjot Breeze, 
93.rf.W.43,4. 

^un, in what pffiSy what Weather, W. 4. 5. 21, 2. often Clouded 
about Noon, 0. 494. Halo round it prefa^ ^ornris,495. fee Clouds, 
Sky. Its Amplitude fail'd by, $^u expoung to it, a Puuifliffleot, 
357. S. 79* fee Decitftatiofi, Latitude by Obf. 

SHnda Streights^much us'd, O. 394. Counter-winds, 3$t« 

'Superftipion, O. 9. 42. 127,415. 541. W. 91,2% 104. C 91. fee 
Idolatry, Mahometanifm. 

Suranam, Seafons there, W. 82. Currents, 104. low Land, and 
Manatee, 0« 33.425. 

5arr4^ Merchants at Achin^S. 146, ^tirriff-Channel, 122. 

Swampy and flooded Waters, why unwholfome, O. 524. 

Cipt Swan, particulars concerning him, 0. 137. 278. 280, i, 2, 
3, 4. 302,3,6. 340,1,2,8,9. 350, 3, to 7. 362, 4,6 to 374. his Mur* 
der, 445, 6. Ship, the Cy^eP^ 506,7. 510, i. 

Swearing, manner of it, where, S. 83. 

Sweating in Hot Sands,Cnre of a Dropfy, 0. 276. 

Swimming of one only in a fright, O. 402. 
. SwinesHfldh abhorr d, fee Hogs, Mabmetaru^ 
. Swings atToiuficin, d.$» 53. 

. Swiveb us'd for Guns, where, 0. 400. $.73. 

Swords, what and whereus'd, 0. 337. (wooden) 46^, 9, $.S.70|6. 
(Back-fwords) 184. fee CreiTets, Curtami's. 
' Sword-fi(h,i.and wherc^ C. 25. 35. 

T. 

TAhagiOahO.iBS. 
tabago L and T. by Panama^ i. O. 1 87, 8. 
Tobago I. of thcCaribbes^ wafted,0485.C5«^* W. 56,7. 
r^t^tf/caR. and LC 20. </. 131,7,8. ii7>8. I2I.W.63. 
Tabie-Munt at the C. G. Hope, d. 0. 531. 
Tacatalpo de Sierra, i/. C. 1 1 1 • 

tail of Co a;s Hide, worn and trimm'd, W.i 1 1. of Cqpksi & 
JfUe, a fumme, what and where, S. 6 1 . 132. 
Tallow, a Commodity, O. i$2.C. no. Tallow-Caps, i«VV. in* 
^l^nuurinds, their benefit with Rice, 0. 525* 
TanffiatL d*0» 2^2. 
Tanning, fee Bark, Leather. 

Tar, wtere found or made, and howorder'd, (Algatrane) O* 223* 
(Tartfee, rf.) 390, i, ^a Commodity) 4>5>7>8« S. 8* 
Tarpom, SS^td^MM where, C, 12,3. 71. 



xjcriffrm mocXm 

Tdrtitfs^ HvkAty inflaving the Chmfe^ Habit, i. &c. 0.405,7; 417; 
t,9.42i«S,f$.4. 107. (ec China. 

Tartillp's, Cakes, d. and where, C. 43* 1 13. 

Te?i, C&»«, whence, and where, O. 409. S. 31. 41.' 53. 

Teal, jprhere, S. 25. VV« 109. 

Ti^tamfafcque (Tecoantepefue) R.andT. ^.0.232. C 121, 2. 

Teeth, where wfa>,S. it$* W. iii. 0. 297. 39$. 427. BUek^yct 
found, 92$. by chewing Betle, 319. S. 12 9. blacken'd with a Dye, 
for Beauty, 41,2. Pickers for them of Spiders Teeth, €.53- Ele- 
phants Teeth, plenty, W. 1 1 1. fee Elephants. 

Idol-Temples, F^ga/^V, where and what,0. 995. 411,3;. S. $5, 7.' 
152, Mahometan^ fee Mofijuej Chrlftian^ fee Church. ' 

Tmetiffe^ not fo high z% Santa Martha^O. 42. fee Andes. 

Teapoundcn, fiih, J. and where, C. 7 ^ * S. 1 2 B. 

Laprna Termnay or of Tides, C. 5 1,2. 94. w. 92. 

Temate^ L its Produft and Trade, O. 31 1, 333. 447. fee Spice-I* 

Temm\ hot Winds, rf. 47,8. Cold ones, fee Harmatans. 

Tefiig^e Kles and Currents, d. W. 102. ' 

Thatching of Houfes,0. 254. C.7 9. 127.W. Mo.S.4$.moycabIe,itt 
ftnes, 45. fee Palm« Palmeto, R00& 

Thelufon^d. 0*2$i. 

Thieres, where, and what, S. 128,9. O. jiS* $28,9. ahdhowpu- 
fiifli'd, 3$5,7. 432. S. 80, 1. 138,9. 140. i5<^. 

niiftles, grtat, where, 0. 133. 

St. thmat^ a baniflt I. 0. 45, 5. St. TL under the lanCyW. 51.' 

Thongs and Tholes for Boats, of Manatee-hide, O. 3$. 

Thread of what, 0*37-294,5. 315. aCominodity, where, C. i Ip. 

Thumb Nail (the left) kept long, where, O. 325. 

Thunder and Lightening, where, 0. 1 5. 7 9. (fulphureous fmell) 
131. I9f.22$. 322* 4i4-4i9« S. 15$. 177»W. 52. 8?. fee Lighten- 
ii^, Tornado's. 

C. Tiburon of HiffaMa^ Oranges, C. 6. 7. Currents, V V. lor. 

Tide, what and where, d. VY* 90 to 100. W. 44. 50, 
t, 3. 55* 70.0. $. 40,8.50.82. 108. 119. 133. 149. 151.173,4. 
194,8* 2)8, 9. 37819* 382. 401. 435. 447. 460,9. S. 10,1,2,4,5. iq5, 
I5d»,9. 170. C» 50,1. io8. fee Currents, Ebb, Moon. 

S4bre, L Produft and Trade,0. 311.333. 447. fee Spice-L 

Tigres^ where, VV. 109. 

Tigre-Cats, d. and where, VV. 109. 

iW»7imtf9ff,i.S. 5. 109. 

Timber, a Commodity, 0. 96^ ^38. 140. 159. 170. what tts;d,ani4 
for wllat, 1^5,7. 3^0. fee Ma(b, Trees. 

Time,how,kcpt,S.7$, $*0. 338. fee Day. Time of Tear, fee 
Ftfaft, Marrcrft, l&on* ILfimit^ 

Tm»iii high Coaft, G. 425. d. and Hies arid Sholes near it, and 
Tffide,459. 4^0. Tree with ftrings,i3. 295. 

Tio, Hafh of it| S. 131,2. fee Tmane^. [JLl^ Ttre^ 



Vi/*rv«i/r K*» M.f»wnfwwm-^~f 



tire, thick four Milk eaten, where, S, 14SJ 
ilfpo in N. Spaln^ i, C. 127. 
Toads, where, 5. 2$. 

Tobacco, us*d and Entertaining with it, 0. 328. 33^. g5$t Jl«457« 
a Commodity, 45. 3)3|. $40. growing, Verind^ 63. AfaniSa and ^tn- 
danaiafiy 904. </• and whence, 933^ 4* 
Tohaio \ tobafco : .fee Tab. 

Toddy and Toddy-Arack, i. and where, 0. 299^ 4. 48o,6)8. 
73fii<fC9 R. and Village, O. 169. 170. 
Tompeque^ Laguneand Village, €.43. if. 127. 
ToR^e/oR. C120. </. 121. 131. 

Tmqnbif Tunking^ Stage thither, O. 394. B. oit^np S. 6. 7* /• 8. 9^ 
104,5. Ides in it, 9« lo. Tides, W. 97. Tmqwn Kingdom, its Rife, 
S. 66,7. Bobnds, 8. 18. and Provinces, i5. ^. 20,1,2. fcei^^e^n, 7e- 
ii4a, Teneboa. Towns, how feated, 44,$. fee CacbaOyDmedj Batjha. 
Rivers, 19. 20. chieT R, fee its branches, thmcd^ R^^bo. Country, 
Soil, Profpe^ts, Mountains, P1ains,&c. 1114,9.20,1,2. 37)9i9«4495« 
50* 190,5. Weather, Floods^ SeafonsandHarveft, 32,9.49. 50,5*7 3. 
149, W. 23.75. 8 3. Vegetables, C. $8.S. 14. 21. i*22, to 5.45* 61^ 2, 
3,4 9o,2.ADiiTials,2i,2.(f. 25^7* 30,1. 47- $5* ^9« 73* 89. 92.Coiii- 
modities, 21,2,4, 5* 38,61,2,3, (imported) 4,5. 87, 9. loi. Manu- 
fa^ures, 24,5,8. 39. a. 4oy to 3. Arts and Contrivantes, 26,7,8. 45* 
^>7>9- 59" ^Ojif^fJ* 7o>i>3> to 7. 82.90,6,7,8,9. People nameroos 
and poor,i4.25. 37 to 42. 50,1. 64,5. ^6^9, their Manners and C2ua- 
lifications, 12,4. 41,2. 50, i, 3, 5. 65,8. 71,8. 81 to 5.90, 2. 9. loo* 
Language, Writing and Learning, 23. J. 59.60, 7. 81 . Buildinn and 
Furniture, Gardekis,&c. 43 t09« 52,6,7. 90,1,4. Cloaths, Famions, 
41,2,3. 72.GuftomB, 12,3^4.37.41,2,5,6,7. 50, to 9-7^2,4,7»to 
85. 90,1,2. 100.0.375. Markets, Food, Cookery, Tea, Entemin- 
ments,409.S. 28. 30,1. 53,4,5. 90,1,2,3. 100. Feafts, Rdigioniand 
VVorfliip,0, 396,7. S. 53,^5 to 9. 67.91, 2,5,6,7. Trade, 13,5. 20. 
37.41,2, 50,1.^0,1,2^4,5.86,7.101,2,3. Coin, 60. 72. 82,8. Ship- 
ing and Boats, 14, 4. a. 74 to 7. Govertiment, Ju/Uce,PuBi(hments, 
I3>$»<^*42* 74* ^* 77 to 83,]r,8,9. The two Kings, an3 their Palaces, 
47,8. 66,7,8. feefioiM. The ihoua or governing K. his State, &c. 
42.58.81,2,3. his Rife, Charafter and Family, 66, 7, 8, 9. Exac- 
tions, 65.85,9. Wealth, Stables, Artillery, Guards, GalIies,69,to 77. 
Wars, 21. 67. 72,6. Officers, fee Eunuchs, Af^m^^rfux. Forreign 
Merchants, Faftories, andMiflionaries, 12 to 5. 48,9. 93 to 103. 
Toofftf, Cbchinoel tree, fo called, O. 229. fee Cochineel 
Torchescanied in a Heathen Proccflion, 0. 397. 
Tornado's, </• and where, 0.31.44.79. 120. i3i«2ii,(5,7. 225. 
^ 247-322450,1,3,8.5.1 55.C.2i.^5,W.6.7.8.9.i4,8.2i,2,3,5,6.364i^. 
^' 5J»»' 79- 80,1,3,4,6,7,8. fee Calras, Lightening and Thunder. 
Torna^Qf Timber and Rains there, O. 140* 
Tortotfe. Land, and its kindi, (ffecatee^ Terafen) d. zjad where, O. 
f 0ii 2. C. 32. $9j^io$. 1x8. Tortoife-fliell Beards, i, Q. 32. what 

. bcft, 



bcft) 103, $. OU of them, eaten> 109. no. fee Turtle!! 
. S^t'Tarfuga I. (L O, 55,^,7. French Tort* fee Petit Quavre. 
Tower, Funeral, <^. S. 52. pi,2. Watch, fee Look-out. 
Towns, Spaaifb in America^ how built, fee Parades, Churches, O. 
2ip. on Precipices, 428,9. Malajan^Scc* feeHoufes on Pofls. Ton^ 

Sttinefe'ia Groves, with Banks and Ditches, S. 14*441 5* fbe Mole, 
treets* See Forts, Harbours, Profpeftplea(ant. 
Toys, a Commodity, where, Cup. fee Iron, and 
Trade, what and where, O. 22, 7« 43, to 8. 55,9, 62. 115. 1^2. 
179. i88. 227, 8. 244, 5, 6. 26U zj-j. 307,8. 332, 9, 4. 383, 8. 399. 

400,1,5. 417,8. 421. 431,4,5,7,9. 447. 45<^- 4^0- 537- S. $.9. 13,5. 
2o,a,4,5. 37.41,2. 50,1. 60,1,3,4,5. 8(5,7. loi, 2, 3, 5, 1 10, i, 3, 5. 
127.130,107. 142,5,6,8. 150 to 4, 8* 162 to 7, p. 173,4,8.182,3. 
C. 10,1,8. 40,2,5,7,8. 58.83,9.92,8. 110,1,9. 120,24, t07. 131. 
W.73,4.108,9. to be eftablilhed, O. 64. 235. 272,3. 316,7. 331. 
349. 350.383. 394.439.477.480,1.3. 3.5, 7. 102, 3, 5.182,3.0. 
131. W. io8,p. reftrain'd, where and how, 0. 188. 307, 8. S. li 5,7, 
8. 164,5,6,7. 173,4. '^3>4* Trade civilizes People, O. 325. 434. 
5. 113,5,^. brings Oppreffion, f^. but thrives by Liberty andHo^ 
ne%, 116,7.161, 2. Language tts*d for it, fee ilfif/4/4ii. See Com- 
modities, Manufadures, Money, Shipping, &c. 

Tjpadesand Employments, what and where, 0. 33I1 2. 395* 409. 
5.130,1,5^6.181. 

Trade-wind, True or General, Coafling, Shifting, Monfoons, fc6 
among Winds 

Train-Oil of Seals, Turtle, Porpnflcs, fee Oil. 

Trangambar^ DsMies and Mori, O. 506,7. S. 154,7,8. 

Travelling by Land, bad, where, O. I4i5>6,7,9. 20, 3, 7« 235. of 
Fifli and Fowl, 393. fee Turtle. ' 

Treachery, O 7 5- C.6.S. 1^73. fe^ Manners^ bad, R.l4Mf. 

Treati, fee KntettaimaeDts. ' " 

Tlrees,Shrubs,&c. what! and where, O. ii,8. loi. no, 2. 121. 
132,5. 156,1.16^,3,4. 172,5,7* 188. 194,6.212.232,3,5. 247,2$$,8. 
36p. jiot 380,2; 390,7. 406.416. 4i26. 443,8. 463. 472,3,5,8. 532« 
$• 5.I4.:14»64. 113. 123,4.181. C.32. 43! 55,8,9* 94. 10297,8,9/ 
l'2o,i,^.W.^93J5« 109. t6rn iipby a Storm, 67. Q» 322. floating itt 
the Sea, 2 30.^ Timber-trees,fit for Shipping,Mafts,Yirds,Canoas,&<v 
29;87.Tot.S22. 131. i69.i9i;'5.2b4. 21$. 394. S. 24. 64. u^.' 
123, 4. 181. C. 58,9. 94. 102. W. 95. 109. fee Plank, Mafts. Yard* 
See^of ufc/or Cloth, QsrdaJe,Giin-(lick^,Lanoes, Oars. Tree with 
firings, 0. 295. 460. a'^ry gfcat'one, i. 449. 450. Trees for Dy- 
ing, fee Dyes: Fnut-ttrcesi.fecF^uit: Spice-tifees, fee Spice. Sec 
Aguala, Aloes, Betle, Cafabage-tree,Cedar,Cotton'tree,Cotton*bu(h^ 
Dragon, Fir, Lack, Lance-wood, Libby, Palm, Falma-Maria^ PaU 
meto. Pone, Silveftcr, Tar-^ree, Taoua or Cochinecl-Cree, Twrpeil* 
tine. See6u(hes,OroiiQe^^\Cbadi;^ ' ./ 

trimks^ Ifles in the G* ofMexicoy C 28« 4^ - 
*. V [Ba] TritddacU 



^ 



I 



\jemrai inaj^^. 



\\ 



' rrinidaJaLC. 126, Currents, W. ioi,to 4. Tortk»0. io4* 
Trift I. Harbour and Lagune in Campeacby^ C. 13- d* i?^** 2o> >• 
'41,7, to 53,6. 8i,92,3y(p« 122,8. i3,o. W- 34,5, 9.40,4* ^7» Tides, 

cl 2* 

Ti ifl I. by Sumatra^ low, rf. and iti Coco-Nuts^&c. <f* 0. 474. 

Tropickst greater Heat there than at the line^ S. 32. why, 33* mwl 
General Trade-w. ftrongcr, W. $. fee Zone. 

Tropick bird,rf. and where, O. $3. 

Trunks to (hoot Arrows with> O. 41. for Bee-hires, rf. C «2» 
EIephants-trwnks,accottnted a choice bi(h,S. 31. 

2r«xf//o,anchT. .0. 98. ittGHAnQhaqu9yMalabriffi* 

Tuffoons.(7;j>^one/) rf, and where> S. 35, 6. W. 60. 71,2,5* 

Tanquiny THnkingy fee lofl^wn. 

Turbans, where vyorn, d. 0. 32(5. 4$^. S. 129. 

Turkey^ Aifes Skins howgrain'd there, C* 73. 

Turkeys, where, Q. $46. C. 65. 85. 114. 

Turmcrick, us'd to colour food, where, S. 129. 

Turpentine, and Pitch made of it, where, S. 62, 3; 

Turtle, Sea-Tortoife, what and where, O.2. 9,3^,9* J^ 7,^^ ?*• 
d* 103, to no. i35# 145. 159. 160. 181,2. 21S. 276. 3if. 37^*a93» 

7. 449* 4$3> (^^"^y ^^"^SO 4- ^^h9' S. 5A 27. »8i, C. 10,3^ ^* 73- 
W. 4. $. 36. 1 10. lire long, 0. 108. how add when they Goi# or 
couple,/^. 160. W.4. 5. how they Travel and lay, and wher^,0*7 5 • 
(andtheirEggy)rf.io4,to8.2i$.:(9mifirra'd) 393, G. af. ^ i. 
.W. 4. 5. their food (Sea-Mofs,TurtIe-grafs) 103, 4. d. io6. none at 
their Laying- places, 393> often rife to bnf^th^ ib. ip8. (end Uow 
hard) 454.how.ilruck.ort^en>3$v (andTttrt!e4Pftn6orFcgs)^.37« 
105,8,9. fee Afos^tomcn. where ihyw 449* 453* 4<^3v*cir fight 
better than hearing, and bell fthick iii m night, tf . 1f«fiEtle-Nctt, 
what and where,: 395- Suckiog-filhrfticWngtoTurtley^-andus'd 
for taking thenri, W. 1 1 o. Wears to Ko^p.tbeiD^a.id^. OilofSca- 
TjBftle, ib. ts6. 'KiB<J<^of Tartte^.Bwfe-Turtlc, d* 0» 103. 
Imerhead'T- d. ib. and where, Cip.AftiirtxB«/fT. (beftTcrtoife- 
ftcll, flefliof fomeunwholefonie,tiieirfecd,&c.) </.aQ») where, O. 
103,4, $. C. 73. Gre^n-T. (largcft, bcft meat, than Shill for in- 
Jjiyiag, eat TurtU-graf8,&c.) where,0. 38. (beft of ajl the W. hoBts) 
58. 103, to 7. (one very large, io$%6.) 378. 393. S. $.6. i8i. Ba- 
f(ar4 fort oiGreen-T. d. and where, 0« lo^ 160. and a fmaU fort, 
iP7. 133. 234. trfir^J^-Turtle, fceIor/«(fff 

, TurUe-Dove$, where, CX 59. i ioi%l'77^ ^7^* 32i» 3^3* & 26. 
128. C. 65. (phitcJtitn^grmnd) rf,^^* 

. Tutanegj a fort otTinjafldTradeof it,S. i7J»8. 

• ; ' ^ - Vk . ., 

\Tjiccayl. ice A/h. " 

i V yaldertft {Ealdims) lO^ 258,9, ;»^|..;577. 'I 

VaUenfuiila ( Venexnclla ) Lagune» i ^ ^ 

Vajlejfs, rich, &c. ?<pc Soil. 






rkitii^ioi 



» r 



'Y!'r^'''^i!f^^^^ 



Variation o{ the Needle,vfh9t and where, W. 53, 6. O. 80,1,287,8; 
fiottbling the C G. Mope by it, 53 1. 

Varnim made ot Lack,whcre,S. ^1,2. 

Pulo Vby^d. and Trade, O. ^9^. 400. S. 105. 

Vegetables, fee Bufties, Corn, Drugs, Dyes, Fruits, Herbs, Roots, 
Tree*, Weeds. 

C iU/ei4, its 'Trader windSj^W. 17,8. Breezes, 34, Currents^ 
101, 4, 5. BarlAventa-Aetts coarting it, C.126, 

C. AluVela^ its Winds, W. 35. 

VcncrSBous Creatures, fee C<HitiRCc'», Galliwafp (Bcaft like a) 
OuaoOfSoakcs^Fruit, Fins, Bones,.&c« fee Poifoooas. 

La Vera Crn^x fee Cri^* .-. 

C Verd, Winds near it, VV. 7. 9- 1 5, <^- 

C. Veid Iflcs, th^ir Product, Fmuffieffficc. d* (X 70, to 7. 

Pulo Kerf ro,<^. S. I $7 » 8. 

Veriiuty its excetkiiit Tobacco, 0, 6^. 

Vermine of ^e^r«V and Ind^ns^y {lojiv bred, O. 538, p, 

Vefletet to heid LiqHids,&c. 0. 2. ic3s6. 294. 412. 490.C,Ei5^.fee 
Bambo's hollow, Baskets,Bumkins»Cabbinets, CalabamtC/^in^^n-box, 
Ciif^s^ E^r^p-^are Jars^Udlesi Spoops, For Na?iga$ion»feeBoatii 
Canoa's, Shipping. 

Vicr^ Sp^^, n0Bc aVd, whcit, 9. 35J2.. 

VtHagesi U«'4.to ppvide Soldio^ wtore, 1 7 i«how feated,biult, 
&c. .fcclQwn^^ Jec . 

. Viftualling^^Tes or Inns at Tcn^o^ S. ioo« 

St, VVKiwP^^of life CaribbeesyC 5^.- . 

. It. ^< W J-. of the <?* f^er<<'x, Q - 7 7- 

. ViQcsKVijke-yarda, whcre^ O. S^^$f fee<Jnipc-trcc, Wine. . 

Wi]dvi|9e,it»^fiVes^oo4.fbrlJUcers,^her«, O4 44f. 

VinellQ'^ fiiant and Cods, curing of' them, and uCe; mi where to 
be had, 0* 38* 124. 4?. 234, <^. G 123. 

K^^i/KV,iti[ Cedars, 0^2^^ ^frwfvsis, 3^3. Cold N. W^Wiadr, 
530. Tid€|s,W.92, . ..' , . 

Ugn¥myi^^ where, 0. 57k 

Ulcere, <^re Cor them, 0.44<fi» 

St. J9bn iXHim^ Fqct, rf. C> 1 2 $• fee (^La Vera)CfU7^ ; 

UoribldlO'H iwhcreufrd, 0.497*, 

i^Ms^^e^^.Titi^ CP^^obahly^-at IdnjfKiffr S^ 

Va]ce,:4f^p iBitheTHrc^ifc. where^ O* 45(5, 9^ 

Volcans, their Eruptions accompanied with Stormi^ O. $»$» 

Volcan KejojdAiByp. 2i6Sce1^olcans of CQlima^FogojBuaAnaU^Um*, 
Voyage iib Gonrfe. SctiDawfiffr^ i>rake^ dn. Sfffne. ' QlaniHis 
Noted, 5. 12$, ^iJiMmier's Brekthm* i9^ Utedlils, fee Adds, 

Aii9»)^lMb0*ii^Baft)CH>,:BarkIog8$^^^ Benches, Bob- 

Bricks, BrodtUi Caaci^ Chihrs, Goak, COfdaffi^ Dice, Flagy, 
Hammocks,^ Uivia,> i}iAniincal»Cdic$, . ladderf » Bagnoti, Palan- 
Uas!, Super, fariUions, Pickers, iftarei,Pkoks» IflQW, PQwder, 

; t? 33 ■ - !^»P^ 



PumpSi Scales, Thongs, Thread, Vices. SeeB(xits,Cxnoa's,CIoaths^ 
Fifhing-Inftruments, Iron, Lacker-ware, Muiical-Initniineiits,Qmr: 
meats, Palmeto-works, Shipping, Wcajpons^ 
Vulgar £rrours, iee Miilakes. 

W. 
f T74^,* left among the Ifibnms Indians, O. i$. and his Return 
W from them naked and painted, 40. tiis Book referred to^ 

WaUefaw^ the Devil fo call'd by tlie JMbxHfo^men, O. p* 
Waiking-Canes,' whence, S. 178. 167. fee Canes. Cacao-walkSi 
Ciix,2.<tii9* fee Cacao (and of Plantains) Plaotiiins,Plantations. 
Walls, what and where, 0. 140. 2 18. 335. 41 1. C 45. 1 1 $• 127. 
Man ^War^ Bird, where, W. 66. and L fee Man. 
Sibbet <k Wttrds {Sebdldde H^aerdts) Ifles, d. O. 80, i. 
Wares, fee Earthen, Lacker, Manufadures* 
Warms caufing a Breach widi the Caribbie-Indianfi C. 6» 
Warrce, wild Hog, where, 0. 9. 39. idj. C. 59. 9$. 
Wars among £• Indians^ O. 32$. 337. 444. S. 21*^7, 72, 8. 193^ 

6. 8. i434,5»8. 176. fee Fighting. 

Wa(hing, for health, pleafure, or Religiotti where, 0. 322,9. 330. 
343.51 137. 148. i8o. 

Watch kept in Streets, d*S.77fi' onCoafts, lee Look*outs. 

)Vater, frefh, for Ships, Qccurhere, 0.49. 50,3. ioi.iio,to 3. 
121.132,4, 6. 141. i$9. 1^9. i7M>7' 188. 198,9. 204^' 2 12, 3,8; 
332, 3,4. 241,2,4,9. ^$4,^,8.268. 274. 1' 347- 979* 3^o, 2. 39?, 4^ 

8.9. 401. 416. 426. 436* 443* 472,8. 482, 490. $2$. S.^4. 5^ 123, i. 
i$6,7, 8. 1^4. 171,4. C. I2.9.32;5. 42^.50,3% 109. ti8. W.49. 
55. 109. where none, O. 49. $0. 81; j^/. 141. C. 2^, 9. 30. 44, $. 
fee Rirers. none but by digging Wells in the Sand, 0. 4^3, 7. (Salt, 
ifdvii deep; C. $0. 118. Brackifli in the Dry Scafoo, O. 258^ 277. 
C. 53. how kept then, ii. $6. 77#84« where gone then,0. 95, a 
1^7. 198. 394,8. S. 35. taken up fce(h at Sea, O.42.5. 155* to be 
done cautioufly, i$7. Jars of it candied on Bark logs, 0. 142, 3. a 
yaiuable Commodity, 144,$* the comnion Drink of fndkns^ 431, 
i'rifoncrs confin'd to it,S. 7^* fwampy and flooded waters nnwhole-' 
fome, O. $24^ turning black in the Cask, and heated with the 
fumes of Pepper, $25. Aluminous or Copperifli, where, 53., Wa- 
ter breeding Worms in the Legs,&c: C 90. and 5h^p^orms 
(brackifli) 0. 362. S^c'd water, 359. Bitter-wateit) Triiiby them 
iB^«ine4r,S.83. fee ; ^ 

Waves, roUiiig One way, and Current undemeatti a contrary, 

yV. 106. See Sek. ^ ' :. • V"^ 

' ftees>wax, aCommodity^and where^ Q. 333, 35^; Cita.. 
, Fuh JVny^iy 499; d. S. 121,2, ^.*Baaditti^ 138^ 9# • - ^ • 
Weapons, what and where us'd,S.7o.l i ^*i76,W*ii9^€c€ Arrowi, 

Bows, Creflet^ Ci|rtana*s, Guns, Lance^^ Spears, Swoitter H 
^ JVearstokeepTurtle^wbere, a^d5»toatcb Fifli^465» 



Woitter] wet, dry,&ir, bot^cold, what and where, i. profttfcd- 
ly, »r.76 to 88. and 2,4. 6. 7. 8, 19. 2o,i,2,7, go. 4o^^$57»8.9• 5#> 
2,5,8. 66, 8. 74.0. 94,5. i8«. 321,2,3. S/31 to 6. 148, 9. C. 55, 6. 
fcatter'd Obfcrvations or Inftantcs of it, 0. 2. 4. 11,24,5. 21,2, 7. 
3i>9- 44* 79* 81,3. 94,5. 108. III. 131,2. id2. 173. 20X.212, 5, 6. 
225. 23o,a,3,8*H2. 251,$. 261,7.274.281,3,5.297.306.347,8. 
360.378.389* 399*400,5. 4i3j5A42a437,8.459. 472,3>5-493» 
to 9. 502,4- 529. 530. 544. S. i6. 62. 90. 109. 177. 180. C. 9. 22. 
33. 41. 79. 129., flattering Weather prefaging Storms, W. 68. O. 
413. fee Storms. Mod ftormy at N. or F. Moon,4i6. fee Moon. See 
Raini, Seafons, Winds. 
Wedges, a Commodity, where, C. 41. 

^ Weeds, none in deep Seas, O. 393. fee Chick-weed, Granoadael, 
Grafs, Mofs, Purflaio, Thiftles. 
• weights of i4ciftiii, 8.132. 

Wells dug in Sand, where, 463, 7*&lt, if deep^C 50. 1 18« 
Well>Boat fafliion'd Jonks, i. 0.412,3. 
The Jfe/? 0<^,that of Sumatra fo call'd, 0. 476.its Pepper ,&i82f 
Iflands lying off it, &c« fee Sumatra. 
Wefterly-windSeafon, feeVinds Shifting. 
Wheat) where growing, O. 532. Indian, fee Maiz. See Flower, 
Cuinea-Ccxn. . . , 

Whip-Ray, fifti, two kinds of it, i. C. 73. fee Ray^ 
White Cacao, or Spuma^ <£. C. 1 1 1. 
White Cock, a fee for a ftrange Cure, C. 9 1. 
White Lillies, where, C. 89. 
Wigeon, Birds, where, S. 26. 
Wild'bu/h^men^ Negro Sjd. and where, W«io8. 
Winds Variable J fomewhat without the TrtfickfiinA Falar^.i^* 
Ctf 126.0. 70. 81,2,3.245. 351. 5^6, 8. 530. 544* Stated^ in and 
near thtTmtd Zone \ Tr^^rwinds, d.yH* u 2. 26^31. 90. 100,3,6. 
Ttue or General at Sea, d» profeiTedly, 2, to 1 1. occafional Obferra- 
tions, or InAances, 32,45. 55,6*81. 1034. 0. 55,7.63.77,8.81.100. 
27 5» 281,3,4,5,6.290,1,8.309. 351. 549- C.9. 21.41. i26.-^Cd4/I- 
ing^aiAConflant^ d. profeffediy, VV*i2,to 6. occafionally, 25,8. 
50, 8. 78,9* 90. 0. 2. 3. 4. 6. 93,4. 100. 1 10, 1, f. 131, 2,3, 9* 142^ 

3,6. 162,7. I72|4. 201,2.239. 267.274,5. Shlfting^d. pro- 

leffedly^ YV. 17 to25. occaiionaUy, 15.72. 0. 143. 171.186.198,9. 
207. 442,3,6. Mmfmis, and their Benefit, &c. d. VV. 21, to 5. 107. 
(ftormy Monfms^ d.jiy to 5. 0. 322. 402^4. 494)to 9. fee Stomis) 
N.E. Monfion^O. ^^/d. 321,3.370,8,9. 381,3,9. 399.437' 481,7^8. 
490. S. II. 62. 104. 179. S. VV. Monfoon,$. ii* O. 303, 6. d, 221,2 
346,7,8.353,4,7.399. 401,5. 4i3,'5,7-4*o- 437.3,9.481,7, 8. 490, 
3, to 9. 540,7. (VVefterly-wind Seafon inthtW. Indies, d. VV. 17, 
. 8,9* 101, 2* 0. 38, p. 44.) Dubious, Irregular, Stormy, &c. 405, 6. 

• 4«3j4>5-437»448'45M- 453»9-4^'j2. 472,3,5. 504- S.4.36.J5$,7» 

, i$9. i7o,7.C. 22, 8,9* 36,8. 129, Cottnte^winds, 0. 3$i. Norths, 

' ' their 



their Seafon, C. 21 » 9. 39. 41,8. fee Norths, Seafofifty$t«miiJrN^«/; 
(Sea and Land) d. profcttcdiy, VV. 26 to 42. VV. 5. 8: 18, 9. 20,4, 
5,7, 50,8. io2,3.0.2. 6.119. 1^0,8.185. 201,9, 2 1 8. 240,6,7, 2$I, 
2,7. 2^2 J. 274.280.321. 348.450,1. 502. $48. S.12.92, io5.i4|^. 
156. 170,1,7. 180. C. 22.30,1,7.55. Sej'windSjWarm^O. $29,530. 
Land-winds, coid^ i5. VV, 41,2. C 8. fee cold, whiffling winds pre- 
fagingStornis, W.61. 0.413. attending Spouts, 451, 2, 3. Tefnpe^ 
ftuons, fee Storms. Eddy winds from two contrary ones VV.Si. 
Wind and Sea rife and fall together, 531. Scabby winds, 6^Scc9^* 
tbaiena'BT£iefhanta^HarmetMns^Popogaios^Ttnetio\Swnmafonta'YV» 

Windows, what and where, 5. 43. 172. 0. 335. 

Wine, made, what and where, 0.74. 53x.andaComiiiodityti429 
3,5. 170. 194,6.214. fee Vines, Palm-wine. 
^ Wives, plurality of them, O. 334. 455. $14. S. 50,68. W. Hf^ 
where but one, O 9.432. bought of their Parents, S. 56.W.iii. 
married early, C> 114. proflituted by their Husban^s^ O. 395. fee 
Women proftitutes. Allowed free G)nTerfatioii with Straogen, 
^27,8. 367,8. fee Paries. Agreement with their Husbands|9432. 
influence over them, 1 3. Employments, 9.432. VY. i 10. of Prince^ 
S 67,8. 0. 335. 514. fold by their Husbands^ S. 50. gam'd away,42. 
fee Manners, Marriage, Women* 

01d.VViTes,Fi(h, where, S. 128. 

Women, refpeft (hewn them, S 100. abui'd, i6u flcgoticting 
Trade, $1,2. familiar with Strangers, 327. fee Fsg4tks: ciyil to 
them, 12. 433* beg^iog modeftly, ik Natural Affe^ion,&c.4g2» 3. 
250. C. 115. Prolfitutes, O. 36$. 395. S. 13. $0,1. Hancing-VYo- 
men, 146. 0. 340, 1,^2. felling Tea, 0. 409. S. 31. MoneyH:haoger5t 
60. 88. 131. 142. ali the Women Slaves, 14$* Ferlbnft,^. Ciifr fee 
Bodies. Cloaths, 114, 9. 0. 32. 427. VV. iii. CeeCJonths, Om*- 
raents. Love of Finery, 0. 13. fee Wives. With littk Fec^ 327. 
408. and large Calves, 32. fee Ornamenti. 

WwKns*lJ\lLty Mugtr) in Campeachj^ €.9. lo. 

Woods, Wood-lands, Wood for Fewel in Ships, <^. where, O.' 
11,4)6.21. 39. 58.87. 112. 125.150. 162, 3,4« 7- I74>7»8.i8^. 
198.205.211,6,8.231, 2,9.24^,2,9.250,1,3, 55to8. 253,9.275. 
291.309.335.347.378,9.380,2,4, 5-393»9-49a^ 6.421.442,9^.- 
454463.472,8.48o.S.4.5.i9.2o, 2,4.44,105.128.142.164.173,4.180, 
I.e. 14.30,2,4. (Men loQ in them) 83 to 7. (^Ships lodg'd there by 
Storms, W. 70. C.) 92, 5,9.1 ii,2*VV.46.56. 109* none, 0. 106. 4C, 
45. fee Trees. Wood for Dying, C ^7,8. feeDyes. Beft for Ladter- 
ware,S.6 1,2,4. fee Lack. Drift- vood, r. O. 230W 

VVood-Iiceor White Ants, where, S. 127. 

yy$oderSyh\s Efcapefrom the Spaniards^ Gip. 

Words, Names, Exotick, of Indiat^^ A^^OfA&c^O.p* 143. 327, 
•• 3S9>389.39i4o9-4i9.4J»pf to438. (479* ftc^-Wgwige.) 498,9- 
502, 7,8. 513, 4,5. 53^4^EyM^ 8i,3«32i8. 13^,8. I7l>3i9- 





-— .--M 



Working, fee Log-wood-cutting, Work-houfcs utrfiea!thy,S.^2> 

World, fee Globe. 

Worms^ in Hides, C 88* breeding in Mens Legs, &c. 8p. V. and 
Care,9o, i. Silk-worms, wheife, S* 25. Ship-worms, where bred, 
Hurt and Remedy, 0. 962, ^i 

Worm-feed, a Commodity, S,5i. and whence, ^4. 

MVotttiiip(/lkiahomem)2iikc inthe E^LndVfTeJl.l. W. j$.vvhiit at row- 
gum, S* 57,8.fce Idolatry* See Religion, Idolatry, Mabometanifm. 

Wound of Ampntat ions, how cur 'd, S. i j 9. 1 40. 

Wrecks,what and where, 0. 50. 134* 148* 405,^.5. 27,8. C 92 ? 
yr. dj, 9. 7o,.Ship-wreckt Men kept, where, S. 7. 8* ^ ^' 

Y. 
^/^Ams,Rooth where, 0.9. 12,4,8,9. 22.4^,8. 75. 141. i^i.^u; 

1 426. 433i5v% 514' 54^* S. 22. 93. I2j5. 181. C. 9. none, Oo 
480. 464, 6. 

YardsofShips, Timber fit for them, where, O. 394,8. 171,2. 

Year, Seafonsof it where diftinguifh'd into Wet and Dry, W. 20 
S» 31, 2. New-year j when it begins, and New-years Feaft at tor.- 
ptfiy $3, fee Day,Time* 

7h R. not perennial, 0. 95. S. 3$. 

TucaPaHy fee Jucatan. 

THnam(funan) PronaCc of China^ its Site andCoramoditie5,S.(5/«. 

Z. 

Z£///« (JKi/i/co) hiU, i: 0.26f. 
ZonCy Torricty its Scafonsbcft diftinguilh'd into Wet and Dry, 
S. 32. W. 2* yet the Weather various, even in the fame Latitudes^ 
77> &c. greatcft Heat there, where and why, S. 32, 3. the Ciufe 
of Land-Floods there, and Niles overflowing, 34, $. Rivers midc 
by the Floods only, ib. Weather, and Winds there. Storms, Tides 
andCnn'ents, fee the Scheme^ W. i. fee Equator, Oaks, tropicksy 
Tropick-Birds. 

ERRATA. 



Vol. II. Part I. 
p*3. !• i5« r« has been 
4. Lip* nCoco-Nuts, 
9. L 17. r. as with6u^ 
17' !• ^' r* many years* 
39. L 19, r. the Facijkl^ 
79. L 35. r. bare-headed, 
8|«Li2*r. fcareea 
94. l.io*r*firine^ 
9i*I.32*r.broad attbe ground: 
95.1. 3$. r. page 477. 
98« L 2o* for Arek r. Coco* 
loo* 1* 26* of a perfoa 
11^. L II* have of a 

I. 27 * r* their Forts* ^ 
1 5o« a$ $hi b^tfm^ r* €opim«ii 



} Part 2* 

p. 12, 1. 30, for nighty r. nigh. 
17. L 14. bloody r. flood. . 

19. 16. r. which is u ually ,^0^ 

20. 22. 7o)v, r* in a Tow. 
$0. 35. Shooffy r. Sho.^Is 
52. 1 3« carriedy r. carcca'd 
54* 6. r.had not forgot tlieir', 

94. 28./i»feft/?f?»', r. foiue of 
Io6, 1. d.r. This p:\fi: 

ioi9,Li95:.-..i.rr.;es',rtiercar:c^ 

.._ J|"*.22. r.6''-Ser:?yJ^/5^. (<%:co 

^ ii0.I« 17. rA-^fa^brups^catinia, 

.'.ISJ.'tl. fi<{,';;, r. bluif. 

' t e J ' Part j, 



INDEX. 
Itt the Adwertifcmcntjp. 1. 1. 1 s, 
" r.Dcfcrib'd; "- ' 

Courtiers&c. r. 5.59, 
CurIews,&G4rf^Jikc tficrarW.iio, 
Land, l/^, r« 1254, gobcl- 
Languages, r. 431. 479.' •" • 
Legs, 1. 3. r;*5^29. 502. 



, • I ' - ' 



Part 3. 
p, ^J. aiir.broachiflg to . 
8.1. 15. r. Bays and 
48. 1. 1 2. r. comes'frora over 
$9. 1. 1 5. r. to crofs the ... 
^4. 1'iS.r. in hopes 

1. 36. forCoafts,f. Coatsj 
L 58, r, vfc gaia'd ; ' , ^ , . ^ . ^ 

7 $. J. 4. r. Hurricjmcs and I Man of War Bird, add^ W. 66 . 

^ Piurdiot Phtrd 
PoIigamy,r.4$5.$i4. S. 50. 6^. \ 
Rivers, r. not pcrcanial 

BOOKS 70/^ ^^ James Kna ptbn^ at the 
Crown in St. PaulV Charck-yard, ' 

I / ■ 

A New Voyage Round the VVoFld. 'Defcribijjg particolarly » 
The Ifihmus of America^ feveral Coafts' icidjpQandf in the Weft- 
Indies ^ the Ifles oiCape Verde, the Paffage^.by I^rM if/ F/ff^o/.thc 
59«f^ i'ff/j Coafls of Chili, Feru, and Mexke i the Ifle'of Gxiiitf one 
of the Licdrcmes, Mindanao, and other Philippine mdBafl^^riiial{l90i% 
uett Cambodia^* China^ Formoja, Luconia, Celebes, &c. ATei HoSand, 
SHmntrdy Nicobar liics J the Cap^. of Qood Hopf, and .$^i^4 fklkna. 
Their Soil, Risers, Harbours, Plants, Fruity, Animals, and inhabi- 
taats. Their-Cuftoms, Rdigion, Government, Trade, &c. J^yWii- 
Ham DampicY. Vol. the Firft. Illuflrated with partiqilar . Maps 
and Draughts, The Fourth Edition Correfted. 

A New Voyage and Defcription of the Iftbmus of Ameria^jgWifig 
an Account of the Author's Abode there -, the ^or^ and J^k!p pf 
the Country y Coafls, Hills, River s,8cc. \Voods,SoV,\Veathar^kc»Tt£/S£^ 
Fruit, Beafts, Birds, Fifl), &c. The Indian Ink^abitanU, their Fea- 
tures, Complexion, (iyc* . their Mariners, Cuftom^, Emp(oyrocflts, 
Marriages, Feafls, Hunting, Computation,' Lahgiiage,i^c«' With 
RemaTKable Occurrences in the South Sea, and elfewhece.^ Bj Lidnet 
Wafer, Illuftrated with fcver^al Copper Plates. '; , " * 

Difcourfes on the Fublick Kevemtes, ^nd off the Trade Xif'EhgUnd. 
InTwoParts^ Vin^. 

L Of the life of Political Arith^ietick, .in all Coniider^ic^s si- 
boat the Revenues and Trade. ^ , ^^ 

41. Oij Credit, and thcl4eans and Methods by which it Biybc 
rcftorcd. "^ 

IIL On the Management of the I^ingiRcvenues^ ' 

IV. Whether to Farm thcReuennes, may not,' it^ this Jo^ftarc 
be mofl for the Publick Service ? * 

V. On the Publick Debts and Eijgagemefits. By tH^ Author erf 
JS^ Ejjai on Ways and Msans. Vart I. To which is. added, A Dif- 

r- ■ ^\' ■ » \' ' courfe 

,' .\f . . .,1, i «, ' - ^>- • ♦•^>" - *^ •'-' 



courfc upon Improring the Revenue of the Stitc of Athens. Writ- 
ten Originally in^ree j^j and npw made En^li/b fr om the Original, 
with fomc Hiftcirical Notes j By another Hand. 

Difpourfcs on vtbe Fublici^Reveniies^znd on the Trade of England ; 
Which more iininediatdy Treat of the Foreign Traffick of this 
Ringdom. Vi^. I* That Foreign Trade is belieficial to Englami, 
11. On the Proteftioa and Care of Trade. III. On the Wantation 
Trade- IV. On the Eaft India Trade. By the Author of The Ef- 
fay onWays and Means*. Part If. : fo which is added th« late Ejfay 
onthe£4/2-/n</{^Trnie.: ;Bythe fame Hand. 

An EiTay upon the jscobable Mctjhods of making a People Gahers 
in the Ballance of Trade. Treating of thcfe Heads; vix. Of the 
PeojJe of fingfand. Or the L?nd of England, aad its Produ^. Of 
our Payments to the Pttblicki and in what manner thcBalUnceof 
Trade. may be thei;eby aflFejfted. That a Country cannot increafe in 
Wealth and Power but by private Men doing their Duty to the 
Publick, and but by a fteady Courfe of Honedy and Wifdom, in 
fuch as are trufled with the Adminiftration of Affairs. By the Au- 
thoTof The Ejfay on Ways and Means. 

A Treatife of Morality. In Two Parts. V Vf itten in French by 
F. Malbrancb, Autborof The Semb after truth. And Traoflated in- 
• to Engliflf by James Sbiptgnj M, A. ^ 

Jacobi Rohaulti Phyfica.. Lacine reddidit, & annotatiuneulis 
quibufdam illuftravit $• C/^ri^. Ai B. C. G. C. C* Acceflic index 
rerum & Phxnom^orum prxcipuQrum. 

The Memoirs of MpnOeur Bontis^ whoferved in the, French Ar- 
mies 5d Years. Traflated by Charles CononEfci^ Folio. 

ProceiTus Integrt in morb>is fere qmnibus Ci4ri|Q4u i Do. Th3. Sy- 
denham Confcripti* I as. 

Dr. Sydenham s Praftice of Phy(ick, faithfully tranflated into Eng- 
li(h» mth large An^tatipps, Aqin^dverfions, and praftical Ojfer 
vatiqnsonth^f^me. Py W» Salmon^ M.D. 12s. 

The Penitent, orJintertiiinTneats for Lent^ written in f rench by 
X. F. V. Caufiny and tranfUted xntx> Englilb by Sir $. iSf.I'eathl^di- 
tion. To which fs ^dded Ux^^^ Sculptures. 



Wtngate\ Arithmetick, 9vq. 
Latin Common Prayer, i2s^ 



B^^er's Chronicle, foi. 
L'Eftranget Mfof^ fol. 
TittotfoniSttOKf^^ 8ro* 
Temple's Eflays. 
DreydensVir^ly fbl. 
J uvenal^ 8vo. 

: MifceUffl^ po^mSf 



(?WA4w's Works, 8ro. 
C^m^rii^^ Concordance, fol. 



Idem, in French. Duty of Man's Works, fol 

C<wfi5r/(4e Phrafes, 8ro. \ ^atrklionGenefis;EXodiH^8cc.it^ 



Collier's EiTay s, 8y.o. 
T— — View of the Stage, S^o^ 
5^/mon's Difpenfatocy, 8va' 
Seneca's Morals, 8yo« 
5oM^ibV Sermons, gVof*. 870^ 
Stillinifleefs Sermops,3 VoL8yo« 



c««.^ 



Afr, 



'jLCaiafdgue cfmmt^ 



Mr. ShadwelV T/ays^ bound or Jingle^ viz* 

lo True Widow 

u Lanca/bire WyitdK$ 

12 Woman Captain 



1 SuHcn Loyers 

2 Humor iil 
9 Royai Shepherdefs 

4 Virtuofo 

5 Ffiche 

6 Libertine 

7 Epfom WYdh 

8 Timmoi Athens 



15 Squire of -<4//tfrf<j 
14 Bury Fair 

I $ Amorous Biggot 

1 6 Scowrers 

17 Volunteers / 



9 Mifcr 

il//^ /&C/^, and all other Modern Tlay^. 



Mr- Anthony 

Abifel(t:(er 

Alphonfo K. of I^itples 

Antony and Cleopatra 

Bellamira 

Black Prince at TJ^^AiSi 

CeuntryWit - 

Country Wife 

Chances 

Chrce 

Cheats 

City Politicks ' 

Cawbyfes 

Deftruftion rf Jerufatitn 

Duke and no Duke 

Devil of a Wife' 

Diftreffed Innocence 

Dame Dobfon 

Dutch Lo?cr 

Don ^ixott $ part 

Double Dealer 

Emprefs of Morocco 

Earl of Ejfex 

Enilifly Monarch 

Emlif}) Fryer 

£rti?tfKi the Third 

EnipeFor of the Mooa 

Xngliflj Liwycr 

Fond Husband 

Feign'd Courteztnt 

Forced Marriage 

GHeninich Park 

Henry 5 and Mnftaphd 

And 



Heir of Morocco 
HamUt 
Ibrahim 

Idand Princefs 
I ftuXiHi Cafar 
Iii)urM Lovers 
Innocent Ufurper 
King and no King 
King hear 
LoveinaTub 
Vmdjon Oickolds 
Love fiw Money 
Man of Mode 
Mulberry Garden 
Mackpetb 
Madam Wic^U 
Maids Tragedy 
Marriage-luiter mcteh'd 
Maids laft Prayer 
Otheth 

Old Ratehelor 
Oro9mi(Q 
^lain Dealer 
Pmafisr 
Kegulus 

ftehearfal ' , . 

Machmnd Hdrefi 
Scornful Laciy 
She would if (he couNl 
Siege of B^z/bn , 
$if Solomon Singh' 
Squire Ol^of 
Sucpefsfal Surafiger^ 

sdfother Vlsyu 



V